changeset 14919:f0499b0af646

maint: Periodic merge of default to jit
author Max Brister <max@2bass.com>
date Thu, 24 May 2012 15:48:10 -0600
parents 13465aab507f (diff) 22244a235fd0 (current diff)
children 51d4b1018efb
files configure.ac
diffstat 18 files changed, 2822 insertions(+), 34 deletions(-) [+]
line wrap: on
line diff
--- a/build-aux/common.mk	Thu May 24 15:38:59 2012 -0400
+++ b/build-aux/common.mk	Thu May 24 15:48:10 2012 -0600
@@ -544,6 +544,9 @@
   -e "s|%OCTAVE_CONF_MAGICK_CPPFLAGS%|\"${MAGICK_CPPFLAGS}\"|" \
   -e "s|%OCTAVE_CONF_MAGICK_LDFLAGS%|\"${MAGICK_LDFLAGS}\"|" \
   -e "s|%OCTAVE_CONF_MAGICK_LIBS%|\"${MAGICK_LIBS}\"|" \
+  -e "s|%OCTAVE_CONF_LLVM_CPPFLAGS%|\"${LLVM_CPPFLAGS}\"|" \
+  -e "s|%OCTAVE_CONF_LLVM_LDFLAGS%|\"${LLVM_LDFLAGS}\"|" \
+  -e "s|%OCTAVE_CONF_LLVM_LIBS%|\"${LLVM_LIBS}\"|" \
   -e 's|%OCTAVE_CONF_MKOCTFILE_DL_LDFLAGS%|\"@MKOCTFILE_DL_LDFLAGS@\"|' \
   -e "s|%OCTAVE_CONF_OCTAVE_LINK_DEPS%|\"${OCTAVE_LINK_DEPS}\"|" \
   -e "s|%OCTAVE_CONF_OCTAVE_LINK_OPTS%|\"${OCTAVE_LINK_OPTS}\"|" \
--- a/configure.ac	Thu May 24 15:38:59 2012 -0400
+++ b/configure.ac	Thu May 24 15:48:10 2012 -0600
@@ -712,6 +712,59 @@
   [ZLIB library not found.  Octave will not be able to save or load compressed data files or HDF5 files.],
   [zlib.h], [gzclearerr])
 
+### Check for the llvm library
+dnl
+dnl
+dnl llvm is odd and has its own pkg-config like script. We should probably check
+dnl for existance and 
+dnl
+
+LLVM_CONFIG=llvm-config
+LLVM_CPPFLAGS=
+LLVM_LDFLAGS=
+LLVM_LIBS=
+
+LLVM_LDFLAGS=`$LLVM_CONFIG --ldflags`
+LLVM_LIBS=`$LLVM_CONFIG --libs`
+LLVM_CPPFLAGS=`$LLVM_CONFIG --cxxflags`
+
+warn_llvm="LLVM library fails tests. JIT compilation will be disabled."
+
+save_CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS"
+save_LIBS="$LIBS"
+save_LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS"
+CPPFLAGS="$LLVM_CPPFLAGS $CPPFLAGS"
+LIBS="$LLVM_LIBS $LIBS"
+LDFLAGS="$LLVM_LDFLAGS $LDFLAGS"
+AC_LANG_PUSH(C++)
+  AC_CHECK_HEADER([llvm/LLVMContext.h], [
+  AC_MSG_CHECKING([for llvm::getGlobalContext in llvm/LLVMContext.h])
+    AC_TRY_LINK([#include <llvm/LLVMContext.h>], [llvm::getGlobalContext ()], [
+      AC_MSG_RESULT(yes)
+      warn_llvm=
+    ], [
+      AC_MSG_RESULT(no)
+    ])
+  ])
+AC_LANG_POP(C++)
+CPPFLAGS="$save_CPPFLAGS"
+LIBS="$save_LIBS"
+LDFLAGS="$save_LDFLAGS"
+
+if test -z "$warn_llvm"; then
+  AC_DEFINE(HAVE_LLVM, 1, [Define if LLVM is available.])
+else
+  LLVM_CPPFLAGS=
+  LLVM_LDFLAGS=
+  LLVM_LIBS=
+  AC_MSG_WARN([$warn_llvm])
+fi
+AC_DEFINE(HAVE_LLVM, 1, [Define if LLVM is available.])
+
+AC_SUBST(LLVM_CPPFLAGS)
+AC_SUBST(LLVM_LDFLAGS)
+AC_SUBST(LLVM_LIBS)
+
 ### Check for HDF5 library.
 
 save_CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS"
@@ -2242,6 +2295,9 @@
   Magick++ CPPFLAGS:           $MAGICK_CPPFLAGS
   Magick++ LDFLAGS:            $MAGICK_LDFLAGS
   Magick++ libraries:          $MAGICK_LIBS
+  LLVM CPPFLAGS:               $LLVM_CPPFLAGS
+  LLVM LDFLAGS:                $LLVM_LDFLAGS
+  LLVM Libraries:              $LLVM_LIBS
   HDF5 CPPFLAGS:               $HDF5_CPPFLAGS
   HDF5 LDFLAGS:                $HDF5_LDFLAGS
   HDF5 libraries:              $HDF5_LIBS
--- a/src/Makefile.am	Thu May 24 15:38:59 2012 -0400
+++ b/src/Makefile.am	Thu May 24 15:48:10 2012 -0600
@@ -220,6 +220,7 @@
   pt-fcn-handle.h \
   pt-id.h \
   pt-idx.h \
+  pt-jit.h \
   pt-jump.h \
   pt-loop.h \
   pt-mat.h \
@@ -392,6 +393,7 @@
   pt-fcn-handle.cc \
   pt-id.cc \
   pt-idx.cc \
+  pt-jit.cc \
   pt-jump.cc \
   pt-loop.cc \
   pt-mat.cc \
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/src/TEMPLATE-INST/Array-jit.cc	Thu May 24 15:48:10 2012 -0600
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (C) 2012 Max Brister <max@2bass.com>
+
+This file is part of Octave.
+
+Octave is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
+Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at your
+option) any later version.
+
+Octave is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+for more details.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+along with Octave; see the file COPYING.  If not, see
+<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+*/
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#include <config.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "Array.h"
+#include "Array.cc"
+
+#include "pt-jit.h"
+
+NO_INSTANTIATE_ARRAY_SORT (jit_function::overload);
+
+INSTANTIATE_ARRAY (jit_function::overload, OCTINTERP_API);
--- a/src/TEMPLATE-INST/module.mk	Thu May 24 15:38:59 2012 -0400
+++ b/src/TEMPLATE-INST/module.mk	Thu May 24 15:48:10 2012 -0600
@@ -2,4 +2,5 @@
 
 TEMPLATE_INST_SRC = \
   TEMPLATE-INST/Array-os.cc \
-  TEMPLATE-INST/Array-tc.cc
+  TEMPLATE-INST/Array-tc.cc \
+  TEMPLATE-INST/Array-jit.cc
--- a/src/link-deps.mk	Thu May 24 15:38:59 2012 -0400
+++ b/src/link-deps.mk	Thu May 24 15:48:10 2012 -0600
@@ -13,14 +13,16 @@
   $(Z_LIBS) \
   $(OPENGL_LIBS) \
   $(X11_LIBS) \
-  $(CARBON_LIBS)
+  $(CARBON_LIBS) \
+  $(LLVM_LIBS)
 
 LIBOCTINTERP_LINK_OPTS = \
   $(GRAPHICS_LDFLAGS) \
   $(FT2_LDFLAGS) \
   $(HDF5_LDFLAGS) \
   $(Z_LDFLAGS) \
-  $(REGEX_LDFLAGS)
+  $(REGEX_LDFLAGS) \
+  $(LLVM_LDFLAGS)
 
 OCT_LINK_DEPS =
 
--- a/src/oct-conf.in.h	Thu May 24 15:38:59 2012 -0400
+++ b/src/oct-conf.in.h	Thu May 24 15:48:10 2012 -0600
@@ -384,6 +384,18 @@
 #define OCTAVE_CONF_MAGICK_LIBS %OCTAVE_CONF_MAGICK_LIBS%
 #endif
 
+#ifndef OCTAVE_CONF_LLVM_CPPFLAGS
+#define OCTAVE_CONF_LLVM_CPPFLAGS %OCTAVE_CONF_LLVM_CPPFLAGS%
+#endif
+
+#ifndef OCTAVE_CONF_LLVM_LDFLAGS
+#define OCTAVE_CONF_LLVM_LDFLAGS %OCTAVE_CONF_LLVM_LDFLAGS%
+#endif
+
+#ifndef OCTAVE_CONF_LLVM_LIBS
+#define OCTAVE_CONF_LLVM_LIBS %OCTAVE_CONF_LLVM_LIBS%
+#endif
+
 #ifndef OCTAVE_CONF_MKOCTFILE_DL_LDFLAGS
 #define OCTAVE_CONF_MKOCTFILE_DL_LDFLAGS %OCTAVE_CONF_MKOCTFILE_DL_LDFLAGS%
 #endif
--- a/src/ov-base.h	Thu May 24 15:38:59 2012 -0400
+++ b/src/ov-base.h	Thu May 24 15:48:10 2012 -0600
@@ -755,6 +755,21 @@
   virtual bool
   fast_elem_insert_self (void *where, builtin_type_t btyp) const;
 
+  // Grab the reference count. For use by jit.
+  void
+  grab (void)
+  {
+    ++count;
+  }
+
+  // Release the reference count. For use by jit.
+  void
+  release (void)
+  {
+    if (--count == 0)
+      delete this;
+  }
+
 protected:
 
   // This should only be called for derived types.
--- a/src/pt-eval.cc	Thu May 24 15:38:59 2012 -0400
+++ b/src/pt-eval.cc	Thu May 24 15:48:10 2012 -0600
@@ -44,6 +44,10 @@
 #include "symtab.h"
 #include "unwind-prot.h"
 
+//FIXME: This should be part of tree_evaluator
+#include "pt-jit.h"
+static tree_jit jiter;
+
 static tree_evaluator std_evaluator;
 
 tree_evaluator *current_evaluator = &std_evaluator;
@@ -680,6 +684,9 @@
   tree_command *cmd = stmt.command ();
   tree_expression *expr = stmt.expression ();
 
+  if (jiter.execute (stmt))
+    return;
+
   if (cmd || expr)
     {
       if (statement_context == function || statement_context == script)
--- a/src/pt-id.cc	Thu May 24 15:38:59 2012 -0400
+++ b/src/pt-id.cc	Thu May 24 15:48:10 2012 -0600
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@
   if (error_state)
     return retval;
 
-  octave_value val = xsym ().find ();
+  octave_value val = sym->find ();
 
   if (val.is_defined ())
     {
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@
 octave_lvalue
 tree_identifier::lvalue (void)
 {
-  return octave_lvalue (&(xsym().varref ()));
+  return octave_lvalue (&(sym->varref ()));
 }
 
 tree_identifier *
--- a/src/pt-id.h	Thu May 24 15:38:59 2012 -0400
+++ b/src/pt-id.h	Thu May 24 15:48:10 2012 -0600
@@ -46,12 +46,12 @@
 public:
 
   tree_identifier (int l = -1, int c = -1)
-    : tree_expression (l, c), sym (), scope (-1) { }
+    : tree_expression (l, c) { }
 
   tree_identifier (const symbol_table::symbol_record& s,
                    int l = -1, int c = -1,
                    symbol_table::scope_id sc = symbol_table::current_scope ())
-    : tree_expression (l, c), sym (s), scope (sc) { }
+    : tree_expression (l, c), sym (s, sc) { }
 
   ~tree_identifier (void) { }
 
@@ -63,9 +63,9 @@
   // accessing it through sym so that this function may remain const.
   std::string name (void) const { return sym.name (); }
 
-  bool is_defined (void) { return xsym().is_defined (); }
+  bool is_defined (void) { return sym->is_defined (); }
 
-  virtual bool is_variable (void) { return xsym().is_variable (); }
+  virtual bool is_variable (void) { return sym->is_variable (); }
 
   virtual bool is_black_hole (void) { return false; }
 
@@ -87,14 +87,14 @@
   octave_value
   do_lookup (const octave_value_list& args = octave_value_list ())
   {
-    return xsym().find (args);
+    return sym->find (args);
   }
 
-  void mark_global (void) { xsym().mark_global (); }
+  void mark_global (void) { sym->mark_global (); }
 
-  void mark_as_static (void) { xsym().init_persistent (); }
+  void mark_as_static (void) { sym->init_persistent (); }
 
-  void mark_as_formal_parameter (void) { xsym().mark_formal (); }
+  void mark_as_formal_parameter (void) { sym->mark_formal (); }
 
   // We really need to know whether this symbol referst to a variable
   // or a function, but we may not know that yet.
@@ -114,28 +114,14 @@
 
   void accept (tree_walker& tw);
 
+  symbol_table::symbol_record_ref symbol (void) const
+  {
+    return sym;
+  }
 private:
 
   // The symbol record that this identifier references.
-  symbol_table::symbol_record sym;
-
-  symbol_table::scope_id scope;
-
-  // A script may be executed in multiple scopes.  If the last one was
-  // different from the one we are in now, update sym to be from the
-  // new scope.
-  symbol_table::symbol_record& xsym (void)
-  {
-    symbol_table::scope_id curr_scope = symbol_table::current_scope ();
-
-    if (scope != curr_scope || ! sym.is_valid ())
-      {
-        scope = curr_scope;
-        sym = symbol_table::insert (sym.name ());
-      }
-
-    return sym;
-  }
+  symbol_table::symbol_record_ref sym;
 
   // No copying!
 
