--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/src/jit-typeinfo.cc	Wed Jul 25 21:12:47 2012 -0500
@@ -0,0 +1,1754 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (C) 2012 Max Brister <max@2bass.com>
+
+This file is part of Octave.
+
+Octave is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
+Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at your
+option) any later version.
+
+Octave is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+for more details.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+along with Octave; see the file COPYING.  If not, see
+<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+*/
+
+// defines required by llvm
+#define __STDC_LIMIT_MACROS
+#define __STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#include <config.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifdef HAVE_LLVM
+
+#include "jit-typeinfo.h"
+
+#include <llvm/Analysis/Verifier.h>
+#include <llvm/GlobalVariable.h>
+#include <llvm/ExecutionEngine/ExecutionEngine.h>
+#include <llvm/LLVMContext.h>
+#include <llvm/Function.h>
+#include <llvm/Instructions.h>
+#include <llvm/Intrinsics.h>
+#include <llvm/Support/IRBuilder.h>
+#include <llvm/Support/raw_os_ostream.h>
+
+#include "jit-ir.h"
+#include "ov.h"
+#include "ov-builtin.h"
+#include "ov-complex.h"
+#include "ov-scalar.h"
+#include "pager.h"
+
+static llvm::LLVMContext& context = llvm::getGlobalContext ();
+
+jit_typeinfo *jit_typeinfo::instance = 0;
+
+std::ostream& jit_print (std::ostream& os, jit_type *atype)
+{
+  if (! atype)
+    return os << "null";
+  return os << atype->name ();
+}
+
+// function that jit code calls
+extern "C" void
+octave_jit_print_any (const char *name, octave_base_value *obv)
+{
+  obv->print_with_name (octave_stdout, name, true);
+}
+
+extern "C" void
+octave_jit_print_double (const char *name, double value)
+{
+  // FIXME: We should avoid allocating a new octave_scalar each time
+  octave_value ov (value);
+  ov.print_with_name (octave_stdout, name);
+}
+
+extern "C" octave_base_value*
+octave_jit_binary_any_any (octave_value::binary_op op, octave_base_value *lhs,
+                           octave_base_value *rhs)
+{
+  octave_value olhs (lhs, true);
+  octave_value orhs (rhs, true);
+  octave_value result = do_binary_op (op, olhs, orhs);
+  octave_base_value *rep = result.internal_rep ();
+  rep->grab ();
+  return rep;
+}
+
+extern "C" octave_idx_type
+octave_jit_compute_nelem (double base, double limit, double inc)
+{
+  Range rng = Range (base, limit, inc);
+  return rng.nelem ();
+}
+
+extern "C" void
+octave_jit_release_any (octave_base_value *obv)
+{
+  obv->release ();
+}
+
+extern "C" void
+octave_jit_release_matrix (jit_matrix *m)
+{
+  delete m->array;
+}
+
+extern "C" octave_base_value *
+octave_jit_grab_any (octave_base_value *obv)
+{
+  obv->grab ();
+  return obv;
+}
+
+extern "C" void
+octave_jit_grab_matrix (jit_matrix *result, jit_matrix *m)
+{
+  *result = *m->array;
+}
+
+extern "C" octave_base_value *
+octave_jit_cast_any_matrix (jit_matrix *m)
+{
+  octave_value ret (*m->array);
+  octave_base_value *rep = ret.internal_rep ();
+  rep->grab ();
+  delete m->array;
+
+  return rep;
+}
+
+extern "C" void
+octave_jit_cast_matrix_any (jit_matrix *ret, octave_base_value *obv)
+{
+  NDArray m = obv->array_value ();
+  *ret = m;
+  obv->release ();
+}
+
+extern "C" double
+octave_jit_cast_scalar_any (octave_base_value *obv)
+{
+  double ret = obv->double_value ();
+  obv->release ();
+  return ret;
+}
+
+extern "C" octave_base_value *
+octave_jit_cast_any_scalar (double value)
+{
+  return new octave_scalar (value);
+}
+
+extern "C" Complex
+octave_jit_cast_complex_any (octave_base_value *obv)
+{
+  Complex ret = obv->complex_value ();
+  obv->release ();
+  return ret;
+}
+
+extern "C" octave_base_value *
+octave_jit_cast_any_complex (Complex c)
+{
+  if (c.imag () == 0)
+    return new octave_scalar (c.real ());
+  else
+    return new octave_complex (c);
+}
+
+extern "C" void
+octave_jit_gripe_nan_to_logical_conversion (void)
+{
+  try
+    {
+      gripe_nan_to_logical_conversion ();
+    }
+  catch (const octave_execution_exception&)
+    {
+      gripe_library_execution_error ();
+    }
+}
+
+extern "C" void
+octave_jit_ginvalid_index (void)
+{
+  try
+    {
+      gripe_invalid_index ();
+    }
+  catch (const octave_execution_exception&)
+    {
+      gripe_library_execution_error ();
+    }
+}
+
+extern "C" void
+octave_jit_gindex_range (int nd, int dim, octave_idx_type iext,
+                         octave_idx_type ext)
+{
+  try
+    {
+      gripe_index_out_of_range (nd, dim, iext, ext);
+    }
+  catch (const octave_execution_exception&)
+    {
+      gripe_library_execution_error ();
+    }
+}
+
+extern "C" void
+octave_jit_paren_subsasgn_impl (jit_matrix *mat, octave_idx_type index,
+                                double value)
+{
+  NDArray *array = mat->array;
+  if (array->nelem () < index)
+    array->resize1 (index);
+
+  double *data = array->fortran_vec ();
+  data[index - 1] = value;
+
+  mat->update ();
+}
+
+extern "C" void
+octave_jit_paren_subsasgn_matrix_range (jit_matrix *result, jit_matrix *mat,
+                                        jit_range *index, double value)
+{
+  NDArray *array = mat->array;
+  bool done = false;
+
+  // optimize for the simple case (no resizing and no errors)
+  if (*array->jit_ref_count () == 1
+      && index->all_elements_are_ints ())
+    {
+      // this code is similar to idx_vector::fill, but we avoid allocating an
+      // idx_vector and its associated rep
+      octave_idx_type start = static_cast<octave_idx_type> (index->base) - 1;
+      octave_idx_type step = static_cast<octave_idx_type> (index->inc);
+      octave_idx_type nelem = index->nelem;
+      octave_idx_type final = start + nelem * step;
+      if (step < 0)
+        {
+          step = -step;
+          std::swap (final, start);
+        }
+
+      if (start >= 0 && final < mat->slice_len)
+        {
+          done = true;
+
+          double *data = array->jit_slice_data ();
+          if (step == 1)
+            std::fill (data + start, data + start + nelem, value);
+          else
+            {
+              for (octave_idx_type i = start; i < final; i += step)
+                data[i] = value;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+  if (! done)
+    {
+      idx_vector idx (*index);
+      NDArray avalue (dim_vector (1, 1));
+      avalue.xelem (0) = value;
+      array->assign (idx, avalue);
+    }
+
+  result->update (array);
+}
+
+extern "C" Complex
+octave_jit_complex_div (Complex lhs, Complex rhs)
+{
+  // see src/OPERATORS/op-cs-cs.cc
+  if (rhs == 0.0)
+    gripe_divide_by_zero ();
+
+  return lhs / rhs;
+}
+
+// FIXME: CP form src/xpow.cc
+static inline int
+xisint (double x)
+{
+  return (D_NINT (x) == x
+          && ((x >= 0 && x < INT_MAX)
+              || (x <= 0 && x > INT_MIN)));
+}
+
+extern "C" Complex
+octave_jit_pow_scalar_scalar (double lhs, double rhs)
+{
+  // FIXME: almost CP from src/xpow.cc
+  if (lhs < 0.0 && ! xisint (rhs))
+    return std::pow (Complex (lhs), rhs);
+  return std::pow (lhs, rhs);
+}
+
+extern "C" Complex
+octave_jit_pow_complex_complex (Complex lhs, Complex rhs)
+{
+  if (lhs.imag () == 0 && rhs.imag () == 0)
+    return octave_jit_pow_scalar_scalar (lhs.real (), rhs.real ());
+  return std::pow (lhs, rhs);
+}
+
+extern "C" Complex
+octave_jit_pow_complex_scalar (Complex lhs, double rhs)
+{
+  if (lhs.imag () == 0)
+    return octave_jit_pow_scalar_scalar (lhs.real (), rhs);
+  return std::pow (lhs, rhs);
+}
+
+extern "C" Complex
+octave_jit_pow_scalar_complex (double lhs, Complex rhs)
+{
+  if (rhs.imag () == 0)
+    return octave_jit_pow_scalar_scalar (lhs, rhs.real ());
+  return std::pow (lhs, rhs);
+}
+
+extern "C" void
+octave_jit_print_matrix (jit_matrix *m)
+{
+  std::cout << *m << std::endl;
+}
+
+static void
+gripe_bad_result (void)
+{
+  error ("incorrect type information given to the JIT compiler");
+}
+
+// FIXME: Add support for multiple outputs
+extern "C" octave_base_value *
+octave_jit_call (octave_builtin::fcn fn, size_t nargin,
+                 octave_base_value **argin, jit_type *result_type)
+{
+  octave_value_list ovl (nargin);
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < nargin; ++i)
+    ovl.xelem (i) = octave_value (argin[i]);
+
+  ovl = fn (ovl, 1);
+
+  // These type checks are not strictly required, but I'm guessing that
+  // incorrect types will be entered on occasion. This will be very difficult to
+  // debug unless we do the sanity check here.
