view liboctave/array/fMatrix.cc @ 22204:469c817eb256

svd: reduce code duplication with more use of template and macro. * liboctave/numeric/svd.cc, liboctave/numeric/svd.h: remove unused constructor with reference for int (info). This allows to move all of the constructor into a single template, so remove init(). Two new methods, gesvd and gesdd, are fully specialized but the main hunck of code are the long list of arguments. Scope type and drive enums to the svd class for clarity, and rename member names. Add a new member for the drive used. * libinterp/corefcn/svd.cc: fix typenames for the svd enums which are now scoped. * CMatrix.cc, dMatrix.cc, fCMatrix.cc, fMatrix.cc: fix typenames for the svd enums which are now scoped.
author Carnë Draug <carandraug@octave.org>
date Thu, 04 Aug 2016 20:20:27 +0100
parents e43d83253e28
children 77c4d43e06d1
line wrap: on
line source

// Matrix manipulations.
/*

Copyright (C) 1994-2015 John W. Eaton
Copyright (C) 2008-2009 Jaroslav Hajek
Copyright (C) 2009 VZLU Prague, a.s.

This file is part of Octave.

Octave is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at your
option) any later version.

Octave is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with Octave; see the file COPYING.  If not, see
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

*/

#if defined (HAVE_CONFIG_H)
#  include "config.h"
#endif

#include <cfloat>

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

#include "fNDArray.h"
#include "Array-util.h"
#include "boolMatrix.h"
#include "chMatrix.h"
#include "chol.h"
#include "fMatrix.h"
#include "fDiagMatrix.h"
#include "fCMatrix.h"
#include "fColVector.h"
#include "fRowVector.h"
#include "fCColVector.h"
#include "PermMatrix.h"
#include "DET.h"
#include "byte-swap.h"
#include "f77-fcn.h"
#include "fMatrix.h"
#include "schur.h"
#include "svd.h"
#include "functor.h"
#include "lo-error.h"
#include "lo-ieee.h"
#include "lo-mappers.h"
#include "lo-utils.h"
#include "mx-fdm-fm.h"
#include "mx-fm-fdm.h"
#include "mx-inlines.cc"
#include "mx-op-defs.h"
#include "oct-cmplx.h"
#include "oct-fftw.h"
#include "oct-locbuf.h"
#include "oct-norm.h"
#include "quit.h"

// Fortran functions we call.

extern "C"
{
  F77_RET_T
  F77_FUNC (xilaenv, XILAENV) (const F77_INT&,
                               F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG_DECL,
                               F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG_DECL,
                               const F77_INT&, const F77_INT&,
                               const F77_INT&, const F77_INT&,
                               F77_INT&
                               F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN_DECL
                               F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN_DECL);

  F77_RET_T
  F77_FUNC (sgebal, SGEBAL) (F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG_DECL,
                             const F77_INT&, F77_REAL*,
                             const F77_INT&, F77_INT&,
                             F77_INT&, F77_REAL*, F77_INT&
                             F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN_DECL);

  F77_RET_T
  F77_FUNC (sgebak, SGEBAK) (F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG_DECL,
                             F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG_DECL,
                             const F77_INT&, const F77_INT&,
                             const F77_INT&, F77_REAL*,
                             const F77_INT&, F77_REAL*,
                             const F77_INT&, F77_INT&
                             F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN_DECL
                             F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN_DECL);

  F77_RET_T
  F77_FUNC (sgemm, SGEMM) (F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG_DECL,
                           F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG_DECL,
                           const F77_INT&, const F77_INT&,
                           const F77_INT&, const F77_REAL&, const F77_REAL*,
                           const F77_INT&, const F77_REAL*,
                           const F77_INT&, const F77_REAL&, F77_REAL*,
                           const F77_INT&
                           F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN_DECL
                           F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN_DECL);

  F77_RET_T
  F77_FUNC (sgemv, SGEMV) (F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG_DECL,
                           const F77_INT&, const F77_INT&,
                           const F77_REAL&, const F77_REAL*,
                           const F77_INT&, const F77_REAL*,
                           const F77_INT&, const F77_REAL&, F77_REAL*,
                           const F77_INT&
                           F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN_DECL);

  F77_RET_T
  F77_FUNC (xsdot, XSDOT) (const F77_INT&, const F77_REAL*,
                           const F77_INT&, const F77_REAL*,
                           const F77_INT&, F77_REAL&);

  F77_RET_T
  F77_FUNC (ssyrk, SSYRK) (F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG_DECL,
                           F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG_DECL,
                           const F77_INT&, const F77_INT&,
                           const F77_REAL&, const F77_REAL*, const F77_INT&,
                           const F77_REAL&, F77_REAL*, const F77_INT&
                           F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN_DECL
                           F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN_DECL);

  F77_RET_T
  F77_FUNC (sgetrf, SGETRF) (const F77_INT&,
                             const F77_INT&, F77_REAL*,
                             const F77_INT&,
                             F77_INT*, F77_INT&);

  F77_RET_T
  F77_FUNC (sgetrs, SGETRS) (F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG_DECL,
                             const F77_INT&, const F77_INT&,
                             const F77_REAL*, const F77_INT&,
                             const F77_INT*, F77_REAL*,
                             const F77_INT&, F77_INT&
                             F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN_DECL);

  F77_RET_T
  F77_FUNC (sgetri, SGETRI) (const F77_INT&, F77_REAL*,
                             const F77_INT&, const F77_INT*,
                             F77_REAL*, const F77_INT&, F77_INT&);

  F77_RET_T
  F77_FUNC (sgecon, SGECON) (F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG_DECL,
                             const F77_INT&, F77_REAL*,
                             const F77_INT&, const F77_REAL&, F77_REAL&,
                             F77_REAL*, F77_INT*, F77_INT&
                             F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN_DECL);

  F77_RET_T
  F77_FUNC (sgelsy, SGELSY) (const F77_INT&, const F77_INT&,
                             const F77_INT&, F77_REAL*,
                             const F77_INT&, F77_REAL*,
                             const F77_INT&, F77_INT*,
                             F77_REAL&, F77_INT&, F77_REAL*,
                             const F77_INT&, F77_INT&);

  F77_RET_T
  F77_FUNC (sgelsd, SGELSD) (const F77_INT&, const F77_INT&,
                             const F77_INT&, F77_REAL*,
                             const F77_INT&, F77_REAL*,
                             const F77_INT&, F77_REAL*, F77_REAL&,
                             F77_INT&, F77_REAL*,
                             const F77_INT&, F77_INT*,
                             F77_INT&);

  F77_RET_T
  F77_FUNC (spotrf, SPOTRF) (F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG_DECL,
                             const F77_INT&, F77_REAL *,
                             const F77_INT&, F77_INT&
                             F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN_DECL);

  F77_RET_T
  F77_FUNC (spocon, SPOCON) (F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG_DECL,
                             const F77_INT&, F77_REAL*,
                             const F77_INT&, const F77_REAL&,
                             F77_REAL&, F77_REAL*, F77_INT*,
                             F77_INT&
                             F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN_DECL);
  F77_RET_T
  F77_FUNC (spotrs, SPOTRS) (F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG_DECL,
                             const F77_INT&, const F77_INT&,
                             const F77_REAL*, const F77_INT&, F77_REAL*,
                             const F77_INT&, F77_INT&
                             F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN_DECL);

  F77_RET_T
  F77_FUNC (strtri, STRTRI) (F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG_DECL,
                             F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG_DECL,
                             const F77_INT&, const F77_REAL*,
                             const F77_INT&, F77_INT&
                             F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN_DECL
                             F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN_DECL);
  F77_RET_T
  F77_FUNC (strcon, STRCON) (F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG_DECL,
                             F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG_DECL,
                             F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG_DECL,
                             const F77_INT&, const F77_REAL*,
                             const F77_INT&, F77_REAL&,
                             F77_REAL*, F77_INT*, F77_INT&
                             F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN_DECL
                             F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN_DECL
                             F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN_DECL);
  F77_RET_T
  F77_FUNC (strtrs, STRTRS) (F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG_DECL,
                             F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG_DECL,
                             F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG_DECL,
                             const F77_INT&,
                             const F77_INT&, const F77_REAL*,
                             const F77_INT&, F77_REAL*,
                             const F77_INT&, F77_INT&
                             F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN_DECL
                             F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN_DECL
                             F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN_DECL);

  F77_RET_T
  F77_FUNC (slartg, SLARTG) (const F77_REAL&, const F77_REAL&, F77_REAL&,
                             F77_REAL&, F77_REAL&);

  F77_RET_T
  F77_FUNC (strsyl, STRSYL) (F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG_DECL,
                             F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG_DECL,
                             const F77_INT&, const F77_INT&,
                             const F77_INT&, const F77_REAL*,
                             const F77_INT&, const F77_REAL*,
                             const F77_INT&, const F77_REAL*,
                             const F77_INT&, F77_REAL&, F77_INT&
                             F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN_DECL
                             F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN_DECL);

  F77_RET_T
  F77_FUNC (xslange, XSLANGE) (F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG_DECL,
                               const F77_INT&,
                               const F77_INT&, const F77_REAL*,
                               const F77_INT&, F77_REAL*, F77_REAL&
                               F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN_DECL);
}

// Matrix class.

FloatMatrix::FloatMatrix (const FloatRowVector& rv)
  : FloatNDArray (rv)
{
}

FloatMatrix::FloatMatrix (const FloatColumnVector& cv)
  : FloatNDArray (cv)
{
}

FloatMatrix::FloatMatrix (const FloatDiagMatrix& a)
  : FloatNDArray (a.dims (), 0.0)
{
  for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < a.length (); i++)
    elem (i, i) = a.elem (i, i);
}

FloatMatrix::FloatMatrix (const MDiagArray2<float>& a)
  : FloatNDArray (a.dims (), 0.0)
{
  for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < a.length (); i++)
    elem (i, i) = a.elem (i, i);
}

FloatMatrix::FloatMatrix (const DiagArray2<float>& a)
  : FloatNDArray (a.dims (), 0.0)
{
  for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < a.length (); i++)
    elem (i, i) = a.elem (i, i);
}

FloatMatrix::FloatMatrix (const PermMatrix& a)
  : FloatNDArray (a.dims (), 0.0)
{
  const Array<octave_idx_type> ia (a.col_perm_vec ());
  octave_idx_type len = a.rows ();
  for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < len; i++)
    elem (ia(i), i) = 1.0;
}

// FIXME: could we use a templated mixed-type copy function here?