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/src/pt-jit.cc	Thu May 24 15:48:10 2012 -0600
@@ -0,0 +1,1338 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (C) 2012 Max Brister <max@2bass.com>
+
+This file is part of Octave.
+
+Octave is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
+Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at your
+option) any later version.
+
+Octave is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+for more details.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+along with Octave; see the file COPYING.  If not, see
+<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+*/
+
+#define __STDC_LIMIT_MACROS
+#define __STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#include <config.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "pt-jit.h"
+
+#include <typeinfo>
+
+#include <llvm/LLVMContext.h>
+#include <llvm/Module.h>
+#include <llvm/Function.h>
+#include <llvm/BasicBlock.h>
+#include <llvm/Support/IRBuilder.h>
+#include <llvm/ExecutionEngine/ExecutionEngine.h>
+#include <llvm/ExecutionEngine/JIT.h>
+#include <llvm/PassManager.h>
+#include <llvm/Analysis/Verifier.h>
+#include <llvm/Analysis/CallGraph.h>
+#include <llvm/Analysis/Passes.h>
+#include <llvm/Target/TargetData.h>
+#include <llvm/Transforms/Scalar.h>
+#include <llvm/Transforms/IPO.h>
+#include <llvm/Support/TargetSelect.h>
+#include <llvm/Support/raw_os_ostream.h>
+
+#include "octave.h"
+#include "ov-fcn-handle.h"
+#include "ov-usr-fcn.h"
+#include "ov-scalar.h"
+#include "pt-all.h"
+
+// FIXME: Remove eventually
+// For now we leave this in so people tell when JIT actually happens
+static const bool debug_print = false;
+
+static llvm::IRBuilder<> builder (llvm::getGlobalContext ());
+
+static llvm::LLVMContext& context = llvm::getGlobalContext ();
+
+jit_typeinfo *jit_typeinfo::instance;
+
+// thrown when we should give up on JIT and interpret
+class jit_fail_exception : public std::exception {};
+
+static void
+fail (void)
+{
+  throw jit_fail_exception ();
+}
+
+// function that jit code calls
+extern "C" void
+octave_jit_print_any (const char *name, octave_base_value *obv)
+{
+  obv->print_with_name (octave_stdout, name, true);
+}
+
+extern "C" void
+octave_jit_print_double (const char *name, double value)
+{
+  // FIXME: We should avoid allocating a new octave_scalar each time
+  octave_value ov (value);
+  ov.print_with_name (octave_stdout, name);
+}
+
+extern "C" octave_base_value*
+octave_jit_binary_any_any (octave_value::binary_op op, octave_base_value *lhs,
+                           octave_base_value *rhs)
+{
+  octave_value olhs (lhs);
+  octave_value orhs (rhs);
+  octave_value result = do_binary_op (op, olhs, orhs);
+  octave_base_value *rep = result.internal_rep ();
+  rep->grab ();
+  return rep;
+}
+
+extern "C" void
+octave_jit_release_any (octave_base_value *obv)
+{
+  obv->release ();
+}
+
+extern "C" octave_base_value *
+octave_jit_grab_any (octave_base_value *obv)
+{
+  obv->grab ();
+  return obv;
+}
+
+extern "C" double
+octave_jit_cast_scalar_any (octave_base_value *obv)
+{
+  double ret = obv->double_value ();
+  obv->release ();
+  return ret;
+}
+
+extern "C" octave_base_value *
+octave_jit_cast_any_scalar (double value)
+{
+  return new octave_scalar (value);
+}
+
+// -------------------- jit_type --------------------
+llvm::Type *
+jit_type::to_llvm_arg (void) const
+{
+  return llvm_type ? llvm_type->getPointerTo () : 0;
+}
+
+// -------------------- jit_function --------------------
+void
+jit_function::add_overload (const overload& func,
+                            const std::vector<jit_type*>& args)
+{
+  if (args.size () >= overloads.size ())
+    overloads.resize (args.size () + 1);
+
+  Array<overload>& over = overloads[args.size ()];
+  dim_vector dv (over.dims ());
+  Array<octave_idx_type> idx = to_idx (args);
+  bool must_resize = false;
+
+  if (dv.length () != idx.numel ())
+    {
+      dv.resize (idx.numel ());
+      must_resize = true;
+    }
+
+  for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < dv.length (); ++i)
+    if (dv(i) <= idx(i))
+      {
+        must_resize = true;
+        dv(i) = idx(i) + 1;
+      }
+
+  if (must_resize)
+    over.resize (dv);
+
+  over(idx) = func;
+}
+
+const jit_function::overload&
+jit_function::get_overload (const std::vector<jit_type*>& types) const
+{
+  // FIXME: We should search for the next best overload on failure
+  static overload null_overload;
+  if (types.size () >= overloads.size ())
+    return null_overload;
+
+  for (size_t i  =0; i < types.size (); ++i)
+    if (! types[i])
+      return null_overload;
+
+  const Array<overload>& over = overloads[types.size ()];
+  dim_vector dv (over.dims ());
+  Array<octave_idx_type> idx = to_idx (types);
+  for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < dv.length (); ++i)
+    if (idx(i) >= dv(i))
+      return null_overload;
+
+  return over(idx);
+}
+
+Array<octave_idx_type>
+jit_function::to_idx (const std::vector<jit_type*>& types) const
+{
+  octave_idx_type numel = types.size ();
+  if (numel == 1)
+    numel = 2;
+
+  Array<octave_idx_type> idx (dim_vector (1, numel));
+  for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < static_cast<octave_idx_type> (types.size ());
+       ++i)
+    idx(i) = types[i]->type_id ();
+
+  if (types.size () == 1)
+    {
+      idx(1) = idx(0);
+      idx(0) = 0;
+    }
+
+  return idx;
+}
+
+// -------------------- jit_typeinfo --------------------
+void
+jit_typeinfo::initialize (llvm::Module *m, llvm::ExecutionEngine *e)
+{
+  instance = new jit_typeinfo (m, e);
+}
+
+jit_typeinfo::jit_typeinfo (llvm::Module *m, llvm::ExecutionEngine *e)
+  : module (m), engine (e), next_id (0)
+{
+  // FIXME: We should be registering types like in octave_value_typeinfo
+  ov_t = llvm::StructType::create (context, "octave_base_value");
+  ov_t = ov_t->getPointerTo ();
+
+  llvm::Type *dbl = llvm::Type::getDoubleTy (context);
+  llvm::Type *bool_t = llvm::Type::getInt1Ty (context);
+  llvm::Type *string_t = llvm::Type::getInt8Ty (context);
+  string_t = string_t->getPointerTo ();
+  llvm::Type *index_t = 0;
+  switch (sizeof(octave_idx_type))
+    {
+    case 4:
+      index_t = llvm::Type::getInt32Ty (context);
+      break;
+    case 8:
+      index_t = llvm::Type::getInt64Ty (context);
+      break;
+    default:
+      assert (false && "Unrecognized index type size");
+    }
+
+  llvm::StructType *range_t = llvm::StructType::create (context, "range");
+  std::vector<llvm::Type *> range_contents (4, dbl);
+  range_contents[3] = index_t;
+  range_t->setBody (range_contents);
+
+  // create types
+  any = new_type ("any", 0, ov_t);
+  scalar = new_type ("scalar", any, dbl);
+  range = new_type ("range", any, range_t);
+  string = new_type ("string", any, string_t);
+  boolean = new_type ("bool", any, bool_t);
+  index = new_type ("index", any, index_t);
+
+  casts.resize (next_id + 1);
+  identities.resize (next_id + 1, 0);
+
+  // any with anything is an any op
+  llvm::Function *fn;
+  llvm::Type *binary_op_type
+    = llvm::Type::getIntNTy (context, sizeof (octave_value::binary_op));
+  llvm::Function *any_binary = create_function ("octave_jit_binary_any_any",
+                                                any->to_llvm (), binary_op_type,
+                                                any->to_llvm (), any->to_llvm ());
+  engine->addGlobalMapping (any_binary,
+                            reinterpret_cast<void*>(&octave_jit_binary_any_any));
+
+  binary_ops.resize (octave_value::num_binary_ops);
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < octave_value::num_binary_ops; ++i)
+    {
+      octave_value::binary_op op = static_cast<octave_value::binary_op> (i);
+      std::string op_name = octave_value::binary_op_as_string (op);
+      binary_ops[i].stash_name ("binary" + op_name);
+    }
+
+  for (int op = 0; op < octave_value::num_binary_ops; ++op)
+    {
+      llvm::Twine fn_name ("octave_jit_binary_any_any_");
+      fn_name = fn_name + llvm::Twine (op);
+      fn = create_function (fn_name, any, any, any);
+      llvm::BasicBlock *block = llvm::BasicBlock::Create (context, "body", fn);
+      builder.SetInsertPoint (block);
+      llvm::APInt op_int(sizeof (octave_value::binary_op), op,
+                         std::numeric_limits<octave_value::binary_op>::is_signed);
+      llvm::Value *op_as_llvm = llvm::ConstantInt::get (binary_op_type, op_int);
+      llvm::Value *ret = builder.CreateCall3 (any_binary,
+                                                 op_as_llvm,
+                                                 fn->arg_begin (),
+                                                 ++fn->arg_begin ());
+      builder.CreateRet (ret);
+
+      jit_function::overload overload (fn, true, any, any, any);
+      for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < next_id; ++i)
+        binary_ops[op].add_overload (overload);
+    }
+
+  llvm::Type *void_t = llvm::Type::getVoidTy (context);
+
+  // grab any
+  fn = create_function ("octave_jit_grab_any", any, any);
+                        
+  engine->addGlobalMapping (fn, reinterpret_cast<void*>(&octave_jit_grab_any));
+  grab_fn.add_overload (fn, false, any, any);
+  grab_fn.stash_name ("grab");
+
+  // grab scalar
+  fn = create_identity (scalar);
+  grab_fn.add_overload (fn, false, scalar, scalar);
+
+  // release any
+  fn = create_function ("octave_jit_release_any", void_t, any->to_llvm ());
+  engine->addGlobalMapping (fn, reinterpret_cast<void*>(&octave_jit_release_any));
+  release_fn.add_overload (fn, false, 0, any);
+  release_fn.stash_name ("release");
+
+  // release scalar
+  fn = create_identity (scalar);
+  release_fn.add_overload (fn, false, 0, scalar);
+
+  // now for binary scalar operations
+  // FIXME: Finish all operations
+  add_binary_op (scalar, octave_value::op_add, llvm::Instruction::FAdd);
+  add_binary_op (scalar, octave_value::op_sub, llvm::Instruction::FSub);
+  add_binary_op (scalar, octave_value::op_mul, llvm::Instruction::FMul);
+  add_binary_op (scalar, octave_value::op_el_mul, llvm::Instruction::FMul);
+
+  // FIXME: Warn if rhs is zero
+  add_binary_op (scalar, octave_value::op_div, llvm::Instruction::FDiv);
+  add_binary_op (scalar, octave_value::op_el_div, llvm::Instruction::FDiv);
+
+  add_binary_fcmp (scalar, octave_value::op_lt, llvm::CmpInst::FCMP_ULT);
+  add_binary_fcmp (scalar, octave_value::op_le, llvm::CmpInst::FCMP_ULE);
+  add_binary_fcmp (scalar, octave_value::op_eq, llvm::CmpInst::FCMP_UEQ);
+  add_binary_fcmp (scalar, octave_value::op_ge, llvm::CmpInst::FCMP_UGE);
+  add_binary_fcmp (scalar, octave_value::op_gt, llvm::CmpInst::FCMP_UGT);
+  add_binary_fcmp (scalar, octave_value::op_ne, llvm::CmpInst::FCMP_UNE);
+
+  // now for printing functions
+  print_fn.stash_name ("print");
+  add_print (any, reinterpret_cast<void*> (&octave_jit_print_any));
+  add_print (scalar, reinterpret_cast<void*> (&octave_jit_print_double));
+
+  // bounds check for for loop
+  fn = create_function ("octave_jit_simple_for_range", boolean, range, index);
+  llvm::BasicBlock *body = llvm::BasicBlock::Create (context, "body", fn);
+  builder.SetInsertPoint (body);
+  {
+    llvm::Value *nelem
+      = builder.CreateExtractValue (fn->arg_begin (), 3);
+    // llvm::Value *idx = builder.CreateLoad (++fn->arg_begin ());
+    llvm::Value *idx = ++fn->arg_begin ();
+    llvm::Value *ret = builder.CreateICmpULT (idx, nelem);
+    builder.CreateRet (ret);
+  }
+  llvm::verifyFunction (*fn);
+  simple_for_check.add_overload (fn, false, boolean, range, index);
+
+  // increment for for loop
