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author | Kai T. Ohlhus <k.ohlhus@gmail.com> |
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date | Fri, 08 Apr 2022 21:54:44 +0900 |
parents | e69093ab4992 |
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--- layout: page title: GNU Octave Version 2 permalink: NEWS-2.html --- ## Summary of important user-visible changes {% include release_news_select.md %} {::options parse_block_html="true" /} <div class="panel callout"> * TOC {:toc} </div> {::options parse_block_html="false" /} ### Version 2.0.17 - This will probably be the last release in the 2.0.x series. There are a few bug fixes, but the major change is to print a message saying that Octave 2.0.x cannot be compiled with gcc 3.0.x or gcc 2.96. If you want to build Octave 2.0.x, you will need to use gcc 2.95.x. If you want to use gcc 3.0.x or some later version, you should be using the Octave 2.1.35 sources or a more recent version. ### Version 2.0.16 - This is primarily a bug-fixing release. ### Version 2.0.15 - This is primarily a bug-fixing release. - If you are using GNU Emacs 19.34 or earlier, you will need to add the following code to your `~/.emacs` file in order to use Emacs Octave mode: ``` ;; Set up the custom library. ;; taken from http://www.dina.kvl.dk/~abraham/custom/ (eval-and-compile (condition-case () (require 'custom) (error nil)) (if (and (featurep 'custom) (fboundp 'custom-declare-variable)) nil ;; We've got what we needed ;; We have the old custom-library, hack around it! (defmacro defgroup (&rest args) nil) (defmacro defcustom (var value doc &rest args) (` (defvar (, var) (, value) (, doc)))))) ``` ### Version 2.0.14 This release fixes numerous bugs and adds the following new features: <ul> <li>argv is now padded with blanks instead of ASCII NUL.</li> <li>New functions: <dl> <dt><b>besselh</b></dt> Hankel functions of the first and second kind <dt><b>airy</b></dt> Airy functions of the first and second kind, and their derivatives </dl></li> <li>The Bessel functions now accept complex values for the argument and any real value for the order.</li> <li>The value of LOADPATH set by the environment variable OCTAVE_PATH, the -p or --path command line options, or on the command line is no longer modified to include the default path. Instead it is left as specified. Its default value is now ":", which tells Octave to search the default path, and the new built-in variable DEFAULT_LOADPATH contains the default list of directories to search. </li> <li>The function file_in_path no longer does any special processing of its PATH argument. To search LOADPATH for files, it is now generally better to use the new function file_in_loadpath.</li> <li>If fread is given a skip parameter, the skip is performed after the read instead of before (for compatibility with Matlab).</li> <li>The new built-in variable `crash_dumps_octave_core' controls whether Octave writes user variables to the file `octave-core' when it crashes or is killed by a signal. The default value is 1 (0 if you use --traditional).</li> <li>If LOADPATH contains a doubled colon, the default path is inserted in its place. This is similar to the substitution that also takes place for leading or trailing colons in the LOADPATH.</li> <li>Loops of the form `for i = STRING ... endfor' are now allowed.</li> <li>It is now possible to set the iteration limit for lsode using lsode_options ("step limit", N).</li> <li>New functions: <dl> <dt><b>is_complex</b></dt> tell whether a value is complex <dt><b>isnumeric</b></dt> tell whether a value is a numeric object <dt><b>isfinite</b></dt> find finite elements of a matrix object <dt><b>rehash</b></dt> re-initialize the cache of directories in LOADPATH <dt><b>graw</b></dt> send a string to the gnuplot subprocess </dl></li> <li>New functions from Kurt Hornik's Octave-ci package: <ul> <li>In finance (new directory): <dl> <dt><b>fv</b></dt> <dd>future value of an investment</dd> <dt><b>fvl</b></dt> <dd>future value of an initial lump sum investment</dd> <dt><b>irr</b></dt> <dd>internal rate of return of an investment</dd> <dt><b>nper</b></dt> <dd>number of payments needed for amortizing a loan</dd> <dt><b>npv</b></dt> <dd>net present value of a series of payments</dd> <dt><b>pmt</b></dt> <dd>amount of periodic payment needed to amortize a loan</dd> <dt><b>pv</b></dt> <dd>present value of an investment</dd> <dt><b>pvl</b></dt> <dd>present value of an investment that pays off at the end</dd> <dt><b>rate</b></dt> <dd>rate of return of an investment</dd> <dt><b>vol</b></dt> <dd>volatility of financial time series data</dd> </dl></li> <li>In linear-algebra: <dl> <dt><b>dmult</b></dt> <dd>rescale the rows of a matrix</dd> </dl></li> <li>In signal: <dl> <dt><b>arch_fit</b></dt> <dd>fit an ARCH regression model</dd> <dt><b>arch_rnd</b></dt> <dd>simulate an ARCH process</dd> <dt><b>arch_test</b></dt> <dd>test for conditional heteroscedascity</dd> <dt><b>arma_rnd</b></dt> <dd>simulate an ARMA process</dd> <dt><b>autocor</b></dt> <dd>compute autocorrelations</dd> <dt><b>autocov</b></dt> <dd>compute autocovariances</dd> <dt><b>autoreg_matrix</b></dt> <dd>design matrix for autoregressions</dd> <dt><b>bartlett</b></dt> <dd>coefficients of the Bartlett (triangular) window</dd> <dt><b>blackman</b></dt> <dd>coefficients of the Blackman window</dd> <dt><b>diffpara</b></dt> <dd>estimate the fractional differencing parameter</dd> <dt><b>durbinlevinson</b></dt> <dd>perform one step of the Durbin-Levinson algorithm</dd> <dt><b>fractdiff</b></dt> <dd>compute fractional differences</dd> <dt><b>hamming</b></dt> <dd>coefficients of the Hamming window</dd> <dt><b>hanning</b></dt> <dd>coefficients of the Hanning