octave-nkf: doc/interpreter/external.txi comparison

comparison doc/interpreter/external.txi @ 19627:446c46af4b42 stable

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author	John W. Eaton <jwe@octave.org>
date	Tue, 20 Jan 2015 08:26:57 -0500
parents	bcbd309bf272
children	0e1f5a750d00

comparison

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-:8dbd55742112
+:446c46af4b42
 @c
 @c Octave is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 @c under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
 @c Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at
 @c your option) any later version.
 @c
 @c Octave is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 @c ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 @c FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 @c for more details.
 @c
 @c You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 @c along with Octave; see the file COPYING.  If not, see
 @c <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 @node External Code Interface
 * Calling External Code from Oct-Files::
 * Allocating Local Memory in Oct-Files::
 * Input Parameter Checking in Oct-Files::
 * Exception and Error Handling in Oct-Files::
 * Documentation and Test of Oct-Files::
 @c * Application Programming Interface for Oct-Files::
 @end menu
 @node Getting Started with Oct-Files
 @subsection Getting Started with Oct-Files
 @group
 @EXAMPLEFILE(helloworld.cc)
 @end group
 @end example
 The first critical line is @code{#include <octave/oct.h>} which
 makes available most of the definitions necessary for a C++ oct-file.
 Note that @file{octave/oct.h} is a C++ header and cannot be directly
 @code{#include}'ed in a C source file, nor any other language.
 Included by @file{oct.h} is a definition for the macro
 SparseMatrix sm (nr, nc, 0);
 sm(0,0) = 1; sm(0,1) = 2; sm(1,3) = 3; sm(2,3) = 4;
 @end group
 @end example
 @noindent
 is perfectly valid.  However, it is a very bad idea because as each new
 element is added to the sparse matrix the matrix needs to request more
 space and reallocate memory.  This is an expensive operation, that will
 significantly slow this means of creating a sparse matrix.  Furthermore,
 it is possible to create a sparse matrix with too much storage, so having
 @var{nz} greater than 4 is also valid.  The disadvantage is that the matrix
 occupies more memory than strictly needed.
 It is not always possible to know the number of non-zero elements prior
 to filling a matrix.  For this reason the additional unused storage of
 a sparse matrix can be removed after its creation with the
 @code{maybe_compress} function.  In addition, @code{maybe_compress} can
 deallocate the unused storage, but it can also remove zero elements
 from the matrix.  The removal of zero elements from the matrix is
 controlled by setting the argument of the @code{maybe_compress} function
 @example
 @group
 octave_value_list retval;
 SparseMatrix sm = args(0).sparse_matrix_value ();
 SparseComplexMatrix scm =
 args(1).sparse_complex_matrix_value ();
 SparseBoolMatrix sbm = args(2).sparse_bool_matrix_value ();
 @dots{}
 retval(2) = sbm;
 retval(1) = scm;
 be taken into account.  There are several possible solutions, but the most
 common is illustrated in the following example,
 @example
 @group
 DEFUN_DLD (do_what_i_want, args, nargout,
 "-*- texinfo -*-\n\
 @@deftypefn @{Function File@} @{@} do_what_i_say (@@var@{n@})\n\
 A function that does what the user actually wants rather\n\
 than what they requested.\n\
 @@end deftypefn")
 @end group
 @end example
 @c @node Application Programming Interface for Oct-Files
 @c @subsection Application Programming Interface for Oct-Files
 @c
 @c WRITE ME, using Coda section 1.3 as a starting point.
 @node Mex-Files
 @section Mex-Files
 @cindex mex-files
 * Character Strings in Mex-Files::
 * Cell Arrays with Mex-Files::
 * Structures with Mex-Files::
 * Sparse Matrices with Mex-Files::
 * Calling Other Functions in Mex-Files::
 @c * Application Programming Interface for Mex-Files::
 @end menu
 @node Getting Started with Mex-Files
 @subsection Getting Started with Mex-Files
 @code{mxCreateStructMatrix} which creates a structure array with a two
 dimensional matrix, or @code{mxCreateStructArray}.
 @example
 @group
 mxArray *mxCreateStructArray (int ndims, int *dims,
 int num_keys,
 const char **keys);
 mxArray *mxCreateStructMatrix (int rows, int cols,
 int num_keys,
 const char **keys);
 @end group
 @end example
 Accessing the fields of the structure can then be performed with
 @example
 @group
 mxArray *mxGetField (const mxArray *ptr, mwIndex index,
 const char *key);
 mxArray *mxGetFieldByNumber (const mxArray *ptr,
 mwIndex index, int key_num);
 void mxSetField (mxArray *ptr, mwIndex index,
 const char *key, mxArray *val);
 void mxSetFieldByNumber (mxArray *ptr, mwIndex index,
 int key_num, mxArray *val);
 @end group
 @end example
 A difference between the oct-file interface to structures and the
 @end example
 An example of the behavior of this function within Octave is then
 @example
 a(1).f1 = "f11"; a(1).f2 = "f12";
 a(2).f1 = "f21"; a(2).f2 = "f22";
 b = mystruct (a);
 @result{}  field f1(0) = f11
 field f1(1) = f21
 field f2(0) = f12
 Note that it is not possible to use function handles or inline functions
 within a mex-file.
 @c @node Application Programming Interface for Mex-Files
 @c @subsection Application Programming Interface for Mex-Files
 @c
 @c WRITE ME, refer to mex.h and mexproto.h
 @node Standalone Programs
 @section Standalone Programs
 GCD of [10, 15] is 5
 $
 @end group
 @end example
 It is worth noting that, if only built-in functions are to be called from
 a C++ standalone program, then it does not need to initialize the
 interpreter to do so.  The general rule is that, for a built-in
 function named @code{function_name} in the interpreter, there will be
 a C++ function named @code{Ffunction_name} (note the prepended capital
 @code{F}) accessible in the C++ API@.  The declarations for all built-in
 functions are collected in the header file @code{builtin-defun-decls.h}.
 This feature should be used with care as the list of built-in functions can
 change.  No guarantees can be made that a function that is currently built in
 won't be implemented as a .m file or as a dynamically linked function in the
 future.  An example of how to call built-in functions from C++ can be seen in the
 which, again, is compiled and run as a standalone application with
 @example
 @group
 $ mkoctfile --link-stand-alone standalonebuiltin.cc -o standalonebuiltin
 $ ./standalonebuiltin
 This is a matrix:
 11 12
 21 22
 This is the norm of the matrix:

Mercurial > octave-nkf

comparison doc/interpreter/external.txi @ 19627:446c46af4b42 stable