+  fn = create_function ("octave_jit_imple_for_range_incr", index, index);
+  body = llvm::BasicBlock::Create (context, "body", fn);
+  builder.SetInsertPoint (body);
+  {
+    llvm::Value *one = llvm::ConstantInt::get (index_t, 1);
+    llvm::Value *idx = fn->arg_begin ();
+    llvm::Value *ret = builder.CreateAdd (idx, one);
+    builder.CreateRet (ret);
+  }
+  llvm::verifyFunction (*fn);
+  simple_for_incr.add_overload (fn, false, index, index);
+
+  // index variabe for for loop
+  fn = create_function ("octave_jit_simple_for_idx", scalar, range, index);
+  body = llvm::BasicBlock::Create (context, "body", fn);
+  builder.SetInsertPoint (body);
+  {
+    llvm::Value *idx = ++fn->arg_begin ();
+    llvm::Value *didx = builder.CreateUIToFP (idx, dbl);
+    llvm::Value *rng = fn->arg_begin ();
+    llvm::Value *base = builder.CreateExtractValue (rng, 0);
+    llvm::Value *inc = builder.CreateExtractValue (rng, 2);
+
+    llvm::Value *ret = builder.CreateFMul (didx, inc);
+    ret = builder.CreateFAdd (base, ret);
+    builder.CreateRet (ret);
+  }
+  llvm::verifyFunction (*fn);
+  simple_for_index.add_overload (fn, false, scalar, range, index);
+
+  // logically true
+  // FIXME: Check for NaN
+  fn = create_function ("octave_logically_true_scalar", boolean, scalar);
+  body = llvm::BasicBlock::Create (context, "body", fn);
+  builder.SetInsertPoint (body);
+  {
+    llvm::Value *zero = llvm::ConstantFP::get (scalar->to_llvm (), 0);
+    llvm::Value *ret = builder.CreateFCmpUNE (fn->arg_begin (), zero);
+    builder.CreateRet (ret);
+  }
+  llvm::verifyFunction (*fn);
+  logically_true.add_overload (fn, true, boolean, scalar);
+
+  fn = create_function ("octave_logically_true_bool", boolean, boolean);
+  body = llvm::BasicBlock::Create (context, "body", fn);
+  builder.SetInsertPoint (body);
+  builder.CreateRet (fn->arg_begin ());
+  llvm::verifyFunction (*fn);
+  logically_true.add_overload (fn, false, boolean, boolean);
+  logically_true.stash_name ("logically_true");
+
+  casts[any->type_id ()].stash_name ("(any)");
+  casts[scalar->type_id ()].stash_name ("(scalar)");
+
+  // cast any <- scalar
+  fn = create_function ("octave_jit_cast_any_scalar", any, scalar);
+  engine->addGlobalMapping (fn, reinterpret_cast<void*> (&octave_jit_cast_any_scalar));
+  casts[any->type_id ()].add_overload (fn, false, any, scalar);
+
+  // cast scalar <- any
+  fn = create_function ("octave_jit_cast_scalar_any", scalar, any);
+  engine->addGlobalMapping (fn, reinterpret_cast<void*> (&octave_jit_cast_scalar_any));
+  casts[scalar->type_id ()].add_overload (fn, false, scalar, any);
+
+  // cast any <- any
+  fn = create_identity (any);
+  casts[any->type_id ()].add_overload (fn, false, any, any);
+
+  // cast scalar <- scalar
+  fn = create_identity (scalar);
+  casts[scalar->type_id ()].add_overload (fn, false, scalar, scalar);
+}
+
+void
+jit_typeinfo::add_print (jit_type *ty, void *call)
+{
+  std::stringstream name;
+  name << "octave_jit_print_" << ty->name ();
+
+  llvm::Type *void_t = llvm::Type::getVoidTy (context);
+  llvm::Function *fn = create_function (name.str (), void_t,
+                                        llvm::Type::getInt8PtrTy (context),
+                                        ty->to_llvm ());
+  engine->addGlobalMapping (fn, call);
+
+  jit_function::overload ol (fn, false, 0, string, ty);
+  print_fn.add_overload (ol);
+}
+
+// FIXME: cp between add_binary_op, add_binary_icmp, and add_binary_fcmp
+void
+jit_typeinfo::add_binary_op (jit_type *ty, int op, int llvm_op)
+{
+  std::stringstream fname;
+  octave_value::binary_op ov_op = static_cast<octave_value::binary_op>(op);
+  fname << "octave_jit_" << octave_value::binary_op_as_string (ov_op)
+        << "_" << ty->name ();
+
+  llvm::Function *fn = create_function (fname.str (), ty, ty, ty);
+  llvm::BasicBlock *block = llvm::BasicBlock::Create (context, "body", fn);
+  builder.SetInsertPoint (block);
+  llvm::Instruction::BinaryOps temp
+    = static_cast<llvm::Instruction::BinaryOps>(llvm_op);
+  llvm::Value *ret = builder.CreateBinOp (temp, fn->arg_begin (),
+                                          ++fn->arg_begin ());
+  builder.CreateRet (ret);
+  llvm::verifyFunction (*fn);
+
+  jit_function::overload ol(fn, false, ty, ty, ty);
+  binary_ops[op].add_overload (ol);
+}
+
+void
+jit_typeinfo::add_binary_icmp (jit_type *ty, int op, int llvm_op)
+{
+  std::stringstream fname;
+  octave_value::binary_op ov_op = static_cast<octave_value::binary_op>(op);
+  fname << "octave_jit" << octave_value::binary_op_as_string (ov_op)
+        << "_" << ty->name ();
+
+  llvm::Function *fn = create_function (fname.str (), boolean, ty, ty);
+  llvm::BasicBlock *block = llvm::BasicBlock::Create (context, "body", fn);
+  builder.SetInsertPoint (block);
+  llvm::CmpInst::Predicate temp
+    = static_cast<llvm::CmpInst::Predicate>(llvm_op);
+  llvm::Value *ret = builder.CreateICmp (temp, fn->arg_begin (),
+                                         ++fn->arg_begin ());
+  builder.CreateRet (ret);
+  llvm::verifyFunction (*fn);
+
+  jit_function::overload ol (fn, false, boolean, ty, ty);
+  binary_ops[op].add_overload (ol);
+}
+
+void
+jit_typeinfo::add_binary_fcmp (jit_type *ty, int op, int llvm_op)
+{
+  std::stringstream fname;
+  octave_value::binary_op ov_op = static_cast<octave_value::binary_op>(op);
+  fname << "octave_jit" << octave_value::binary_op_as_string (ov_op)
+        << "_" << ty->name ();
+
+  llvm::Function *fn = create_function (fname.str (), boolean, ty, ty);
+  llvm::BasicBlock *block = llvm::BasicBlock::Create (context, "body", fn);
+  builder.SetInsertPoint (block);
+  llvm::CmpInst::Predicate temp
+    = static_cast<llvm::CmpInst::Predicate>(llvm_op);
+  llvm::Value *ret = builder.CreateFCmp (temp, fn->arg_begin (),
+                                         ++fn->arg_begin ());
+  builder.CreateRet (ret);
+  llvm::verifyFunction (*fn);
+
+  jit_function::overload ol (fn, false, boolean, ty, ty);
+  binary_ops[op].add_overload (ol);
+}
+
+llvm::Function *
+jit_typeinfo::create_function (const llvm::Twine& name, llvm::Type *ret,
+                               const std::vector<llvm::Type *>& args)
+{
+  llvm::FunctionType *ft = llvm::FunctionType::get (ret, args, false);
+  llvm::Function *fn = llvm::Function::Create (ft,
+                                               llvm::Function::ExternalLinkage,
+                                               name, module);
+  fn->addFnAttr (llvm::Attribute::AlwaysInline);
+  return fn;
+}
+
+llvm::Function *
+jit_typeinfo::create_identity (jit_type *type)
+{
+  size_t id = type->type_id ();
+  if (id >= identities.size ())
+    identities.resize (id + 1, 0);
+
+  if (! identities[id])
+    {
+      llvm::Function *fn = create_function ("id", type, type);
+      llvm::BasicBlock *body = llvm::BasicBlock::Create (context, "body", fn);
+      builder.SetInsertPoint (body);
+      builder.CreateRet (fn->arg_begin ());
+      llvm::verifyFunction (*fn);
+      identities[id] = fn;
+    }
+
+  return identities[id];
+}
+
+jit_type *
+jit_typeinfo::do_type_of (const octave_value &ov) const
+{
+  if (ov.is_undefined () || ov.is_function ())
+    return 0;
+
+  if (ov.is_double_type () && ov.is_real_scalar ())
+    return get_scalar ();
+
+  if (ov.is_range ())
+    return get_range ();
+
+  return get_any ();
+}
+
+jit_type*
+jit_typeinfo::new_type (const std::string& name, jit_type *parent,
+                        llvm::Type *llvm_type)
+{
+  jit_type *ret = new jit_type (name, parent, llvm_type, next_id++);
+  id_to_type.push_back (ret);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+// -------------------- jit_block --------------------
+llvm::BasicBlock *
+jit_block::to_llvm (void) const
+{
+  return llvm::cast<llvm::BasicBlock> (llvm_value);
+}
+
+// -------------------- jit_call --------------------
+bool
+jit_call::infer (void)
+{
+  // FIXME explain algorithm
+  jit_type *current = type ();
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < argument_count (); ++i)
+    {
+      jit_type *arg_type = argument_type (i);
+      jit_type *todo = jit_typeinfo::difference (arg_type, already_infered[i]);
+      if (todo)
+        {
+          already_infered[i] = todo;
+          jit_type *fresult = mfunction.get_result (already_infered);
+          current = jit_typeinfo::tunion (current, fresult);
+          already_infered[i] = arg_type;
+        }
+    }
+
+  if (current != type ())
+    {
+      stash_type (current);
+      return true;
+    }
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+// -------------------- jit_convert --------------------
+jit_convert::jit_convert (llvm::Module *module, tree &tee)
+{
+  jit_instruction::reset_ids ();
+
+  entry_block = new jit_block ("entry");
+  blocks.push_back (entry_block);
+  block = new jit_block ("body");
+  blocks.push_back (block);
+
+  final_block = new jit_block ("final");
+  visit (tee);
+  blocks.push_back (final_block);
+
+  entry_block->append (new jit_break (block));
+  block->append (new jit_break (final_block));
+
+  for (variable_map::iterator iter = variables.begin ();
+       iter != variables.end (); ++iter)
+    final_block->append (new jit_store_argument (iter->first, iter->second));
+
+  // FIXME: Maybe we should remove dead code here?
+
+  // initialize the worklist to instructions derived from constants
+  for (std::list<jit_value *>::iterator iter = constants.begin ();
+       iter != constants.end (); ++iter)
+    append_users (*iter);
+
+  // FIXME: Describe algorithm here
+  while (worklist.size ())
+    {
+      jit_instruction *next = worklist.front ();
+      worklist.pop_front ();
+
+      if (next->infer ())
+        append_users (next);
+    }
+
+  if (debug_print)
+    {
+      std::cout << "-------------------- Compiling tree --------------------\n";
+      std::cout << tee.str_print_code () << std::endl;
+      std::cout << "-------------------- octave jit ir --------------------\n";
+      for (std::list<jit_block *>::iterator iter = blocks.begin ();
+           iter != blocks.end (); ++iter)
+        (*iter)->print (std::cout, 0);
+      std::cout << std::endl;
+    }
+
+  convert_llvm to_llvm;
+  function = to_llvm.convert (module, arguments, blocks, constants);
+
+  if (debug_print)
+    {
+      std::cout << "-------------------- llvm ir --------------------";
+      llvm::raw_os_ostream llvm_cout (std::cout);
+      function->print (llvm_cout);
+      std::cout << std::endl;
+    }
+}
+
+void
+jit_convert::visit_anon_fcn_handle (tree_anon_fcn_handle&)
+{
+  fail ();
+}
+
+void
+jit_convert::visit_argument_list (tree_argument_list&)
+{
+  fail ();
+}
+
+void
+jit_convert::visit_binary_expression (tree_binary_expression& be)
+{
+  if (be.op_type () >= octave_value::num_binary_ops)
+    // this is the case for bool_or and bool_and
+    fail ();
+
+  tree_expression *lhs = be.lhs ();
+  jit_value *lhsv = visit (lhs);
+
+  tree_expression *rhs = be.rhs ();
+  jit_value *rhsv = visit (rhs);
+
+  const jit_function& fn = jit_typeinfo::binary_op (be.op_type ());
+  result = block->append (new jit_call (fn, lhsv, rhsv));
+}
+
+void
+jit_convert::visit_break_command (tree_break_command&)
+{
+  fail ();
+}
+
+void
+jit_convert::visit_colon_expression (tree_colon_expression&)
+{
+  fail ();
+}
+
+void
+jit_convert::visit_continue_command (tree_continue_command&)
+{
+  fail ();
+}
+
+void
+jit_convert::visit_global_command (tree_global_command&)
+{
+  fail ();
+}
+
+void
+jit_convert::visit_persistent_command (tree_persistent_command&)
+{
+  fail ();
+}
+
+void
+jit_convert::visit_decl_elt (tree_decl_elt&)
