@c Copyright (C) 1996 John W. Eaton
@c This is part of the Octave manual.
@c For copying conditions, see the file gpl.texi.

@c The text of this file will eventually appear in the file INSTALL
@c in the Octave distribution, as well as in the Octave manual.

@ifclear INSTALLONLY
@node Installation, Trouble, Emacs, Top
@appendix Installing Octave
@end ifclear
@cindex installing Octave

Here is the procedure for installing Octave from scratch on a Unix
system.  For instructions on how to install the binary distributions of
Octave, see @ref{Binary Distributions}.

@itemize @bullet
@item
Run the shell script @file{configure}.  This will determine the features
your system has (or doesn't have) and create a file named Makefile from
each of the files named Makefile.in.

Here is a summary of the configure options that are most frequently used
when building Octave:

@table @code
@item --prefix=@var{prefix}
Install Octave in subdirectories below @var{prefix}.  The default value
of @var{prefix} is @file{/usr/local}.

@item --srcdir=@var{dir}
Look for Octave sources in the directory @var{dir}.

@item --with-f2c
Use f2c even if Fortran compiler is available.

@item --enable-dld
Use DLD to make Octave capable of dynamically linking
externally compiled functions.  This only works on systems that have a
working port of DLD.

@item --enable-lite-kernel
Compile smaller kernel.  This currently requires DLD so that Octave can
load functions at run time that are not loaded at compile time.

@item --help
Print a summary of the options recognized by the configure script.
@end table

See the file INSTALL for more information about the command line options
used by configure.  That file also contains instructions for compiling
in a directory other than where the source is located.

@item
Run make.

You will need a recent version of GNU make.  Modifying Octave's
Makefiles to work with other make programs is probably not worth
your time.  We recommend you get and compile GNU make instead.

For plotting, you will need to have gnuplot installed on your system.
Gnuplot is a command-driven interactive function plotting program.
Gnuplot is copyrighted, but freely distributable.  The `gnu' in gnuplot
is a coincidence---it is not related to the GNU project or the FSF in
any but the most peripheral sense.

For version @value{VERSION}, you must have the GNU C++ compiler (gcc)
version 2.6.3 or later to compile Octave.  You will also need version
2.6.1 of the GNU C++ class library (libg++).  If you plan to modify the
parser you will also need GNU bison and fles.  If you modify the
documentation, you will need GNU Texinfo, along with the patch for the
makeinfo program that is distributed with Octave.

GNU make, gcc, and libg++, gnuplot, bison, flex, and Texinfo are all
available from many anonymous ftp archives.  The primary site is
prep.ai.mit.edu, but it is often very busy.  A list of sites that mirror
the software on prep is available by anonymous ftp from prep.ai.mit.edu
in the file /pub/gnu/GNUinfo/FTP, or by fingering fsf@@prep.ai.mit.edu.

If you don't have a Fortran compiler, or if your Fortran compiler
doesn't work like the traditional Unix f77, you will need to have the
Fortran to C translator f2c.  You can get f2c from any
number of anonymous ftp archives.  The most recent version of f2c
is always available from netlib.att.com.

On an otherwise idle SPARCstation II, it will take somewhere between 60
and 90 minutes to compile everything, depending on whether you are
compiling the Fortran libraries with f2c or using the Fortran compiler
directly.  You will need about 50 megabytes of disk storage to work with
(considerably less if you don't compile with debugging symbols).  To do
that, use the command

@example
make CFLAGS=-O CXXFLAGS=-O LDFLAGS=
@end example

@noindent
instead of just @samp{make}.

@item
If you encounter errors while compiling Octave, first check the list of
known problems below to see if there is a workaround or solution for
your problem.  If not,
@ifclear INSTALLONLY
see @ref{Trouble},
@end ifclear
@ifset INSTALLONLY
see the file BUGS
@end ifset
for information about how to report bugs.

@item
Once you have successfully compiled Octave, run @samp{make install}.