window</dd> <dt><b>hurst</b></dt> <dd>estimate the Hurst parameter</dd> <dt><b>periodogram</b></dt> <dd>compute the periodogram</dd> <dt><b>rectangle_lw</b></dt> <dd>rectangular lag window</dd> <dt><b>rectangle_sw</b></dt> <dd>rectangular spectral window</dd> <dt><b>sinetone</b></dt> <dd>compute a sine tone</dd> <dt><b>sinewave</b></dt> <dd>compute a sine wave</dd> <dt><b>spectral_adf</b></dt> <dd>spectral density estimation</dd> <dt><b>spectral_xdf</b></dt> <dd>spectral density estimation</dd> <dt><b>spencer</b></dt> <dd>apply Spencer's 15-point MA filter</dd> <dt><b>stft</b></dt> <dd>short-term Fourier transform</dd> <dt><b>synthesis</b></dt> <dd>recover a signal from its short-term Fourier transform</dd> <dt><b>triangle_lw</b></dt> <dd>triangular lag window</dd> <dt><b>triangle_sw</b></dt> <dd>triangular spectral window</dd> <dt><b>yulewalker</b></dt> <dd>fit AR model by Yule-Walker method</dd> </dl></li> <li>In statistics/base (new directory): <dl> <dt><b>center</b></dt> <dd>center by subtracting means</dd> <dt><b>cloglog</b></dt> <dd>complementary log-log function</dd> <dt><b>cor</b></dt> <dd>compute correlations</dd> <dt><b>cov</b></dt> <dd>compute covariances</dd> <dt><b>cut</b></dt> <dd>cut data into intervals</dd> <dt><b>iqr</b></dt> <dd>interquartile range</dd> <dt><b>kendall</b></dt> <dd>kendall's rank correlation tau</dd> <dt><b>logit</b></dt> <dd>logit transformation</dd> <dt><b>mean</b></dt> <dd>compute arithmetic, geometric, and harmonic mean</dd> <dt><b>meansq</b></dt> <dd>compute mean square</dd> <dt><b>moment</b></dt> <dd>compute moments</dd> <dt><b>ppplot</b></dt> <dd>perform a PP-plot (probability plot)</dd> <dt><b>probit</b></dt> <dd>probit transformation</dd> <dt><b>qqplot</b></dt> <dd>perform a QQ-plot (quantile plot)</dd> <dt><b>range</b></dt> <dd>compute range</dd> <dt><b>ranks</b></dt> <dd>compute ranks</dd> <dt><b>run_count</b></dt> <dd>count upward runs</dd> <dt><b>spearman</b></dt> <dd>spearman's rank correlation rho</dd> <dt><b>statistics</b></dt> <dd>compute basic statistics</dd> <dt><b>studentize</b></dt> <dd>subtract mean and divide by standard deviation</dd> <dt><b>table</b></dt> <dd>cross tabulation</dd> <dt><b>values</b></dt> <dd>extract unique elements</dd> <dt><b>var</b></dt> <dd>compute variance</dd> </dl></li> <li>In statistics/distributions (new directory): <dl> <dt><b>beta_cdf</b></dt> <dd>CDF of the Beta distribution</dd> <dt><b>beta_inv</b></dt> <dd>Quantile function of the Beta distribution</dd> <dt><b>beta_pdf</b></dt> <dd>PDF of the Beta distribution</dd> <dt><b>beta_rnd</b></dt> <dd>Random deviates from the Beta distribution </dd> <dt><b>binomial_cdf</b></dt> <dd>CDF of the binomial distribution</dd> <dt><b>binomial_inv</b></dt> <dd>Quantile function of the binomial distribution</dd> <dt><b>binomial_pdf</b></dt> <dd>PDF of the binomial distribution</dd> <dt><b>binomial_rnd</b></dt> <dd>Random deviates from the binomial distribution </dd> <dt><b>cauchy_cdf</b></dt> <dd>CDF of the Cauchy distribution</dd> <dt><b>cauchy_inv</b></dt> <dd>Quantile function of the Cauchy distribution</dd> <dt><b>cauchy_pdf</b></dt> <dd>PDF of the Cauchy distribution</dd> <dt><b>cauchy_rnd</b></dt> <dd>Random deviates from the Cauchy distribution </dd> <dt><b>chisquare_cdf</b></dt> <dd>CDF of the chi-square distribution</dd> <dt><b>chisquare_inv</b></dt> <dd>Quantile function of the chi-square distribution</dd> <dt><b>chisquare_pdf</b></dt> <dd>PDF of the chi-sqaure distribution</dd> <dt><b>chisquare_rnd</b></dt> <dd>Random deviates from the chi-square distribution </dd> <dt><b>discrete_cdf</b></dt> <dd>CDF of a discrete distribution</dd> <dt><b>discrete_inv</b></dt> <dd>Quantile function of a discrete distribution</dd> <dt><b>discrete_pdf</b></dt> <dd>PDF of a discrete distribution</dd> <dt><b>discrete_rnd</b></dt> <dd>Random deviates from a discrete distribution </dd> <dt><b>empirical_cdf</b></dt> <dd>CDF of the empirical distribution</dd> <dt><b>empirical_inv</b></dt> <dd>Quantile function of the empirical distribution</dd> <dt><b>empirical_pdf</b></dt> <dd>PDF of the empirical distribution</dd> <dt><b>empirical_rnd</b></dt> <dd>Bootstrap samples from the empirical distribution </dd> <dt><b>exponential_cdf</b></dt> <dd>CDF of the exponential distribution</dd> <dt><b>exponential_inv</b></dt> <dd>Quantile function of the exponential distribution</dd> <dt><b>exponential_pdf</b></dt> <dd>PDF of the exponential distribution</dd> <dt><b>exponential_rnd</b></dt> <dd>Random deviates from the exponential distribution </dd> <dt><b>f_cdf</b></dt> <dd>CDF of the F distribution</dd> <dt><b>f_inv</b></dt> <dd>Quantile function of the F distribution</dd> <dt><b>f_pdf</b></dt> <dd>PDF of the F distribution</dd> <dt><b>f_rnd</b></dt> <dd>Random deviates from the F distribution </dd> <dt><b>gamma_cdf</b></dt> <dd>CDF of the Gamma distribution</dd> <dt><b>gamma_inv</b></dt> <dd>Quantile function of the Gamma distribution</dd> <dt><b>gamma_pdf</b></dt> <dd>PDF of the Gamma distribution</dd> <dt><b>gamma_rnd</b></dt> <dd>Random deviates from the Gamma distribution </dd> <dt><b>geometric_cdf</b></dt> <dd>CDF of the geometric distribution</dd> <dt><b>geometric_inv</b></dt> <dd>Quantile function of the geometric distribution</dd> <dt><b>geometric_pdf</b></dt> <dd>PDF of the geometric distribution</dd> <dt><b>geometric_rnd</b></dt> <dd>Random deviates from the geometric distribution </dd> <dt><b>hypergeometric_cdf</b></dt> <dd>CDF of the hypergeometric distribution</dd> <dt><b>hypergeometric_inv</b></dt> <dd>Random deviates from hypergeometric distribution</dd> <dt><b>hypergeometric_pdf</b></dt> <dd>PDF of the hypergeometric distribution</dd> <dt><b>hypergeometric_rnd</b></dt> <dd>Random deviates from hypergeometric