+{
+  fail ();
+}
+
+void
+jit_convert::visit_decl_init_list (tree_decl_init_list&)
+{
+  fail ();
+}
+
+void
+jit_convert::visit_simple_for_command (tree_simple_for_command&)
+{
+  fail ();
+}
+
+void
+jit_convert::visit_complex_for_command (tree_complex_for_command&)
+{
+  fail ();
+}
+
+void
+jit_convert::visit_octave_user_script (octave_user_script&)
+{
+  fail ();
+}
+
+void
+jit_convert::visit_octave_user_function (octave_user_function&)
+{
+  fail ();
+}
+
+void
+jit_convert::visit_octave_user_function_header (octave_user_function&)
+{
+  fail ();
+}
+
+void
+jit_convert::visit_octave_user_function_trailer (octave_user_function&)
+{
+  fail ();
+}
+
+void
+jit_convert::visit_function_def (tree_function_def&)
+{
+  fail ();
+}
+
+void
+jit_convert::visit_identifier (tree_identifier& ti)
+{
+  std::string name = ti.name ();
+  variable_map::iterator iter = variables.find (name);
+  jit_value *var;
+  if (iter == variables.end ())
+    {
+      octave_value var_value = ti.do_lookup ();
+      jit_type *var_type = jit_typeinfo::type_of (var_value);
+      var = entry_block->append (new jit_extract_argument (var_type, name));
+      constants.push_back (var);
+      bounds.push_back (std::make_pair (var_type, name));
+      variables[name] = var;
+      arguments.push_back (std::make_pair (name, true));
+    }
+  else
+    var = iter->second;
+
+  const jit_function& fn = jit_typeinfo::grab ();
+  result = block->append (new jit_call (fn, var));
+}
+
+void
+jit_convert::visit_if_clause (tree_if_clause&)
+{
+  fail ();
+}
+
+void
+jit_convert::visit_if_command (tree_if_command&)
+{
+  fail ();
+}
+
+void
+jit_convert::visit_if_command_list (tree_if_command_list&)
+{
+  fail ();
+}
+
+void
+jit_convert::visit_index_expression (tree_index_expression&)
+{
+  fail ();
+}
+
+void
+jit_convert::visit_matrix (tree_matrix&)
+{
+  fail ();
+}
+
+void
+jit_convert::visit_cell (tree_cell&)
+{
+  fail ();
+}
+
+void
+jit_convert::visit_multi_assignment (tree_multi_assignment&)
+{
+  fail ();
+}
+
+void
+jit_convert::visit_no_op_command (tree_no_op_command&)
+{
+  fail ();
+}
+
+void
+jit_convert::visit_constant (tree_constant& tc)
+{
+  octave_value v = tc.rvalue1 ();
+  if (v.is_real_scalar () && v.is_double_type ())
+    {
+      double dv = v.double_value ();
+      result = get_scalar (dv);
+    }
+  else if (v.is_range ())
+    fail ();
+  else
+    fail ();
+}
+
+void
+jit_convert::visit_fcn_handle (tree_fcn_handle&)
+{
+  fail ();
+}
+
+void
+jit_convert::visit_parameter_list (tree_parameter_list&)
+{
+  fail ();
+}
+
+void
+jit_convert::visit_postfix_expression (tree_postfix_expression&)
+{
+  fail ();
+}
+
+void
+jit_convert::visit_prefix_expression (tree_prefix_expression&)
+{
+  fail ();
+}
+
+void
+jit_convert::visit_return_command (tree_return_command&)
+{
+  fail ();
+}
+
+void
+jit_convert::visit_return_list (tree_return_list&)
+{
+  fail ();
+}
+
+void
+jit_convert::visit_simple_assignment (tree_simple_assignment& tsa)
+{
+  // resolve rhs
+  tree_expression *rhs = tsa.right_hand_side ();
+  jit_value *rhsv = visit (rhs);
+
+  // resolve lhs
+  tree_expression *lhs = tsa.left_hand_side ();
+  if (! lhs->is_identifier ())
+    fail ();
+
+  std::string lhs_name = lhs->name ();
+  do_assign (lhs_name, rhsv, tsa.print_result ());
+  result = rhsv;
+
+  if (jit_instruction *instr = dynamic_cast<jit_instruction *>(rhsv))
+    instr->stash_tag (lhs_name);
+}
+
+void
+jit_convert::visit_statement (tree_statement& stmt)
+{
+  tree_command *cmd = stmt.command ();
+  tree_expression *expr = stmt.expression ();
+
+  if (cmd)
+    visit (cmd);
+  else
+    {
+      // stolen from tree_evaluator::visit_statement
+      bool do_bind_ans = false;
+
+      if (expr->is_identifier ())
+        {
+          tree_identifier *id = dynamic_cast<tree_identifier *> (expr);
+
+          do_bind_ans = (! id->is_variable ());
+        }
+      else
+        do_bind_ans = (! expr->is_assignment_expression ());
+
+      jit_value *expr_result = visit (expr);
+
+      if (do_bind_ans)
+        do_assign ("ans", expr_result, expr->print_result ());
+      else if (expr->is_identifier () && expr->print_result ())
+        {
+          // FIXME: ugly hack, we need to come up with a way to pass
+          // nargout to visit_identifier
+          const jit_function& fn = jit_typeinfo::print_value ();
+          jit_const_string *name = get_string (expr->name ());
+          block->append (new jit_call (fn, name, expr_result));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void
+jit_convert::visit_statement_list (tree_statement_list&)
+{
+  fail ();
+}
+
+void
+jit_convert::visit_switch_case (tree_switch_case&)
+{
+  fail ();
+}
+
+void
+jit_convert::visit_switch_case_list (tree_switch_case_list&)
+{
+  fail ();
+}
+
+void
+jit_convert::visit_switch_command (tree_switch_command&)
+{
+  fail ();
+}
+
+void
+jit_convert::visit_try_catch_command (tree_try_catch_command&)
+{
+  fail ();
+}
+
+void
+jit_convert::visit_unwind_protect_command (tree_unwind_protect_command&)
+{
+  fail ();
+}
+
+void
+jit_convert::visit_while_command (tree_while_command&)
+{
+  fail ();
+}
+
+void
+jit_convert::visit_do_until_command (tree_do_until_command&)
+{
+  fail ();
+}
+
+void
+jit_convert::do_assign (const std::string& lhs, jit_value *rhs, bool print)
+{
+  variable_map::iterator iter = variables.find (lhs);
+  if (iter == variables.end ())
+    arguments.push_back (std::make_pair (lhs, false));
+  else
+    {
+      const jit_function& fn = jit_typeinfo::release ();
+      block->append (new jit_call (fn, iter->second));
+    }
+
+  variables[lhs] = rhs;
+
+  if (print)
+    {
+      const jit_function& fn = jit_typeinfo::print_value ();
+      jit_const_string *name = get_string (lhs);
+      block->append (new jit_call (fn, name, rhs));
+    }
+}
+
+jit_value *
+jit_convert::visit (tree& tee)
+{
+  result = 0;
+  tee.accept (*this);
+
+  jit_value *ret = result;
+  result = 0;
+  return ret;
+}
+
+// -------------------- jit_convert::convert_llvm --------------------
+llvm::Function *
+jit_convert::convert_llvm::convert (llvm::Module *module,
+                                    const std::vector<std::pair< std::string, bool> >& args,
+                                    const std::list<jit_block *>& blocks,
+                                    const std::list<jit_value *>& constants)
+{
+  jit_type *any = jit_typeinfo::get_any ();
+
+  // argument is an array of octave_base_value*, or octave_base_value**
+  llvm::Type *arg_type = any->to_llvm (); // this is octave_base_value*
+  arg_type = arg_type->getPointerTo ();
+  llvm::FunctionType *ft = llvm::FunctionType::get (llvm::Type::getVoidTy (context),
+                                                    arg_type, false);
+  llvm::Function *function = llvm::Function::Create (ft,
+                                                     llvm::Function::ExternalLinkage,
+                                                     "foobar", module);
+
+  try
+    {
+      llvm::BasicBlock *prelude = llvm::BasicBlock::Create (context, "prelude",
+                                                            function);
+      builder.SetInsertPoint (prelude);
+
+      llvm::Value *arg = function->arg_begin ();
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < args.size (); ++i)
+        {
+          llvm::Value *loaded_arg = builder.CreateConstInBoundsGEP1_32 (arg, i);
+          arguments[args[i].first] = loaded_arg;
+        }
+
+      // we need to generate llvm values for constants, as these don't appear in
+      // a block
+      for (std::list<jit_value *>::const_iterator iter = constants.begin ();
+           iter != constants.end (); ++iter)
+        {
+          jit_value *constant = *iter;
+          if (! dynamic_cast<jit_instruction *> (constant))
+            visit (constant);
+        }
+
+      std::list<jit_block *>::const_iterator biter;
+      for (biter = blocks.begin (); biter != blocks.end (); ++biter)
+        {
+          jit_block *jblock = *biter;
+          llvm::BasicBlock *block = llvm::BasicBlock::Create (context, jblock->name (),
+                                                              function);
+          jblock->stash_llvm (block);
+        }
+
+      jit_block *first = *blocks.begin ();
+      builder.CreateBr (first->to_llvm ());
+
+      for (biter = blocks.begin (); biter != blocks.end (); ++biter)
+        visit (*biter);
+
+      builder.CreateRetVoid ();
+    } catch (const jit_fail_exception&)
+    {
+      function->eraseFromParent ();
+      throw;
+    }
+
+  llvm::verifyFunction (*function);
+
+  return function;
+}
+
+void
+jit_convert::convert_llvm::visit_const_string (jit_const_string& cs)
+{
+  cs.stash_llvm (builder.CreateGlobalStringPtr (cs.value ()));
+}
+
+void
+jit_convert::convert_llvm::visit_const_scalar (jit_const_scalar& cs)
+{
+  llvm::Type *dbl = llvm::Type::getDoubleTy (context);
+  cs.stash_llvm (llvm::ConstantFP::get (dbl, cs.value ()));
+}
+
+void
+jit_convert::convert_llvm::visit_block (jit_block& b)
+{
+  llvm::BasicBlock *block = b.to_llvm ();
+  builder.SetInsertPoint (block);
+  for (jit_block::iterator iter = b.begin (); iter != b.end (); ++iter)
+    visit (*iter);
+}
+
+void
+jit_convert::convert_llvm::visit_break (jit_break& b)
+{
+  builder.CreateBr (b.sucessor_llvm ());
+}
+
+void
+jit_convert::convert_llvm::visit_cond_break (jit_cond_break& cb)
+{
+  llvm::Value *cond = cb.cond_llvm ();
+  builder.CreateCondBr (cond, cb.sucessor_llvm (0), cb.sucessor_llvm (1));
+}
+
+void
+jit_convert::convert_llvm::visit_call (jit_call& call)
+{
+  const jit_function::overload& ol = call.overload ();
+  if (! ol.function)
+    fail ();
+  
+  std::vector<llvm::Value *> args (call.argument_count ());
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < call.argument_count (); ++i)
+    args[i] = call.argument_llvm (i);
+
+  call.stash_llvm (builder.CreateCall (ol.function, args));
+}
+
+void
+jit_convert::convert_llvm::visit_extract_argument (jit_extract_argument& extract)
+{
+  const jit_function::overload& ol = extract.overload ();
+  if (! ol.function)
+    fail ();
+
+  llvm::Value *arg = arguments[extract.tag ()];
+  arg = builder.CreateLoad (arg);
+  extract.stash_llvm (builder.CreateCall (ol.function, arg));
+}
+
+void
+jit_convert::convert_llvm::visit_store_argument (jit_store_argument& store)
+{
+  llvm::Value *arg_value = store.result_llvm ();
+  const jit_function::overload& ol = store.overload ();
+  if (! ol.function)
+    fail ();
+
+  arg_value = builder.CreateCall (ol.function, arg_value);
+
+  llvm::Value *arg = arguments[store.tag ()];
+  store.stash_llvm (builder.CreateStore (arg_value, arg));
+}
+
+// -------------------- tree_jit --------------------
+
+tree_jit::tree_jit (void) : context (llvm::getGlobalContext ()), engine (0)
+{
+  llvm::InitializeNativeTarget ();
+  module = new llvm::Module ("octave", context);
+}
+
+tree_jit::~tree_jit (void)
+{}
+
+bool
+tree_jit::execute (tree& cmd)
+{
+  if (! initialize ())
+    return false;
+
+  compiled_map::iterator iter = compiled.find (&cmd);
+  jit_info *jinfo = 0;
+  if (iter != compiled.end ())
+    {
+      jinfo = iter->second;
+      if (! jinfo->match ())
+        {
+          delete jinfo;
+          jinfo = 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+  if (! jinfo)
+    {
+      jinfo = new jit_info (*this, cmd);
+      compiled[&cmd] = jinfo;
+    }
+
+  return jinfo->execute ();
+}
+
+bool
+tree_jit::initialize (void)
+{
+  if (engine)
+    return true;
+
+  // sometimes this fails pre main
+  engine = llvm::ExecutionEngine::createJIT (module);