This will install a copy of octave, its libraries, and its documentation
in the destination directory.  As distributed, Octave is installed in
the following directories.  In the table below, @var{prefix} defaults to
@file{/usr/local}, @var{version} stands for the current version number
of the interpreter, and @var{host_type} is the type of computer on which
Octave is installed (for example, @samp{i586-unknown-gnu}).

@table @file
@item @var{prefix}/bin
Octave and other binaries that people will want to run directly.

@item @var{prefix}/lib
Libraries like libcruft.a and liboctave.a.

@item @var{prefix}/share
Architecture-independent data files.

@item @var{prefix}/include/octave
Include files distributed with Octave.

@item @var{prefix}/man/man1
Unix-style man pages describing Octave.

@item @var{prefix}/info
Info files describing Octave.

@item @var{prefix}/share/octave/@var{version}/m
Function files distributed with Octave.  This includes the Octave
version, so that multiple versions of Octave may be installed at the
same time.

@item @var{prefix}/lib/octave/@var{version}/exec/@var{host_type}
Executables to be run by Octave rather than the user.

@item @var{prefix}/lib/octave/@var{version}/oct/@var{host_type}
Object files that will be dynamically loaded.

@item @var{prefix}/share/octave/@var{version}/imagelib
Image files that are distributed with Octave.
@end table
@end itemize

@menu
* Installation Problems::       
* Binary Distributions::        
@end menu

@node Installation Problems, Binary Distributions, Installation, Installation
@appendixsec Installation Problems
	
This section contains a list of problems (and some apparent problems
that don't really mean anything is wrong) that may show up during
installation of Octave.

@itemize @bullet
@item
If @code{configure} fails when trying to create its output files, you
may have found a limitation in the version of @code{sed} on your
system.  Using GNU @code{sed} avoids the problem.

@item
You may need to edit some files in the gcc include subdirectory to add
prototypes for functions there.  For example, Ultrix 4.2 needs proper
declarations for the @code{signal()} and the @code{SIG_IGN} macro in the
file @file{signal.h}.

On some systems the @code{SIG_IGN} macro is defined to be something like
this:

@example
#define  SIG_IGN  (void (*)())1
@end example

@noindent
when it should really be something like:

@example
#define  SIG_IGN  (void (*)(int))1
@end example

@noindent
to match the prototype declaration for @code{signal()}.

The gcc fixincludes/fixproto script should probably fix this when gcc
installs its modified set of header files, but I don't think that's
been done yet.

@item
There is a bug with the makeinfo program that is distributed with
texinfo-3.1 that causes the indices in Octave's on-line manual to be
generated incorrectly.  If you need to recreate the on-line
documentation, you should get the makeinfo program that is distributed
with texinfo-3.1 and apply the patch for makeinfo that is distributed
with Octave.  See the file MAKEINFO.PATCH for more details.

@item
If you don't have NPSOL but you still want to be able to solve NLPs, or
if you don't have QPSOL but you still want to solve QPs, you'll need to
find replacements or order them from Stanford.  If you know of a freely
redistributable replacement, please let us know---we might be interested
in distributing it with Octave.

You can get more information about NPSOL and QPSOL from

@quotation
Stanford Business Sofrtware, Inc.@*
2680 Bayshore Parkway, Suite 304@*
Mountain View, CA 94043@*
Tel: (415) 962-8719@*
Fax: (415) 962-1869
@end quotation

Octave may soon support FSQP, an NLP solver from Andre Tits
(andre@@src.umd.edu) of the University of Maryland.  FSQP is available
free of charge to academic sites, but can not be redistributed to third
parties.