FloatMatrix::FloatMatrix (const boolMatrix& a)
  : FloatNDArray (a)
{
}

FloatMatrix::FloatMatrix (const charMatrix& a)
  : FloatNDArray (a.dims ())
{
  for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < a.rows (); i++)
    for (octave_idx_type j = 0; j < a.cols (); j++)
      elem (i, j) = static_cast<unsigned char> (a.elem (i, j));
}

bool
FloatMatrix::operator == (const FloatMatrix& a) const
{
  if (rows () != a.rows () || cols () != a.cols ())
    return false;

  return mx_inline_equal (numel (), data (), a.data ());
}

bool
FloatMatrix::operator != (const FloatMatrix& a) const
{
  return !(*this == a);
}

bool
FloatMatrix::is_symmetric (void) const
{
  if (is_square () && rows () > 0)
    {
      for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < rows (); i++)
        for (octave_idx_type j = i+1; j < cols (); j++)
          if (elem (i, j) != elem (j, i))
            return false;

      return true;
    }

  return false;
}

FloatMatrix&
FloatMatrix::insert (const FloatMatrix& a,
                     octave_idx_type r, octave_idx_type c)
{
  FloatNDArray::insert (a, r, c);
  return *this;
}

FloatMatrix&
FloatMatrix::insert (const FloatRowVector& a,
                     octave_idx_type r, octave_idx_type c)
{
  octave_idx_type a_len = a.numel ();

  if (r < 0 || r >= rows () || c < 0 || c + a_len > cols ())
    (*current_liboctave_error_handler) ("range error for insert");

  if (a_len > 0)
    {
      make_unique ();

      for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < a_len; i++)
        xelem (r, c+i) = a.elem (i);
    }

  return *this;
}

FloatMatrix&
FloatMatrix::insert (const FloatColumnVector& a,
                     octave_idx_type r, octave_idx_type c)
{
  octave_idx_type a_len = a.numel ();

  if (r < 0 || r + a_len > rows () || c < 0 || c >= cols ())
    (*current_liboctave_error_handler) ("range error for insert");

  if (a_len > 0)
    {
      make_unique ();

      for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < a_len; i++)
        xelem (r+i, c) = a.elem (i);
    }

  return *this;
}

FloatMatrix&
FloatMatrix::insert (const FloatDiagMatrix& a,
                     octave_idx_type r, octave_idx_type c)
{
  octave_idx_type a_nr = a.rows ();
  octave_idx_type a_nc = a.cols ();

  if (r < 0 || r + a_nr > rows () || c < 0 || c + a_nc > cols ())
    (*current_liboctave_error_handler) ("range error for insert");

  fill (0.0, r, c, r + a_nr - 1, c + a_nc - 1);

  octave_idx_type a_len = a.length ();

  if (a_len > 0)
    {
      make_unique ();

      for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < a_len; i++)
        xelem (r+i, c+i) = a.elem (i, i);
    }

  return *this;
}

FloatMatrix&
FloatMatrix::fill (float val)
{
  octave_idx_type nr = rows ();
  octave_idx_type nc = cols ();

  if (nr > 0 && nc > 0)
    {
      make_unique ();

      for (octave_idx_type j = 0; j < nc; j++)
        for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < nr; i++)
          xelem (i, j) = val;
    }

  return *this;
}

FloatMatrix&
FloatMatrix::fill (float val, octave_idx_type r1, octave_idx_type c1,
                   octave_idx_type r2, octave_idx_type c2)
{
  octave_idx_type nr = rows ();
  octave_idx_type nc = cols ();

  if (r1 < 0 || r2 < 0 || c1 < 0 || c2 < 0
      || r1 >= nr || r2 >= nr || c1 >= nc || c2 >= nc)
    (*current_liboctave_error_handler) ("range error for fill");

  if (r1 > r2) { std::swap (r1, r2); }
  if (c1 > c2) { std::swap (c1, c2); }

  if (r2 >= r1 && c2 >= c1)
    {
      make_unique ();

      for (octave_idx_type j = c1; j <= c2; j++)
        for (octave_idx_type i = r1; i <= r2; i++)
          xelem (i, j) = val;
    }

  return *this;
}

FloatMatrix
FloatMatrix::append (const FloatMatrix& a) const
{
  octave_idx_type nr = rows ();
  octave_idx_type nc = cols ();
  if (nr != a.rows ())
    (*current_liboctave_error_handler) ("row dimension mismatch for append");

  octave_idx_type nc_insert = nc;
  FloatMatrix retval (nr, nc + a.cols ());
  retval.insert (*this, 0, 0);
  retval.insert (a, 0, nc_insert);
  return retval;
}

FloatMatrix
FloatMatrix::append (const FloatRowVector& a) const
{
  octave_idx_type nr = rows ();
  octave_idx_type nc = cols ();
  if (nr != 1)
    (*current_liboctave_error_handler) ("row dimension mismatch for append");

  octave_idx_type nc_insert = nc;
  FloatMatrix retval (nr, nc + a.numel ());
  retval.insert (*this, 0, 0);
  retval.insert (a, 0, nc_insert);
  return retval;
}

FloatMatrix
FloatMatrix::append (const FloatColumnVector& a) const
{
  octave_idx_type nr = rows ();
  octave_idx_type nc = cols ();
  if (nr != a.numel ())
    (*current_liboctave_error_handler) ("row dimension mismatch for append");

  octave_idx_type nc_insert = nc;
  FloatMatrix retval (nr, nc + 1);
  retval.insert (*this, 0, 0);
  retval.insert (a, 0, nc_insert);
  return retval;
}

FloatMatrix
FloatMatrix::append (const FloatDiagMatrix& a) const
{
  octave_idx_type nr = rows ();
  octave_idx_type nc = cols ();
  if (nr != a.rows ())
    (*current_liboctave_error_handler) ("row dimension mismatch for append");

  octave_idx_type nc_insert = nc;
  FloatMatrix retval (nr, nc + a.cols ());
  retval.insert (*this, 0, 0);
  retval.insert (a, 0, nc_insert);
  return retval;
}

FloatMatrix
FloatMatrix::stack (const FloatMatrix& a) const
{
  octave_idx_type nr = rows ();
  octave_idx_type nc = cols ();
  if (nc != a.cols ())
    (*current_liboctave_error_handler) ("column dimension mismatch for stack");

  octave_idx_type nr_insert = nr;
  FloatMatrix retval (nr + a.rows (), nc);
  retval.insert (*this, 0, 0);
  retval.insert (a, nr_insert, 0);
  return retval;
}

FloatMatrix
FloatMatrix::stack (const FloatRowVector& a) const
{
  octave_idx_type nr = rows ();
  octave_idx_type nc = cols ();
  if (nc != a.numel ())
    (*current_liboctave_error_handler) ("column dimension mismatch for stack");

  octave_idx_type nr_insert = nr;
  FloatMatrix retval (nr + 1, nc);
  retval.insert (*this, 0, 0);
  retval.insert (a, nr_insert, 0);
  return retval;
}

FloatMatrix
FloatMatrix::stack (const FloatColumnVector& a) const
{
  octave_idx_type nr = rows ();
  octave_idx_type nc = cols ();
  if (nc != 1)
    (*current_liboctave_error_handler) ("column dimension mismatch for stack");

  octave_idx_type nr_insert = nr;
  FloatMatrix retval (nr + a.numel (), nc);
  retval.insert (*this, 0, 0);
  retval.insert (a, nr_insert, 0);
  return retval;
}

FloatMatrix
FloatMatrix::stack (const FloatDiagMatrix& a) const
{
  octave_idx_type nr = rows ();
  octave_idx_type nc = cols ();
  if (nc != a.cols ())
    (*current_liboctave_error_handler) ("column dimension mismatch for stack");

  octave_idx_type nr_insert = nr;
  FloatMatrix retval (nr + a.rows (), nc);
  retval.insert (*this, 0, 0);
  retval.insert (a, nr_insert, 0);
  return retval;
}

FloatMatrix
real (const FloatComplexMatrix& a)
{
  return do_mx_unary_op<float, FloatComplex> (a, mx_inline_real);
}

FloatMatrix
imag (const FloatComplexMatrix& a)
{
  return do_mx_unary_op<float, FloatComplex> (a, mx_inline_imag);
}

FloatMatrix
FloatMatrix::extract (octave_idx_type r1, octave_idx_type c1,
                      octave_idx_type r2, octave_idx_type c2) const
{
  if (r1 > r2) { std::swap (r1, r2); }
  if (c1 > c2) { std::swap (c1, c2); }

  return index (idx_vector (r1, r2+1), idx_vector (c1, c2+1));
}

FloatMatrix
FloatMatrix::extract_n (octave_idx_type r1, octave_idx_type c1,
                        octave_idx_type nr, octave_idx_type nc) const
{
  return index (idx_vector (r1, r1 + nr), idx_vector (c1, c1 + nc));
}

// extract row or column i.

FloatRowVector
FloatMatrix::row (octave_idx_type i) const
{
  return index (idx_vector (i), idx_vector::colon);
}

FloatColumnVector
FloatMatrix::column (octave_idx_type i) const
{
  return index (idx_vector::colon, idx_vector (i));
}

FloatMatrix
FloatMatrix::inverse (void) const
{
  octave_idx_type info;
  float rcon;
  MatrixType mattype (*this);
  return inverse (mattype, info, rcon, 0, 0);
}

FloatMatrix
FloatMatrix::inverse (octave_idx_type& info) const
{
  float rcon;
  MatrixType mattype (*this);
  return inverse (mattype, info, rcon, 0, 0);
}

FloatMatrix
FloatMatrix::inverse (octave_idx_type& info, float& rcon, bool force,
                      bool calc_cond) const
{
  MatrixType mattype (*this);
  return inverse (mattype, info, rcon, force, calc_cond);
}

FloatMatrix
FloatMatrix::inverse (MatrixType& mattype) const
{
  octave_idx_type info;
  float rcon;
  return inverse (mattype, info, rcon, 0, 0);
}

FloatMatrix
FloatMatrix::inverse (MatrixType &mattype, octave_idx_type& info) const
{
  float rcon;
  return inverse (mattype, info, rcon, 0, 0);
}

FloatMatrix
FloatMatrix::tinverse (MatrixType &mattype, octave_idx_type& info, float& rcon,
                       bool force, bool calc_cond) const
{
  FloatMatrix retval;

  octave_idx_type nr = rows ();
  octave_idx_type nc = cols ();

  if (nr != nc || nr == 0 || nc == 0)
    (*current_liboctave_error_handler) ("inverse requires square matrix");

  int typ = mattype.type ();
  char uplo = (typ == MatrixType::Lower ? 'L' : 'U');
  char udiag = 'N';
  retval = *this;
  float *tmp_data = retval.fortran_vec ();

  F77_XFCN (strtri, STRTRI, (F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG2 (&uplo, 1),
                             F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG2 (&udiag, 1),
                             nr, tmp_data, nr, info
                             F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN (1)
                             F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN (1)));

  // Throw-away extra info LAPACK gives so as to not change output.
  rcon = 0.0;
  if (info != 0)
    info = -1;
  else if (calc_cond)
    {
      octave_idx_type dtrcon_info = 0;
      char job = '1';

      OCTAVE_LOCAL_BUFFER (float, work, 3 * nr);
      OCTAVE_LOCAL_BUFFER (octave_idx_type, iwork, nr);

      F77_XFCN (strcon, STRCON, (F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG2 (&job, 1),
                                 F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG2 (&uplo, 1),
                                 F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG2 (&udiag, 1),
                                 nr, tmp_data, nr, rcon,
                                 work, iwork, dtrcon_info
                                 F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN (1)
                                 F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN (1)
                                 F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN (1)));

      if (dtrcon_info != 0)
        info = -1;
    }

  if (info == -1 && ! force)
    retval = *this; // Restore matrix contents.

  return retval;
}

FloatMatrix
FloatMatrix::finverse (MatrixType &mattype, octave_idx_type& info, float& rcon,
                       bool force, bool calc_cond) const
{
  FloatMatrix retval;

  octave_idx_type nr = rows ();
  octave_idx_type nc = cols ();

  if (nr != nc || nr == 0 || nc == 0)
    (*current_liboctave_error_handler) ("inverse requires square matrix");

  Array<octave_idx_type> ipvt (dim_vector (nr, 1));
  octave_idx_type *pipvt = ipvt.fortran_vec ();

  retval = *this;
  float *tmp_data = retval.fortran_vec ();

  Array<float> z(dim_vector (1, 1));
  octave_idx_type lwork = -1;

  // Query the optimum work array size.
  F77_XFCN (sgetri, SGETRI, (nc, tmp_data, nr, pipvt,
                             z.fortran_vec (), lwork, info));

  lwork = static_cast<octave_idx_type> (z(0));
  lwork = (lwork < 2 *nc ? 2*nc : lwork);
  z.resize (dim_vector (lwork, 1));
  float *pz = z.fortran_vec ();

  info = 0;

  // Calculate the norm of the matrix, for later use.
  float anorm = 0;
  if (calc_cond)
    anorm = retval.abs ().sum ().row (static_cast<octave_idx_type>(0))
            .max ();

  F77_XFCN (sgetrf, SGETRF, (nc, nc, tmp_data, nr, pipvt, info));

  // Throw-away extra info LAPACK gives so as to not change output.
  rcon = 0.0;
  if (info != 0)
    info = -1;
  else if (calc_cond)
    {
      octave_idx_type dgecon_info = 0;