+
+  if (! engine)
+    return false;
+
+  module_pass_manager = new llvm::PassManager ();
+  module_pass_manager->add (llvm::createAlwaysInlinerPass ());
+
+  pass_manager = new llvm::FunctionPassManager (module);
+  pass_manager->add (new llvm::TargetData(*engine->getTargetData ()));
+  pass_manager->add (llvm::createBasicAliasAnalysisPass ());
+  pass_manager->add (llvm::createPromoteMemoryToRegisterPass ());
+  pass_manager->add (llvm::createInstructionCombiningPass ());
+  pass_manager->add (llvm::createReassociatePass ());
+  pass_manager->add (llvm::createGVNPass ());
+  pass_manager->add (llvm::createCFGSimplificationPass ());
+  pass_manager->doInitialization ();
+
+  jit_typeinfo::initialize (module, engine);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+
+void
+tree_jit::optimize (llvm::Function *fn)
+{
+  module_pass_manager->run (*module);
+  pass_manager->run (*fn);
+}
+
+// -------------------- jit_info --------------------
+jit_info::jit_info (tree_jit& tjit, tree& tee)
+  : engine (tjit.get_engine ())
+{
+  llvm::Function *fun = 0;
+  try
+    {
+      jit_convert conv (tjit.get_module (), tee);
+      fun = conv.get_function ();
+      arguments = conv.get_arguments ();
+      bounds = conv.get_bounds ();
+    }
+  catch (const jit_fail_exception&)
+    {}
+
+  if (! fun)
+    {
+      function = 0;
+      return;
+    }
+
+  tjit.optimize (fun);
+
+  if (debug_print)
+    {
+      std::cout << "-------------------- optimized llvm ir --------------------\n";
+      llvm::raw_os_ostream llvm_cout (std::cout);
+      fun->print (llvm_cout);
+      std::cout << std::endl;
+    }
+
+  function = reinterpret_cast<jited_function>(engine->getPointerToFunction (fun));
+}
+
+bool
+jit_info::execute (void) const
+{
+  if (! function)
+    return false;
+
+  std::vector<octave_base_value *> real_arguments (arguments.size ());
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < arguments.size (); ++i)
+    {
+      if (arguments[i].second)
+        {
+          octave_value current = symbol_table::varval (arguments[i].first);
+          octave_base_value *obv = current.internal_rep ();
+          obv->grab ();
+          real_arguments[i] = obv;
+        }
+    }
+
+  function (&real_arguments[0]);
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < arguments.size (); ++i)
+    symbol_table::varref (arguments[i].first) = real_arguments[i];
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool
+jit_info::match (void) const
+{
+  if (! function)
+    return true;
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < bounds.size (); ++i)
+    {
+      const std::string& arg_name = bounds[i].second;
+      octave_value value = symbol_table::varval (arg_name);
+      jit_type *type = jit_typeinfo::type_of (value);
+
+      // FIXME: Check for a parent relationship
+      if (type != bounds[i].first)
+        return false;
+    }
+
+  return true;
+}
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/src/pt-jit.h	Thu May 24 15:48:10 2012 -0600
@@ -0,0 +1,1244 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (C) 2012 Max Brister <max@2bass.com>
+
+This file is part of Octave.
+
+Octave is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
+Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at your
+option) any later version.
+
+Octave is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+for more details.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+along with Octave; see the file COPYING.  If not, see
+<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+*/
+
+#if !defined (octave_tree_jit_h)
+#define octave_tree_jit_h 1
+
+#include <list>
+#include <map>
+#include <set>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "Array.h"
+#include "Range.h"
+#include "pt-walk.h"
+#include "symtab.h"
+
+// -------------------- Current status --------------------
+// Simple binary operations (+-*/) on octave_scalar's (doubles) are optimized.
+// However, there is no warning emitted on divide by 0. For example,
+// a = 5;
+// b = a * 5 + a;
+//
+// For other types all binary operations are compiled but not optimized. For
+// example,
+// a = [1 2 3]
+// b = a + a;
+// will compile to do_binary_op (a, a).
+//
+// for loops and if statements no longer compile! This is because work has been
+// done to introduce a new lower level IR for octave. The low level IR looks
+// a lot like llvm's IR, but it makes it much easier to infer types. You can set
+// debug_print to true in pt-jit.cc to view the IRs that are created.
+//
+// The octave low level IR is a linear IR, it works by converting everything to
+// calls to jit_functions. This turns expressions like c = a + b into
+// c = call binary+ (a, b)
+// The jit_functions contain information about overloads for differnt types. For
+// example, if we know a and b are scalars, then c must also be a scalar.
+//
+// You will currently see a LARGE slowdown, as every statement is compiled
+// seperatly!
+//
+// TODO:
+// 1. Support for loops
+// 2. Support if statements
+// 3. Cleanup/documentation
+// 4. ...
+// ---------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+// we don't want to include llvm headers here, as they require __STDC_LIMIT_MACROS
+// and __STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS be defined in the entire compilation unit
+namespace llvm
+{
+  class Value;
+  class Module;
+  class FunctionPassManager;
+  class PassManager;
+  class ExecutionEngine;
+  class Function;
+  class BasicBlock;
+  class LLVMContext;
+  class Type;
+  class Twine;
+}
+
+class octave_base_value;
+class octave_value;
+class tree;
+
+// jit_range is compatable with the llvm range structure
+struct
+jit_range
+{
+  jit_range (void) {}
+
+  jit_range (const Range& from) : base (from.base ()), limit (from.limit ()),
+    inc (from.inc ()), nelem (from.nelem ())
+    {}
+
+  operator Range () const
+  {
+    return Range (base, limit, inc);
+  }
+
+  double base;
+  double limit;
+  double inc;
+  octave_idx_type nelem;
+};
+
+// Used to keep track of estimated (infered) types during JIT. This is a
+// hierarchical type system which includes both concrete and abstract types.
+//
+// Current, we only support any and scalar types. If we can't figure out what
+// type a variable is, we assign it the any type. This allows us to generate
+// code even for the case of poor type inference.
+class
+jit_type
+{
+public:
+  jit_type (const std::string& aname, jit_type *aparent, llvm::Type *allvm_type,
+            int aid) :
+    mname (aname), mparent (aparent), llvm_type (allvm_type), mid (aid),
+    mdepth (aparent ? aparent->mdepth + 1 : 0)
+  {}
+
+  // a user readable type name
+  const std::string& name (void) const { return mname; }
+
+  // a unique id for the type
+  int type_id (void) const { return mid; }
+
+  // An abstract base type, may be null
+  jit_type *parent (void) const { return mparent; }
+
+  // convert to an llvm type
+  llvm::Type *to_llvm (void) const { return llvm_type; }
+
+  // how this type gets passed as a function argument
+  llvm::Type *to_llvm_arg (void) const;
+
+  size_t depth (void) const { return mdepth; }
+private:
+  std::string mname;
+  jit_type *mparent;
+  llvm::Type *llvm_type;
+  int mid;
+  size_t mdepth;
+};
+
+// seperate print function to allow easy printing if type is null
+static std::ostream& jit_print (std::ostream& os, jit_type *atype)
+{
+  if (! atype)
+    return os << "null";
+  return os << atype->name ();
+}
+
+// Keeps track of overloads for a builtin function. Used for both type inference
+// and code generation.
+class
+jit_function
+{
+public:
+  struct overload
+  {
+    overload (void) : function (0), can_error (true), result (0) {}
+
+    overload (llvm::Function *f, bool e, jit_type *r, jit_type *arg0) :
+      function (f), can_error (e), result (r), arguments (1)
+    {
+      arguments[0] = arg0;
+    }
+
+    overload (llvm::Function *f, bool e, jit_type *r, jit_type *arg0,
+              jit_type *arg1) : function (f), can_error (e), result (r),
+                                arguments (2)
+    {
+      arguments[0] = arg0;
+      arguments[1] = arg1;
+    }
+
+    llvm::Function *function;
+    bool can_error;
+    jit_type *result;
+    std::vector<jit_type*> arguments;
+  };
+
+  void add_overload (const overload& func)
+  {
+    add_overload (func, func.arguments);
+  }
+
+  void add_overload (llvm::Function *f, bool e, jit_type *r, jit_type *arg0)
+  {
+    overload ol (f, e, r, arg0);
+    add_overload (ol);
+  }
+
+  void add_overload (llvm::Function *f, bool e, jit_type *r, jit_type *arg0,
+                     jit_type *arg1)
+  {
+    overload ol (f, e, r, arg0, arg1);
+    add_overload (ol);
+  }
+
+  void add_overload (const overload& func,
+                     const std::vector<jit_type*>& args);
+
+  const overload& get_overload (const std::vector<jit_type *>& types) const;
+
+  const overload& get_overload (jit_type *arg0) const
+  {
+    std::vector<jit_type *> types (1);
+    types[0] = arg0;
+    return get_overload (types);
+  }
+
+  const overload& get_overload (jit_type *arg0, jit_type *arg1) const
+  {
+    std::vector<jit_type *> types (2);
+    types[0] = arg0;
+    types[1] = arg1;
+    return get_overload (types);
+  }
+
+  jit_type *get_result (const std::vector<jit_type *>& types) const
+  {
+    const overload& temp = get_overload (types);
+    return temp.result;
+  }
+
+  jit_type *get_result (jit_type *arg0, jit_type *arg1) const
+  {
+    const overload& temp = get_overload (arg0, arg1);
+    return temp.result;
+  }
+
+  const std::string& name (void) const { return mname; }
+
+  void stash_name (const std::string& aname) { mname = aname; }
+private:
+  Array<octave_idx_type> to_idx (const std::vector<jit_type*>& types) const;
+
+  std::vector<Array<overload> > overloads;
+
+  std::string mname;
+};
+
+// Get information and manipulate jit types.
+class
+jit_typeinfo
+{
+public:
+  static void initialize (llvm::Module *m, llvm::ExecutionEngine *e);
+
+  static jit_type *tunion (jit_type *lhs, jit_type *rhs)
+  {
+    return instance->do_union (lhs, rhs);
+  }
+
+  static jit_type *difference (jit_type *lhs, jit_type *rhs)
+  {
+    return instance->do_difference (lhs, rhs);
+  }
+
+  static jit_type *get_any (void) { return instance->any; }
+
+  static jit_type *get_scalar (void) { return instance->scalar; }
+
+  static jit_type *get_range (void) { return instance->range; }
+
+  static jit_type *get_string (void) { return instance->string; }
+
+  static jit_type *get_bool (void) { return instance->boolean; }
+
+  static jit_type *get_index (void) { return instance->index; }
+
+  static jit_type *type_of (const octave_value& ov)
+  {
+    return instance->do_type_of (ov);
+  }
+
+  static const jit_function& binary_op (int op)
+  {
+    return instance->do_binary_op (op);
+  }
+
+  static const jit_function& grab (void) { return instance->grab_fn; }
+
+  static const jit_function& release (void)
+  {
+    return instance->release_fn;
+  }
+
+  static const jit_function& print_value (void)
+  {
+    return instance->print_fn;
+  }
+
+  static const jit_function& cast (jit_type *result)
+  {
+    return instance->do_cast (result);
+  }
+
+  static const jit_function::overload& cast (jit_type *to, jit_type *from)
+  {
+    return instance->do_cast (to, from);
+  }
+private:
+  jit_typeinfo (llvm::Module *m, llvm::ExecutionEngine *e);
+
+  // FIXME: Do these methods really need to be in jit_typeinfo?
+  jit_type *do_union (jit_type *lhs, jit_type *rhs)
+  {
+    // FIXME: Actually introduce a union type