+  if (result_type)
+    {
+      if (ovl.length () != 1)
+        {
+          gripe_bad_result ();
+          return 0;
+        }
+
+      octave_value& result = ovl.xelem (0);
+      jit_type *jtype = jit_typeinfo::join (jit_typeinfo::type_of (result),
+                                            result_type);
+      if (jtype != result_type)
+        {
+          gripe_bad_result ();
+          return 0;
+        }
+
+      octave_base_value *ret = result.internal_rep ();
+      ret->grab ();
+      return ret;
+    }
+
+  if (! (ovl.length () == 0
+         || (ovl.length () == 1 && ovl.xelem (0).is_undefined ())))
+    gripe_bad_result ();
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+// -------------------- jit_range --------------------
+bool
+jit_range::all_elements_are_ints () const
+{
+  Range r (*this);
+  return r.all_elements_are_ints ();
+}
+
+std::ostream&
+operator<< (std::ostream& os, const jit_range& rng)
+{
+  return os << "Range[" << rng.base << ", " << rng.limit << ", " << rng.inc
+            << ", " << rng.nelem << "]";
+}
+
+// -------------------- jit_matrix --------------------
+
+std::ostream&
+operator<< (std::ostream& os, const jit_matrix& mat)
+{
+  return os << "Matrix[" << mat.ref_count << ", " << mat.slice_data << ", "
+            << mat.slice_len << ", " << mat.dimensions << ", "
+            << mat.array << "]";
+}
+
+// -------------------- jit_type --------------------
+jit_type::jit_type (const std::string& aname, jit_type *aparent,
+                    llvm::Type *allvm_type, int aid) :
+  mname (aname), mparent (aparent), llvm_type (allvm_type), mid (aid),
+  mdepth (aparent ? aparent->mdepth + 1 : 0)
+{
+  std::memset (msret, 0, sizeof (msret));
+  std::memset (mpointer_arg, 0, sizeof (mpointer_arg));
+  std::memset (mpack, 0, sizeof (mpack));
+  std::memset (munpack, 0, sizeof (munpack));
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < jit_convention::length; ++i)
+    mpacked_type[i] = llvm_type;
+}
+
+llvm::Type *
+jit_type::to_llvm_arg (void) const
+{
+  return llvm_type ? llvm_type->getPointerTo () : 0;
+}
+
+// -------------------- jit_function --------------------
+jit_function::jit_function () : module (0), llvm_function (0), mresult (0),
+                                call_conv (jit_convention::length),
+                                mcan_error (false)
+{}
+
+jit_function::jit_function (llvm::Module *amodule,
+                            jit_convention::type acall_conv,
+                            const llvm::Twine& aname, jit_type *aresult,
+                            const std::vector<jit_type *>& aargs)
+  : module (amodule), mresult (aresult), args (aargs), call_conv (acall_conv),
+    mcan_error (false)
+{
+  llvm::SmallVector<llvm::Type *, 15> llvm_args;
+
+  llvm::Type *rtype = llvm::Type::getVoidTy (context);
+  if (mresult)
+    {
+      rtype = mresult->packed_type (call_conv);
+      if (sret ())
+        {
+          llvm_args.push_back (rtype->getPointerTo ());
+          rtype = llvm::Type::getVoidTy (context);
+        }
+    }
+
+  for (std::vector<jit_type *>::const_iterator iter = args.begin ();
+       iter != args.end (); ++iter)
+    {
+      jit_type *ty = *iter;
+      assert (ty);
+      llvm::Type *argty = ty->packed_type (call_conv);
+      if (ty->pointer_arg (call_conv))
+        argty = argty->getPointerTo ();
+
+      llvm_args.push_back (argty);
+    }
+
+  // we mark all functinos as external linkage because this prevents llvm
+  // from getting rid of always inline functions
+  llvm::FunctionType *ft = llvm::FunctionType::get (rtype, llvm_args, false);
+  llvm_function = llvm::Function::Create (ft, llvm::Function::ExternalLinkage,
+                                          aname, module);
+  if (call_conv == jit_convention::internal)
+    llvm_function->addFnAttr (llvm::Attribute::AlwaysInline);
+}
+
+jit_function::jit_function (const jit_function& fn, jit_type *aresult,
+                            const std::vector<jit_type *>& aargs)
+  : module (fn.module), llvm_function (fn.llvm_function), mresult (aresult),
+    args (aargs), call_conv (fn.call_conv), mcan_error (fn.mcan_error)
+{
+}
+
+jit_function::jit_function (const jit_function& fn)
+  : module (fn.module), llvm_function (fn.llvm_function), mresult (fn.mresult),
+    args (fn.args), call_conv (fn.call_conv), mcan_error (fn.mcan_error)
+{}
+
+std::string
+jit_function::name (void) const
+{
+  return llvm_function->getName ();
+}
+
+llvm::BasicBlock *
+jit_function::new_block (const std::string& aname,
+                         llvm::BasicBlock *insert_before)
+{
+  return llvm::BasicBlock::Create (context, aname, llvm_function,
+                                   insert_before);
+}
+
+llvm::Value *
+jit_function::call (llvm::IRBuilderD& builder,
+                    const std::vector<jit_value *>& in_args) const
+{
+  assert (in_args.size () == args.size ());
+
+  std::vector<llvm::Value *> llvm_args (args.size ());
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < in_args.size (); ++i)
+    llvm_args[i] = in_args[i]->to_llvm ();
+
+  return call (builder, llvm_args);
+}
+
+llvm::Value *
+jit_function::call (llvm::IRBuilderD& builder,
+                    const std::vector<llvm::Value *>& in_args) const
+{
+  assert (valid ());
+  assert (in_args.size () == args.size ());
+  llvm::Function *stacksave
+    = llvm::Intrinsic::getDeclaration (module, llvm::Intrinsic::stacksave);
+  llvm::SmallVector<llvm::Value *, 10> llvm_args;
+  llvm_args.reserve (in_args.size () + sret ());
+
+  llvm::Value *sret_mem = 0;
+  llvm::Value *saved_stack = 0;
+  if (sret ())
+    {
+      saved_stack = builder.CreateCall (stacksave);
+      sret_mem = builder.CreateAlloca (mresult->packed_type (call_conv));
+      llvm_args.push_back (sret_mem);
+    }
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < in_args.size (); ++i)
+    {
+      llvm::Value *arg = in_args[i];
+      jit_type::convert_fn convert = args[i]->pack (call_conv);
+      if (convert)
+        arg = convert (builder, arg);
+
+      if (args[i]->pointer_arg (call_conv))
+        {
+          if (! saved_stack)
+            saved_stack = builder.CreateCall (stacksave);
+
+          arg = builder.CreateAlloca (args[i]->to_llvm ());
+          builder.CreateStore (in_args[i], arg);
+        }
+
+      llvm_args.push_back (arg);
+    }
+
+  llvm::Value *ret = builder.CreateCall (llvm_function, llvm_args);
+  if (sret_mem)
+    ret = builder.CreateLoad (sret_mem);
+
+  if (mresult)
+    {
+      jit_type::convert_fn unpack = mresult->unpack (call_conv);
+      if (unpack)
+        ret = unpack (builder, ret);