      // Now calculate the condition number for non-singular matrix.
      char job = '1';
      Array<octave_idx_type> iz (dim_vector (nc, 1));
      octave_idx_type *piz = iz.fortran_vec ();
      F77_XFCN (sgecon, SGECON, (F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG2 (&job, 1),
                                 nc, tmp_data, nr, anorm,
                                 rcon, pz, piz, dgecon_info
                                 F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN (1)));

      if (dgecon_info != 0)
        info = -1;
    }

  if (info == -1 && ! force)
    retval = *this; // Restore matrix contents.
  else
    {
      octave_idx_type dgetri_info = 0;

      F77_XFCN (sgetri, SGETRI, (nc, tmp_data, nr, pipvt,
                                 pz, lwork, dgetri_info));

      if (dgetri_info != 0)
        info = -1;
    }

  if (info != 0)
    mattype.mark_as_rectangular ();

  return retval;
}

FloatMatrix
FloatMatrix::inverse (MatrixType &mattype, octave_idx_type& info, float& rcon,
                      bool force, bool calc_cond) const
{
  int typ = mattype.type (false);
  FloatMatrix ret;

  if (typ == MatrixType::Unknown)
    typ = mattype.type (*this);

  if (typ == MatrixType::Upper || typ == MatrixType::Lower)
    ret = tinverse (mattype, info, rcon, force, calc_cond);
  else
    {
      if (mattype.is_hermitian ())
        {
          chol<FloatMatrix> chol (*this, info, true, calc_cond);
          if (info == 0)
            {
              if (calc_cond)
                rcon = chol.rcond ();
              else
                rcon = 1.0;
              ret = chol.inverse ();
            }
          else
            mattype.mark_as_unsymmetric ();
        }

      if (! mattype.is_hermitian ())
        ret = finverse (mattype, info, rcon, force, calc_cond);

      if ((mattype.is_hermitian () || calc_cond) && rcon == 0.)
        ret = FloatMatrix (rows (), columns (), octave::numeric_limits<float>::Inf ());
    }

  return ret;
}

FloatMatrix
FloatMatrix::pseudo_inverse (float tol) const
{
  svd<FloatMatrix> result (*this, svd<FloatMatrix>::Type::economy);

  FloatDiagMatrix S = result.singular_values ();
  FloatMatrix U = result.left_singular_matrix ();
  FloatMatrix V = result.right_singular_matrix ();

  FloatColumnVector sigma = S.extract_diag ();

  octave_idx_type r = sigma.numel () - 1;
  octave_idx_type nr = rows ();
  octave_idx_type nc = cols ();

  if (tol <= 0.0)
    {
      if (nr > nc)
        tol = nr * sigma.elem (0) * std::numeric_limits<double>::epsilon ();
      else
        tol = nc * sigma.elem (0) * std::numeric_limits<double>::epsilon ();
    }

  while (r >= 0 && sigma.elem (r) < tol)
    r--;

  if (r < 0)
    return FloatMatrix (nc, nr, 0.0);
  else
    {
      FloatMatrix Ur = U.extract (0, 0, nr-1, r);
      FloatDiagMatrix D = FloatDiagMatrix (sigma.extract (0, r)).inverse ();
      FloatMatrix Vr = V.extract (0, 0, nc-1, r);
      return Vr * D * Ur.transpose ();
    }
}

#if defined (HAVE_FFTW)

FloatComplexMatrix
FloatMatrix::fourier (void) const
{
  size_t nr = rows ();
  size_t nc = cols ();

  FloatComplexMatrix retval (nr, nc);

  size_t npts, nsamples;

  if (nr == 1 || nc == 1)
    {
      npts = nr > nc ? nr : nc;
      nsamples = 1;
    }
  else
    {
      npts = nr;
      nsamples = nc;
    }

  const float *in (fortran_vec ());
  FloatComplex *out (retval.fortran_vec ());

  octave_fftw::fft (in, out, npts, nsamples);

  return retval;
}

FloatComplexMatrix
FloatMatrix::ifourier (void) const
{
  size_t nr = rows ();
  size_t nc = cols ();

  FloatComplexMatrix retval (nr, nc);

  size_t npts, nsamples;

  if (nr == 1 || nc == 1)
    {
      npts = nr > nc ? nr : nc;
      nsamples = 1;
    }
  else
    {
      npts = nr;
      nsamples = nc;
    }

  FloatComplexMatrix tmp (*this);
  FloatComplex *in (tmp.fortran_vec ());
  FloatComplex *out (retval.fortran_vec ());

  octave_fftw::ifft (in, out, npts, nsamples);

  return retval;
}

FloatComplexMatrix
FloatMatrix::fourier2d (void) const
{
  dim_vector dv (rows (), cols ());

  const float *in = fortran_vec ();
  FloatComplexMatrix retval (rows (), cols ());
  octave_fftw::fftNd (in, retval.fortran_vec (), 2, dv);

  return retval;
}

FloatComplexMatrix
FloatMatrix::ifourier2d (void) const
{
  dim_vector dv (rows (), cols ());

  FloatComplexMatrix retval (*this);
  FloatComplex *out (retval.fortran_vec ());

  octave_fftw::ifftNd (out, out, 2, dv);

  return retval;
}

#else

extern "C"
{
  // Note that the original complex fft routines were not written for
  // float complex arguments.  They have been modified by adding an
  // implicit float precision (a-h,o-z) statement at the beginning of
  // each subroutine.

  F77_RET_T
  F77_FUNC (cffti, CFFTI) (const F77_INT&, F77_CMPLX*);

  F77_RET_T
  F77_FUNC (cfftf, CFFTF) (const F77_INT&, F77_CMPLX*, F77_CMPLX*);

  F77_RET_T
  F77_FUNC (cfftb, CFFTB) (const F77_INT&, F77_CMPLX*, F77_CMPLX*);
}

FloatComplexMatrix
FloatMatrix::fourier (void) const
{
  FloatComplexMatrix retval;

  octave_idx_type nr = rows ();
  octave_idx_type nc = cols ();

  octave_idx_type npts, nsamples;

  if (nr == 1 || nc == 1)
    {
      npts = nr > nc ? nr : nc;
      nsamples = 1;
    }
  else
    {
      npts = nr;
      nsamples = nc;
    }

  octave_idx_type nn = 4*npts+15;

  Array<FloatComplex> wsave (dim_vector (nn, 1));
  FloatComplex *pwsave = wsave.fortran_vec ();

  retval = FloatComplexMatrix (*this);
  FloatComplex *tmp_data = retval.fortran_vec ();

  F77_FUNC (cffti, CFFTI) (npts, pwsave);

  for (octave_idx_type j = 0; j < nsamples; j++)
    {
      octave_quit ();

      F77_FUNC (cfftf, CFFTF) (npts, &tmp_data[npts*j], pwsave);
    }

  return retval;
}

FloatComplexMatrix
FloatMatrix::ifourier (void) const
{
  FloatComplexMatrix retval;

  octave_idx_type nr = rows ();
  octave_idx_type nc = cols ();

  octave_idx_type npts, nsamples;

  if (nr == 1 || nc == 1)
    {
      npts = nr > nc ? nr : nc;
      nsamples = 1;
    }
  else
    {
      npts = nr;
      nsamples = nc;
    }

  octave_idx_type nn = 4*npts+15;

  Array<FloatComplex> wsave (dim_vector (nn, 1));
  FloatComplex *pwsave = wsave.fortran_vec ();

  retval = FloatComplexMatrix (*this);
  FloatComplex *tmp_data = retval.fortran_vec ();

  F77_FUNC (cffti, CFFTI) (npts, pwsave);

  for (octave_idx_type j = 0; j < nsamples; j++)
    {
      octave_quit ();

      F77_FUNC (cfftb, CFFTB) (npts, &tmp_data[npts*j], pwsave);
    }

  for (octave_idx_type j = 0; j < npts*nsamples; j++)
    tmp_data[j] = tmp_data[j] / static_cast<float> (npts);

  return retval;
}

FloatComplexMatrix
FloatMatrix::fourier2d (void) const
{
  FloatComplexMatrix retval;

  octave_idx_type nr = rows ();
  octave_idx_type nc = cols ();

  octave_idx_type npts, nsamples;

  if (nr == 1 || nc == 1)
    {
      npts = nr > nc ? nr : nc;
      nsamples = 1;
    }
  else
    {
      npts = nr;
      nsamples = nc;
    }

  octave_idx_type nn = 4*npts+15;

  Array<FloatComplex> wsave (dim_vector (nn, 1));
  FloatComplex *pwsave = wsave.fortran_vec ();

  retval = FloatComplexMatrix (*this);
  FloatComplex *tmp_data = retval.fortran_vec ();

  F77_FUNC (cffti, CFFTI) (npts, pwsave);

  for (octave_idx_type j = 0; j < nsamples; j++)
    {
      octave_quit ();

      F77_FUNC (cfftf, CFFTF) (npts, &tmp_data[npts*j], pwsave);
    }

  npts = nc;
  nsamples = nr;
  nn = 4*npts+15;

  wsave.resize (dim_vector (nn, 1));
  pwsave = wsave.fortran_vec ();

  Array<FloatComplex> tmp (dim_vector (npts, 1));
  FloatComplex *prow = tmp.fortran_vec ();

  F77_FUNC (cffti, CFFTI) (npts, pwsave);

  for (octave_idx_type j = 0; j < nsamples; j++)
    {
      octave_quit ();

      for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < npts; i++)
        prow[i] = tmp_data[i*nr + j];

      F77_FUNC (cfftf, CFFTF) (npts, prow, pwsave);

      for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < npts; i++)
        tmp_data[i*nr + j] = prow[i];
    }

  return retval;
}

FloatComplexMatrix
FloatMatrix::ifourier2d (void) const
{
  FloatComplexMatrix retval;

  octave_idx_type nr = rows ();
  octave_idx_type nc = cols ();

  octave_idx_type npts, nsamples;

  if (nr == 1 || nc == 1)
    {
      npts = nr > nc ? nr : nc;
      nsamples = 1;
    }
  else
    {
      npts = nr;
      nsamples = nc;
    }

  octave_idx_type nn = 4*npts+15;

  Array<FloatComplex> wsave (dim_vector (nn, 1));
  FloatComplex *pwsave = wsave.fortran_vec ();

  retval = FloatComplexMatrix (*this);
  FloatComplex *tmp_data = retval.fortran_vec ();

  F77_FUNC (cffti, CFFTI) (npts, pwsave);

  for (octave_idx_type j = 0; j < nsamples; j++)
    {
      octave_quit ();

      F77_FUNC (cfftb, CFFTB) (npts, &tmp_data[npts*j], pwsave);
    }

  for (octave_idx_type j = 0; j < npts*nsamples; j++)
    tmp_data[j] = tmp_data[j] / static_cast<float> (npts);

  npts = nc;
  nsamples = nr;
  nn = 4*npts+15;

  wsave.resize (dim_vector (nn, 1));
  pwsave = wsave.fortran_vec ();

  Array<FloatComplex> tmp (dim_vector (npts, 1));
  FloatComplex *prow = tmp.fortran_vec ();

  F77_FUNC (cffti, CFFTI) (npts, pwsave);

  for (octave_idx_type j = 0; j < nsamples; j++)
    {
      octave_quit ();

      for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < npts; i++)
        prow[i] = tmp_data[i*nr + j];

      F77_FUNC (cfftb, CFFTB) (npts, prow, pwsave);

      for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < npts; i++)
        tmp_data[i*nr + j] = prow[i] / static_cast<float> (npts);
    }

  return retval;
}

#endif

FloatDET
FloatMatrix::determinant (void) const
{
  octave_idx_type info;
  float rcon;
  return determinant (info, rcon, 0);
}

FloatDET
FloatMatrix::determinant (octave_idx_type& info) const
{
  float rcon;
  return determinant (info, rcon, 0);
}

FloatDET
FloatMatrix::determinant (octave_idx_type& info, float& rcon,
                          bool calc_cond) const
{
  MatrixType mattype (*this);
  return determinant (mattype, info, rcon, calc_cond);
}