+
+    // empty case
+    if (! lhs)
+      return rhs;
+
+    if (! rhs)
+      return lhs;
+
+    // check for a shared parent
+    while (lhs != rhs)
+      {
+        if (lhs->depth () > rhs->depth ())
+          lhs = lhs->parent ();
+        else if (lhs->depth () < rhs->depth ())
+          rhs = rhs->parent ();
+        else
+          {
+            // we MUST have depth > 0 as any is the base type of everything
+            do
+              {
+                lhs = lhs->parent ();
+                rhs = rhs->parent ();
+              }
+            while (lhs != rhs);
+          }
+      }
+
+    return lhs;
+  }
+
+  jit_type *do_difference (jit_type *lhs, jit_type *)
+  {
+    // FIXME: Maybe we can do something smarter?
+    return lhs;
+  }
+
+  jit_type *do_type_of (const octave_value &ov) const;
+  
+  const jit_function& do_binary_op (int op) const
+  {
+    assert (static_cast<size_t>(op) < binary_ops.size ());
+    return binary_ops[op];
+  }
+
+  const jit_function& do_cast (jit_type *to)
+  {
+    static jit_function null_function;
+    if (! to)
+      return null_function;
+
+    size_t id = to->type_id ();
+    if (id >= casts.size ())
+      return null_function;
+    return casts[id];
+  }
+
+  const jit_function::overload& do_cast (jit_type *to, jit_type *from)
+  {
+    return do_cast (to).get_overload (from);
+  }
+  
+  jit_type *new_type (const std::string& name, jit_type *parent,
+                      llvm::Type *llvm_type);
+                      
+
+  void add_print (jit_type *ty, void *call);
+
+  void add_binary_op (jit_type *ty, int op, int llvm_op);
+
+  void add_binary_icmp (jit_type *ty, int op, int llvm_op);
+
+  void add_binary_fcmp (jit_type *ty, int op, int llvm_op);
+
+  llvm::Function *create_function (const llvm::Twine& name, llvm::Type *ret,
+                                   llvm::Type *arg0)
+  {
+    std::vector<llvm::Type *> args (1, arg0);
+    return create_function (name, ret, args);
+  }
+
+  llvm::Function *create_function (const llvm::Twine& name, jit_type *ret,
+                                   jit_type *arg0)
+  {
+    return create_function (name, ret->to_llvm (), arg0->to_llvm ());
+  }
+
+  llvm::Function *create_function (const llvm::Twine& name, llvm::Type *ret,
+                                   llvm::Type *arg0, llvm::Type *arg1)
+  {
+    std::vector<llvm::Type *> args (2);
+    args[0] = arg0;
+    args[1] = arg1;
+    return create_function (name, ret, args);
+  }
+
+  llvm::Function *create_function (const llvm::Twine& name, jit_type *ret,
+                                   jit_type *arg0, jit_type *arg1)
+  {
+    return create_function (name, ret->to_llvm (), arg0->to_llvm (),
+                            arg1->to_llvm ());
+  }
+
+  llvm::Function *create_function (const llvm::Twine& name, llvm::Type *ret,
+                                   llvm::Type *arg0, llvm::Type *arg1,
+                                   llvm::Type *arg2)
+  {
+    std::vector<llvm::Type *> args (3);
+    args[0] = arg0;
+    args[1] = arg1;
+    args[2] = arg2;
+    return create_function (name, ret, args);
+  }
+
+  llvm::Function *create_function (const llvm::Twine& name, jit_type *ret,
+                                   jit_type *arg0, jit_type *arg1,
+                                   jit_type *arg2)
+  {
+    return create_function (name, ret->to_llvm (), arg0->to_llvm (),
+                            arg1->to_llvm (), arg2->to_llvm ());
+  }
+
+  llvm::Function *create_function (const llvm::Twine& name, llvm::Type *ret,
+                                   const std::vector<llvm::Type *>& args);
+
+  llvm::Function *create_identity (jit_type *type);
+
+  static jit_typeinfo *instance;
+
+  llvm::Module *module;
+  llvm::ExecutionEngine *engine;
+  int next_id;
+
+  llvm::Type *ov_t;
+
+  std::vector<jit_type*> id_to_type;
+  jit_type *any;
+  jit_type *scalar;
+  jit_type *range;
+  jit_type *string;
+  jit_type *boolean;
+  jit_type *index;
+
+  std::vector<jit_function> binary_ops;
+  jit_function grab_fn;
+  jit_function release_fn;
+  jit_function print_fn;
+  jit_function simple_for_check;
+  jit_function simple_for_incr;
+  jit_function simple_for_index;
+  jit_function logically_true;
+
+  // type id -> cast function TO that type
+  std::vector<jit_function> casts;
+
+  // type id -> identity function
+  std::vector<llvm::Function *> identities;
+};
+
+// The low level octave jit ir
+// this ir is close to llvm, but contains information for doing type inference.
+// We convert the octave parse tree to this IR directly.
+
+#define JIT_VISIT_IR_CLASSES                    \
+  JIT_METH(const_string);                       \
+  JIT_METH(const_scalar);                       \
+  JIT_METH(block);                              \
+  JIT_METH(break);                              \
+  JIT_METH(cond_break);                         \
+  JIT_METH(call);                               \
+  JIT_METH(extract_argument);                   \
+  JIT_METH(store_argument)
+
+
+#define JIT_METH(clname) class jit_ ## clname
+JIT_VISIT_IR_CLASSES;
+#undef JIT_METH
+
+class
+jit_ir_walker
+{
+public:
+  virtual ~jit_ir_walker () {}
+
+#define JIT_METH(clname) \
+  virtual void visit_ ## clname (jit_ ## clname&) = 0
+
+  JIT_VISIT_IR_CLASSES;
+
+#undef JIT_METH
+};
+
+class jit_use;
+
+class
+jit_value
+{
+  friend class jit_use;
+public:
+  jit_value (void) : llvm_value (0), ty (0), use_head (0) {}
+
+  virtual ~jit_value (void) {}
+
+  jit_type *type () const { return ty; }
+
+  void stash_type (jit_type *new_ty) { ty = new_ty; }
+
+  jit_use *first_use (void) const { return use_head; }
+
+  size_t use_count (void) const { return myuse_count; }
+
+  virtual std::ostream& print (std::ostream& os, size_t indent = 0) = 0;
+
+  virtual std::ostream& short_print (std::ostream& os)
+  { return print (os); }
+
+  virtual void accept (jit_ir_walker& walker) = 0;
+
+  llvm::Value *to_llvm (void) const
+  {
+    return llvm_value;
+  }
+
+  void stash_llvm (llvm::Value *compiled)
+  {
+    llvm_value = compiled;
+  }
+protected:
+  std::ostream& print_indent (std::ostream& os, size_t indent)
+  {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < indent; ++i)
+      os << "\t";
+    return os;
+  }
+
+  llvm::Value *llvm_value;
+private:
+  jit_type *ty;
+  jit_use *use_head;
+  size_t myuse_count;
+};
+
+// defnie accept methods for subclasses
+#define JIT_VALUE_ACCEPT(clname)                \
+  virtual void accept (jit_ir_walker& walker)   \
+  {                                             \
+  walker.visit_ ## clname (*this);              \
+  }
+
+class
+jit_const_string : public jit_value
+{
+public:
+  jit_const_string (const std::string& v) : val (v)
+  {
+    stash_type (jit_typeinfo::get_string ());
+  }
+
+  const std::string& value (void) const { return val; }
+
+  virtual std::ostream& print (std::ostream& os, size_t indent)
+  {
+    return print_indent (os, indent) << "string: \"" << val << "\"";
+  }
+
+  JIT_VALUE_ACCEPT (const_string)
+private:
+  std::string val;
+};
+
+class
+jit_const_scalar : public jit_value
+{
+public:
+  jit_const_scalar (double avalue) : mvalue (avalue)
+  {
+    stash_type (jit_typeinfo::get_scalar ());
+  }
+
+  double value (void) const { return mvalue; }
+
+  virtual std::ostream& print (std::ostream& os, size_t indent)
+  {
+    return print_indent (os, indent) << "scalar: \"" << mvalue << "\"";
+  }
+
+  JIT_VALUE_ACCEPT (const_scalar)
+private:
+  double mvalue;
+};
+
+class jit_instruction;
+
+class
+jit_use
+{
+public:
+  jit_use (void) : used (0), next_use (0), prev_use (0) {}
+
+  ~jit_use (void) { remove (); }
+
+  jit_value *value (void) const { return used; }
+
+  size_t index (void) const { return idx; }
+
+  jit_instruction *user (void) const { return usr; }
+
+  void stash_value (jit_value *new_value, jit_instruction *u = 0,
+                    size_t use_idx = -1)
+  {
+    remove ();
+
+    used = new_value;
+
+    if (used)
+      {
+        if (used->use_head)
+          {
+            used->use_head->prev_use = this;
+            next_use = used->use_head;
+          }
+        
+        used->use_head = this;
+        ++used->myuse_count;
+      }
+
+    idx = use_idx;
+    usr = u;
+  }
+
+  jit_use *next (void) const { return next_use; }
+
+  jit_use *prev (void) const { return prev_use; }
+private:
+  void remove (void)
+  {
+    if (used)
+      {
+        if (this == used->use_head)
+            used->use_head = next_use;
+
+        if (prev_use)
+          prev_use->next_use = next_use;
+
+        if (next_use)
+          next_use->prev_use = prev_use;
+
+        next_use = prev_use = 0;
+        --used->myuse_count;
+      }
+  }
+
+  jit_value *used;
+  jit_use *next_use;
+  jit_use *prev_use;
+  jit_instruction *usr;
+  size_t idx;
+};
+
+class
+jit_instruction : public jit_value
+{
+public:
+  // FIXME: this code could be so much pretier with varadic templates...
+#define JIT_EXTRACT_ARG(idx) arguments[idx].stash_value (arg ## idx, this, idx)
+
+  jit_instruction (void) : id (next_id ())
+  {
+  }
+
+  jit_instruction (jit_value *arg0)
+    : already_infered (1, reinterpret_cast<jit_type *>(0)), arguments (1), 
+      id (next_id ())
+  {
+    JIT_EXTRACT_ARG (0);
+  }
+
+  jit_instruction (jit_value *arg0, jit_value *arg1)
+    : already_infered (2, reinterpret_cast<jit_type *>(0)), arguments (2), 
+      id (next_id ())
+  {
+    JIT_EXTRACT_ARG (0);
+    JIT_EXTRACT_ARG (1);
+  }
+
+  jit_instruction (jit_value *arg0, jit_value *arg1, jit_value *arg2)
+    : already_infered (3, reinterpret_cast<jit_type *>(0)), arguments (3), 
+      id (next_id ())
+  {
+    JIT_EXTRACT_ARG (0);
+    JIT_EXTRACT_ARG (1);
+    JIT_EXTRACT_ARG (2);
+  }
+
+#undef JIT_EXTRACT_ARG
+
+  static void reset_ids (void)
+  {
+    next_id (true);
+  }
+
+  jit_value *argument (size_t i) const
+  {
+    return arguments[i].value ();
+  }
+
+  llvm::Value *argument_llvm (size_t i) const
+  {
+    return arguments[i].value ()->to_llvm ();
+  }
+
+  jit_type *argument_type (size_t i) const
+  {
+    return arguments[i].value ()->type ();
+  }
+
+  size_t argument_count (void) const
+  {
+    return arguments.size ();
+  }
+
+  // argument types which have been infered already
+  const std::vector<jit_type *>& argument_types (void) const
+  { return already_infered; }
+
+  virtual bool infer (void) { return false; }
+
+  virtual std::ostream& short_print (std::ostream& os)
+  {
+    if (mtag.empty ())
+      jit_print (os, type ()) << ": #" << id;
+    else
+      jit_print (os, type ()) << ": " << mtag << "." << id;
+
+    return os;
+  }
+
+  const std::string& tag (void) const { return mtag; }
+
+  void stash_tag (const std::string& atag) { mtag = atag; }
+protected:
+  std::vector<jit_type *> already_infered;
+private:
+  static size_t next_id (bool reset = false)
+  {
+    static size_t ret = 0;
+    if (reset)
+      return ret = 0;
+
+    return ret++;
+  }
+
+  std::vector<jit_use> arguments; // DO NOT resize
+
+  std::string mtag;
+  size_t id;
+};
+
+class
+jit_block : public jit_value
+{
+public:
+  typedef std::list<jit_instruction *> instruction_list;
+  typedef instruction_list::iterator iterator;
+  typedef instruction_list::const_iterator const_iterator;
+
+  jit_block (const std::string& n) : nm (n) {}
+
+  virtual ~jit_block ()
+  {
+    for (instruction_list::iterator iter = instructions.begin ();
+         iter != instructions.end (); ++iter)
+      delete *iter;
+  }
+
+  const std::string& name (void) const { return nm; }
+
+  jit_instruction *prepend (jit_instruction *instr)
+  {