+    }
+
+  if (saved_stack)
+    {
+      llvm::Function *stackrestore
+        = llvm::Intrinsic::getDeclaration (module,
+                                           llvm::Intrinsic::stackrestore);
+      builder.CreateCall (stackrestore, saved_stack);
+    }
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
+llvm::Value *
+jit_function::argument (llvm::IRBuilderD& builder, size_t idx) const
+{
+  assert (idx < args.size ());
+
+  // FIXME: We should be treating arguments like a list, not a vector. Shouldn't
+  // matter much for now, as the number of arguments shouldn't be much bigger
+  // than 4
+  llvm::Function::arg_iterator iter = llvm_function->arg_begin ();
+  if (sret ())
+    ++iter;
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < idx; ++i, ++iter);
+
+  if (args[idx]->pointer_arg (call_conv))
+    return builder.CreateLoad (iter);
+
+  return iter;
+}
+
+void
+jit_function::do_return (llvm::IRBuilderD& builder, llvm::Value *rval)
+{
+  assert (! rval == ! mresult);
+
+  if (rval)
+    {
+      jit_type::convert_fn convert = mresult->pack (call_conv);
+      if (convert)
+        rval = convert (builder, rval);
+
+      if (sret ())
+        builder.CreateStore (rval, llvm_function->arg_begin ());
+      else
+        builder.CreateRet (rval);
+    }
+  else
+    builder.CreateRetVoid ();
+
+  llvm::verifyFunction (*llvm_function);
+}
+
+std::ostream&
+operator<< (std::ostream& os, const jit_function& fn)
+{
+  llvm::Function *lfn = fn.to_llvm ();
+  os << "jit_function: cc=" << fn.call_conv;
+  llvm::raw_os_ostream llvm_out (os);
+  lfn->print (llvm_out);
+  llvm_out.flush ();
+  return os;
+}
+
+// -------------------- jit_operation --------------------
+void
+jit_operation::add_overload (const jit_function& func,
+                            const std::vector<jit_type*>& args)
+{
+  if (args.size () >= overloads.size ())
+    overloads.resize (args.size () + 1);
+
+  Array<jit_function>& over = overloads[args.size ()];
+  dim_vector dv (over.dims ());
+  Array<octave_idx_type> idx = to_idx (args);
+  bool must_resize = false;
+
+  if (dv.length () != idx.numel ())
+    {
+      dv.resize (idx.numel ());
+      must_resize = true;
+    }
+
+  for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < dv.length (); ++i)
+    if (dv(i) <= idx(i))
+      {
+        must_resize = true;
+        dv(i) = idx(i) + 1;
+      }
+
+  if (must_resize)
+    over.resize (dv);
+
+  over(idx) = func;
+}
+
+const jit_function&
+jit_operation::overload (const std::vector<jit_type*>& types) const
+{
+  // FIXME: We should search for the next best overload on failure
+  static jit_function null_overload;
+  if (types.size () >= overloads.size ())
+    return null_overload;
+
+  for (size_t i  =0; i < types.size (); ++i)
+    if (! types[i])
+      return null_overload;
+
+  const Array<jit_function>& over = overloads[types.size ()];
+  dim_vector dv (over.dims ());
+  Array<octave_idx_type> idx = to_idx (types);
+  for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < dv.length (); ++i)
+    if (idx(i) >= dv(i))
+      return null_overload;
+
+  return over(idx);
+}
+
+Array<octave_idx_type>
+jit_operation::to_idx (const std::vector<jit_type*>& types) const
+{
+  octave_idx_type numel = types.size ();
+  if (numel == 1)
+    numel = 2;
+
+  Array<octave_idx_type> idx (dim_vector (1, numel));
+  for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < static_cast<octave_idx_type> (types.size ());
+       ++i)
+    idx(i) = types[i]->type_id ();
+
+  if (types.size () == 1)
+    {
+      idx(1) = idx(0);
+      idx(0) = 0;
+    }
+
+  return idx;
+}
+
+// -------------------- jit_typeinfo --------------------
+void
+jit_typeinfo::initialize (llvm::Module *m, llvm::ExecutionEngine *e)
+{
+  new jit_typeinfo (m, e);
+}
+
+jit_typeinfo::jit_typeinfo (llvm::Module *m, llvm::ExecutionEngine *e)
+  : module (m), engine (e), next_id (0),
+    builder (*new llvm::IRBuilderD (context))
+{
+  instance = this;
+
+  // FIXME: We should be registering types like in octave_value_typeinfo
+  llvm::Type *any_t = llvm::StructType::create (context, "octave_base_value");
+  any_t = any_t->getPointerTo ();
+
+  llvm::Type *scalar_t = llvm::Type::getDoubleTy (context);
+  llvm::Type *bool_t = llvm::Type::getInt1Ty (context);
+  llvm::Type *string_t = llvm::Type::getInt8Ty (context);
+  string_t = string_t->getPointerTo ();
+  llvm::Type *index_t = llvm::Type::getIntNTy (context,
+                                               sizeof(octave_idx_type) * 8);
+
+  llvm::StructType *range_t = llvm::StructType::create (context, "range");
+  std::vector<llvm::Type *> range_contents (4, scalar_t);
+  range_contents[3] = index_t;
+  range_t->setBody (range_contents);
+
+  llvm::Type *refcount_t = llvm::Type::getIntNTy (context, sizeof(int) * 8);
+
+  llvm::StructType *matrix_t = llvm::StructType::create (context, "matrix");
+  llvm::Type *matrix_contents[5];
+  matrix_contents[0] = refcount_t->getPointerTo ();
+  matrix_contents[1] = scalar_t->getPointerTo ();
+  matrix_contents[2] = index_t;
+  matrix_contents[3] = index_t->getPointerTo ();
+  matrix_contents[4] = string_t;
+  matrix_t->setBody (llvm::makeArrayRef (matrix_contents, 5));
+
+  llvm::Type *complex_t = llvm::VectorType::get (scalar_t, 2);
+
+  // complex_ret is what is passed to C functions in order to get calling
+  // convention right
+  complex_ret = llvm::StructType::create (context, "complex_ret");
+  llvm::Type *complex_ret_contents[] = {scalar_t, scalar_t};
+  complex_ret->setBody (complex_ret_contents);
+
+  // create types
+  any = new_type ("any", 0, any_t);
+  matrix = new_type ("matrix", any, matrix_t);
+  complex = new_type ("complex", any, complex_t);
+  scalar = new_type ("scalar", complex, scalar_t);
+  range = new_type ("range", any, range_t);
+  string = new_type ("string", any, string_t);
+  boolean = new_type ("bool", any, bool_t);
+  index = new_type ("index", any, index_t);
+
+  create_int (8);
+  create_int (16);
+  create_int (32);
+  create_int (64);
+
+  casts.resize (next_id + 1);
+  identities.resize (next_id + 1);
+
+  // specify calling conventions
+  // FIXME: We should detect architecture and do something sane based on that
+  // here we assume x86 or x86_64
+  matrix->mark_sret ();
+  matrix->mark_pointer_arg ();
+
+  range->mark_sret ();
+  range->mark_pointer_arg ();
+
+  complex->set_pack (jit_convention::external, &jit_typeinfo::pack_complex);
+  complex->set_unpack (jit_convention::external, &jit_typeinfo::unpack_complex);
+  complex->set_packed_type (jit_convention::external, complex_ret);
+
+  if (sizeof (void *) == 4)
