# Copyright (C) 1996, 1998, 1999 Auburn University.  All Rights Reserved.
#
# This file is part of Octave. 
#
# Octave is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it 
# under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the 
# Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any 
# later version. 
# 
# Octave is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT 
# ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or 
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License 
# for more details.
# 
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 
# along with Octave; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the Free 
# Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. 
 
function sys = sysgroup(...)
# function sys = sysgroup(Asys{,Bsys,...})
# Parallel connection of systems
#
# inputs: All input arguments must be system data structures;
#         exits with an error if there is not at least one argument
# output: sys: all systems are combined into a single system; e.g.,
#         if two systems are passed as sysgroup(Asys,Bsys), the result
#         is
#
#              __________________
#              |    ________    |
#     u1 ----->|--> | Asys |--->|----> y1
#              |    --------    |
#              |    ________    |
#     u2 ----->|--> | Bsys |--->|----> y2
#              |    --------    |
#              ------------------
#                   Ksys
# 
# The function also rearranges the A,B,C matrices so that the 
# continuous states come first and the discrete states come last.
# If there are duplicate names, the second name has a unique suffix appended
# on to the end of the name (a warning message is printed).

# A. S. Hodel August 1995
# modified by John Ingram July 1996
# A. S. Hodel: modified for variable number of arguments 1999

  save_val = implicit_str_to_num_ok;	# save for later
  implicit_str_to_num_ok = 1;

  save_emp = empty_list_elements_ok;
  empty_list_elements_ok = 1;

    
  if(nargin < 1)
    usage("sys = sysgroup(Asys{,Bsys,...})");
  endif

  # collect all arguments
  arglist = list();
  va_start();
  for kk=1:nargin
    arglist(kk) = va_arg();
    if(!is_struct(nth(arglist,kk)))
      error("sysgroup: argument %d is not a data structure",kk);
    endif
  endfor

  if(nargin == 2)
    # the usual case; group the two systems together
    Asys = nth(arglist,1);
    Bsys = nth(arglist,2);
  
    # extract information from Asys, Bsys to consruct sys
    Asys = sysupdate(Asys,"ss");
    Bsys = sysupdate(Bsys,"ss");
    [n1,nz1,m1,p1] = sysdimensions(Asys);
    [n2,nz2,m2,p2] = sysdimensions(Bsys);
    [Aa,Ab,Ac,Ad,Atsam,An,Anz,Ast,Ain,Aout,Ayd] = sys2ss(Asys);
    [Ba,Bb,Bc,Bd,Btsam,Bn,Bnz,Bst,Bin,Bout,Byd] = sys2ss(Bsys);
    nA = An + Anz;
    nB = Bn + Bnz;
  
    if(p1*m1*p2*m2 == 0)
      error("sysgroup: argument lacks inputs and/or outputs");
  
    elseif((Atsam + Btsam > 0) & (Atsam * Btsam == 0) )
      warning("sysgroup: creating combination of continuous and discrete systems")
  
    elseif(Atsam != Btsam)
      error("sysgroup: Asys.tsam=%e, Bsys.tsam =%e", Atsam, Btsam);
    endif
  
    A = [Aa,zeros(nA,nB); zeros(nB,nA),Ba];
    B = [Ab,zeros(nA,m2); zeros(nB,m1),Bb];
    C = [Ac,zeros(p1,nB); zeros(p2,nA),Bc];
    D = [Ad,zeros(p1,m2); zeros(p2,m1),Bd];
    tsam = max(Atsam,Btsam);
  
    # construct combined signal names; stnames must check for pure gain blocks
    if(isempty(Ast))
      stname = Bst;
    elseif(isempty(Bst))
      stname = Ast;
    else
      stname  = append(Ast, Bst);
    endif
    inname  = append(Ain, Bin);
    outname = append(Aout,Bout);
  
    # Sort states into continous first, then discrete
    dstates = ones(1,(nA+nB));
    if(An)
      dstates(1:(An)) = zeros(1,An);
    endif
    if(Bn)
      dstates((nA+1):(nA+Bn)) = zeros(1,Bn);
    endif
    [tmp,pv] = sort(dstates);
    A = A(pv,pv);
    B = B(pv,:);
    C = C(:,pv);
    stname = stname(pv);
  
    # check for duplicate signal names
    inname = sysgroupn(inname,"input");
    stname = sysgroupn(stname,"state");
    outname = sysgroupn(outname,"output");
  
    # mark discrete outputs
    outlist = find([Ayd, Byd]);
  
    # build new system
    sys = ss2sys(A,B,C,D,tsam,An+Bn,Anz+Bnz,stname,inname,outname);

  else
    # multiple systems (or a single system); combine together one by one
    sys = nth(arglist,1);
    for kk=2:length(arglist)
      printf("sysgroup: kk=%d\n",kk);
      sys = sysgroup(sys,nth(arglist,kk));
    endfor
  endif
  
  implicit_str_to_num_ok = save_val;	# restore value  
  empty_list_elements_ok = save_emp;
    
endfunction