FloatDET
FloatMatrix::determinant (MatrixType& mattype,
                          octave_idx_type& info, float& rcon,
                          bool calc_cond) const
{
  FloatDET retval (1.0);

  info = 0;
  rcon = 0.0;

  octave_idx_type nr = rows ();
  octave_idx_type nc = cols ();

  if (nr != nc)
    (*current_liboctave_error_handler) ("matrix must be square");

  volatile int typ = mattype.type ();

  // Even though the matrix is marked as singular (Rectangular), we may
  // still get a useful number from the LU factorization, because it always
  // completes.

  if (typ == MatrixType::Unknown)
    typ = mattype.type (*this);
  else if (typ == MatrixType::Rectangular)
    typ = MatrixType::Full;

  if (typ == MatrixType::Lower || typ == MatrixType::Upper)
    {
      for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < nc; i++)
        retval *= elem (i,i);
    }
  else if (typ == MatrixType::Hermitian)
    {
      FloatMatrix atmp = *this;
      float *tmp_data = atmp.fortran_vec ();

      float anorm = 0;
      if (calc_cond) anorm = xnorm (*this, 1);

      char job = 'L';
      F77_XFCN (spotrf, SPOTRF, (F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG2 (&job, 1), nr,
                                 tmp_data, nr, info
                                 F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN (1)));

      if (info != 0)
        {
          rcon = 0.0;
          mattype.mark_as_unsymmetric ();
          typ = MatrixType::Full;
        }
      else
        {
          Array<float> z (dim_vector (3 * nc, 1));
          float *pz = z.fortran_vec ();
          Array<octave_idx_type> iz (dim_vector (nc, 1));
          octave_idx_type *piz = iz.fortran_vec ();

          F77_XFCN (spocon, SPOCON, (F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG2 (&job, 1),
                                     nr, tmp_data, nr, anorm,
                                     rcon, pz, piz, info
                                     F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN (1)));

          if (info != 0)
            rcon = 0.0;

          for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < nc; i++)
            retval *= atmp (i,i);

          retval = retval.square ();
        }
    }
  else if (typ != MatrixType::Full)
    (*current_liboctave_error_handler) ("det: invalid dense matrix type");

  if (typ == MatrixType::Full)
    {
      Array<octave_idx_type> ipvt (dim_vector (nr, 1));
      octave_idx_type *pipvt = ipvt.fortran_vec ();

      FloatMatrix atmp = *this;
      float *tmp_data = atmp.fortran_vec ();

      info = 0;

      // Calculate the norm of the matrix, for later use.
      float anorm = 0;
      if (calc_cond) anorm = xnorm (*this, 1);

      F77_XFCN (sgetrf, SGETRF, (nr, nr, tmp_data, nr, pipvt, info));

      // Throw-away extra info LAPACK gives so as to not change output.
      rcon = 0.0;
      if (info != 0)
        {
          info = -1;
          retval = FloatDET ();
        }
      else
        {
          if (calc_cond)
            {
              // Now calc the condition number for non-singular matrix.
              char job = '1';
              Array<float> z (dim_vector (4 * nc, 1));
              float *pz = z.fortran_vec ();
              Array<octave_idx_type> iz (dim_vector (nc, 1));
              octave_idx_type *piz = iz.fortran_vec ();

              F77_XFCN (sgecon, SGECON, (F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG2 (&job, 1),
                                         nc, tmp_data, nr, anorm,
                                         rcon, pz, piz, info
                                         F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN (1)));
            }

          if (info != 0)
            {
              info = -1;
              retval = FloatDET ();
            }
          else
            {
              for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < nc; i++)
                {
                  float c = atmp(i,i);
                  retval *= (ipvt(i) != (i+1)) ? -c : c;
                }
            }
        }
    }

  return retval;
}

float
FloatMatrix::rcond (void) const
{
  MatrixType mattype (*this);
  return rcond (mattype);
}

float
FloatMatrix::rcond (MatrixType &mattype) const
{
  float rcon = octave::numeric_limits<float>::NaN ();
  octave_idx_type nr = rows ();
  octave_idx_type nc = cols ();

  if (nr != nc)
    (*current_liboctave_error_handler) ("matrix must be square");

  if (nr == 0 || nc == 0)
    rcon = octave::numeric_limits<float>::Inf ();
  else
    {
      volatile int typ = mattype.type ();

      if (typ == MatrixType::Unknown)
        typ = mattype.type (*this);

      // Only calculate the condition number for LU/Cholesky
      if (typ == MatrixType::Upper)
        {
          const float *tmp_data = fortran_vec ();
          octave_idx_type info = 0;
          char norm = '1';
          char uplo = 'U';
          char dia = 'N';

          Array<float> z (dim_vector (3 * nc, 1));
          float *pz = z.fortran_vec ();
          Array<octave_idx_type> iz (dim_vector (nc, 1));
          octave_idx_type *piz = iz.fortran_vec ();

          F77_XFCN (strcon, STRCON, (F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG2 (&norm, 1),
                                     F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG2 (&uplo, 1),
                                     F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG2 (&dia, 1),
                                     nr, tmp_data, nr, rcon,
                                     pz, piz, info
                                     F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN (1)
                                     F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN (1)
                                     F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN (1)));

          if (info != 0)
            rcon = 0.0;
        }
      else if (typ == MatrixType::Permuted_Upper)
        (*current_liboctave_error_handler)
          ("permuted triangular matrix not implemented");
      else if (typ == MatrixType::Lower)
        {
          const float *tmp_data = fortran_vec ();
          octave_idx_type info = 0;
          char norm = '1';
          char uplo = 'L';
          char dia = 'N';

          Array<float> z (dim_vector (3 * nc, 1));
          float *pz = z.fortran_vec ();
          Array<octave_idx_type> iz (dim_vector (nc, 1));
          octave_idx_type *piz = iz.fortran_vec ();

          F77_XFCN (strcon, STRCON, (F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG2 (&norm, 1),
                                     F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG2 (&uplo, 1),
                                     F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG2 (&dia, 1),
                                     nr, tmp_data, nr, rcon,
                                     pz, piz, info
                                     F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN (1)
                                     F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN (1)
                                     F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN (1)));

          if (info != 0)
            rcon = 0.0;
        }
      else if (typ == MatrixType::Permuted_Lower)
        (*current_liboctave_error_handler)
          ("permuted triangular matrix not implemented");
      else if (typ == MatrixType::Full || typ == MatrixType::Hermitian)
        {
          float anorm = -1.0;

          if (typ == MatrixType::Hermitian)
            {
              octave_idx_type info = 0;
              char job = 'L';

              FloatMatrix atmp = *this;
              float *tmp_data = atmp.fortran_vec ();

              anorm = atmp.abs().sum().
                      row(static_cast<octave_idx_type>(0)).max();

              F77_XFCN (spotrf, SPOTRF, (F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG2 (&job, 1), nr,
                                         tmp_data, nr, info
                                         F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN (1)));

              if (info != 0)
                {
                  rcon = 0.0;
                  mattype.mark_as_unsymmetric ();
                  typ = MatrixType::Full;
                }
              else
                {
                  Array<float> z (dim_vector (3 * nc, 1));
                  float *pz = z.fortran_vec ();
                  Array<octave_idx_type> iz (dim_vector (nc, 1));
                  octave_idx_type *piz = iz.fortran_vec ();

                  F77_XFCN (spocon, SPOCON, (F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG2 (&job, 1),
                                             nr, tmp_data, nr, anorm,
                                             rcon, pz, piz, info
                                             F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN (1)));

                  if (info != 0)
                    rcon = 0.0;
                }
            }

          if (typ == MatrixType::Full)
            {
              octave_idx_type info = 0;

              FloatMatrix atmp = *this;
              float *tmp_data = atmp.fortran_vec ();

              Array<octave_idx_type> ipvt (dim_vector (nr, 1));
              octave_idx_type *pipvt = ipvt.fortran_vec ();

              if (anorm < 0.)
                anorm = atmp.abs ().sum ().
                        row(static_cast<octave_idx_type>(0)).max ();

              Array<float> z (dim_vector (4 * nc, 1));
              float *pz = z.fortran_vec ();
              Array<octave_idx_type> iz (dim_vector (nc, 1));
              octave_idx_type *piz = iz.fortran_vec ();

              F77_XFCN (sgetrf, SGETRF, (nr, nr, tmp_data, nr, pipvt, info));

              if (info != 0)
                {
                  rcon = 0.0;
                  mattype.mark_as_rectangular ();
                }
              else
                {
                  char job = '1';
                  F77_XFCN (sgecon, SGECON, (F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG2 (&job, 1),
                                             nc, tmp_data, nr, anorm,
                                             rcon, pz, piz, info
                                             F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN (1)));

                  if (info != 0)
                    rcon = 0.0;
                }
            }
        }
      else
        rcon = 0.0;
    }

  return rcon;
}

FloatMatrix
FloatMatrix::utsolve (MatrixType &mattype, const FloatMatrix& b,
                      octave_idx_type& info,
                      float& rcon, solve_singularity_handler sing_handler,
                      bool calc_cond, blas_trans_type transt) const
{
  FloatMatrix retval;

  octave_idx_type nr = rows ();
  octave_idx_type nc = cols ();

  if (nr != b.rows ())
    (*current_liboctave_error_handler)
      ("matrix dimension mismatch solution of linear equations");

  if (nr == 0 || nc == 0 || b.cols () == 0)
    retval = FloatMatrix (nc, b.cols (), 0.0);
  else
    {
      volatile int typ = mattype.type ();

      if (typ == MatrixType::Permuted_Upper || typ == MatrixType::Upper)
        {
          octave_idx_type b_nc = b.cols ();
          rcon = 1.;
          info = 0;

          if (typ == MatrixType::Permuted_Upper)
            (*current_liboctave_error_handler)
              ("permuted triangular matrix not implemented");
          else
            {
              const float *tmp_data = fortran_vec ();

              retval = b;
              float *result = retval.fortran_vec ();

              char uplo = 'U';
              char trans = get_blas_char (transt);
              char dia = 'N';

              F77_XFCN (strtrs, STRTRS, (F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG2 (&uplo, 1),
                                         F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG2 (&trans, 1),
                                         F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG2 (&dia, 1),
                                         nr, b_nc, tmp_data, nr,
                                         result, nr, info
                                         F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN (1)
                                         F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN (1)
                                         F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN (1)));

              if (calc_cond)
                {
                  char norm = '1';
                  uplo = 'U';
                  dia = 'N';

                  Array<float> z (dim_vector (3 * nc, 1));
                  float *pz = z.fortran_vec ();
                  Array<octave_idx_type> iz (dim_vector (nc, 1));
                  octave_idx_type *piz = iz.fortran_vec ();

                  F77_XFCN (strcon, STRCON, (F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG2 (&norm, 1),
                                             F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG2 (&uplo, 1),
                                             F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG2 (&dia, 1),
                                             nr, tmp_data, nr, rcon,
                                             pz, piz, info
                                             F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN (1)
                                             F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN (1)
                                             F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN (1)));

                  if (info != 0)
                    info = -2;

                  volatile float rcond_plus_one = rcon + 1.0;

                  if (rcond_plus_one == 1.0 || octave::math::isnan (rcon))
                    {
                      info = -2;

                      if (sing_handler)
                        sing_handler (rcon);
                      else
                        warn_singular_matrix (rcon);
                    }
                }