+    complex->mark_sret ();
+
+  // bind global variables
+  lerror_state = new llvm::GlobalVariable (*module, bool_t, false,
+                                           llvm::GlobalValue::ExternalLinkage,
+                                           0, "error_state");
+  engine->addGlobalMapping (lerror_state,
+                            reinterpret_cast<void *> (&error_state));
+
+  // any with anything is an any op
+  jit_function fn;
+  jit_type *binary_op_type = intN (sizeof (octave_value::binary_op) * 8);
+  llvm::Type *llvm_bo_type = binary_op_type->to_llvm ();
+  jit_function any_binary = create_function (jit_convention::external,
+                                             "octave_jit_binary_any_any",
+                                             any, binary_op_type, any, any);
+  any_binary.mark_can_error ();
+  binary_ops.resize (octave_value::num_binary_ops);
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < octave_value::num_binary_ops; ++i)
+    {
+      octave_value::binary_op op = static_cast<octave_value::binary_op> (i);
+      std::string op_name = octave_value::binary_op_as_string (op);
+      binary_ops[i].stash_name ("binary" + op_name);
+    }
+
+  for (int op = 0; op < octave_value::num_binary_ops; ++op)
+    {
+      llvm::Twine fn_name ("octave_jit_binary_any_any_");
+      fn_name = fn_name + llvm::Twine (op);
+
+      fn = create_function (jit_convention::internal, fn_name, any, any, any);
+      fn.mark_can_error ();
+      llvm::BasicBlock *block = fn.new_block ();
+      builder.SetInsertPoint (block);
+      llvm::APInt op_int(sizeof (octave_value::binary_op) * 8, op,
+                         std::numeric_limits<octave_value::binary_op>::is_signed);
+      llvm::Value *op_as_llvm = llvm::ConstantInt::get (llvm_bo_type, op_int);
+      llvm::Value *ret = any_binary.call (builder, op_as_llvm,
+                                          fn.argument (builder, 0),
+                                          fn.argument (builder, 1));
+      fn.do_return (builder, ret);
+      binary_ops[op].add_overload (fn);
+    }
+
+  // grab any
+  fn = create_function (jit_convention::external, "octave_jit_grab_any", any,
+                        any);
+  grab_fn.add_overload (fn);
+  grab_fn.stash_name ("grab");
+
+  // grab matrix
+  fn = create_function (jit_convention::external, "octave_jit_grab_matrix",
+                        matrix, matrix);
+  grab_fn.add_overload (fn);
+
+  // release any
+  fn = create_function (jit_convention::external, "octave_jit_release_any", 0,
+                        any);
+  release_fn.add_overload (fn);
+  release_fn.stash_name ("release");
+
+  // release matrix
+  fn = create_function (jit_convention::external, "octave_jit_release_matrix",
+                        0, matrix);
+  release_fn.add_overload (fn);
+
+  // release scalar
+  fn = create_identity (scalar);
+  release_fn.add_overload (fn);
+
+  // release complex
+  fn = create_identity (complex);
+  release_fn.add_overload (fn);
+
+  // release index
+  fn = create_identity (index);
+  release_fn.add_overload (fn);
+
+  // now for binary scalar operations
+  // FIXME: Finish all operations
+  add_binary_op (scalar, octave_value::op_add, llvm::Instruction::FAdd);
+  add_binary_op (scalar, octave_value::op_sub, llvm::Instruction::FSub);
+  add_binary_op (scalar, octave_value::op_mul, llvm::Instruction::FMul);
+  add_binary_op (scalar, octave_value::op_el_mul, llvm::Instruction::FMul);
+
+  add_binary_fcmp (scalar, octave_value::op_lt, llvm::CmpInst::FCMP_ULT);
+  add_binary_fcmp (scalar, octave_value::op_le, llvm::CmpInst::FCMP_ULE);
+  add_binary_fcmp (scalar, octave_value::op_eq, llvm::CmpInst::FCMP_UEQ);
+  add_binary_fcmp (scalar, octave_value::op_ge, llvm::CmpInst::FCMP_UGE);
+  add_binary_fcmp (scalar, octave_value::op_gt, llvm::CmpInst::FCMP_UGT);
+  add_binary_fcmp (scalar, octave_value::op_ne, llvm::CmpInst::FCMP_UNE);
+
+  jit_function gripe_div0 = create_function (jit_convention::external,
+                                             "gripe_divide_by_zero", 0);
+  gripe_div0.mark_can_error ();
+
+  // divide is annoying because it might error
+  fn = create_function (jit_convention::internal,
+                        "octave_jit_div_scalar_scalar", scalar, scalar, scalar);
+  fn.mark_can_error ();
+
+  llvm::BasicBlock *body = fn.new_block ();
+  builder.SetInsertPoint (body);
+  {
+    llvm::BasicBlock *warn_block = fn.new_block ("warn");
+    llvm::BasicBlock *normal_block = fn.new_block ("normal");
+
+    llvm::Value *zero = llvm::ConstantFP::get (scalar_t, 0);
+    llvm::Value *check = builder.CreateFCmpUEQ (zero, fn.argument (builder, 0));
+    builder.CreateCondBr (check, warn_block, normal_block);
+
+    builder.SetInsertPoint (warn_block);
+    gripe_div0.call (builder);
+    builder.CreateBr (normal_block);
+
+    builder.SetInsertPoint (normal_block);
+    llvm::Value *ret = builder.CreateFDiv (fn.argument (builder, 0),
+                                           fn.argument (builder, 1));
+    fn.do_return (builder, ret);
+  }
+  binary_ops[octave_value::op_div].add_overload (fn);
+  binary_ops[octave_value::op_el_div].add_overload (fn);
+
+  // ldiv is the same as div with the operators reversed
+  fn = mirror_binary (fn);
+  binary_ops[octave_value::op_ldiv].add_overload (fn);
+  binary_ops[octave_value::op_el_ldiv].add_overload (fn);
+
+  // In general, the result of scalar ^ scalar is a complex number. We might be
+  // able to improve on this if we keep track of the range of values varaibles
+  // can take on.
+  fn = create_function (jit_convention::external,
+                        "octave_jit_pow_scalar_scalar", complex, scalar,
+                        scalar);
+  binary_ops[octave_value::op_pow].add_overload (fn);
+  binary_ops[octave_value::op_el_pow].add_overload (fn);
+
+  // now for binary complex operations
+  add_binary_op (complex, octave_value::op_add, llvm::Instruction::FAdd);
+  add_binary_op (complex, octave_value::op_sub, llvm::Instruction::FSub);
+
+  fn = create_function (jit_convention::internal,
+                        "octave_jit_*_complex_complex", complex, complex,
+                        complex);
+  body = fn.new_block ();
+  builder.SetInsertPoint (body);
+  {
+    // (x0*x1 - y0*y1, x0*y1 + y0*x1) = (x0,y0) * (x1,y1)
+    // We compute this in one vectorized multiplication, a subtraction, and an
+    // addition.
+    llvm::Value *lhs = fn.argument (builder, 0);
+    llvm::Value *rhs = fn.argument (builder, 1);
+
+    // FIXME: We need a better way of doing this, working with llvm's IR
+    // directly is sort of a pain.