distribution </dd> <dt><b>kolmogorov_smirnov_cdf</b></dt> <dd>CDF of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov distribution </dd> <dt><b>laplace_cdf</b></dt> <dd>CDF of the Laplace distribution</dd> <dt><b>laplace_inv</b></dt> <dd>Quantile function of the Laplace distribution</dd> <dt><b>laplace_pdf</b></dt> <dd>PDF of the Laplace distribution</dd> <dt><b>laplace_rnd</b></dt> <dd>Random deviates from the Laplace distribution </dd> <dt><b>logistic_cdf</b></dt> <dd>CDF of the logistic distribution</dd> <dt><b>logistic_inv</b></dt> <dd>Quantile function of the logistic distribution</dd> <dt><b>logistic_pdf</b></dt> <dd>PDF of the logistic distribution</dd> <dt><b>logistic_rnd</b></dt> <dd>Random deviates from the logistic distribution </dd> <dt><b>lognormal_cdf</b></dt> <dd>CDF of the log normal distribution</dd> <dt><b>lognormal_inv</b></dt> <dd>Quantile function of the log normal distribution</dd> <dt><b>lognormal_pdf</b></dt> <dd>PDF of the log normal distribution</dd> <dt><b>lognormal_rnd</b></dt> <dd>Random deviates from the log normal distribution </dd> <dt><b>normal_cdf</b></dt> <dd>CDF of the normal distribution</dd> <dt><b>normal_inv</b></dt> <dd>Quantile function of the normal distribution</dd> <dt><b>normal_pdf</b></dt> <dd>PDF of the normal distribution</dd> <dt><b>normal_rnd</b></dt> <dd>Random deviates from the normal distribution </dd> <dt><b>pascal_cdf</b></dt> <dd>CDF of the Pascal (negative binomial) distribution</dd> <dt><b>pascal_inv</b></dt> <dd>Quantile function of the Pascal distribution</dd> <dt><b>pascal_pdf</b></dt> <dd>PDF of the Pascal (negative binomial) distribution</dd> <dt><b>pascal_rnd</b></dt> <dd>Random deviates from the Pascal distribution </dd> <dt><b>poisson_cdf</b></dt> <dd>CDF of the Poisson distribution</dd> <dt><b>poisson_inv</b></dt> <dd>Quantile function of the Poisson distribution</dd> <dt><b>poisson_pdf</b></dt> <dd>PDF of the Poisson distribution</dd> <dt><b>poisson_rnd</b></dt> <dd>Random deviates from the Poisson distribution </dd> <dt><b>stdnormal_cdf</b></dt> <dd>CDF of the standard normal distribution</dd> <dt><b>stdnormal_inv</b></dt> <dd>Quantile function of standard normal distribution</dd> <dt><b>stdnormal_pdf</b></dt> <dd>PDF of the standard normal distribution</dd> <dt><b>stdnormal_rnd</b></dt> <dd>Random deviates from standard normal distribution </dd> <dt><b>t_cdf</b></dt> <dd>CDF of the t distribution</dd> <dt><b>t_inv</b></dt> <dd>Quantile function of the t distribution</dd> <dt><b>t_pdf</b></dt> <dd>PDF of the t distribution</dd> <dt><b>t_rnd</b></dt> <dd>Random deviates from the t distribution </dd> <dt><b>uniform_cdf</b></dt> <dd>CDF of the uniform distribution</dd> <dt><b>uniform_inv</b></dt> <dd>Quantile function of the uniform distribution</dd> <dt><b>uniform_pdf</b></dt> <dd>PDF of the uniform distribution</dd> <dt><b>uniform_rnd</b></dt> <dd>Random deviates from the uniform distribution </dd> <dt><b>weibull_cdf</b></dt> <dd>CDF of the Weibull distribution</dd> <dt><b>weibull_inv</b></dt> <dd>Quantile function of the Weibull distribution</dd> <dt><b>weibull_pdf</b></dt> <dd>PDF of the Weibull distribution</dd> <dt><b>weibull_rnd</b></dt> <dd>Random deviates from the Weibull distribution </dd> <dt><b>wiener_rnd</b></dt> <dd>Simulate a Wiener process</dd> </dl></li> <li>In statistics/models (new directory): <dl> <dt><b>logistic_regression</b></dt> <dd>ordinal logistic regression</dd> <dt><b>logistic_regression_derivatives</b></dt> <dd>derivates of log-likelihood in logistic regression</dd> <dt><b>logistic_regression_likelihood</b></dt> <dd>likelihood in logistic regression</dd> </dl></li> <li>In statistics/tests (new directory): <dl> <dt><b>anova</b></dt> <dd>one-way analysis of variance</dd> <dt><b>bartlett_test</b></dt> <dd>bartlett test for homogeneity of variances</dd> <dt><b>chisquare_test_homogeneity</b></dt> <dd>chi-square test for homogeneity</dd> <dt><b>chisquare_test_independence</b></dt> <dd>chi-square test for independence</dd> <dt><b>cor_test</b></dt> <dd>test for zero correlation</dd> <dt><b>f_test_regression</b></dt> <dd>test linear hypotheses in linear regression model</dd> <dt><b>hotelling_test</b></dt> <dd>test for mean of a multivariate normal</dd> <dt><b>hotelling_test_2</b></dt> <dd>compare means of two multivariate normals</dd> <dt><b>kolmogorov_smirnov_test</b></dt> <dd>one-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test</dd> <dt><b>kolmogorov_smirnov_test_2</b></dt> <dd>two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test</dd> <dt><b>kruskal_wallis_test</b></dt> <dd>kruskal-Wallis test</dd> <dt><b>manova</b></dt> <dd>one-way multivariate analysis of variance</dd> <dt><b>mcnemar_test</b></dt> <dd>mcnemar's test for symmetry</dd> <dt><b>prop_test_2</b></dt> <dd>compare two proportions</dd> <dt><b>run_test</b></dt> <dd>run test for independence</dd> <dt><b>sign_test</b></dt> <dd>sign test</dd> <dt><b>t_test</b></dt> <dd>student's one-sample t test </dd> <dt><b>t_test_2</b></dt> <dd>student's two-sample t test</dd> <dt><b>t_test_regression</b></dt> <dd>test one linear hypothesis in linear regression model</dd> <dt><b>u_test</b></dt> <dd>mann-Whitney U-test</dd> <dt><b>var_test</b></dt> <dd>f test to compare two variances</dd> <dt><b>welch_test</b></dt> <dd>welch two-sample t test</dd> <dt><b>wilcoxon_test</b></dt> <dd>wilcoxon signed-rank test</dd> <dt><b>z_test</b></dt> <dd>test for mean of a normal sample with known variance</dd> <dt><b>z_test_2</b></dt> <dd>compare means of two normal samples with known variances</dd> </dl></li> </ul></li> <li>The save command now accepts the option -append to save the variables at the end of the file, leaving the existing contents.