            }
        }
      else
        (*current_liboctave_error_handler) ("incorrect matrix type");
    }

  return retval;
}

FloatMatrix
FloatMatrix::ltsolve (MatrixType &mattype, const FloatMatrix& b,
                      octave_idx_type& info,
                      float& rcon, solve_singularity_handler sing_handler,
                      bool calc_cond, blas_trans_type transt) const
{
  FloatMatrix retval;

  octave_idx_type nr = rows ();
  octave_idx_type nc = cols ();

  if (nr != b.rows ())
    (*current_liboctave_error_handler)
      ("matrix dimension mismatch solution of linear equations");

  if (nr == 0 || nc == 0 || b.cols () == 0)
    retval = FloatMatrix (nc, b.cols (), 0.0);
  else
    {
      volatile int typ = mattype.type ();

      if (typ == MatrixType::Permuted_Lower || typ == MatrixType::Lower)
        {
          octave_idx_type b_nc = b.cols ();
          rcon = 1.;
          info = 0;

          if (typ == MatrixType::Permuted_Lower)
            (*current_liboctave_error_handler)
              ("permuted triangular matrix not implemented");
          else
            {
              const float *tmp_data = fortran_vec ();

              retval = b;
              float *result = retval.fortran_vec ();

              char uplo = 'L';
              char trans = get_blas_char (transt);
              char dia = 'N';

              F77_XFCN (strtrs, STRTRS, (F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG2 (&uplo, 1),
                                         F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG2 (&trans, 1),
                                         F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG2 (&dia, 1),
                                         nr, b_nc, tmp_data, nr,
                                         result, nr, info
                                         F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN (1)
                                         F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN (1)
                                         F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN (1)));

              if (calc_cond)
                {
                  char norm = '1';
                  uplo = 'L';
                  dia = 'N';

                  Array<float> z (dim_vector (3 * nc, 1));
                  float *pz = z.fortran_vec ();
                  Array<octave_idx_type> iz (dim_vector (nc, 1));
                  octave_idx_type *piz = iz.fortran_vec ();

                  F77_XFCN (strcon, STRCON, (F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG2 (&norm, 1),
                                             F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG2 (&uplo, 1),
                                             F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG2 (&dia, 1),
                                             nr, tmp_data, nr, rcon,
                                             pz, piz, info
                                             F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN (1)
                                             F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN (1)
                                             F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN (1)));

                  if (info != 0)
                    info = -2;

                  volatile float rcond_plus_one = rcon + 1.0;

                  if (rcond_plus_one == 1.0 || octave::math::isnan (rcon))
                    {
                      info = -2;

                      if (sing_handler)
                        sing_handler (rcon);
                      else
                        warn_singular_matrix (rcon);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
      else
        (*current_liboctave_error_handler) ("incorrect matrix type");
    }

  return retval;
}

FloatMatrix
FloatMatrix::fsolve (MatrixType &mattype, const FloatMatrix& b,
                     octave_idx_type& info,
                     float& rcon, solve_singularity_handler sing_handler,
                     bool calc_cond) const
{
  FloatMatrix retval;

  octave_idx_type nr = rows ();
  octave_idx_type nc = cols ();

  if (nr != nc || nr != b.rows ())
    (*current_liboctave_error_handler)
      ("matrix dimension mismatch solution of linear equations");

  if (nr == 0 || b.cols () == 0)
    retval = FloatMatrix (nc, b.cols (), 0.0);
  else
    {
      volatile int typ = mattype.type ();

      // Calculate the norm of the matrix, for later use.
      float anorm = -1.;

      if (typ == MatrixType::Hermitian)
        {
          info = 0;
          char job = 'L';

          FloatMatrix atmp = *this;
          float *tmp_data = atmp.fortran_vec ();

          anorm = atmp.abs().sum().row(static_cast<octave_idx_type>(0)).max();

          F77_XFCN (spotrf, SPOTRF, (F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG2 (&job, 1), nr,
                                     tmp_data, nr, info
                                     F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN (1)));

          // Throw-away extra info LAPACK gives so as to not change output.
          rcon = 0.0;
          if (info != 0)
            {
              info = -2;

              mattype.mark_as_unsymmetric ();
              typ = MatrixType::Full;
            }
          else
            {
              if (calc_cond)
                {
                  Array<float> z (dim_vector (3 * nc, 1));
                  float *pz = z.fortran_vec ();
                  Array<octave_idx_type> iz (dim_vector (nc, 1));
                  octave_idx_type *piz = iz.fortran_vec ();

                  F77_XFCN (spocon, SPOCON, (F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG2 (&job, 1),
                                             nr, tmp_data, nr, anorm,
                                             rcon, pz, piz, info
                                             F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN (1)));

                  if (info != 0)
                    info = -2;

                  volatile float rcond_plus_one = rcon + 1.0;

                  if (rcond_plus_one == 1.0 || octave::math::isnan (rcon))
                    {
                      info = -2;

                      if (sing_handler)
                        sing_handler (rcon);
                      else
                        warn_singular_matrix (rcon);
                    }
                }

              if (info == 0)
                {
                  retval = b;
                  float *result = retval.fortran_vec ();

                  octave_idx_type b_nc = b.cols ();

                  F77_XFCN (spotrs, SPOTRS, (F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG2 (&job, 1),
                                             nr, b_nc, tmp_data, nr,
                                             result, b.rows (), info
                                             F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN (1)));
                }
              else
                {
                  mattype.mark_as_unsymmetric ();
                  typ = MatrixType::Full;
                }
            }
        }

      if (typ == MatrixType::Full)
        {
          info = 0;

          Array<octave_idx_type> ipvt (dim_vector (nr, 1));
          octave_idx_type *pipvt = ipvt.fortran_vec ();

          FloatMatrix atmp = *this;
          float *tmp_data = atmp.fortran_vec ();

          if (anorm < 0.)
            anorm = atmp.abs().sum().row(static_cast<octave_idx_type>(0)).max();

          Array<float> z (dim_vector (4 * nc, 1));
          float *pz = z.fortran_vec ();
          Array<octave_idx_type> iz (dim_vector (nc, 1));
          octave_idx_type *piz = iz.fortran_vec ();

          F77_XFCN (sgetrf, SGETRF, (nr, nr, tmp_data, nr, pipvt, info));

          // Throw-away extra info LAPACK gives so as to not change output.
          rcon = 0.0;
          if (info != 0)
            {
              info = -2;

              if (sing_handler)
                sing_handler (rcon);
              else
                warn_singular_matrix ();

              mattype.mark_as_rectangular ();
            }
          else
            {
              if (calc_cond)
                {
                  // Now calculate the condition number for
                  // non-singular matrix.
                  char job = '1';
                  F77_XFCN (sgecon, SGECON, (F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG2 (&job, 1),
                                             nc, tmp_data, nr, anorm,
                                             rcon, pz, piz, info
                                             F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN (1)));

                  if (info != 0)
                    info = -2;

                  volatile float rcond_plus_one = rcon + 1.0;

                  if (rcond_plus_one == 1.0 || octave::math::isnan (rcon))
                    {
                      info = -2;

                      if (sing_handler)
                        sing_handler (rcon);
                      else
                        warn_singular_matrix (rcon);
                    }
                }

              if (info == 0)
                {
                  retval = b;
                  float *result = retval.fortran_vec ();

                  octave_idx_type b_nc = b.cols ();

                  char job = 'N';
                  F77_XFCN (sgetrs, SGETRS, (F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG2 (&job, 1),
                                             nr, b_nc, tmp_data, nr,
                                             pipvt, result, b.rows (), info
                                             F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN (1)));
                }
              else
                mattype.mark_as_rectangular ();
            }
        }
      else if (typ != MatrixType::Hermitian)
        (*current_liboctave_error_handler) ("incorrect matrix type");
    }

  return retval;
}

FloatMatrix
FloatMatrix::solve (MatrixType &typ, const FloatMatrix& b) const
{
  octave_idx_type info;
  float rcon;
  return solve (typ, b, info, rcon, 0);
}

FloatMatrix
FloatMatrix::solve (MatrixType &typ, const FloatMatrix& b,
                    octave_idx_type& info) const
{
  float rcon;
  return solve (typ, b, info, rcon, 0);
}

FloatMatrix
FloatMatrix::solve (MatrixType &typ, const FloatMatrix& b,
                    octave_idx_type& info, float& rcon) const
{
  return solve (typ, b, info, rcon, 0);
}

FloatMatrix
FloatMatrix::solve (MatrixType &mattype, const FloatMatrix& b,
                    octave_idx_type& info,
                    float& rcon, solve_singularity_handler sing_handler,
                    bool singular_fallback, blas_trans_type transt) const
{
  FloatMatrix retval;
  int typ = mattype.type ();

  if (typ == MatrixType::Unknown)
    typ = mattype.type (*this);

  // Only calculate the condition number for LU/Cholesky
  if (typ == MatrixType::Upper || typ == MatrixType::Permuted_Upper)
    retval = utsolve (mattype, b, info, rcon, sing_handler, true, transt);
  else if (typ == MatrixType::Lower || typ == MatrixType::Permuted_Lower)
    retval = ltsolve (mattype, b, info, rcon, sing_handler, true, transt);
  else if (transt == blas_trans || transt == blas_conj_trans)
    return transpose ().solve (mattype, b, info, rcon, sing_handler,
                               singular_fallback);
  else if (typ == MatrixType::Full || typ == MatrixType::Hermitian)
    retval = fsolve (mattype, b, info, rcon, sing_handler, true);
  else if (typ != MatrixType::Rectangular)
    (*current_liboctave_error_handler) ("unknown matrix type");

  // Rectangular or one of the above solvers flags a singular matrix
  if (singular_fallback && mattype.type () == MatrixType::Rectangular)
    {
      octave_idx_type rank;
      retval = lssolve (b, info, rank, rcon);
    }

  return retval;
}

FloatComplexMatrix
FloatMatrix::solve (MatrixType &typ, const FloatComplexMatrix& b) const
{
  octave_idx_type info;
  float rcon;
  return solve (typ, b, info, rcon, 0);
}

FloatComplexMatrix
FloatMatrix::solve (MatrixType &typ, const FloatComplexMatrix& b,
                    octave_idx_type& info) const
{
  float rcon;
  return solve (typ, b, info, rcon, 0);
}

FloatComplexMatrix
FloatMatrix::solve (MatrixType &typ, const FloatComplexMatrix& b,
                    octave_idx_type& info,
                    float& rcon) const
{
  return solve (typ, b, info, rcon, 0);
}

static FloatMatrix
stack_complex_matrix (const FloatComplexMatrix& cm)
{
  octave_idx_type m = cm.rows ();
  octave_idx_type n = cm.cols ();
  octave_idx_type nel = m*n;
  FloatMatrix retval (m, 2*n);
  const FloatComplex *cmd = cm.data ();
  float *rd = retval.fortran_vec ();
  for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < nel; i++)
    {
      rd[i] = std::real (cmd[i]);
      rd[nel+i] = std::imag (cmd[i]);
    }
  return retval;
}

static FloatComplexMatrix
unstack_complex_matrix (const FloatMatrix& sm)
{
  octave_idx_type m = sm.rows ();
  octave_idx_type n = sm.cols () / 2;
  octave_idx_type nel = m*n;
  FloatComplexMatrix retval (m, n);
  const float *smd = sm.data ();
  FloatComplex *rd = retval.fortran_vec ();
  for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < nel; i++)
    rd[i] = FloatComplex (smd[i], smd[nel+i]);
  return retval;
}

FloatComplexMatrix
FloatMatrix::solve (MatrixType &typ, const FloatComplexMatrix& b,
                    octave_idx_type& info,
                    float& rcon, solve_singularity_handler sing_handler,
                    bool singular_fallback, blas_trans_type transt) const
{
  FloatMatrix tmp = stack_complex_matrix (b);
  tmp = solve (typ, tmp, info, rcon, sing_handler, singular_fallback, transt);
  return unstack_complex_matrix (tmp);
}

FloatColumnVector
FloatMatrix::solve (MatrixType &typ, const FloatColumnVector& b) const
{
  octave_idx_type info; float rcon;
  return solve (typ, b, info, rcon);
}

FloatColumnVector
FloatMatrix::solve (MatrixType &typ, const FloatColumnVector& b,
                    octave_idx_type& info) const
{
  float rcon;
  return solve (typ, b, info, rcon);
}

FloatColumnVector
FloatMatrix::solve (MatrixType &typ, const FloatColumnVector& b,
                    octave_idx_type& info,
                    float& rcon) const
{
  return solve (typ, b, info, rcon, 0);
}