+    instructions.push_front (instr);
+    return instr;
+  }
+
+  jit_instruction *append (jit_instruction *instr)
+  {
+    instructions.push_back (instr);
+    return instr;
+  }
+
+  iterator begin () { return instructions.begin (); }
+
+  const_iterator begin () const { return instructions.begin (); }
+
+  iterator end () { return instructions.end (); }
+
+  const_iterator end () const { return instructions.begin (); }
+
+  virtual std::ostream& print (std::ostream& os, size_t indent)
+  {
+    print_indent (os, indent) << nm << ":" << std::endl;
+    for (iterator iter = begin (); iter != end (); ++iter)
+      {
+        jit_instruction *instr = *iter;
+        instr->print (os, indent + 1) << std::endl;
+      }
+    return os;
+  }
+
+  llvm::BasicBlock *to_llvm (void) const;
+
+  JIT_VALUE_ACCEPT (block)
+private:
+  std::string nm;
+  instruction_list instructions;
+};
+
+class jit_terminator : public jit_instruction
+{
+public:
+  jit_terminator (jit_value *arg0) : jit_instruction (arg0) {}
+
+  jit_terminator (jit_value *arg0, jit_value *arg1, jit_value *arg2)
+    : jit_instruction (arg0, arg1, arg2) {}
+
+  virtual jit_block *sucessor (size_t idx = 0) const = 0;
+
+  llvm::BasicBlock *sucessor_llvm (size_t idx = 0) const
+  {
+    return sucessor (idx)->to_llvm ();
+  }
+
+  virtual size_t sucessor_count (void) const = 0;
+};
+
+class
+jit_break : public jit_terminator
+{
+public:
+  jit_break (jit_block *succ) : jit_terminator (succ) {}
+
+  jit_block *sucessor (size_t idx = 0) const
+  {
+    jit_value *arg = argument (idx);
+    return reinterpret_cast<jit_block *> (arg);
+  }
+
+  size_t sucessor_count (void) const { return 1; }
+
+  virtual std::ostream& print (std::ostream& os, size_t indent)
+  {
+    jit_block *succ = sucessor ();
+    return print_indent (os, indent) << "break: " << succ->name ();
+  }
+
+  JIT_VALUE_ACCEPT (break)
+};
+
+class
+jit_cond_break : public jit_terminator
+{
+public:
+  jit_cond_break (jit_value *c, jit_block *ctrue, jit_block *cfalse)
+    : jit_terminator (c, ctrue, cfalse) {}
+
+  jit_value *cond (void) const { return argument (0); }
+
+  llvm::Value *cond_llvm (void) const
+  {
+    return cond ()->to_llvm ();
+  }
+
+  jit_block *sucessor (size_t idx) const
+  {
+    jit_value *arg = argument (idx + 1);
+    return reinterpret_cast<jit_block *> (arg);
+  }
+
+  size_t sucessor_count (void) const { return 2; }
+
+  JIT_VALUE_ACCEPT (cond_break)
+};
+
+class
+jit_call : public jit_instruction
+{
+public:
+  jit_call (const jit_function& afunction,
+            jit_value *arg0) : jit_instruction (arg0), mfunction (afunction) {}
+
+  jit_call (const jit_function& afunction,
+            jit_value *arg0, jit_value *arg1) : jit_instruction (arg0, arg1),
+                                                mfunction (afunction) {}
+
+  const jit_function& function (void) const { return mfunction; }
+
+  const jit_function::overload& overload (void) const
+  {
+    return mfunction.get_overload (argument_types ());
+  }
+
+  virtual std::ostream& print (std::ostream& os, size_t indent)
+  {
+    print_indent (os, indent);
+
+    if (use_count ())
+      short_print (os) << " = ";
+    os << "call " << mfunction.name () << " (";
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < argument_count (); ++i)
+      {
+        jit_value *arg = argument (i);
+        arg->short_print (os);
+        if (i + 1 < argument_count ())
+          os << ", ";
+      }
+    return os << ")";
+  }
+
+  virtual bool infer (void);
+
+  JIT_VALUE_ACCEPT (call)
+private:
+  const jit_function& mfunction;
+};
+
+class
+jit_extract_argument : public jit_instruction
+{
+public:
+  jit_extract_argument (jit_type *atype, const std::string& aname)
+    : jit_instruction ()
+  {
+    stash_type (atype);
+    stash_tag (aname);
+  }
+
+  const jit_function::overload& overload (void) const
+  {
+    return jit_typeinfo::cast (type (), jit_typeinfo::get_any ());
+  }
+
+  virtual std::ostream& print (std::ostream& os, size_t indent)
+  {
+    print_indent (os, indent);
+    return short_print (os) << " = extract: " << tag ();
+  }
+
+  JIT_VALUE_ACCEPT (extract_argument)
+};
+
+class
+jit_store_argument : public jit_instruction
+{
+public:
+  jit_store_argument (const std::string& aname, jit_value *aresult)
+    : jit_instruction (aresult)
+  {
+    stash_tag (aname);
+  }
+
+  const jit_function::overload& overload (void) const
+  {
+    return jit_typeinfo::cast (jit_typeinfo::get_any (), result_type ());
+  }
+
+  jit_value *result (void) const
+  {
+    return argument (0);
+  }
+
+  jit_type *result_type (void) const
+  {
+    return result ()->type ();
+  }
+
+  llvm::Value *result_llvm (void) const
+  {
+    return result ()->to_llvm ();
+  }
+
+  virtual std::ostream& print (std::ostream& os, size_t indent)
+  {
+    jit_value *res = result ();
+    print_indent (os, indent) << tag () << " <- ";
+    return res->short_print (os);
+  }
+
+  JIT_VALUE_ACCEPT (store_argument)
+};
+
+// convert between IRs
+// FIXME: Class relationships are messy from here on down. They need to be
+// cleaned up.
+class
+jit_convert : public tree_walker
+{
+public:
+  typedef std::pair<jit_type *, std::string> type_bound;
+  typedef std::vector<type_bound> type_bound_vector;
+
+  jit_convert (llvm::Module *module, tree &tee);
+
+  llvm::Function *get_function (void) const { return function; }
+
+  const std::vector<std::pair<std::string, bool> >& get_arguments(void) const
+  { return arguments; }
+
+  const type_bound_vector& get_bounds (void) const { return bounds; }
+
+  void visit_anon_fcn_handle (tree_anon_fcn_handle&);
+
+  void visit_argument_list (tree_argument_list&);
+
+  void visit_binary_expression (tree_binary_expression&);
+
+  void visit_break_command (tree_break_command&);
+
+  void visit_colon_expression (tree_colon_expression&);
+
+  void visit_continue_command (tree_continue_command&);
+
+  void visit_global_command (tree_global_command&);
+
+  void visit_persistent_command (tree_persistent_command&);
+
+  void visit_decl_elt (tree_decl_elt&);
+
+  void visit_decl_init_list (tree_decl_init_list&);
+
+  void visit_simple_for_command (tree_simple_for_command&);
+
+  void visit_complex_for_command (tree_complex_for_command&);
+
+  void visit_octave_user_script (octave_user_script&);
+
+  void visit_octave_user_function (octave_user_function&);
+
+  void visit_octave_user_function_header (octave_user_function&);
+
+  void visit_octave_user_function_trailer (octave_user_function&);
+
+  void visit_function_def (tree_function_def&);
+
+  void visit_identifier (tree_identifier&);
+
+  void visit_if_clause (tree_if_clause&);
+
+  void visit_if_command (tree_if_command&);
+
+  void visit_if_command_list (tree_if_command_list&);
+
+  void visit_index_expression (tree_index_expression&);
+
+  void visit_matrix (tree_matrix&);
+
+  void visit_cell (tree_cell&);
+
+  void visit_multi_assignment (tree_multi_assignment&);
+
+  void visit_no_op_command (tree_no_op_command&);
+
+  void visit_constant (tree_constant&);
+
+  void visit_fcn_handle (tree_fcn_handle&);
+
+  void visit_parameter_list (tree_parameter_list&);
+
+  void visit_postfix_expression (tree_postfix_expression&);
+
+  void visit_prefix_expression (tree_prefix_expression&);
+
+  void visit_return_command (tree_return_command&);
+
+  void visit_return_list (tree_return_list&);
+
+  void visit_simple_assignment (tree_simple_assignment&);
+
+  void visit_statement (tree_statement&);
+
+  void visit_statement_list (tree_statement_list&);
+
+  void visit_switch_case (tree_switch_case&);
+
+  void visit_switch_case_list (tree_switch_case_list&);
+
+  void visit_switch_command (tree_switch_command&);
+
+  void visit_try_catch_command (tree_try_catch_command&);
+
+  void visit_unwind_protect_command (tree_unwind_protect_command&);
+
+  void visit_while_command (tree_while_command&);
+
+  void visit_do_until_command (tree_do_until_command&);
+private:
+  std::vector<std::pair<std::string, bool> > arguments;
+  type_bound_vector bounds;
+
+  typedef std::map<std::string, jit_value *> variable_map;
+  variable_map variables;
+
+  // used instead of return values from visit_* functions
+  jit_value *result;
+
+  jit_block *block;
+  jit_block *entry_block;
+  jit_block *final_block;
+
+  llvm::Function *function;
+
+  std::list<jit_block *> blocks;
+
+  std::list<jit_instruction *> worklist;
+
+  std::list<jit_value *> constants;
+
+  void do_assign (const std::string& lhs, jit_value *rhs, bool print);
+
+  jit_value *visit (tree *tee) { return visit (*tee); }
+
+  jit_value *visit (tree& tee);
+
+  void append_users (jit_value *v)
+  {
+    for (jit_use *use = v->first_use (); use; use = use->next ())
+      worklist.push_back (use->user ());
+  }
+
+  jit_const_scalar *get_scalar (double v)
+  {
+    jit_const_scalar *ret = new jit_const_scalar (v);
+    constants.push_back (ret);
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  jit_const_string *get_string (const std::string& v)
+  {
+    jit_const_string *ret = new jit_const_string (v);
+    constants.push_back (ret);
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  // this case is much simpler, just convert from the jit ir to llvm
+  class
+  convert_llvm : public jit_ir_walker
+  {
+  public:
+    llvm::Function *convert (llvm::Module *module,
+                             const std::vector<std::pair<std::string, bool> >& args,
+                             const std::list<jit_block *>& blocks,
+                             const std::list<jit_value *>& constants);
+
+#define JIT_METH(clname)                        \
+    virtual void visit_ ## clname (jit_ ## clname&);
+
+    JIT_VISIT_IR_CLASSES;
+
+#undef JIT_METH
+  private:
+    // name -> llvm argument
+    std::map<std::string, llvm::Value *> arguments;
+
+
+    void visit (jit_value *jvalue)
+    {
+      return visit (*jvalue);
+    }
+
+    void visit (jit_value &jvalue)
+    {
+      jvalue.accept (*this);
+    }
+  };
+};
+
+class jit_info;
+
+class
+tree_jit
+{
+public:
+  tree_jit (void);
+
+  ~tree_jit (void);
+
+  bool execute (tree& cmd);
+
+  llvm::ExecutionEngine *get_engine (void) const { return engine; }
+
+  llvm::Module *get_module (void) const { return module; }
+
+  void optimize (llvm::Function *fn);
+ private:
+  bool initialize (void);
+
+  // FIXME: Temorary hack to test
+  typedef std::map<tree *, jit_info *> compiled_map;
+  compiled_map compiled;
+
+  llvm::LLVMContext &context;
+  llvm::Module *module;
+  llvm::PassManager *module_pass_manager;
+  llvm::FunctionPassManager *pass_manager;
+  llvm::ExecutionEngine *engine;
+};
+
+class
+jit_info
+{
+public:
+  jit_info (tree_jit& tjit, tree& tee);
+
+  bool execute (void) const;
+
+  bool match (void) const;
+private:
+  typedef jit_convert::type_bound type_bound;
+  typedef jit_convert::type_bound_vector type_bound_vector;
+  typedef void (*jited_function)(octave_base_value**);
+
+  llvm::ExecutionEngine *engine;
+  jited_function function;
+
+  std::vector<std::pair<std::string, bool> > arguments;
+  type_bound_vector bounds;
+};
+
+#endif
--- a/src/pt-loop.cc	Thu May 24 15:38:59 2012 -0400
+++ b/src/pt-loop.cc	Thu May 24 15:48:10 2012 -0600
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 #include "pt-bp.h"
 #include "pt-cmd.h"
 #include "pt-exp.h"
+#include "pt-jit.h"
 #include "pt-jump.h"
 #include "pt-loop.h"
 #include "pt-stmt.h"
@@ -97,6 +98,10 @@
   delete list;
   delete lead_comm;
   delete trail_comm;
+
+  for (compiled_map::iterator iter = compiled.begin (); iter != compiled.end ();
+       ++iter)
+    delete iter->second;
 }
 