</li> <li>New command-line option --no-history (also available using the single character option -H) inhibits saving command history.</li> <li>The mkoctfile script now accepts -DDEF options and passes them on to the C and C++ compilers.</li> </ul> ### Version 2.0.13 - This is a bug-fixing release. There are no new user-visible features. ### Version 2.0.12 <ul> <li>Tilde expansion is once again performed on the directories listed in the LOADPATH variable.</li> <li>gplot now supports the `axes' qualifier that is new with gnuplot 3.6beta.</li> <li>Timestamps on .m and .oct files are now only checked if a prompt has been printed since the last timestamp check.</li> <li>Octave now prints a warning if a .m or .oct file has a time stamp in the future.</li> <li>For matrices, x(:) now works no matter what the value of do_fortran_indexing is.</li> <li>New keywords __FILE__ and __LINE__ expand to the name of the file that is being read and the current input line number, respectively.</li> <li>The GNU Info reader is no longer distributed with Octave because current releases of GNU Info now support all the features needed by Octave. If your copy of GNU Info doesn't support the --index-search option, you should install a newer version of GNU Info, which is distributed as part of the GNU Texinfo package.</li> <li>Running `make check' should work now before you run `make install', even if you build a copy of Octave that depends on shared versions of the Octave libraries.</li> <li>Octave now uses kpathsea 3.2.</li> <li>The new built-in variable `kluge_procbuf_delay' specifies the number of microseconds to delay in the parent process after forking. By default on gnu-win32 systems, it's set to 500000 (1/2 second). On other systems, the default value is 0. Delaying for a short time in the parent after forking seems to avoid problems in which communicating with subprocesses via pipes would sometimes cause Octave to hang. I doubt that the delay is really the right solution. If anyone has a better idea, I'd love to hear it.</li> </ul> ### Version 2.0.11 - There are two new built-in variables that control how global variables are initialized. If `initialize_global_variables` is nonzero, global variables are initialized to the value of the variable `default_global_variable_value`. The default value of `initialize_global_variables` is 0 (1 if you use `--traditional`) and `default_global_variable_value` is undefined (the empty matrix if you use `--traditional`). The default settings are compatible with versions of Octave before 2.0.10. ### Version 2.0.10 <ul> <li>The built-in variable `PWD' has been removed. If you need to get the value of the current working directory, use the pwd() function instead.</li> <li>For compatibility with Matlab, Octave's lyap function now solves <pre> A*X + X*A' + C = 0 </pre> instead of <pre> A'*X + X*A + C = 0 </pre> To try to avoid confusion for people who are used to the way Octave behaved in previous versions, a warning is printed the first time lyap is called in a given session. To completely disable the warning, simply add <pre> global __disable_lyap_interface_change_warning__; </pre> to your ~/.octaverc file. The warning will eventually disappear for good in some future version of Octave.</li> <li>New built-in functions for computing Bessel functions: besseli, besselj, besselk, and bessely.</li> <li>The gammai and betai functions are now implemented as built-in functions rather than function files.</li> <li>The new built-in variable `implicit_num_to_str_ok' controls whether Octave converts expressions like `[97, 98, 99, "123"]' to strings. The default value is 0 unless you use --traditional.</li> <li>The new built-in variable `fixed_point_format' controls whether Octave uses a scaled fixed-point format for displaying matrices. The default value is 0 unless you use --traditional.</li> <li>The function sumsq now computes sum (x .* conj (x)) for complex values.</li> <li>Dynamically linked functions can be cleared.</li> <li>If a .oct file has a time stamp more recent than the time that it was loaded, it is automatically reloaded. Reloading a .oct file may cause several functions to be cleared automatically. By default, a warning is printed that lists the names of the functions that will be cleared. You can suppress the message by setting the new built-in variable `warn_reload_forces_clear' to 0.</li> <li>Global variables are now initialized to the empty matrix, for compatibility with Matlab.</li> <li>Explicit initialization of global variables only happens once. For example, after the following statements are evaluated, g still has the value 1. <pre> global g = 1 global g = 2 </pre> This is useful for initializing global variables that are used to maintain state information that is shared among several functions.</li> <li>The new built-in variable max_recursion_depth allows you to prevent Octave from attempting infinite recursion. The default value is 256.</li> <li>Octave now uses readline version 2.1 and kpathsea 3.0.</li> <li>The libreadline and libkpathsea libraries are no longer installed.</li> <li>The libcruft, liboctave, and liboctinterp libraries are now installed in $libdir/octave instead of just $libdir.</li> <li>It's no longer necessary to have libg++, but you do need to have the GNU implementation of libstdc++. If you are using gcc 2.7.2, libstdc++ is distributed as part of libg++ 2.7.2. For later versions, libstdc++ is distributed separately. For egcs, libstdc++ is included with the compiler distribution.