% Copyright (C) 1996 John W. Eaton
% This is part of the Octave manual.
% For copying conditions, see the file gpl.texi.

\input texinfo
@setfilename octave.info

@ifinfo
@format
START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
* Octave: (octave).	Interactive language for numerical computations.
END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
@end format
@end ifinfo

@c Settings for printing on 8-1/2 by 11 inch paper:
@c -----------------------------------------------

@c @ignore
@setchapternewpage odd
@c @end ignore

@c Settings for small book format:
@c ------------------------------

@ignore
@smallbook
@setchapternewpage odd
@finalout
@iftex
@cropmarks
@end iftex
@end ignore

@defindex op

@c Things like the Octave version number are defined in conf.texi.
@c This file doesn't include a chapter, so it must not be included
@c if you want to run the Emacs function texinfo-multiple-files-update.

@include conf.texi

@settitle Octave

@ifinfo

Copyright (C) 1996 John W. Eaton.

Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
are preserved on all copies.

@ignore
Permission is granted to process this file through Tex and print the
results, provided the printed document carries copying permission
notice identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph
(this paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual).

@end ignore
Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of
this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that
the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of
a permission notice identical to this one.

Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this
manual into another language, under the above conditions for
modified versions.
@end ifinfo

@titlepage
@title{Octave}
@subtitle{A high-level interactive language for numerical computations}
@subtitle{Edition 2 for Octave version @value{VERSION}}
@subtitle{October 1996}
@author{John W. Eaton}
@page
@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
Copyright @copyright{} 1996 John W. Eaton.

This is the second edition of the Octave documentation,
and is consistent with version @value{VERSION} of Octave.

Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
are preserved on all copies.

Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire
resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission
notice identical to this one.

Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
into another language, under the same conditions as for modified versions.
@end titlepage

@ifinfo
@node Top, Preface, (dir), (dir)
@top

This manual documents how to run, install and port Octave, as well as
its new features and incompatibilities, and how to report bugs.
It corresponds to Octave version @value{VERSION}.
@end ifinfo

@menu
* Preface::                     
* Introduction::                A brief introduction to Octave.
* Invoking Octave::             Command options supported by Octave.
* Expressions::                 Expressions.
* Statements::                  Looping and program flow control.
* Functions and Scripts::       
* Built-in Variables::          Descriptions of all built-in variables.
* Arithmetic::                  
* Linear Algebra::              
* Polynomial Manipulations::    
* Nonlinear Equations::         
* Differential Equations::      
* Optimization::                
* Quadrature::                  
* Control Theory::              
* Signal Processing::           
* Sets::                        
* Statistics::                  
* Plotting::                    
* Image Processing::            
* Audio Processing::            
* Input and Output::            
* Special Matrices::            
* Matrix Manipulation::         
* String Functions::            
* System Utilities::            
* Command History Functions::   
* Help::                        
* Programming Utilities::       
* Amusements::                  
* Emacs::                       
* Installation::                How to configure, compile and install Octave.
* Trouble::                     If you have trouble installing Octave.
* Command Line Editing::        Command history and editing.
* Using Info::                  
* Copying::                     The GNU General Public License.
* Concept Index::               An item for each concept.
* Variable Index::              An item for each documented variable.
* Function Index::              An item for each documented function.
* Operator Index::              An item for each documented operator.
* Readline Index::              An index for readline commands.
* Info Index::                  An index for info commands.

 --- The Detailed Node Listing ---

A Brief Introduction to Octave

* Running Octave::              
* Simple Examples::             
* Comments::                    
* Executable Octave Programs::  
* Errors::                      

Invoking Octave

* Command Line Options::        
* Startup Files::               

Expressions

* Constant Expressions::        
* Matrices::                    
* Ranges::                      
* Variables::                   
* Index Expressions::           
* Data Structures::             
* Calling Functions::           
* Global Variables::            
* Keywords::                    
* Arithmetic Ops::              
* Comparison Ops::              
* Boolean Expressions::         
* Assignment Ops::              
* Increment Ops::               
* Operator Precedence::         

Constant Expressions

* Numeric Constants::           
* String Constants::            

Matrices

* Empty Matrices::              

Calling Functions

* Call by Value::               
* Recursion::                   

Boolean Expressions

* Element-by-element Boolean Operators::  
* Short-circuit Boolean Operators::  

Statements

* The if Statement::            
* The while Statement::         
* The for Statement::           
* The break Statement::         
* The continue Statement::      
* The unwind_protect Statement::  
* The try Statement::           
* Continuation Lines::          

The @code{for} Statement

* Looping Over Structure Elements::  

Functions and Script Files

* Defining Functions::          
* Multiple Return Values::      
* Variable-length Argument Lists::  
* Variable-length Return Lists::  
* Returning From a Function::   
* Function Files::              
* Script Files::                
* Dynamically Linked Functions::  
* Organization of Functions::   

Built-in Variables

* Miscellaneous Built-in Variables::  
* Summary of Preference Variables::  

Arithmetic

* Utility Functions::           
* Complex Arithmetic::          
* Trigonometry::                
* Sums and Products::           
* Special Functions::           
* Mathematical Constants::      

Linear Algebra

* Basic Matrix Functions::      
* Matrix Factorizations::       
* Functions of a Matrix::       

Differential Equations

* Ordinary Differential Equations::  
* Differential-Algebraic Equations::  

Optimization

* Quadratic Programming::       
* Nonlinear Programming::       
* Linear Least Squares::        

Quadrature

* Functions of one Variable::   
* Orthogonal Collocation::      

Plotting

* Two-Dimensional Plotting::    
* Three-Dimensional Plotting::  
* Multiple Plots on One Page::  
* Miscellaneous Plotting Functions::  

Input and Output

* Basic Input and Output::      
* C-Style I/O Functions::       