@item
Some of the Fortran subroutines may fail to compile with older versions
of the Sun Fortran compiler.  If you get errors like

@example
zgemm.f:
	zgemm:
warning: unexpected parent of complex expression subtree
zgemm.f, line 245: warning: unexpected parent of complex expression subtree
warning: unexpected parent of complex expression subtree
zgemm.f, line 304: warning: unexpected parent of complex expression subtree
warning: unexpected parent of complex expression subtree
zgemm.f, line 327: warning: unexpected parent of complex expression subtree
pcc_binval: missing IR_CONV in complex op
make[2]: *** [zgemm.o] Error 1
@end example

@noindent
when compiling the Fortran subroutines in the @file{libcruft}
subdirectory, you should either upgrade your compiler or try compiling
with optimization turned off.

@item
On NeXT systems, if you get errors like this:

@example
/usr/tmp/cc007458.s:unknown:Undefined local symbol LBB7656
/usr/tmp/cc007458.s:unknown:Undefined local symbol LBE7656
@end example

@noindent
when compiling @file{Array.cc} and @file{Matrix.cc}, try recompiling
these files without @code{-g}.

@item
Some people have reported that calls to shell_cmd and the pager do not
work on SunOS systems.  This is apparently due to having
@code{G_HAVE_SYS_WAIT} defined to be 0 instead of 1 when compiling
libg++.

@item
On NeXT systems, linking to @file{libsys_s.a} may fail to resolve the
following functions

@example
_tcgetattr
_tcsetattr
_tcflow
@end example

@noindent
which are part of @file{libposix.a}.  Unfortunately, linking Octave with
@code{-posix} results in the following undefined symbols.

@example
.destructors_used
.constructors_used
_objc_msgSend
_NXGetDefaultValue
_NXRegisterDefaults
.objc_class_name_NXStringTable
.objc_class_name_NXBundle
@end example

One kludge around this problem is to extract @file{termios.o} from
@file{libposix.a}, put it in Octave's @file{src} directory, and add it
to the list of files to link together in the Makefile.  Suggestions for
better ways to solve this problem are welcome!

@item
With g++ 2.6.3 (and possibly other 2.6.x versions) on some Intel x86
systems, compiling @file{Array-d.cc} fails with the messages like

@example
as: /tmp/cc005254.s:4057: Local symbol LBB103 never defined.
as: /tmp/cc005254.s:4057: Local symbol LBE103 never defined.
@end example

@noindent
A possible workaround for this is to compile without @code{-g}.

@item
If Octave crashes immediately with a floating point exception, it is
likely that it is failing to initialize the IEEE floating point values
for infinity and NaN.

If your system actually does support IEEE arithmetic, you should be able
to fix this problem by modifying the function @code{octave_ieee_init} in
the file @file{sysdep.cc} to correctly initialize Octave's internal
infinity and NaN variables.

If your system does not support IEEE arithmetic but Octave's configure
script incorrectly determined that it does, you can work around the
problem by editing the file @file{config.h} to not define
@code{HAVE_ISINF}, @code{HAVE_FINITE}, and @code{HAVE_ISNAN}.

In any case, please report this as a bug since it might be possible to
modify Octave's configuration script to automatically determine the
proper thing to do.

@item
Using the -O flag with old versions of the Sun Fortran compiler
apparently prevents if from compiling some of the Fortran subroutines
that Octave uses.  The workaround is to not use -O for those
subroutines.

@ignore
@c These next two items should no longer be problems, since g++ and
@c libg++ use a different method for installing an appropriate set of
@c header files.
@item
Problems with finite and isinf on systems that don't have @code{isinf()}
but do have @code{finite()}.

The copy of @file{math.h} supplied with libg++ version 2.3 (and possibly
other versions as well) declares @code{finite()} as

@example
double finite (double);
@end example

@noindent
even though some (many? all?) systems declare it as

@example
int finite (double);
@end example

If the copy of @file{math.h} from libg++ was installed, you should edit
it so that the libg++ declaration of @samp{finite()} matches the
system's.

@item
Problems compiling octave.cc on RS/6000 (and possibly other)
systems:

If octave.cc fails to compile due to parse errors in system include
files and undeclared subroutines like `gethostname' and `endpwent',
it is probably because not all of the libg++ include files have been
installed.  This appears to be a problem with libg++ version 2.3.
Here's a fix:

Apply the following patch to @file{libg++/config/rs6000.mh} and re-run
make install for libg++.