</li> </ul> ### Version 2.0.9 - This is a bug-fixing release, but there is one new user-visible feature: <ul> <li>It is now possible to specify a label for lines in the plot key when using the plot function. For example, <pre> plot (x, y, "-*;sin(x);") </pre> plots y vs. x using the linespoints style and sets the title of the line in the key to be `sin(x)'</li> </ul> ### Version 2.0.8 <p>This is a bug-fixing release. There are only a few new user-visible features.</p> <ul> <li>If the argument to eig() is symmetric, Octave uses the specialized Lapack subroutine for symmetric matrices for a significant increase in performance.</li> <li>It is now possible to use the mkoctfile script to create .oct files from multiple source and object files.</li> </ul> ### Version 2.0.7 - This is a bug-fixing release. There are no new user-visible features. ### Version 2.0.6 <p>This is primarily a bug-fixing release. There are only a few new user-visilbe features.</p> <ul> <li>The new built-in variable default_eval_print_flag controls whether Octave prints the results of commands executed by eval() that do not end with semicolons. The default is 1.</li> <li>The new built-in constant OCTAVE_HOME specifies the top-level directory where Octave is installed.</li> <li>Octave no longer includes functions to work with NPSOL or QPSOL, because they are not free software.</li> </ul> ### Version 2.0.5 <ul> <li>A `switch' statement is now available. See the Statements chapter in the manual for details.</li> <li>Commands like ls, save, and cd may now also be used as formal parameters for functions.</li> <li>More tests.</li> </ul> ### Version 2.0.4 <ul> <li>It is now possible to use commands like ls, save, and cd as simple variable names. They still cannot be used as formal parameters for functions, or as the names of structure variables. Failed assignments leave them undefined (you can recover the orginal function definition using clear).</li> <li>Is is now possible to invoke commands like ls, save, and cd as normal functions (for example, load ("foo", "x", "y", "z")).</li> </ul> ### Version 2.0.3 <ul> <li>The manual has been completely revised and now corresponds much more closely to the features of the current version.</li> <li>The return value for assignment expressions is now the RHS since that is more consistent with the way other programming languages work. However, Octave still prints the entire LHS value so that <pre> x = zeros (1, 2); x(2) = 1 </pre> still prints <pre> x = 0 1 </pre> but an assignment like <pre> z = x(2) = 1 </pre> sets z to 1 (not [ 0, 1 ] as in previous versions of Octave).</li> <li>It is now much easier to make binary distributions. See the Binary Distributions section of the manual for more details.</li> </ul> ### Version 2.0.2 <ul> <li>Octave now stops executing commands from a script file if an error is encountered.</li> <li>The return, and break commands now cause Octave to quit executing commands from script files. When used in invalid contexts, the break, continue, and return commands are now simply ignored instead of producing parse errors.</li> <li>size ("") is now [0, 0].</li> <li>New functions: <dl> <dt><b>sleep</b></dt> <dd>pause execution for a specified number of seconds</dd> <dt><b>usleep</b></dt> <dd>pause execution for a specified number of microseconds</dd> </dl></li> </ul> ### Version 2.0.1 - Other than bug fixes, there were no user-visible changes in version 2.0.1. ### Version 2.0 <p><ul> <li>The set and show commands for setting and displaying gnuplot parameters have been replaced by gset and gshow. This change will probably break lots of things, but it is necessary to allow for compatibility with the Matlab graphics and GUI commands in a future version of Octave. (For now, the old set and show commands do work, but they print an annoying warning message to try to get people to switch to using gset.)</li> <li>Octave has been mostly ported to Windows NT and Windows 95 using the beta 17 release of the Cygnus GNU-WIN32 tools. Not everything works, but it is usable. See the file README.WINDOWS for more information.</li> <li>Dynamic linking works on more systems using dlopen() and friends (most modern Unix systems) or shl_load() and friends (HP/UX systems). A simple example is provided in examples/hello.cc. For this feature to work, you must configure Octave with --enable-shared. You may also need to have a shared-library version of libg++ and libstdc++.</li> <li>New data types can be added to Octave by writing a C++ class. On systems that support dynamic linking, new data types can be added to an already running Octave binary. A simple example appears in the file examples/make_int.cc. Other examples are the standard Octave data types defined in the files src/ov*.{h,cc} and src/op-*.cc.</li> <li>The configure option --enable-bounds-check turns on bounds checking on element references for Octave's internal array and matrix classes. It's enabled by default. To disable this feature, configure Octave with --disable-bounds-check.</li> <li>The C-style I/O functions (fopen, fprintf, etc.) have been rewritten to be more compatible with Matlab. The fputs function has also been added. Usage of the *printf functions that was allowed in previous versions of Octave should still work. However, there is no way to make the new versions of the *scanf functions compatible with Matlab *and* previous versions of Octave. An optional argument to the *scanf functions is now available to make them behave in a way that is compatible with previous versions of Octave.</li> <li>Octave can now read files that contain columns of numbers only, with no header information. The name of the loaded variable is constructed from the file name. Each line in the file must have the same number of elements.