Basic Input and Output

* Terminal Output::             
* Terminal Input::              
* Simple File I/O::             

C-Style I/O Functions

* Opening and Closing Files::   
* Formatted Output::            
* Output Conversion Syntax::    
* Table of Output Conversions::  
* Integer Conversions::         
* Floating-Point Conversions::  
* Other Output Conversions::    
* Formatted Input::             
* Input Conversion Syntax::     
* Table of Input Conversions::  
* Numeric Input Conversions::   
* String Input Conversions::    
* Binary I/O::                  
* Other I/O Functions::         

Special Matrices

* Special Utility Matrices::    
* Famous Matrices::             

Matrix Manipulation

* Finding Elements and Checking Conditions::  
* Rearranging Matrices::        

System Utilities

* Timing Utilities::            
* Filesystem Utilities::        
* Interacting with the OS::     
* Password Database Functions::  
* Group Database Functions::    
* System Information::          
* Other Functions::             

Programming Utilities

* Evaluating Strings as Commands::  
* Miscellaneous Utilities::     

Using Emacs With Octave

* Installing the Emacs Octave Package::  
* Using Octave Mode::           
* Running Octave From Within Emacs::  
* Using the Emacs Info Reader for Octave::  

Installing Octave

* Installation Problems::       
* Binary Distributions::        

Binary Distributions

* Installing Octave from a Binary Distribution::  
* Creating a Binary Distribution::  

Known Causes of Trouble with Octave

* Actual Bugs::                 Bugs we will fix later.
* Reporting Bugs::              
* Bug Criteria::                
* Bug Lists::                   
* Bug Reporting::               
* Sending Patches::             
* Service::                     

Reporting Bugs

* Bug Criteria::                
* Where: Bug Lists.             Where to send your bug report.
* Reporting: Bug Reporting.     How to report a bug effectively.
* Patches: Sending Patches.     How to send a patch for Octave.

Command Line Editing

* Introduction and Notation::   Notation used in this text.
* Readline Interaction::        The minimum set of commands for editing a line.
* Readline Bare Essentials::    
* Readline Movement Commands::  
* Readline Killing Commands::   
* Readline Arguments::          
* Readline Init File::          Customizing Readline from a user's view.
* Readline Init Syntax::        
* Readline Vi Mode::            

Readline Interaction

* Readline Bare Essentials::    The least you need to know about Readline.
* Readline Movement Commands::  Moving about the input line.
* Readline Killing Commands::   How to delete text, and how to get it back!
* Readline Arguments::          Giving numeric arguments to commands.

Readline Init File

* Readline Init Syntax::        Syntax for the commands in @file{~/.inputrc}.
* Readline Vi Mode::            Switching to @code{vi} mode in Readline.

Readline Init Syntax

* Commands For Moving::         Moving about the line.
* Commands For History::        Getting at previous lines.
* Commands For Text::           Commands for changing text.
* Commands For Killing::        Commands for killing and yanking.
* Numeric Arguments::           Specifying numeric arguments, repeat counts.
* Commands For Completion::     Getting Readline to do the typing for you.
* Miscellaneous Commands::      Other miscellaneous commands.

Using Info

* Cursor Commands::             
* Scrolling Commands::          
* Node Commands::               
* Searching Commands::          
* Xref Commands::               
* Window Commands::             
* Printing Nodes::              
* Other Info Commands::         
* Info Variables::              

Using Info

* Cursor Commands::	    Commands which move the cursor within a node.
* Scrolling Commands::	    Commands for moving the node around in a window.
* Node Commands::	    Commands for selecting a new node.
* Searching Commands::	    Commands for searching an info file.
* Xref Commands::	    Commands for selecting cross references.
* Window Commands::	    Commands which manipulate multiple windows.
* Printing Nodes::	    How to print out the contents of a node.
* Other Info Commands::     A few commands that defy categories.
* Info Variables::	    How to change the default behavior of Info.

Selecting Cross References

* Parts of an Xref::            What a cross reference is made of.
* Selecting Xrefs::             Commands for selecting menu or note items.

Manipulating Multiple Windows

* The Mode Line::               What appears in the mode line?
* Basic Windows::               Manipulating windows in Info.
* The Echo Area::               Used for displaying errors and reading input.
@end menu

@include preface.texi
@include intro.texi
@include invoke.texi
@include expr.texi
@include stmt.texi
@include func.texi
@include var.texi
@include arith.texi
@include linalg.texi
@include poly.texi
@include nonlin.texi
@include diffeq.texi
@include optim.texi
@include quad.texi
@include control.texi
@include signal.texi
@include set.texi
@include stats.texi
@include plot.texi
@include image.texi
@include audio.texi
@include io.texi
@include special.texi
@include matrix.texi
@include strings.texi
@include system.texi
@include history.texi
@include help.texi
@include program.texi
@include amuse.texi

@c Appendices start here.  Installation and bugs have to go before the
@c readline and Info appendices because we want to have separate indices
@c for them, and there appears to be no way to go back to the original
@c set of indices once a redirection has taken place.

@include emacs.texi
@include install.texi
@include bugs.texi

@c Make a separate index for all readline commands, functions, and
@c concepts.
@defindex rd
@syncodeindex cp rd
@syncodeindex fn rd
@syncodeindex ky rd
@syncodeindex vr rd

@include rluser.texi

@c Make a separate index for all Info commands, functions, and concepts.
@defindex in
@syncodeindex cp in
@syncodeindex fn in
@syncodeindex ky in
@syncodeindex vr in

@include gnuinfo.texi
@include gpl.texi

@include cp-idx.texi
@include vr-idx.texi
@include fn-idx.texi
@include op-idx.texi
@include rd-idx.texi
@include in-idx.texi

@contents

@bye