FloatColumnVector
FloatMatrix::solve (MatrixType &typ, const FloatColumnVector& b,
                    octave_idx_type& info,
                    float& rcon, solve_singularity_handler sing_handler,
                    blas_trans_type transt) const
{
  FloatMatrix tmp (b);
  tmp = solve (typ, tmp, info, rcon, sing_handler, true, transt);
  return tmp.column (static_cast<octave_idx_type> (0));
}

FloatComplexColumnVector
FloatMatrix::solve (MatrixType &typ, const FloatComplexColumnVector& b) const
{
  FloatComplexMatrix tmp (*this);
  return tmp.solve (typ, b);
}

FloatComplexColumnVector
FloatMatrix::solve (MatrixType &typ, const FloatComplexColumnVector& b,
                    octave_idx_type& info) const
{
  FloatComplexMatrix tmp (*this);
  return tmp.solve (typ, b, info);
}

FloatComplexColumnVector
FloatMatrix::solve (MatrixType &typ, const FloatComplexColumnVector& b,
                    octave_idx_type& info, float& rcon) const
{
  FloatComplexMatrix tmp (*this);
  return tmp.solve (typ, b, info, rcon);
}

FloatComplexColumnVector
FloatMatrix::solve (MatrixType &typ, const FloatComplexColumnVector& b,
                    octave_idx_type& info, float& rcon,
                    solve_singularity_handler sing_handler,
                    blas_trans_type transt) const
{
  FloatComplexMatrix tmp (*this);
  return tmp.solve (typ, b, info, rcon, sing_handler, transt);
}

FloatMatrix
FloatMatrix::solve (const FloatMatrix& b) const
{
  octave_idx_type info;
  float rcon;
  return solve (b, info, rcon, 0);
}

FloatMatrix
FloatMatrix::solve (const FloatMatrix& b, octave_idx_type& info) const
{
  float rcon;
  return solve (b, info, rcon, 0);
}

FloatMatrix
FloatMatrix::solve (const FloatMatrix& b, octave_idx_type& info,
                    float& rcon) const
{
  return solve (b, info, rcon, 0);
}

FloatMatrix
FloatMatrix::solve (const FloatMatrix& b, octave_idx_type& info,
                    float& rcon, solve_singularity_handler sing_handler,
                    blas_trans_type transt) const
{
  MatrixType mattype (*this);
  return solve (mattype, b, info, rcon, sing_handler, true, transt);
}

FloatComplexMatrix
FloatMatrix::solve (const FloatComplexMatrix& b) const
{
  FloatComplexMatrix tmp (*this);
  return tmp.solve (b);
}

FloatComplexMatrix
FloatMatrix::solve (const FloatComplexMatrix& b, octave_idx_type& info) const
{
  FloatComplexMatrix tmp (*this);
  return tmp.solve (b, info);
}

FloatComplexMatrix
FloatMatrix::solve (const FloatComplexMatrix& b, octave_idx_type& info,
                    float& rcon) const
{
  FloatComplexMatrix tmp (*this);
  return tmp.solve (b, info, rcon);
}

FloatComplexMatrix
FloatMatrix::solve (const FloatComplexMatrix& b, octave_idx_type& info,
                    float& rcon,
                    solve_singularity_handler sing_handler,
                    blas_trans_type transt) const
{
  FloatComplexMatrix tmp (*this);
  return tmp.solve (b, info, rcon, sing_handler, transt);
}

FloatColumnVector
FloatMatrix::solve (const FloatColumnVector& b) const
{
  octave_idx_type info; float rcon;
  return solve (b, info, rcon);
}

FloatColumnVector
FloatMatrix::solve (const FloatColumnVector& b, octave_idx_type& info) const
{
  float rcon;
  return solve (b, info, rcon);
}

FloatColumnVector
FloatMatrix::solve (const FloatColumnVector& b, octave_idx_type& info,
                    float& rcon) const
{
  return solve (b, info, rcon, 0);
}

FloatColumnVector
FloatMatrix::solve (const FloatColumnVector& b, octave_idx_type& info,
                    float& rcon, solve_singularity_handler sing_handler,
                    blas_trans_type transt) const
{
  MatrixType mattype (*this);
  return solve (mattype, b, info, rcon, sing_handler, transt);
}

FloatComplexColumnVector
FloatMatrix::solve (const FloatComplexColumnVector& b) const
{
  FloatComplexMatrix tmp (*this);
  return tmp.solve (b);
}

FloatComplexColumnVector
FloatMatrix::solve (const FloatComplexColumnVector& b,
                    octave_idx_type& info) const
{
  FloatComplexMatrix tmp (*this);
  return tmp.solve (b, info);
}

FloatComplexColumnVector
FloatMatrix::solve (const FloatComplexColumnVector& b, octave_idx_type& info,
                    float& rcon) const
{
  FloatComplexMatrix tmp (*this);
  return tmp.solve (b, info, rcon);
}

FloatComplexColumnVector
FloatMatrix::solve (const FloatComplexColumnVector& b, octave_idx_type& info,
                    float& rcon, solve_singularity_handler sing_handler,
                    blas_trans_type transt) const
{
  FloatComplexMatrix tmp (*this);
  return tmp.solve (b, info, rcon, sing_handler, transt);
}

FloatMatrix
FloatMatrix::lssolve (const FloatMatrix& b) const
{
  octave_idx_type info;
  octave_idx_type rank;
  float rcon;
  return lssolve (b, info, rank, rcon);
}

FloatMatrix
FloatMatrix::lssolve (const FloatMatrix& b, octave_idx_type& info) const
{
  octave_idx_type rank;
  float rcon;
  return lssolve (b, info, rank, rcon);
}

FloatMatrix
FloatMatrix::lssolve (const FloatMatrix& b, octave_idx_type& info,
                      octave_idx_type& rank) const
{
  float rcon;
  return lssolve (b, info, rank, rcon);
}

FloatMatrix
FloatMatrix::lssolve (const FloatMatrix& b, octave_idx_type& info,
                      octave_idx_type& rank, float &rcon) const
{
  FloatMatrix retval;

  octave_idx_type nrhs = b.cols ();

  octave_idx_type m = rows ();
  octave_idx_type n = cols ();

  if (m != b.rows ())
    (*current_liboctave_error_handler)
      ("matrix dimension mismatch solution of linear equations");

  if (m == 0 || n == 0 || b.cols () == 0)
    retval = FloatMatrix (n, b.cols (), 0.0);
  else
    {
      volatile octave_idx_type minmn = (m < n ? m : n);
      octave_idx_type maxmn = m > n ? m : n;
      rcon = -1.0;
      if (m != n)
        {
          retval = FloatMatrix (maxmn, nrhs, 0.0);

          for (octave_idx_type j = 0; j < nrhs; j++)
            for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < m; i++)
              retval.elem (i, j) = b.elem (i, j);
        }
      else
        retval = b;

      FloatMatrix atmp = *this;
      float *tmp_data = atmp.fortran_vec ();

      float *pretval = retval.fortran_vec ();
      Array<float> s (dim_vector (minmn, 1));
      float *ps = s.fortran_vec ();

      // Ask DGELSD what the dimension of WORK should be.
      octave_idx_type lwork = -1;

      Array<float> work (dim_vector (1, 1));

      octave_idx_type smlsiz;
      F77_FUNC (xilaenv, XILAENV) (9, F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG2 ("SGELSD", 6),
                                   F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG2 (" ", 1),
                                   0, 0, 0, 0, smlsiz
                                   F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN (6)
                                   F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN (1));

      octave_idx_type mnthr;
      F77_FUNC (xilaenv, XILAENV) (6, F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG2 ("SGELSD", 6),
                                   F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG2 (" ", 1),
                                   m, n, nrhs, -1, mnthr
                                   F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN (6)
                                   F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN (1));

      // We compute the size of iwork because DGELSD in older versions
      // of LAPACK does not return it on a query call.
      float dminmn = static_cast<float> (minmn);
      float dsmlsizp1 = static_cast<float> (smlsiz+1);
      float tmp = octave::math::log2 (dminmn / dsmlsizp1);

      octave_idx_type nlvl = static_cast<octave_idx_type> (tmp) + 1;
      if (nlvl < 0)
        nlvl = 0;

      octave_idx_type liwork = 3 * minmn * nlvl + 11 * minmn;
      if (liwork < 1)
        liwork = 1;
      Array<octave_idx_type> iwork (dim_vector (liwork, 1));
      octave_idx_type* piwork = iwork.fortran_vec ();

      F77_XFCN (sgelsd, SGELSD, (m, n, nrhs, tmp_data, m, pretval, maxmn,
                                 ps, rcon, rank, work.fortran_vec (),
                                 lwork, piwork, info));

      // The workspace query is broken in at least LAPACK 3.0.0
      // through 3.1.1 when n >= mnthr.  The obtuse formula below
      // should provide sufficient workspace for DGELSD to operate
      // efficiently.
      if (n > m && n >= mnthr)
        {
          const octave_idx_type wlalsd
            = 9*m + 2*m*smlsiz + 8*m*nlvl + m*nrhs + (smlsiz+1)*(smlsiz+1);

          octave_idx_type addend = m;

          if (2*m-4 > addend)
            addend = 2*m-4;

          if (nrhs > addend)
            addend = nrhs;

          if (n-3*m > addend)
            addend = n-3*m;

          if (wlalsd > addend)
            addend = wlalsd;

          const octave_idx_type lworkaround = 4*m + m*m + addend;

          if (work(0) < lworkaround)
            work(0) = lworkaround;
        }
      else if (m >= n)
        {
          octave_idx_type lworkaround
            = 12*n + 2*n*smlsiz + 8*n*nlvl + n*nrhs + (smlsiz+1)*(smlsiz+1);

          if (work(0) < lworkaround)
            work(0) = lworkaround;
        }

      lwork = static_cast<octave_idx_type> (work(0));
      work.resize (dim_vector (lwork, 1));

      F77_XFCN (sgelsd, SGELSD, (m, n, nrhs, tmp_data, m, pretval,
                                 maxmn, ps, rcon, rank,
                                 work.fortran_vec (), lwork,
                                 piwork, info));

      if (s.elem (0) == 0.0)
        rcon = 0.0;
      else
        rcon = s.elem (minmn - 1) / s.elem (0);

      retval.resize (n, nrhs);
    }

  return retval;
}

FloatComplexMatrix
FloatMatrix::lssolve (const FloatComplexMatrix& b) const
{
  FloatComplexMatrix tmp (*this);
  octave_idx_type info;
  octave_idx_type rank;
  float rcon;
  return tmp.lssolve (b, info, rank, rcon);
}

FloatComplexMatrix
FloatMatrix::lssolve (const FloatComplexMatrix& b, octave_idx_type& info) const
{
  FloatComplexMatrix tmp (*this);
  octave_idx_type rank;
  float rcon;
  return tmp.lssolve (b, info, rank, rcon);
}

FloatComplexMatrix
FloatMatrix::lssolve (const FloatComplexMatrix& b, octave_idx_type& info,
                      octave_idx_type& rank) const
{
  FloatComplexMatrix tmp (*this);
  float rcon;
  return tmp.lssolve (b, info, rank, rcon);
}

FloatComplexMatrix
FloatMatrix::lssolve (const FloatComplexMatrix& b, octave_idx_type& info,
                      octave_idx_type& rank, float& rcon) const
{
  FloatComplexMatrix tmp (*this);
  return tmp.lssolve (b, info, rank, rcon);
}

FloatColumnVector
FloatMatrix::lssolve (const FloatColumnVector& b) const
{
  octave_idx_type info;
  octave_idx_type rank;
  float rcon;
  return lssolve (b, info, rank, rcon);
}

FloatColumnVector
FloatMatrix::lssolve (const FloatColumnVector& b, octave_idx_type& info) const
{
  octave_idx_type rank;
  float rcon;
  return lssolve (b, info, rank, rcon);
}

FloatColumnVector
FloatMatrix::lssolve (const FloatColumnVector& b, octave_idx_type& info,
                      octave_idx_type& rank) const
{
  float rcon;
  return lssolve (b, info, rank, rcon);
}