</li> <li>The interface to the pager has changed. The new built-in variable `page_output_immediately' controls when Octave sends output to the pager. If it is nonzero, Octave sends output to the pager as soon as it is available. Otherwise, Octave buffers its output and waits until just before the prompt is printed to flush it to the pager.</li> <li>Expressions of the form <pre> A(i,j) = x </pre> where X is a scalar and the indices i and j define a matrix of elements now work as you would expect rather than giving an error. I am told that this is how Matlab 5.0 will behave when it is released.</li> <li>Indexing of character strings now works.</li> <li>The echo command has been implemented.</li> <li>The document command is now a regular function.</li> <li>New method for handling errors: <pre> try BODY catch CLEANUP end_try_catch </pre> Where BODY and CLEANUP are both optional and may contain any Octave expressions or commands. The statements in CLEANUP are only executed if an error occurs in BODY. <p> No warnings or error messages are printed while BODY is executing. If an error does occur during the execution of BODY, CLEANUP can access the text of the message that would have been printed in the builtin constant __error_text__. This is the same as eval (TRY, CATCH) (which may now also use __error_text__) but it is more efficient since the commands do not need to be parsed each time the TRY and CATCH statements are evaluated.</li> <li>Octave no longer parses the help command by grabbing everything after the keyword `help' until a newline character is read. To get help for `;' or `,', now, you need to use the command `help semicolon' or `help comma'.</li> <li>Octave's parser now does some simple constant folding. This means that expressions like 3*i are now evaluated only once, when a function is compiled, and the right hand side of expressions like a = [1,2;3,4] are treated as true matrix constants rather than lists of elements which must be evaluated each time they are needed.</li> <li>Built-in variables that can take values of "true" and "false" can now also be set to any nonzero scalar value to indicate "true", and 0 to indicate "false".</li> <li>New built-in variables `history_file', `history_size', and `saving_history'.</li> <li>New built-in variable `string_fill_char' specifies the character to fill with when creating arrays of strings.</li> <li>If the new built-in variable `gnuplot_has_frames' is nonzero, Octave assumes that your copy of gnuplot includes support for multiple plot windows when using X11. If the new built-in variable `gnuplot_has_multiplot' is nonzero, Octave assumes that your copy of gnuplot has the multiplot support that is included in recent 3.6beta releases. The initial values of these variables are determined by configure, but can be changed in your startup script or at the command line in case configure got it wrong, or if you upgrade your gnuplot installation.</li> <li>The new plot function `figure' allows multiple plot windows when using newer versions of gnuplot with X11.</li> <li>Octave now notices when the plotter has exited unexpectedly.</li> <li>New built-in variable `warn_missing_semicolon'. If nonzero, Octave will warn when statements in function definitions don't end in semicolons. The default value is 0.</li> <li>Octave now attempts to continue after floating point exceptions or out-of-memory errors.</li> <li>If Octave crashes, it now attempts to save all user-defined variables in a file named `octave-core' in the current directory before exiting.</li> <li>It is now possible to get the values of individual option settings for the dassl, fsolve, lsode, npsol, qpsol, and quad functions using commands like <pre> dassl_reltol = dassl_options ("relative tolerance"); </pre></li> <li>The svd() function no longer computes the left and right singular matrices unnecessarily. This can significantly improve performance for large matrices if you are just looking for the singular values.</li> <li>The filter() function is now a built-in function.</li> <li>New function randn() returns a pseudo-random number from a normal distribution. The rand() and randn() functions have separate seeds and generators.</li> <li>Octave's command-line arguments are now available in the built-in variable `argv'. The program name is also available in the variables `program_invocation_name' and `program_name'. If executing a script from the command line (e.g., octave foo.m) or using the `#! /bin/octave' hack, the program name is set to the name of the script.</li> <li>New built-in variable `completion_append_char' used as the character to append to successful command-line completion attempts. The default is " " (a single space).</li> <li>Octave now uses a modified copy of the readline library from version 1.14.5 of GNU bash.</li> <li>In prompt strings, `\H' expands to the whole host name.</li> <li>New built-in variable `beep_on_error'. If nonzero, Octave will try to ring your terminal's bell before printing an error message. The default value is 0.</li> <li>For functions defined from files, the type command now prints the text of the file. You can still get the text reconstructed from the parse tree by using the new option -t (-transformed).