+    llvm::Value *zero = builder.getInt32 (0);
+    llvm::Value *one = builder.getInt32 (1);
+    llvm::Value *two = builder.getInt32 (2);
+    llvm::Value *three = builder.getInt32 (3);
+
+    llvm::Type *vec4 = llvm::VectorType::get (scalar_t, 4);
+    llvm::Value *mlhs = llvm::UndefValue::get (vec4);
+    llvm::Value *mrhs = mlhs;
+
+    llvm::Value *temp = complex_real (lhs);
+    mlhs = builder.CreateInsertElement (mlhs, temp, zero);
+    mlhs = builder.CreateInsertElement (mlhs, temp, two);
+    temp = complex_imag (lhs);
+    mlhs = builder.CreateInsertElement (mlhs, temp, one);
+    mlhs = builder.CreateInsertElement (mlhs, temp, three);
+
+    temp = complex_real (rhs);
+    mrhs = builder.CreateInsertElement (mrhs, temp, zero);
+    mrhs = builder.CreateInsertElement (mrhs, temp, three);
+    temp = complex_imag (rhs);
+    mrhs = builder.CreateInsertElement (mrhs, temp, one);
+    mrhs = builder.CreateInsertElement (mrhs, temp, two);
+
+    llvm::Value *mres = builder.CreateFMul (mlhs, mrhs);
+    llvm::Value *tlhs = builder.CreateExtractElement (mres, zero);
+    llvm::Value *trhs = builder.CreateExtractElement (mres, one);
+    llvm::Value *ret_real = builder.CreateFSub (tlhs, trhs);
+
+    tlhs = builder.CreateExtractElement (mres, two);
+    trhs = builder.CreateExtractElement (mres, three);
+    llvm::Value *ret_imag = builder.CreateFAdd (tlhs, trhs);
+    fn.do_return (builder, complex_new (ret_real, ret_imag));
+  }
+
+  binary_ops[octave_value::op_mul].add_overload (fn);
+  binary_ops[octave_value::op_el_mul].add_overload (fn);
+
+  jit_function complex_div = create_function (jit_convention::external,
+                                              "octave_jit_complex_div",
+                                              complex, complex, complex);
+  complex_div.mark_can_error ();
+  binary_ops[octave_value::op_div].add_overload (fn);
+  binary_ops[octave_value::op_ldiv].add_overload (fn);
+
+  fn = mirror_binary (complex_div);
+  binary_ops[octave_value::op_ldiv].add_overload (fn);
+  binary_ops[octave_value::op_el_ldiv].add_overload (fn);
+
+  fn = create_function (jit_convention::external,
+                        "octave_jit_pow_complex_complex", complex, complex,
+                        complex);
+  binary_ops[octave_value::op_pow].add_overload (fn);
+  binary_ops[octave_value::op_el_pow].add_overload (fn);
+
+  fn = create_function (jit_convention::internal,
+                        "octave_jit_*_scalar_complex", complex, scalar,
+                        complex);
+  jit_function mul_scalar_complex = fn;
+  body = fn.new_block ();
+  builder.SetInsertPoint (body);
+  {
+    llvm::Value *lhs = fn.argument (builder, 0);
+    llvm::Value *tlhs = complex_new (lhs, lhs);
+    llvm::Value *rhs = fn.argument (builder, 1);
+    fn.do_return (builder, builder.CreateFMul (tlhs, rhs));
+  }
+  binary_ops[octave_value::op_mul].add_overload (fn);
+  binary_ops[octave_value::op_el_mul].add_overload (fn);
+
+
+  fn = mirror_binary (mul_scalar_complex);
+  binary_ops[octave_value::op_mul].add_overload (fn);
+  binary_ops[octave_value::op_el_mul].add_overload (fn);
+
+  fn = create_function (jit_convention::internal, "octave_jit_+_scalar_complex",
+                        complex, scalar, complex);
+  body = fn.new_block ();
+  builder.SetInsertPoint (body);
+  {
+    llvm::Value *lhs = fn.argument (builder, 0);
+    llvm::Value *rhs = fn.argument (builder, 1);
+    llvm::Value *real = builder.CreateFAdd (lhs, complex_real (rhs));
+    fn.do_return (builder, complex_real (rhs, real));
+  }
+  binary_ops[octave_value::op_add].add_overload (fn);
+
+  fn = mirror_binary (fn);
+  binary_ops[octave_value::op_add].add_overload (fn);
+
+  fn = create_function (jit_convention::internal, "octave_jit_-_complex_scalar",
+                        complex, complex, scalar);
+  body = fn.new_block ();
+  builder.SetInsertPoint (body);
+  {
+    llvm::Value *lhs = fn.argument (builder, 0);
+    llvm::Value *rhs = fn.argument (builder, 1);
+    llvm::Value *real = builder.CreateFSub (complex_real (lhs), rhs);
+    fn.do_return (builder, complex_real (lhs, real));
+  }
+  binary_ops[octave_value::op_sub].add_overload (fn);
+
+  fn = create_function (jit_convention::internal, "octave_jit_-_scalar_complex",
+                        complex, scalar, complex);
+  body = fn.new_block ();
+  builder.SetInsertPoint (body);
+  {
+    llvm::Value *lhs = fn.argument (builder, 0);
+    llvm::Value *rhs = fn.argument (builder, 1);
+    llvm::Value *real = builder.CreateFSub (lhs, complex_real (rhs));
+    fn.do_return (builder, complex_real (rhs, real));
+  }
+  binary_ops[octave_value::op_sub].add_overload (fn);
+
+  fn = create_function (jit_convention::external,
+                        "octave_jit_pow_scalar_complex", complex, scalar,
+                        complex);
+  binary_ops[octave_value::op_pow].add_overload (fn);
+  binary_ops[octave_value::op_el_pow].add_overload (fn);
+
+  fn = create_function (jit_convention::external,
+                        "octave_jit_pow_complex_scalar", complex, complex,
+                        scalar);
+  binary_ops[octave_value::op_pow].add_overload (fn);
+  binary_ops[octave_value::op_el_pow].add_overload (fn);
+
+  // now for binary index operators
+  add_binary_op (index, octave_value::op_add, llvm::Instruction::Add);
+
+  // and binary bool operators
+  add_binary_op (boolean, octave_value::op_el_or, llvm::Instruction::Or);
+  add_binary_op (boolean, octave_value::op_el_and, llvm::Instruction::And);
+
+  // now for printing functions
+  print_fn.stash_name ("print");
+  add_print (any);
+  add_print (scalar);
+
+  // initialize for loop
+  for_init_fn.stash_name ("for_init");
+
+  fn = create_function (jit_convention::internal, "octave_jit_for_range_init",
+                        index, range);
+  body = fn.new_block ();
+  builder.SetInsertPoint (body);
+  {
+    llvm::Value *zero = llvm::ConstantInt::get (index_t, 0);
+    fn.do_return (builder, zero);
+  }
+  for_init_fn.add_overload (fn);
+
+  // bounds check for for loop
+  for_check_fn.stash_name ("for_check");
+
+  fn = create_function (jit_convention::internal, "octave_jit_for_range_check",
+                        boolean, range, index);
+  body = fn.new_block ();
+  builder.SetInsertPoint (body);
+  {
+    llvm::Value *nelem
+      = builder.CreateExtractValue (fn.argument (builder, 0), 3);
+    llvm::Value *idx = fn.argument (builder, 1);
+    llvm::Value *ret = builder.CreateICmpULT (idx, nelem);
+    fn.do_return (builder, ret);
+  }
+  for_check_fn.add_overload (fn);
+
+  // index variabe for for loop
+  for_index_fn.stash_name ("for_index");
+
+  fn = create_function (jit_convention::internal, "octave_jit_for_range_idx",
+                        scalar, range, index);
+  body = fn.new_block ();
+  builder.SetInsertPoint (body);
+  {
+    llvm::Value *idx = fn.argument (builder, 1);
+    llvm::Value *didx = builder.CreateSIToFP (idx, scalar_t);
+    llvm::Value *rng = fn.argument (builder, 0);
+    llvm::Value *base = builder.CreateExtractValue (rng, 0);
+    llvm::Value *inc = builder.CreateExtractValue (rng, 2);
+
+    llvm::Value *ret = builder.CreateFMul (didx, inc);
+    ret = builder.CreateFAdd (base, ret);
+    fn.do_return (builder, ret);
+  }
+  for_index_fn.add_overload (fn);
+
+  // logically true
+  logically_true_fn.stash_name ("logically_true");
+
+  jit_function gripe_nantl
+    = create_function (jit_convention::external,
+                       "octave_jit_gripe_nan_to_logical_conversion", 0);
+  gripe_nantl.mark_can_error ();
+
+  fn = create_function (jit_convention::internal,
+                        "octave_jit_logically_true_scalar", boolean, scalar);
+  fn.mark_can_error ();
+
+  body = fn.new_block ();
+  builder.SetInsertPoint (body);
+  {
+    llvm::BasicBlock *error_block = fn.new_block ("error");
+    llvm::BasicBlock *normal_block = fn.new_block ("normal");
+
+    llvm::Value *check = builder.CreateFCmpUNE (fn.argument (builder, 0),
+                                                fn.argument (builder, 0));
+    builder.CreateCondBr (check, error_block, normal_block);
+
+    builder.SetInsertPoint (error_block);
+    gripe_nantl.call (builder);
+    builder.CreateBr (normal_block);
+    builder.SetInsertPoint (normal_block);
+
+    llvm::Value *zero = llvm::ConstantFP::get (scalar_t, 0);