FloatColumnVector
FloatMatrix::lssolve (const FloatColumnVector& b, octave_idx_type& info,
                      octave_idx_type& rank, float &rcon) const
{
  FloatColumnVector retval;

  octave_idx_type nrhs = 1;

  octave_idx_type m = rows ();
  octave_idx_type n = cols ();

  if (m != b.numel ())
    (*current_liboctave_error_handler)
      ("matrix dimension mismatch solution of linear equations");

  if (m == 0 || n == 0)
    retval = FloatColumnVector (n, 0.0);
  else
    {
      volatile octave_idx_type minmn = (m < n ? m : n);
      octave_idx_type maxmn = m > n ? m : n;
      rcon = -1.0;

      if (m != n)
        {
          retval = FloatColumnVector (maxmn, 0.0);

          for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < m; i++)
            retval.elem (i) = b.elem (i);
        }
      else
        retval = b;

      FloatMatrix atmp = *this;
      float *tmp_data = atmp.fortran_vec ();

      float *pretval = retval.fortran_vec ();
      Array<float> s (dim_vector (minmn, 1));
      float *ps = s.fortran_vec ();

      // Ask DGELSD what the dimension of WORK should be.
      octave_idx_type lwork = -1;

      Array<float> work (dim_vector (1, 1));

      octave_idx_type smlsiz;
      F77_FUNC (xilaenv, XILAENV) (9, F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG2 ("SGELSD", 6),
                                   F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG2 (" ", 1),
                                   0, 0, 0, 0, smlsiz
                                   F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN (6)
                                   F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN (1));

      // We compute the size of iwork because DGELSD in older versions
      // of LAPACK does not return it on a query call.
      float dminmn = static_cast<float> (minmn);
      float dsmlsizp1 = static_cast<float> (smlsiz+1);
      float tmp = octave::math::log2 (dminmn / dsmlsizp1);

      octave_idx_type nlvl = static_cast<octave_idx_type> (tmp) + 1;
      if (nlvl < 0)
        nlvl = 0;

      octave_idx_type liwork = 3 * minmn * nlvl + 11 * minmn;
      if (liwork < 1)
        liwork = 1;
      Array<octave_idx_type> iwork (dim_vector (liwork, 1));
      octave_idx_type* piwork = iwork.fortran_vec ();

      F77_XFCN (sgelsd, SGELSD, (m, n, nrhs, tmp_data, m, pretval, maxmn,
                                 ps, rcon, rank, work.fortran_vec (),
                                 lwork, piwork, info));

      lwork = static_cast<octave_idx_type> (work(0));
      work.resize (dim_vector (lwork, 1));

      F77_XFCN (sgelsd, SGELSD, (m, n, nrhs, tmp_data, m, pretval,
                                 maxmn, ps, rcon, rank,
                                 work.fortran_vec (), lwork,
                                 piwork, info));

      if (rank < minmn)
        {
          if (s.elem (0) == 0.0)
            rcon = 0.0;
          else
            rcon = s.elem (minmn - 1) / s.elem (0);
        }

      retval.resize (n, nrhs);
    }

  return retval;
}

FloatComplexColumnVector
FloatMatrix::lssolve (const FloatComplexColumnVector& b) const
{
  FloatComplexMatrix tmp (*this);
  octave_idx_type info;
  octave_idx_type rank;
  float rcon;
  return tmp.lssolve (b, info, rank, rcon);
}

FloatComplexColumnVector
FloatMatrix::lssolve (const FloatComplexColumnVector& b,
                      octave_idx_type& info) const
{
  FloatComplexMatrix tmp (*this);
  octave_idx_type rank;
  float rcon;
  return tmp.lssolve (b, info, rank, rcon);
}

FloatComplexColumnVector
FloatMatrix::lssolve (const FloatComplexColumnVector& b, octave_idx_type& info,
                      octave_idx_type& rank) const
{
  FloatComplexMatrix tmp (*this);
  float rcon;
  return tmp.lssolve (b, info, rank, rcon);
}

FloatComplexColumnVector
FloatMatrix::lssolve (const FloatComplexColumnVector& b, octave_idx_type& info,
                      octave_idx_type& rank, float &rcon) const
{
  FloatComplexMatrix tmp (*this);
  return tmp.lssolve (b, info, rank, rcon);
}

FloatMatrix&
FloatMatrix::operator += (const FloatDiagMatrix& a)
{
  octave_idx_type nr = rows ();
  octave_idx_type nc = cols ();

  octave_idx_type a_nr = a.rows ();
  octave_idx_type a_nc = a.cols ();

  if (nr != a_nr || nc != a_nc)
    err_nonconformant ("operator +=", nr, nc, a_nr, a_nc);

  for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < a.length (); i++)
    elem (i, i) += a.elem (i, i);

  return *this;
}

FloatMatrix&
FloatMatrix::operator -= (const FloatDiagMatrix& a)
{
  octave_idx_type nr = rows ();
  octave_idx_type nc = cols ();

  octave_idx_type a_nr = a.rows ();
  octave_idx_type a_nc = a.cols ();

  if (nr != a_nr || nc != a_nc)
    err_nonconformant ("operator -=", nr, nc, a_nr, a_nc);

  for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < a.length (); i++)
    elem (i, i) -= a.elem (i, i);

  return *this;
}

// column vector by row vector -> matrix operations

FloatMatrix
operator * (const FloatColumnVector& v, const FloatRowVector& a)
{
  FloatMatrix retval;

  octave_idx_type len = v.numel ();

  if (len != 0)
    {
      octave_idx_type a_len = a.numel ();

      retval = FloatMatrix (len, a_len);
      float *c = retval.fortran_vec ();

      F77_XFCN (sgemm, SGEMM, (F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG2 ("N", 1),
                               F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG2 ("N", 1),
                               len, a_len, 1, 1.0, v.data (), len,
                               a.data (), 1, 0.0, c, len
                               F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN (1)
                               F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN (1)));
    }

  return retval;
}

// FIXME: Do these really belong here?  Maybe they should be in a base class?

FloatMatrix
FloatMatrix::cumprod (int dim) const
{
  return FloatNDArray::cumprod (dim);
}

FloatMatrix
FloatMatrix::cumsum (int dim) const
{
  return FloatNDArray::cumsum (dim);
}

FloatMatrix
FloatMatrix::prod (int dim) const
{
  return FloatNDArray::prod (dim);
}

FloatMatrix
FloatMatrix::sum (int dim) const
{
  return FloatNDArray::sum (dim);
}

FloatMatrix
FloatMatrix::sumsq (int dim) const
{
  return FloatNDArray::sumsq (dim);
}

FloatMatrix
FloatMatrix::abs (void) const
{
  return FloatNDArray::abs ();
}

FloatMatrix
FloatMatrix::diag (octave_idx_type k) const
{
  return FloatNDArray::diag (k);
}

FloatDiagMatrix
FloatMatrix::diag (octave_idx_type m, octave_idx_type n) const
{
  FloatDiagMatrix retval;

  octave_idx_type nr = rows ();
  octave_idx_type nc = cols ();

  if (nr == 1 || nc == 1)
    retval = FloatDiagMatrix (*this, m, n);
  else
    (*current_liboctave_error_handler) ("diag: expecting vector argument");

  return retval;
}

FloatColumnVector
FloatMatrix::row_min (void) const
{
  Array<octave_idx_type> dummy_idx;
  return row_min (dummy_idx);
}

FloatColumnVector
FloatMatrix::row_min (Array<octave_idx_type>& idx_arg) const
{
  FloatColumnVector result;

  octave_idx_type nr = rows ();
  octave_idx_type nc = cols ();

  if (nr > 0 && nc > 0)
    {
      result.resize (nr);
      idx_arg.resize (dim_vector (nr, 1));

      for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < nr; i++)
        {
          octave_idx_type idx_j;

          float tmp_min = octave::numeric_limits<float>::NaN ();

          for (idx_j = 0; idx_j < nc; idx_j++)
            {
              tmp_min = elem (i, idx_j);

              if (! octave::math::isnan (tmp_min))
                break;
            }

          for (octave_idx_type j = idx_j+1; j < nc; j++)
            {
              float tmp = elem (i, j);

              if (octave::math::isnan (tmp))
                continue;
              else if (tmp < tmp_min)
                {
                  idx_j = j;
                  tmp_min = tmp;
                }
            }

          result.elem (i) = tmp_min;
          idx_arg.elem (i) = octave::math::isnan (tmp_min) ? 0 : idx_j;
        }
    }

  return result;
}

FloatColumnVector
FloatMatrix::row_max (void) const
{
  Array<octave_idx_type> dummy_idx;
  return row_max (dummy_idx);
}

FloatColumnVector
FloatMatrix::row_max (Array<octave_idx_type>& idx_arg) const
{
  FloatColumnVector result;

  octave_idx_type nr = rows ();
  octave_idx_type nc = cols ();

  if (nr > 0 && nc > 0)
    {
      result.resize (nr);
      idx_arg.resize (dim_vector (nr, 1));

      for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < nr; i++)
        {
          octave_idx_type idx_j;

          float tmp_max = octave::numeric_limits<float>::NaN ();

          for (idx_j = 0; idx_j < nc; idx_j++)
            {
              tmp_max = elem (i, idx_j);

              if (! octave::math::isnan (tmp_max))
                break;
            }

          for (octave_idx_type j = idx_j+1; j < nc; j++)
            {
              float tmp = elem (i, j);

              if (octave::math::isnan (tmp))
                continue;
              else if (tmp > tmp_max)
                {
                  idx_j = j;
                  tmp_max = tmp;
                }
            }

          result.elem (i) = tmp_max;
          idx_arg.elem (i) = octave::math::isnan (tmp_max) ? 0 : idx_j;
        }
    }

  return result;
}

FloatRowVector
FloatMatrix::column_min (void) const
{
  Array<octave_idx_type> dummy_idx;
  return column_min (dummy_idx);
}

FloatRowVector
FloatMatrix::column_min (Array<octave_idx_type>& idx_arg) const
{
  FloatRowVector result;

  octave_idx_type nr = rows ();
  octave_idx_type nc = cols ();

  if (nr > 0 && nc > 0)
    {
      result.resize (nc);
      idx_arg.resize (dim_vector (1, nc));

      for (octave_idx_type j = 0; j < nc; j++)
        {
          octave_idx_type idx_i;

          float tmp_min = octave::numeric_limits<float>::NaN ();

          for (idx_i = 0; idx_i < nr; idx_i++)
            {
              tmp_min = elem (idx_i, j);

              if (! octave::math::isnan (tmp_min))
                break;
            }

          for (octave_idx_type i = idx_i+1; i < nr; i++)
            {
              float tmp = elem (i, j);

              if (octave::math::isnan (tmp))
                continue;
              else if (tmp < tmp_min)
                {
                  idx_i = i;
                  tmp_min = tmp;
                }
            }

          result.elem (j) = tmp_min;
          idx_arg.elem (j) = octave::math::isnan (tmp_min) ? 0 : idx_i;
        }
    }

  return result;
}

FloatRowVector
FloatMatrix::column_max (void) const
{
  Array<octave_idx_type> dummy_idx;
  return column_max (dummy_idx);
}

FloatRowVector
FloatMatrix::column_max (Array<octave_idx_type>& idx_arg) const
{
  FloatRowVector result;

  octave_idx_type nr = rows ();
  octave_idx_type nc = cols ();

  if (nr > 0 && nc > 0)
    {
      result.resize (nc);
      idx_arg.resize (dim_vector (1, nc));

      for (octave_idx_type j = 0; j < nc; j++)
        {
          octave_idx_type idx_i;

          float tmp_max = octave::numeric_limits<float>::NaN ();

          for (idx_i = 0; idx_i < nr; idx_i++)
            {
              tmp_max = elem (idx_i, j);

              if (! octave::math::isnan (tmp_max))
                break;
            }

          for (octave_idx_type i = idx_i+1; i < nr; i++)
            {
              float tmp = elem (i, j);

              if (octave::math::isnan (tmp))
                continue;
              else if (tmp > tmp_max)
                {
                  idx_i = i;
                  tmp_max = tmp;
                }
            }

          result.elem (j) = tmp_max;
          idx_arg.elem (j) = octave::math::isnan (tmp_max) ? 0 : idx_i;
        }
    }

  return result;
}

std::ostream&
operator << (std::ostream& os, const FloatMatrix& a)
{
  for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < a.rows (); i++)
    {
      for (octave_idx_type j = 0; j < a.cols (); j++)
        {
          os << " ";
          octave_write_float (os, a.elem (i, j));
        }
      os << "\n";
    }
  return os;
}

std::istream&
operator >> (std::istream& is, FloatMatrix& a)
{
  octave_idx_type nr = a.rows ();
  octave_idx_type nc = a.cols ();

  if (nr > 0 && nc > 0)
    {
      float tmp;
      for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < nr; i++)
        for (octave_idx_type j = 0; j < nc; j++)
          {
            tmp = octave_read_value<float> (is);
            if (is)
              a.elem (i, j) = tmp;
            else
              return is;
          }
    }

  return is;
}

FloatMatrix
Givens (float x, float y)
{
  float cc, s, temp_r;

  F77_FUNC (slartg, SLARTG) (x, y, cc, s, temp_r);

  FloatMatrix g (2, 2);

  g.elem (0, 0) = cc;
  g.elem (1, 1) = cc;
  g.elem (0, 1) = s;
  g.elem (1, 0) = -s;

  return g;
}

FloatMatrix
Sylvester (const FloatMatrix& a, const FloatMatrix& b, const FloatMatrix& c)
{
  FloatMatrix retval;

  // FIXME: need to check that a, b, and c are all the same size.