</li> <li>New command-line argument --traditional sets the following preference variables for compatibility with Matlab: <pre> PS1 = ">> " PS2 = "" beep_on_error = 1 default_save_format = "mat-binary" define_all_return_values = 1 do_fortran_indexing = 1 empty_list_elements_ok = 1 implicit_str_to_num_ok = 1 ok_to_lose_imaginary_part = 1 page_screen_output = 0 prefer_column_vectors = 0 prefer_zero_one_indexing = 1 print_empty_dimensions = 0 treat_neg_dim_as_zero = 1 warn_function_name_clash = 0 whitespace_in_literal_matrix = "traditional" </pre></li> <li>New functions: <dl> <dt><b>readdir</b></dt> <dd>returns names of files in directory as array of strings</dd> <dt><b>mkdir</b></dt> <dd>create a directory</dd> <dt><b>rmdir</b></dt> <dd>remove a directory</dd> <dt><b>rename</b></dt> <dd>rename a file</dd> <dt><b>unlink</b></dt> <dd>delete a file</dd> <dt><b>umask</b></dt> <dd>set permission mask for file creation</dd> <dt><b>stat</b></dt> <dd>get information about a file</dd> <dt><b>lstat</b></dt> <dd>get information about a symbolic link</dd> <dt><b>glob</b></dt> <dd>perform filename globbing</dd> <dt><b>fnmatch</b></dt> <dd>match strings with filename globbing patterns</dd> <dt><b>more</b></dt> <dd>turn the pager on or off</dd> <dt><b>gammaln</b></dt> <dd>alias for lgamma</dd> </dl></li> <li>New audio functions from Andreas Weingessel: <dl> <dt><b>lin2mu</b></dt> <dd>linear to mu-law encoding</dd> <dt><b>loadaudio</b></dt> <dd>load an audio file to a vector</dd> <dt><b>mu2lin</b></dt> <dd>mu-law to linear encoding</dd> <dt><b>playaudio</b></dt> <dd>play an audio file</dd> <dt><b>record</b></dt> <dd>record sound and store in vector</dd> <dt><b>saveaudio</b></dt> <dd>save a vector as an audio file</dd> <dt><b>setaudio</b></dt> <dd>executes mixer shell command</dd> </dl></li> <li>New plotting functions from Vinayak Dutt. Ones dealing with multiple plots on one page require features from gnuplot 3.6beta (or later). <dl> <dt><b>bottom_title</b></dt> <dd>put title at the bottom of the plot</dd> <dt><b>mplot</b></dt> <dd>multiplot version of plot</dd> <dt><b>multiplot</b></dt> <dd>switch multiple-plot mode on or off</dd> <dt><b>oneplot</b></dt> <dd>return to one plot per page</dd> <dt><b>plot_border</b></dt> <dd>put a border around plots</dd> <dt><b>subplot</b></dt> <dd>position multiple plots on a single page</dd> <dt><b>subwindow</b></dt> <dd>set subwindow position for next plot</dd> <dt><b>top_title</b></dt> <dd>put title at the top of the plot</dd> <dt><b>zlabel</b></dt> <dd>put a label on the z-axis</dd> </dl></li> <li>New string functions <dl> <dt><b>bin2dec</b></dt> <dd>convert a string of ones and zeros to an integer</dd> <dt><b>blanks</b></dt> <dd>create a string of blanks</dd> <dt><b>deblank</b></dt> <dd>delete trailing blanks</dd> <dt><b>dec2bin</b></dt> <dd>convert an integer to a string of ones and zeros</dd> <dt><b>dec2hex</b></dt> <dd>convert an integer to a hexadecimal string</dd> <dt><b>findstr</b></dt> <dd>locate occurrences of one string in another</dd> <dt><b>hex2dec</b></dt> <dd>convert a hexadecimal string to an integer</dd> <dt><b>index</b></dt> <dd>return position of first occurrence a string in another</dd> <dt><b>rindex</b></dt> <dd>return position of last occurrence a string in another</dd> <dt><b>split</b></dt> <dd>divide one string into pieces separated by another</dd> <dt><b>str2mat</b></dt> <dd>create a string matrix from a list of strings</dd> <dt><b>strrep</b></dt> <dd>replace substrings in a string</dd> <dt><b>substr</b></dt> <dd>extract a substring</dd> </dl> <p> The following functions return a matrix of ones and zeros. Elements that are nonzero indicate that the condition was true for the corresponding character in the string array. <dl> <dt><b>isalnum</b></dt> <dd>letter or a digit</dd> <dt><b>isalpha</b></dt> <dd>letter</dd> <dt><b>isascii</b></dt> <dd>ascii</dd> <dt><b>iscntrl</b></dt> <dd>control character</dd> <dt><b>isdigit</b></dt> <dd>digit</dd> <dt><b>isgraph</b></dt> <dd>printable (but not space character)</dd> <dt><b>islower</b></dt> <dd>lower case</dd> <dt><b>isprint</b></dt> <dd>printable (including space character)</dd> <dt><b>ispunct</b></dt> <dd>punctuation</dd> <dt><b>isspace</b></dt> <dd>whitespace</dd> <dt><b>isupper</b></dt> <dd>upper case</dd> <dt><b>isxdigit</b></dt> <dd>hexadecimal digit</dd> </dl> <p> These functions return new strings. <dl> <dt><b>tolower</b></dt> <dd>convert to lower case</dd> <dt><b>toupper</b></dt> <dd>convert to upper case</dd> </dl> <li>New function, fgetl. Both fgetl and fgets accept an optional second argument that specifies a maximum number of characters to read, and the function fgets is now compatible with Matlab.</li> <li>Printing in hexadecimal format now works (format hex). It is also possible to print the internal bit representation of a value (format bit). Note that these formats are only implemented for numeric values.</li> <li>Additional structure features: <ul> <li>Name completion now works for structures.</li> <li>Values and names of structure elements are now printed by default. The new built-in variable `struct_levels_to_print' controls the depth of nested structures to print. The default value is 2.</li> <li>New functions: <dl> <dt><b>struct_contains (S, NAME)</b></dt> <dd>returns 1 if S is a structure with element NAME; otherwise returns 0.</dd> <dt><b>struct_elements (S)</b></dt> <dd>returns the names of all elements of structure S in an array of strings.</dd> </dl></li> </ul></li> <li>New io/subprocess functions: <dl> <dt><b>fputs</b></dt> <dd>write a string to a file with no formatting</dd> <dt><b>popen2</b></dt> <dd>start a subprocess with 2-way communication</dd> <dt><b>mkfifo</b></dt> <dd>create a FIFO special file</dd> <dt><b>popen</b></dt> <dd>open a pipe to a subprocess</dd> <dt><b>pclose</b></dt> <dd>close a pipe from a subprocess</dd> <dt><b>waitpid</b></dt> <dd>check the status of or wait for subprocesses</dd> </dl></li> <li>New time functions: <dl> <dt><b>asctime</b></dt> <dd>format time structure according to local format</dd> <dt><b>ctime</b></dt> <dd>equivalent to `asctime (localtime (TMSTRUCT))'</dd> <dt><b>gmtime</b></dt> <dd>return time structure corresponding to UTC</dd> <dt><b>localtime</b></dt> <dd>return time structure corresponding to local time zone</dd> <dt><b>strftime</b></dt> <dd>print given time structure using specified format</dd> <dt><b>time</b></dt> <dd>return current time</dd> </dl> <p> The `clock' and `date' functions are now implemented in M-files using these basic functions.