+    llvm::Value *ret = builder.CreateFCmpONE (fn.argument (builder, 0), zero);
+    fn.do_return (builder, ret);
+  }
+  logically_true_fn.add_overload (fn);
+
+  // logically_true boolean
+  fn = create_identity (boolean);
+  logically_true_fn.add_overload (fn);
+
+  // make_range
+  // FIXME: May be benificial to implement all in LLVM
+  make_range_fn.stash_name ("make_range");
+  jit_function compute_nelem
+    = create_function (jit_convention::external, "octave_jit_compute_nelem",
+                       index, scalar, scalar, scalar);
+
+  fn = create_function (jit_convention::internal, "octave_jit_make_range",
+                        range, scalar, scalar, scalar);
+  body = fn.new_block ();
+  builder.SetInsertPoint (body);
+  {
+    llvm::Value *base = fn.argument (builder, 0);
+    llvm::Value *limit = fn.argument (builder, 1);
+    llvm::Value *inc = fn.argument (builder, 2);
+    llvm::Value *nelem = compute_nelem.call (builder, base, limit, inc);
+
+    llvm::Value *dzero = llvm::ConstantFP::get (scalar_t, 0);
+    llvm::Value *izero = llvm::ConstantInt::get (index_t, 0);
+    llvm::Value *rng = llvm::ConstantStruct::get (range_t, dzero, dzero, dzero,
+                                                  izero, NULL);
+    rng = builder.CreateInsertValue (rng, base, 0);
+    rng = builder.CreateInsertValue (rng, limit, 1);
+    rng = builder.CreateInsertValue (rng, inc, 2);
+    rng = builder.CreateInsertValue (rng, nelem, 3);
+    fn.do_return (builder, rng);
+  }
+  make_range_fn.add_overload (fn);
+
+  // paren_subsref
+  jit_type *jit_int = intN (sizeof (int) * 8);
+  llvm::Type *int_t = jit_int->to_llvm ();
+  jit_function ginvalid_index
+    = create_function (jit_convention::external, "octave_jit_ginvalid_index",
+                       0);
+  jit_function gindex_range = create_function (jit_convention::external,
+                                               "octave_jit_gindex_range",
+                                               0, jit_int, jit_int, index,
+                                               index);
+
+  fn = create_function (jit_convention::internal, "()subsref", scalar, matrix,
+                        scalar);
+  fn.mark_can_error ();
+
+  body = fn.new_block ();
+  builder.SetInsertPoint (body);
+  {
+    llvm::Value *one = llvm::ConstantInt::get (index_t, 1);
+    llvm::Value *ione;
+    if (index_t == int_t)
+      ione = one;
+    else
+      ione = llvm::ConstantInt::get (int_t, 1);
+
+    llvm::Value *undef = llvm::UndefValue::get (scalar_t);
+    llvm::Value *mat = fn.argument (builder, 0);
+    llvm::Value *idx = fn.argument (builder, 1);
+
+    // convert index to scalar to integer, and check index >= 1
+    llvm::Value *int_idx = builder.CreateFPToSI (idx, index_t);
+    llvm::Value *check_idx = builder.CreateSIToFP (int_idx, scalar_t);
+    llvm::Value *cond0 = builder.CreateFCmpUNE (idx, check_idx);
+    llvm::Value *cond1 = builder.CreateICmpSLT (int_idx, one);
+    llvm::Value *cond = builder.CreateOr (cond0, cond1);
+
+    llvm::BasicBlock *done = fn.new_block ("done");
+    llvm::BasicBlock *conv_error = fn.new_block ("conv_error", done);
+    llvm::BasicBlock *normal = fn.new_block ("normal", done);
+    builder.CreateCondBr (cond, conv_error, normal);
+
+    builder.SetInsertPoint (conv_error);
+    ginvalid_index.call (builder);
+    builder.CreateBr (done);
+
+    builder.SetInsertPoint (normal);
+    llvm::Value *len = builder.CreateExtractValue (mat,
+                                                   llvm::ArrayRef<unsigned> (2));
+    cond = builder.CreateICmpSGT (int_idx, len);
+
+
+    llvm::BasicBlock *bounds_error = fn.new_block ("bounds_error", done);
+    llvm::BasicBlock *success = fn.new_block ("success", done);
+    builder.CreateCondBr (cond, bounds_error, success);
+
+    builder.SetInsertPoint (bounds_error);
+    gindex_range.call (builder, ione, ione, int_idx, len);
+    builder.CreateBr (done);
+
+    builder.SetInsertPoint (success);
+    llvm::Value *data = builder.CreateExtractValue (mat,
+                                                    llvm::ArrayRef<unsigned> (1));
+    llvm::Value *gep = builder.CreateInBoundsGEP (data, int_idx);
+    llvm::Value *ret = builder.CreateLoad (gep);
+    builder.CreateBr (done);
+
+    builder.SetInsertPoint (done);
+
+    llvm::PHINode *merge = llvm::PHINode::Create (scalar_t, 3);
+    builder.Insert (merge);
+    merge->addIncoming (undef, conv_error);
+    merge->addIncoming (undef, bounds_error);
+    merge->addIncoming (ret, success);
+    fn.do_return (builder, merge);
+  }
+  paren_subsref_fn.add_overload (fn);
+
+  // paren subsasgn
+  paren_subsasgn_fn.stash_name ("()subsasgn");
+
+  jit_function resize_paren_subsasgn
+    = create_function (jit_convention::external,
+                       "octave_jit_paren_subsasgn_impl", matrix, index, scalar);
+  fn = create_function (jit_convention::internal, "octave_jit_paren_subsasgn",
+                        matrix, matrix, scalar, scalar);
+  fn.mark_can_error ();
+  body = fn.new_block ();
+  builder.SetInsertPoint (body);
+  {
+    llvm::Value *one = llvm::ConstantInt::get (index_t, 1);
+
+    llvm::Value *mat = fn.argument (builder, 0);
+    llvm::Value *idx = fn.argument (builder, 1);
+    llvm::Value *value = fn.argument (builder, 2);
+
+    llvm::Value *int_idx = builder.CreateFPToSI (idx, index_t);
+    llvm::Value *check_idx = builder.CreateSIToFP (int_idx, scalar_t);
+    llvm::Value *cond0 = builder.CreateFCmpUNE (idx, check_idx);
+    llvm::Value *cond1 = builder.CreateICmpSLT (int_idx, one);
+    llvm::Value *cond = builder.CreateOr (cond0, cond1);
+
+    llvm::BasicBlock *done = fn.new_block ("done");
+
+    llvm::BasicBlock *conv_error = fn.new_block ("conv_error", done);
+    llvm::BasicBlock *normal = fn.new_block ("normal", done);
+    builder.CreateCondBr (cond, conv_error, normal);
+    builder.SetInsertPoint (conv_error);
+    ginvalid_index.call (builder);
+    builder.CreateBr (done);
+
+    builder.SetInsertPoint (normal);
+    llvm::Value *len = builder.CreateExtractValue (mat,
+                                                   llvm::ArrayRef<unsigned> (2));
+    cond0 = builder.CreateICmpSGT (int_idx, len);
+
+    llvm::Value *rcount = builder.CreateExtractValue (mat, 0);
+    rcount = builder.CreateLoad (rcount);
+    cond1 = builder.CreateICmpSGT (rcount, one);
+    cond = builder.CreateOr (cond0, cond1);
+
+    llvm::BasicBlock *bounds_error = fn.new_block ("bounds_error", done);
+    llvm::BasicBlock *success = fn.new_block ("success", done);
+    builder.CreateCondBr (cond, bounds_error, success);
+
+    // resize on out of bounds access
+    builder.SetInsertPoint (bounds_error);
+    llvm::Value *resize_result = resize_paren_subsasgn.call (builder, int_idx,
+                                                             value);
+    builder.CreateBr (done);
+
+    builder.SetInsertPoint (success);
+    llvm::Value *data = builder.CreateExtractValue (mat,
+                                                    llvm::ArrayRef<unsigned> (1));
+    llvm::Value *gep = builder.CreateInBoundsGEP (data, int_idx);
+    builder.CreateStore (value, gep);
+    builder.CreateBr (done);
+
+    builder.SetInsertPoint (done);
+
+    llvm::PHINode *merge = llvm::PHINode::Create (matrix_t, 3);
+    builder.Insert (merge);
+    merge->addIncoming (mat, conv_error);
+    merge->addIncoming (resize_result, bounds_error);
+    merge->addIncoming (mat, success);
+    fn.do_return (builder, merge);
+  }
+  paren_subsasgn_fn.add_overload (fn);
+
+  fn = create_function (jit_convention::external,
+                        "octave_jit_paren_subsasgn_matrix_range", matrix,
+                        matrix, range, scalar);
+  fn.mark_can_error ();
+  paren_subsasgn_fn.add_overload (fn);
+
+  casts[any->type_id ()].stash_name ("(any)");
+  casts[scalar->type_id ()].stash_name ("(scalar)");
+  casts[complex->type_id ()].stash_name ("(complex)");
+  casts[matrix->type_id ()].stash_name ("(matrix)");
+
+  // cast any <- matrix
+  fn = create_function (jit_convention::external, "octave_jit_cast_any_matrix",
+                        any, matrix);
+  casts[any->type_id ()].add_overload (fn);
+
+  // cast matrix <- any
+  fn = create_function (jit_convention::external, "octave_jit_cast_matrix_any",