  // Compute Schur decompositions.

  schur<FloatMatrix> as (a, "U");
  schur<FloatMatrix> bs (b, "U");

  // Transform c to new coordinates.

  FloatMatrix ua = as.unitary_matrix ();
  FloatMatrix sch_a = as.schur_matrix ();

  FloatMatrix ub = bs.unitary_matrix ();
  FloatMatrix sch_b = bs.schur_matrix ();

  FloatMatrix cx = ua.transpose () * c * ub;

  // Solve the sylvester equation, back-transform, and return the
  // solution.

  octave_idx_type a_nr = a.rows ();
  octave_idx_type b_nr = b.rows ();

  float scale;
  octave_idx_type info;

  float *pa = sch_a.fortran_vec ();
  float *pb = sch_b.fortran_vec ();
  float *px = cx.fortran_vec ();

  F77_XFCN (strsyl, STRSYL, (F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG2 ("N", 1),
                             F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG2 ("N", 1),
                             1, a_nr, b_nr, pa, a_nr, pb,
                             b_nr, px, a_nr, scale, info
                             F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN (1)
                             F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN (1)));

  // FIXME: check info?

  retval = ua*cx*ub.transpose ();

  return retval;
}

// matrix by matrix -> matrix operations

/*
## Simple Dot Product, Matrix-Vector, and Matrix-Matrix Unit tests
%!assert (single ([1 2 3]) * single ([ 4 ; 5 ; 6]), single (32), 5e-7)
%!assert (single ([1 2 ; 3 4]) * single ([5 ; 6]), single ([17 ; 39]), 5e-7)
%!assert (single ([1 2 ; 3 4]) * single ([5 6 ; 7 8]), single ([19 22; 43 50]), 5e-7)

## Test some simple identities
%!shared M, cv, rv
%! M = single (randn (10,10));
%! cv = single (randn (10,1));
%! rv = single (randn (1,10));
%!assert ([M*cv,M*cv], M*[cv,cv], 5e-6)
%!assert ([M'*cv,M'*cv], M'*[cv,cv], 5e-6)
%!assert ([rv*M;rv*M], [rv;rv]*M, 5e-6)
%!assert ([rv*M';rv*M'], [rv;rv]*M', 5e-6)
%!assert (2*rv*cv, [rv,rv]*[cv;cv], 5e-6)

*/

static char
get_blas_trans_arg (bool trans)
{
  return trans ? 'T' : 'N';
}

// the general GEMM operation

FloatMatrix
xgemm (const FloatMatrix& a, const FloatMatrix& b,
       blas_trans_type transa, blas_trans_type transb)
{
  FloatMatrix retval;

  bool tra = transa != blas_no_trans;
  bool trb = transb != blas_no_trans;

  octave_idx_type a_nr = tra ? a.cols () : a.rows ();
  octave_idx_type a_nc = tra ? a.rows () : a.cols ();

  octave_idx_type b_nr = trb ? b.cols () : b.rows ();
  octave_idx_type b_nc = trb ? b.rows () : b.cols ();

  if (a_nc != b_nr)
    err_nonconformant ("operator *", a_nr, a_nc, b_nr, b_nc);

  if (a_nr == 0 || a_nc == 0 || b_nc == 0)
    retval = FloatMatrix (a_nr, b_nc, 0.0);
  else if (a.data () == b.data () && a_nr == b_nc && tra != trb)
    {
      octave_idx_type lda = a.rows ();

      retval = FloatMatrix (a_nr, b_nc);
      float *c = retval.fortran_vec ();

      const char ctra = get_blas_trans_arg (tra);
      F77_XFCN (ssyrk, SSYRK, (F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG2 ("U", 1),
                               F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG2 (&ctra, 1),
                               a_nr, a_nc, 1.0,
                               a.data (), lda, 0.0, c, a_nr
                               F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN (1)
                               F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN (1)));
      for (int j = 0; j < a_nr; j++)
        for (int i = 0; i < j; i++)
          retval.xelem (j,i) = retval.xelem (i,j);

    }
  else
    {
      octave_idx_type lda = a.rows ();
      octave_idx_type tda = a.cols ();
      octave_idx_type ldb = b.rows ();
      octave_idx_type tdb = b.cols ();

      retval = FloatMatrix (a_nr, b_nc);
      float *c = retval.fortran_vec ();

      if (b_nc == 1)
        {
          if (a_nr == 1)
            F77_FUNC (xsdot, XSDOT) (a_nc, a.data (), 1, b.data (), 1, *c);
          else
            {
              const char ctra = get_blas_trans_arg (tra);
              F77_XFCN (sgemv, SGEMV, (F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG2 (&ctra, 1),
                                       lda, tda, 1.0,  a.data (), lda,
                                       b.data (), 1, 0.0, c, 1
                                       F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN (1)));
            }
        }
      else if (a_nr == 1)
        {
          const char crevtrb = get_blas_trans_arg (! trb);
          F77_XFCN (sgemv, SGEMV, (F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG2 (&crevtrb, 1),
                                   ldb, tdb, 1.0,  b.data (), ldb,
                                   a.data (), 1, 0.0, c, 1
                                   F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN (1)));
        }
      else
        {
          const char ctra = get_blas_trans_arg (tra);
          const char ctrb = get_blas_trans_arg (trb);
          F77_XFCN (sgemm, SGEMM, (F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG2 (&ctra, 1),
                                   F77_CONST_CHAR_ARG2 (&ctrb, 1),
                                   a_nr, b_nc, a_nc, 1.0, a.data (),
                                   lda, b.data (), ldb, 0.0, c, a_nr
                                   F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN (1)
                                   F77_CHAR_ARG_LEN (1)));
        }
    }

  return retval;
}

FloatMatrix
operator * (const FloatMatrix& a, const FloatMatrix& b)
{
  return xgemm (a, b);
}

// FIXME: it would be nice to share code among the min/max functions below.

#define EMPTY_RETURN_CHECK(T)                   \
  if (nr == 0 || nc == 0)                       \
    return T (nr, nc);

FloatMatrix
min (float d, const FloatMatrix& m)
{
  octave_idx_type nr = m.rows ();
  octave_idx_type nc = m.columns ();

  EMPTY_RETURN_CHECK (FloatMatrix);

  FloatMatrix result (nr, nc);

  for (octave_idx_type j = 0; j < nc; j++)
    for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < nr; i++)
      {
        octave_quit ();
        result(i, j) = octave::math::min (d, m(i, j));
      }

  return result;
}

FloatMatrix
min (const FloatMatrix& m, float d)
{
  octave_idx_type nr = m.rows ();
  octave_idx_type nc = m.columns ();

  EMPTY_RETURN_CHECK (FloatMatrix);

  FloatMatrix result (nr, nc);

  for (octave_idx_type j = 0; j < nc; j++)
    for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < nr; i++)
      {
        octave_quit ();
        result(i, j) = octave::math::min (m(i, j), d);
      }

  return result;
}

FloatMatrix
min (const FloatMatrix& a, const FloatMatrix& b)
{
  octave_idx_type nr = a.rows ();
  octave_idx_type nc = a.columns ();

  if (nr != b.rows () || nc != b.columns ())
    (*current_liboctave_error_handler)
      ("two-arg min requires same size arguments");

  EMPTY_RETURN_CHECK (FloatMatrix);

  FloatMatrix result (nr, nc);

  for (octave_idx_type j = 0; j < nc; j++)
    for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < nr; i++)
      {
        octave_quit ();
        result(i, j) = octave::math::min (a(i, j), b(i, j));
      }

  return result;
}

FloatMatrix
max (float d, const FloatMatrix& m)
{
  octave_idx_type nr = m.rows ();
  octave_idx_type nc = m.columns ();

  EMPTY_RETURN_CHECK (FloatMatrix);

  FloatMatrix result (nr, nc);

  for (octave_idx_type j = 0; j < nc; j++)
    for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < nr; i++)
      {
        octave_quit ();
        result(i, j) = octave::math::max (d, m(i, j));
      }

  return result;
}

FloatMatrix
max (const FloatMatrix& m, float d)
{
  octave_idx_type nr = m.rows ();
  octave_idx_type nc = m.columns ();

  EMPTY_RETURN_CHECK (FloatMatrix);

  FloatMatrix result (nr, nc);

  for (octave_idx_type j = 0; j < nc; j++)
    for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < nr; i++)
      {
        octave_quit ();
        result(i, j) = octave::math::max (m(i, j), d);
      }

  return result;
}

FloatMatrix
max (const FloatMatrix& a, const FloatMatrix& b)
{
  octave_idx_type nr = a.rows ();
  octave_idx_type nc = a.columns ();

  if (nr != b.rows () || nc != b.columns ())
    (*current_liboctave_error_handler)
      ("two-arg max requires same size arguments");

  EMPTY_RETURN_CHECK (FloatMatrix);

  FloatMatrix result (nr, nc);

  for (octave_idx_type j = 0; j < nc; j++)
    for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < nr; i++)
      {
        octave_quit ();
        result(i, j) = octave::math::max (a(i, j), b(i, j));
      }

  return result;
}

FloatMatrix linspace (const FloatColumnVector& x1,
                      const FloatColumnVector& x2,
                      octave_idx_type n)

{
  octave_idx_type m = x1.numel ();

  if (x2.numel () != m)
    (*current_liboctave_error_handler)
      ("linspace: vectors must be of equal length");

  NoAlias<FloatMatrix> retval;

  if (n < 1)
    {
      retval.clear (m, 0);
      return retval;
    }

  retval.clear (m, n);
  for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < m; i++)
    retval(i, 0) = x1(i);

  // The last column is unused so temporarily store delta there
  float *delta = &retval(0, n-1);
  for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < m; i++)
    delta[i] = (x2(i) - x1(i)) / (n - 1);

  for (octave_idx_type j = 1; j < n-1; j++)
    for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < m; i++)
      retval(i, j) = x1(i) + j*delta[i];

  for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < m; i++)
    retval(i, n-1) = x2(i);

  return retval;
}

MS_CMP_OPS (FloatMatrix, float)
MS_BOOL_OPS (FloatMatrix, float)

SM_CMP_OPS (float, FloatMatrix)
SM_BOOL_OPS (float, FloatMatrix)

MM_CMP_OPS (FloatMatrix, FloatMatrix)
MM_BOOL_OPS (FloatMatrix, FloatMatrix)