 tree_command *
--- a/src/pt-loop.h	Thu May 24 15:38:59 2012 -0400
+++ b/src/pt-loop.h	Thu May 24 15:48:10 2012 -0600
@@ -36,6 +36,9 @@
 #include "pt-cmd.h"
 #include "symtab.h"
 
+class jit_info;
+class jit_type;
+
 // While.
 
 class
@@ -180,7 +183,20 @@
 
   void accept (tree_walker& tw);
 
+  // some functions use by tree_jit
+  jit_info *get_info (jit_type *type) const
+  {
+    compiled_map::const_iterator iter = compiled.find (type);
+    return iter != compiled.end () ? iter->second : 0;
+  }
+
+  void stash_info (jit_type *type, jit_info *jinfo)
+  {
+    compiled[type] = jinfo;
+  }
+
 private:
+  typedef std::map<jit_type *, jit_info *> compiled_map;
 
   // TRUE means operate in parallel (subject to the value of the
   // maxproc expression).
@@ -205,6 +221,9 @@
   // Comment preceding ENDFOR token.
   octave_comment_list *trail_comm;
 
+  // a map from iterator types -> compiled functions
+  compiled_map compiled;
+
   // No copying!
 
   tree_simple_for_command (const tree_simple_for_command&);
--- a/src/pt-stmt.h	Thu May 24 15:38:59 2012 -0400
+++ b/src/pt-stmt.h	Thu May 24 15:48:10 2012 -0600
@@ -35,12 +35,13 @@
 #include "base-list.h"
 #include "comment-list.h"
 #include "symtab.h"
+#include "pt.h"
 
 // A statement is either a command to execute or an expression to
 // evaluate.
 
 class
-tree_statement
+tree_statement : public tree
 {
 public:
 
--- a/src/symtab.h	Thu May 24 15:38:59 2012 -0400
+++ b/src/symtab.h	Thu May 24 15:48:10 2012 -0600
@@ -484,7 +484,7 @@
       return symbol_record (rep->dup (new_scope));
     }
 
-    std::string name (void) const { return rep->name; }
+    const std::string& name (void) const { return rep->name; }
 
     octave_value
     find (const octave_value_list& args = octave_value_list ()) const;
@@ -581,6 +581,66 @@
     symbol_record (symbol_record_rep *new_rep) : rep (new_rep) { }
   };
 
+  // Always access a symbol from the current scope.
+  // Useful for scripts, as they may be executed in more than one scope.
+  class
+  symbol_record_ref
+  {
+  public:
+    symbol_record_ref (void) : scope (-1) {}
+
+    symbol_record_ref (symbol_record record,
+                       scope_id curr_scope = symbol_table::current_scope ())
+      : scope (curr_scope), sym (record)
+    {}
+
+    symbol_record_ref& operator = (const symbol_record_ref& ref)
+    {
+      scope = ref.scope;
+      sym = ref.sym;
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    // The name is the same regardless of scope.
+    const std::string& name (void) const { return sym.name (); }
+
+    symbol_record *operator-> (void)
+    {
+      update ();
+      return &sym;
+    }
+
+    symbol_record *operator-> (void) const
+    {
+      update ();
+      return &sym;
+    }
+
+    // can be used to place symbol_record_ref in maps, we don't overload < as
+    // it doesn't make any sense for symbol_record_ref
+    struct comparator
+    {
+      bool operator ()(const symbol_record_ref& lhs,
+                       const symbol_record_ref& rhs) const
+      {
+        return lhs.name () < rhs.name ();
+      }
+    };
+  private:
+    void update (void) const
+    {
+      scope_id curr_scope = symbol_table::current_scope ();
+      if (scope != curr_scope || ! sym.is_valid ())
+        {
+          scope = curr_scope;
+          sym = symbol_table::insert (sym.name ());
+        }
+    }
+
+    mutable scope_id scope;
+    mutable symbol_record sym;
+  };
+
   class
   fcn_info
   {
--- a/src/toplev.cc	Thu May 24 15:38:59 2012 -0400
+++ b/src/toplev.cc	Thu May 24 15:48:10 2012 -0600
@@ -1325,6 +1325,9 @@
       { false, "MAGICK_CPPFLAGS", OCTAVE_CONF_MAGICK_CPPFLAGS },
       { false, "MAGICK_LDFLAGS", OCTAVE_CONF_MAGICK_LDFLAGS },
       { false, "MAGICK_LIBS", OCTAVE_CONF_MAGICK_LIBS },
+      { false, "LLVM_CPPFLAGS", OCTAVE_CONF_LLVM_CPPFLAGS },
+      { false, "LLVM_LDFLAGS", OCTAVE_CONF_LLVM_LDFLAGS },
+      { false, "LLVM_LIBS", OCTAVE_CONF_LLVM_LIBS },
       { false, "MKOCTFILE_DL_LDFLAGS", OCTAVE_CONF_MKOCTFILE_DL_LDFLAGS },
       { false, "OCTAVE_LINK_DEPS", OCTAVE_CONF_OCTAVE_LINK_DEPS },
       { false, "OCTAVE_LINK_OPTS", OCTAVE_CONF_OCTAVE_LINK_OPTS },