+                        matrix, any);
+  casts[matrix->type_id ()].add_overload (fn);
+
+  // cast any <- scalar
+  fn = create_function (jit_convention::external, "octave_jit_cast_any_scalar",
+                        any, scalar);
+  casts[any->type_id ()].add_overload (fn);
+
+  // cast scalar <- any
+  fn = create_function (jit_convention::external, "octave_jit_cast_scalar_any",
+                        scalar, any);
+  casts[scalar->type_id ()].add_overload (fn);
+
+  // cast any <- complex
+  fn = create_function (jit_convention::external, "octave_jit_cast_any_complex",
+                        any, complex);
+  casts[any->type_id ()].add_overload (fn);
+
+  // cast complex <- any
+  fn = create_function (jit_convention::external, "octave_jit_cast_complex_any",
+                        complex, any);
+  casts[complex->type_id ()].add_overload (fn);
+
+  // cast complex <- scalar
+  fn = create_function (jit_convention::internal,
+                        "octave_jit_cast_complex_scalar", complex, scalar);
+  body = fn.new_block ();
+  builder.SetInsertPoint (body);
+  {
+    llvm::Value *zero = llvm::ConstantFP::get (scalar_t, 0);
+    fn.do_return (builder, complex_new (fn.argument (builder, 0), zero));
+  }
+  casts[complex->type_id ()].add_overload (fn);
+
+  // cast scalar <- complex
+  fn = create_function (jit_convention::internal,
+                        "octave_jit_cast_scalar_complex", scalar, complex);
+  body = fn.new_block ();
+  builder.SetInsertPoint (body);
+  fn.do_return (builder, complex_real (fn.argument (builder, 0)));
+  casts[scalar->type_id ()].add_overload (fn);
+
+  // cast any <- any
+  fn = create_identity (any);
+  casts[any->type_id ()].add_overload (fn);
+
+  // cast scalar <- scalar
+  fn = create_identity (scalar);
+  casts[scalar->type_id ()].add_overload (fn);
+
+  // cast complex <- complex
+  fn = create_identity (complex);
+  casts[complex->type_id ()].add_overload (fn);
+
+  // -------------------- builtin functions --------------------
+  add_builtin ("#unknown_function");
+  unknown_function = builtins["#unknown_function"];
+
+  add_builtin ("sin");
+  register_intrinsic ("sin", llvm::Intrinsic::sin, scalar, scalar);
+  register_generic ("sin", matrix, matrix);
+
+  add_builtin ("cos");
+  register_intrinsic ("cos", llvm::Intrinsic::cos, scalar, scalar);
+  register_generic ("cos", matrix, matrix);
+
+  add_builtin ("exp");
+  register_intrinsic ("exp", llvm::Intrinsic::cos, scalar, scalar);
+  register_generic ("exp", matrix, matrix);
+
+  casts.resize (next_id + 1);
+  jit_function any_id = create_identity (any);
+  jit_function release_any = get_release (any);
+  std::vector<jit_type *> args;
+  args.resize (1);
+
+  for (std::map<std::string, jit_type *>::iterator iter = builtins.begin ();
+       iter != builtins.end (); ++iter)
+    {
+      jit_type *btype = iter->second;
+      args[0] = btype;
+
+      release_fn.add_overload (jit_function (release_any, 0, args));
+      casts[any->type_id ()].add_overload (jit_function (any_id, any, args));
+
+      args[0] = any;
+      casts[btype->type_id ()].add_overload (jit_function (any_id, btype,
+                                                           args));
+    }
+}
+
+void
+jit_typeinfo::add_print (jit_type *ty)
+{
+  std::stringstream name;
+  name << "octave_jit_print_" << ty->name ();
+  jit_function fn = create_function (jit_convention::external, name.str (), 0,
+                                     intN (8), ty);
+  print_fn.add_overload (fn);
+}
+
+// FIXME: cp between add_binary_op, add_binary_icmp, and add_binary_fcmp
+void
+jit_typeinfo::add_binary_op (jit_type *ty, int op, int llvm_op)
+{
+  std::stringstream fname;
+  octave_value::binary_op ov_op = static_cast<octave_value::binary_op>(op);
+  fname << "octave_jit_" << octave_value::binary_op_as_string (ov_op)
+        << "_" << ty->name ();
+
+  jit_function fn = create_function (jit_convention::internal, fname.str (),
+                                        ty, ty, ty);
+  llvm::BasicBlock *block = fn.new_block ();
+  builder.SetInsertPoint (block);
+  llvm::Instruction::BinaryOps temp
+    = static_cast<llvm::Instruction::BinaryOps>(llvm_op);
+
+  llvm::Value *ret = builder.CreateBinOp (temp, fn.argument (builder, 0),
+                                          fn.argument (builder, 1));
+  fn.do_return (builder, ret);
+  binary_ops[op].add_overload (fn);
+}
+
+void
+jit_typeinfo::add_binary_icmp (jit_type *ty, int op, int llvm_op)
+{
+  std::stringstream fname;
+  octave_value::binary_op ov_op = static_cast<octave_value::binary_op>(op);
+  fname << "octave_jit" << octave_value::binary_op_as_string (ov_op)
+        << "_" << ty->name ();
+
+  jit_function fn = create_function (jit_convention::internal, fname.str (),
+                                     boolean, ty, ty);
+  llvm::BasicBlock *block = fn.new_block ();
+  builder.SetInsertPoint (block);
+  llvm::CmpInst::Predicate temp
+    = static_cast<llvm::CmpInst::Predicate>(llvm_op);
+  llvm::Value *ret = builder.CreateICmp (temp, fn.argument (builder, 0),
+                                         fn.argument (builder, 1));
+  fn.do_return (builder, ret);
+  binary_ops[op].add_overload (fn);
+}
+
+void
+jit_typeinfo::add_binary_fcmp (jit_type *ty, int op, int llvm_op)
+{
+  std::stringstream fname;
+  octave_value::binary_op ov_op = static_cast<octave_value::binary_op>(op);
+  fname << "octave_jit" << octave_value::binary_op_as_string (ov_op)
+        << "_" << ty->name ();
+
+  jit_function fn = create_function (jit_convention::internal, fname.str (),
+                                     boolean, ty, ty);
+  llvm::BasicBlock *block = fn.new_block ();
+  builder.SetInsertPoint (block);
+  llvm::CmpInst::Predicate temp
+    = static_cast<llvm::CmpInst::Predicate>(llvm_op);
+  llvm::Value *ret = builder.CreateFCmp (temp, fn.argument (builder, 0),
+                                         fn.argument (builder, 1));
+  fn.do_return (builder, ret);
+  binary_ops[op].add_overload (fn);
+}
+
+jit_function
+jit_typeinfo::create_function (jit_convention::type cc, const llvm::Twine& name,
+                               jit_type *ret,
+                               const std::vector<jit_type *>& args)
+{
+  jit_function result (module, cc, name, ret, args);
+  return result;
+}
+
+jit_function
+jit_typeinfo::create_identity (jit_type *type)
+{
+  size_t id = type->type_id ();
+  if (id >= identities.size ())
+    identities.resize (id + 1);
+
+  if (! identities[id].valid ())
+    {
+      jit_function fn = create_function (jit_convention::internal, "id", type,
+                                         type);
+      llvm::BasicBlock *body = fn.new_block ();
+      builder.SetInsertPoint (body);
+      fn.do_return (builder, fn.argument (builder, 0));
+      return identities[id] = fn;
+    }
+
+  return identities[id];
+}
+
+llvm::Value *
+jit_typeinfo::do_insert_error_check (llvm::IRBuilderD& builder)
+{
+  return builder.CreateLoad (lerror_state);
+}
+
+void
+jit_typeinfo::add_builtin (const std::string& name)
+{
+  jit_type *btype = new_type (name, any, any->to_llvm ());
+  builtins[name] = btype;
+
+  octave_builtin *ov_builtin = find_builtin (name);
+  if (ov_builtin)
+    ov_builtin->stash_jit (*btype);
+}
+
+void
+jit_typeinfo::register_intrinsic (const std::string& name, size_t iid,
+                                  jit_type *result,
+                                  const std::vector<jit_type *>& args)
+{
+  jit_type *builtin_type = builtins[name];
+  size_t nargs = args.size ();
+  llvm::SmallVector<llvm::Type *, 5> llvm_args (nargs);
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < nargs; ++i)
+    llvm_args[i] = args[i]->to_llvm ();
+
+  llvm::Intrinsic::ID id = static_cast<llvm::Intrinsic::ID> (iid);
+  llvm::Function *ifun = llvm::Intrinsic::getDeclaration (module, id,
+                                                          llvm_args);
+  std::stringstream fn_name;
+  fn_name << "octave_jit_" << name;
+
+  std::vector<jit_type *> args1 (nargs + 1);
+  args1[0] = builtin_type;
+  std::copy (args.begin (), args.end (), args1.begin () + 1);
+
+  // The first argument will be the Octave function, but we already know that
+  // the function call is the equivalent of the intrinsic, so we ignore it and
+  // call the intrinsic with the remaining arguments.