</li> <li>Access to additional Unix system calls: <dl> <dt><b>dup2</b></dt> <dd>duplicate a file descriptor</dd> <dt><b>exec</b></dt> <dd>replace current process with a new process</dd> <dt><b>fcntl</b></dt> <dd>control open file descriptors</dd> <dt><b>fork</b></dt> <dd>create a copy of the current process</dd> <dt><b>getpgrp</b></dt> <dd>return the process group id of the current process</dd> <dt><b>getpid</b></dt> <dd>return the process id of the current process</dd> <dt><b>getppid</b></dt> <dd>return the process id of the parent process</dd> <dt><b>getuid</b></dt> <dd>return the real user id of the current process</dd> <dt><b>getgid</b></dt> <dd>return the real group id of the current process</dd> <dt><b>geteuid</b></dt> <dd>return the effective user id of the current process</dd> <dt><b>getegid</b></dt> <dd>return the effective group id of the current process</dd> <dt><b>pipe</b></dt> <dd>create an interprocess channel</dd> </dl></li> <li>Other new functions: <dl> <dt><b>commutation_matrix</b></dt> <dd>compute special matrix form</dd> <dt><b>duplication_matrix</b></dt> <dd>compute special matrix form</dd> <dt><b>common_size.m</b></dt> <dd>bring arguments to a common size</dd> <dt><b>completion_matches</b></dt> <dd>perform command completion on string</dd> <dt><b>tilde_expand</b></dt> <dd>perform tilde expansion on string</dd> <dt><b>meshgrid</b></dt> <dd>compatible with Matlab's meshgrid function</dd> <dt><b>tmpnam</b></dt> <dd>replaces octave_tmp_file_name</dd> <dt><b>atexit</b></dt> <dd>register functions to be called when Octave exits</dd> <dt><b>putenv</b></dt> <dd>define an environment variable</dd> <dt><b>bincoeff</b></dt> <dd>compute binomial coefficients</dd> <dt><b>nextpow2</b></dt> <dd>compute the next power of 2 greater than a number</dd> <dt><b>detrend</b></dt> <dd>remove a best fit polynomial from data</dd> <dt><b>erfinv</b></dt> <dd>inverse error function</dd> <dt><b>shift</b></dt> <dd>perform a circular shift on the elements of a matrix</dd> <dt><b>pow2</b></dt> <dd>compute 2 .^ x</dd> <dt><b>log2</b></dt> <dd>compute base 2 logarithms</dd> <dt><b>diff</b></dt> <dd>compute differences of matrix elements</dd> <dt><b>vech</b></dt> <dd>stack columns of a matrix below the diagonal</dd> <dt><b>vec</b></dt> <dd>stack columns of a matrix to form a vector</dd> <dt><b>xor</b></dt> <dd>compute exclusive or</dd> </dl></li> <li>Functions for getting info from the password database on Unix systems: <dl> <dt><b>getpwent</b></dt> <dd>read entry from password-file stream, opening if necessary</dd> <dt><b>getpwuid</b></dt> <dd>search for password entry with matching user ID</dd> <dt><b>getpwnam</b></dt> <dd>search for password entry with matching username</dd> <dt><b>setpwent</b></dt> <dd>rewind the password-file stream</dd> <dt><b>endpwent</b></dt> <dd>close the password-file stream</dd> </dl></li> <li>Functions for getting info from the group database on Unix systems: <dl> <dt><b>getgrent</b></dt> <dd>read entry from group-file stream, opening if necessary</dd> <dt><b>getgrgid</b></dt> <dd>search for group entry with matching group ID</dd> <dt><b>getgrnam</b></dt> <dd>search for group entry with matching group name</dd> <dt><b>setgrent</b></dt> <dd>rewind the pgroup-file stream</dd> <dt><b>endgrent</b></dt> <dd>close the group-file stream</dd> </dl></li> <li>The New function octave_config_info returns a structure containing information about how Octave was configured and compiled.</li> <li>New function getrusage returns a structure containing system resource usage statistics. The `cputime' function is now defined in an M-file using getrusage.</li> <li>The info reader is now a separate binary that runs as a subprocess. You still need the info reader distributed with Octave though, because there are some new command-line arguments that are not yet available in the public release of Info.</li> <li>There is a new built-in variable, INFO_PROGRAM, which is used as the name of the info program to run. Its initial value is $OCTAVE_HOME/lib/octave/VERSION/exec/ARCH/info, but that value can be overridden by the environment variable OCTAVE_INFO_PROGRAM, or the command line argument --info-program NAME, or by setting the value of INFO_PROGRAM in a startup script.</li> <li>There is a new built-in variable, EXEC_PATH, which is used as the list of directories to search when executing subprograms. Its initial value is taken from the environment variable OCTAVE_EXEC_PATH (if it exists) or PATH, but that value can be overridden by the the command line argument --exec-path PATH, or by setting the value of EXEC_PATH in a startup script. If the EXEC_PATH begins (ends) with a colon, the directories $OCTAVE_HOME/lib/octave/VERSION/exec/ARCH and $OCTAVE_HOME/bin are prepended (appended) to EXEC_PATH (if you don't specify a value for EXEC_PATH explicitly, these special directories are prepended to your PATH).</li> <li>If it is present, Octave will now use an `ls-R' database file to speed up recursive path searching. Octave looks for a file called ls-R in the directory specified by the environment variable OCTAVE_DB_DIR. If that is not set but the environment variable OCTAVE_HOME is set, Octave looks in $OCTAVE_HOME/lib/octave. Otherwise, Octave looks in the directory $datadir/octave (normally /usr/local/lib/octave).</li> <li>New examples directory.</li> <li>There is a new script, mkoctfile, that can be used to create .oct files suitable for dynamic linking.</li> <li>Many more bug fixes.</li> <li>ChangeLogs are now kept in each subdirectory.</li> </ul>