@example
*** rs6000.mh~  Mon Aug 17 19:18:44 1992
--- rs6000.mh   Mon Dec 28 23:54:57 1992
***************
*** 3,6 ****
  # /usr/include/unistd.h has write(int, char*, unsigned) instead
  # of write(int, const void*, size_t).  This causes problems due
  # to g++ new pedantic dis-allowal of void* -> char* conversions.
! G_CONFIG_ARGS = "HAVE_UNISTD=0 /*broken*/"
--- 3,12 ----
  # /usr/include/unistd.h has write(int, char*, unsigned) instead
  # of write(int, const void*, size_t).  This causes problems due
  # to g++ new pedantic dis-allowal of void* -> char* conversions.
! G_CONFIG_ARGS = "HAVE_UNISTD=0 /*broken*/"
! 
! # If the C include files are C++-ready (with extern "C"),
! # define: HAVE_CPLUS_EXTERN = 1 and: WRAP_C_INCLUDES =
! # If not, define HAVE_CPLUS_EXTERN = 0, and do not define
! # WRAP_C_INCLUDES here.
! HAVE_CPLUS_EXTERN = 0
@end example
@end ignore
@end itemize

@node Binary Distributions,  , Installation Problems, Installation
@appendixsec Binary Distributions

This section contains instructions for creating and installing a
binary distribution.

@menu
* Installing Octave from a Binary Distribution::  
* Creating a Binary Distribution::  
@end menu

@node Installing Octave from a Binary Distribution, Creating a Binary Distribution, Binary Distributions, Binary Distributions
@appendixsubsec Installing Octave from a Binary Distribution

@itemize @bullet
@item
To install Octave from a binary distribution, execute the command

@example
sh ./doinstall.sh
@end example

@noindent
in the top level directory of the distribution.

Binary distributions are normally compiled assuming that Octave will be
installed in the following subdirectories of @file{/usr/local}.

@table @file
@item bin
Octave and other binaries that people will want to run directly.

@item man/man1
Unix-style man pages describing Octave.

@item info
Info files describing Octave.

@item lib/octave/@var{version}/m
Function files distributed with Octave.  This includes the Octave
version, so that multiple versions of Octave may be installed at the
same time.

@item lib/octave/@var{version}/exec/@var{host_type}
Executables to be run by Octave rather than the user.

@ignore
@item lib/octave/@var{version}/oct/@var{host_type}
Object files that will be dynamically loaded.
@end ignore

@item lib/octave/@var{version}/imagelib
Image files that are distributed with Octave.
@end table

@noindent
where @var{version} stands for the current version number of the
interpreter, and @var{host_type} is the type of computer on which Octave
is installed (for example, @samp{i486-unknown-gnu}).

If these directories don't exist, the script @file{doinstall.sh} will
create them for you.

If it is not possible for you to install Octave in @file{/usr/local}, or
if you would prefer to install it in a different directory, you can
specify the name of the top level directory as an argument to the
doinstall.sh script.  For example:

@example
sh ./doinstall.sh /some/other/directory
@end example

@noindent
Octave will then be installed in subdirectories of the directory @file{/some/other/directory}
@end itemize

@node Creating a Binary Distribution,  , Installing Octave from a Binary Distribution, Binary Distributions
@appendixsubsec Creating a Binary Distribution

Here is how to build a binary distribution for others.

@itemize @bullet
@item
Build Octave in the same directory as the source.  This is required
since the @samp{binary-dist} targets in the Makefiles will not work if
you compile outside the source tree.

@item
Use @samp{CFLAGS=-O CXXFLAGS=-O LDFLAGS=} as arguments for Make because
most people who get the binary distributions are probably not going to
be interested in debugging Octave.

@item
Type @samp{make binary-dist}.  This will build everything and then pack
it up for distribution.
@end itemize