+  jit_function fn = create_function (jit_convention::internal, fn_name.str (),
+                                     result, args1);
+  llvm::BasicBlock *body = fn.new_block ();
+  builder.SetInsertPoint (body);
+
+  llvm::SmallVector<llvm::Value *, 5> fargs (nargs);
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < nargs; ++i)
+    fargs[i] = fn.argument (builder, i + 1);
+
+  llvm::Value *ret = builder.CreateCall (ifun, fargs);
+  fn.do_return (builder, ret);
+  paren_subsref_fn.add_overload (fn);
+}
+
+octave_builtin *
+jit_typeinfo::find_builtin (const std::string& name)
+{
+  // FIXME: Finalize what we want to store in octave_builtin, then add functions
+  // to access these values in octave_value
+  octave_value ov_builtin = symbol_table::find (name);
+  return dynamic_cast<octave_builtin *> (ov_builtin.internal_rep ());
+}
+
+void
+jit_typeinfo::register_generic (const std::string&, jit_type *,
+                                const std::vector<jit_type *>&)
+{
+  // FIXME: Implement
+}
+
+jit_function
+jit_typeinfo::mirror_binary (const jit_function& fn)
+{
+  jit_function ret = create_function (jit_convention::internal,
+                                      fn.name () + "_reverse",
+                                      fn.result (), fn.argument_type (1),
+                                      fn.argument_type (0));
+  if (fn.can_error ())
+    ret.mark_can_error ();
+
+  llvm::BasicBlock *body = ret.new_block ();
+  builder.SetInsertPoint (body);
+  llvm::Value *result = fn.call (builder, ret.argument (builder, 1),
+                                 ret.argument (builder, 0));
+  if (ret.result ())
+    ret.do_return (builder, result);
+  else
+    ret.do_return (builder);
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
+llvm::Value *
+jit_typeinfo::pack_complex (llvm::IRBuilderD& bld, llvm::Value *cplx)
+{
+  llvm::Type *complex_ret = instance->complex_ret;
+  llvm::Value *real = bld.CreateExtractElement (cplx, bld.getInt32 (0));
+  llvm::Value *imag = bld.CreateExtractElement (cplx, bld.getInt32 (1));
+  llvm::Value *ret = llvm::UndefValue::get (complex_ret);
+  ret = bld.CreateInsertValue (ret, real, 0);
+  return bld.CreateInsertValue (ret, imag, 1);
+}
+
+llvm::Value *
+jit_typeinfo::unpack_complex (llvm::IRBuilderD& bld, llvm::Value *result)
+{
+  llvm::Type *complex_t = get_complex ()->to_llvm ();
+  llvm::Value *real = bld.CreateExtractValue (result, 0);
+  llvm::Value *imag = bld.CreateExtractValue (result, 1);
+  llvm::Value *ret = llvm::UndefValue::get (complex_t);
+  ret = bld.CreateInsertElement (ret, real, bld.getInt32 (0));
+  return bld.CreateInsertElement (ret, imag, bld.getInt32 (1));
+}
+
+llvm::Value *
+jit_typeinfo::complex_real (llvm::Value *cx)
+{
+  return builder.CreateExtractElement (cx, builder.getInt32 (0));
+}
+
+llvm::Value *
+jit_typeinfo::complex_real (llvm::Value *cx, llvm::Value *real)
+{
+  return builder.CreateInsertElement (cx, real, builder.getInt32 (0));
+}
+
+llvm::Value *
+jit_typeinfo::complex_imag (llvm::Value *cx)
+{
+  return builder.CreateExtractElement (cx, builder.getInt32 (1));
+}
+
+llvm::Value *
+jit_typeinfo::complex_imag (llvm::Value *cx, llvm::Value *imag)
+{
+  return builder.CreateInsertElement (cx, imag, builder.getInt32 (1));
+}
+
+llvm::Value *
+jit_typeinfo::complex_new (llvm::Value *real, llvm::Value *imag)
+{
+  llvm::Value *ret = llvm::UndefValue::get (complex->to_llvm ());
+  ret = complex_real (ret, real);
+  return complex_imag (ret, imag);
+}
+
+void
+jit_typeinfo::create_int (size_t nbits)
+{
+  std::stringstream tname;
+  tname << "int" << nbits;
+  ints[nbits] = new_type (tname.str (), any, llvm::Type::getIntNTy (context,
+                                                                    nbits));
+}
+
+jit_type *
+jit_typeinfo::intN (size_t nbits) const
+{
+  std::map<size_t, jit_type *>::const_iterator iter = ints.find (nbits);
+  if (iter != ints.end ())
+    return iter->second;
+
+  throw jit_fail_exception ("No such integer type");
+}
+
+jit_type *
+jit_typeinfo::do_type_of (const octave_value &ov) const
+{
+  if (ov.is_function ())
+    {
+      // FIXME: This is ugly, we need to finalize how we want to to this, then
+      // have octave_value fully support the needed functionality
+      octave_builtin *builtin
+        = dynamic_cast<octave_builtin *> (ov.internal_rep ());
+      return builtin && builtin->to_jit () ? builtin->to_jit ()
+        : unknown_function;
+    }
+
+  if (ov.is_range ())
+    return get_range ();
+
+  if (ov.is_double_type ())
+    {
+      if (ov.is_real_scalar ())
+        return get_scalar ();
+
+      if (ov.is_matrix_type ())
+        return get_matrix ();
+    }
+
+  if (ov.is_complex_scalar ())
+    return get_complex ();
+
+  return get_any ();
+}
+
+jit_type*
+jit_typeinfo::new_type (const std::string& name, jit_type *parent,
+                        llvm::Type *llvm_type)
+{
+  jit_type *ret = new jit_type (name, parent, llvm_type, next_id++);
+  id_to_type.push_back (ret);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+#endif