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1 @c Copyright (C) 1996, 1997 John W. Eaton |
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2 @c This is part of the Octave manual. |
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3 @c For copying conditions, see the file gpl.texi. |
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4 |
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5 @cindex warranty |
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6 @cindex copyright |
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7 @node Copying, Introduction, Acknowledgements, Top |
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8 @unnumbered GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE |
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9 @center Version 2, June 1991 |
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10 |
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11 @display |
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12 Copyright @copyright{} 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
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13 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA |
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14 |
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15 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies |
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16 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. |
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17 @end display |
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18 |
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19 @unnumberedsec Preamble |
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20 |
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21 The licenses for most software are designed to take away your |
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22 freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public |
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23 License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free |
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24 software---to make sure the software is free for all its users. This |
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25 General Public License applies to most of the Free Software |
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26 Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to |
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27 using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by |
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28 the GNU Lesser General Public License instead.) You can apply it to |
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29 your programs, too. |
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30 |
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31 When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not |
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32 price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you |
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33 have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for |
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34 this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it |
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35 if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it |
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36 in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things. |
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37 |
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38 To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid |
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39 anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. |
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40 These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you |
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41 distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it. |
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42 |
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43 For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether |
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44 gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that |
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45 you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the |
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46 source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their |
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47 rights. |
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48 |
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49 We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and |
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50 (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, |
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51 distribute and/or modify the software. |
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52 |
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53 Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain |
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54 that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free |
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55 software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we |
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56 want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so |
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57 that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original |
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58 authors' reputations. |
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59 |
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60 Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software |
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61 patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free |
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62 program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the |
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63 program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any |
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64 patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all. |
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65 |
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66 The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and |
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67 modification follow. |
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68 |
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69 @iftex |
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70 @unnumberedsec TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION |
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71 @end iftex |
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72 @ifinfo |
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73 @center TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION |
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74 @end ifinfo |
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75 |
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76 @enumerate 0 |
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77 @item |
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78 This License applies to any program or other work which contains |
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79 a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed |
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80 under the terms of this General Public License. The ``Program'', below, |
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81 refers to any such program or work, and a ``work based on the Program'' |
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82 means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: |
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83 that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, |
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84 either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another |
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85 language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in |
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86 the term ``modification''.) Each licensee is addressed as ``you''. |
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87 |
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88 Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not |
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89 covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of |
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90 running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program |
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91 is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the |
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92 Program (independent of having been made by running the Program). |
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93 Whether that is true depends on what the Program does. |
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94 |
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95 @item |
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96 You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's |
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97 source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you |
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98 conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate |
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99 copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the |
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100 notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; |
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101 and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License |
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102 along with the Program. |
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103 |
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104 You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and |
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105 you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee. |
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106 |
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107 @item |
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108 You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion |
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109 of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and |
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110 distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 |
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111 above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions: |
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112 |
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113 @enumerate a |
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114 @item |
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115 You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices |
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116 stating that you changed the files and the date of any change. |
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117 |
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118 @item |
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119 You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in |
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120 whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any |
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121 part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third |
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122 parties under the terms of this License. |
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123 |
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124 @item |
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125 If the modified program normally reads commands interactively |
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126 when run, you must cause it, when started running for such |
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127 interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an |
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128 announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a |
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129 notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide |
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130 a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under |
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131 these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this |
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132 License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but |
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133 does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on |
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134 the Program is not required to print an announcement.) |
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135 @end enumerate |
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136 |
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137 These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If |
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138 identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program, |
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139 and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in |
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140 themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those |
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141 sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you |
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142 distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based |
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143 on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of |
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144 this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the |
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145 entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it. |
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146 |
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147 Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest |
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148 your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to |
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149 exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or |
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150 collective works based on the Program. |
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151 |
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152 In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program |
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153 with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of |
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154 a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under |
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155 the scope of this License. |
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156 |
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157 @item |
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158 You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, |
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159 under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of |
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160 Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following: |
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161 |
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162 @enumerate a |
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163 @item |
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164 Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable |
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165 source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections |
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166 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or, |
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167 |
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168 @item |
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169 Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three |
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170 years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your |
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171 cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete |
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172 machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be |
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173 distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium |
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174 customarily used for software interchange; or, |
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175 |
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176 @item |
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177 Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer |
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178 to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is |
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179 allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you |
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180 received the program in object code or executable form with such |
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181 an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.) |
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182 @end enumerate |
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183 |
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184 The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for |
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185 making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source |
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186 code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any |
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187 associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to |
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188 control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a |
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189 special exception, the source code distributed need not include |
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190 anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary |
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191 form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the |
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192 operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component |
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193 itself accompanies the executable. |
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194 |
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195 If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering |
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196 access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent |
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197 access to copy the source code from the same place counts as |
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198 distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not |
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199 compelled to copy the source along with the object code. |
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200 |
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201 @item |
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202 You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program |
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203 except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt |
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204 otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is |
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205 void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. |
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206 However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under |
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207 this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such |
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208 parties remain in full compliance. |
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209 |
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210 @item |
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211 You are not required to accept this License, since you have not |
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212 signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or |
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213 distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are |
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214 prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by |
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215 modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the |
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216 Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and |
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217 all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying |
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218 the Program or works based on it. |
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219 |
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220 @item |
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221 Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the |
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222 Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the |
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223 original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to |
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224 these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further |
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225 restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. |
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226 You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to |
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227 this License. |
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228 |
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229 @item |
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230 If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent |
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231 infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), |
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232 conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or |
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233 otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not |
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234 excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot |
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235 distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this |
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236 License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you |
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237 may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent |
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238 license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by |
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239 all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then |
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240 the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to |
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241 refrain entirely from distribution of the Program. |
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242 |
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243 If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under |
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244 any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to |
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245 apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other |
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246 circumstances. |
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247 |
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248 It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any |
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249 patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any |
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250 such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the |
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251 integrity of the free software distribution system, which is |
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252 implemented by public license practices. Many people have made |
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253 generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed |
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254 through that system in reliance on consistent application of that |
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255 system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing |
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256 to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot |
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257 impose that choice. |
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258 |
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259 This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to |
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260 be a consequence of the rest of this License. |
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261 |
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262 @item |
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263 If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in |
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264 certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the |
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265 original copyright holder who places the Program under this License |
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266 may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding |
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267 those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among |
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268 countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates |
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269 the limitation as if written in the body of this License. |
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270 |
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271 @item |
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272 The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions |
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273 of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will |
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274 be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to |
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275 address new problems or concerns. |
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276 |
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277 Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program |
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278 specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and ``any |
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279 later version'', you have the option of following the terms and conditions |
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280 either of that version or of any later version published by the Free |
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281 Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of |
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282 this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software |
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283 Foundation. |
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284 |
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285 @item |
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286 If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free |
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287 programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author |
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288 to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free |
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289 Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes |
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290 make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals |
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291 of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and |
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292 of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally. |
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293 |
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294 @iftex |
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295 @heading NO WARRANTY |
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296 @end iftex |
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297 @ifinfo |
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298 @center NO WARRANTY |
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299 @end ifinfo |
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300 |
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301 @item |
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302 BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY |
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303 FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN |
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304 OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES |
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305 PROVIDE THE PROGRAM ``AS IS'' WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED |
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306 OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF |
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307 MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS |
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308 TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE |
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309 PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, |
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310 REPAIR OR CORRECTION. |
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311 |
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312 @item |
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313 IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING |
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314 WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR |
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315 REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, |
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316 INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING |
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317 OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED |
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318 TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY |
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319 YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER |
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320 PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE |
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321 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. |
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322 @end enumerate |
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323 |
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324 @iftex |
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325 @heading END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS |
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326 @end iftex |
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327 @ifinfo |
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328 @center END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS |
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329 @end ifinfo |
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330 |
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331 @page |
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332 @unnumberedsec Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs |
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333 |
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334 If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest |
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335 possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it |
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336 free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. |
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337 |
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338 To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest |
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339 to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively |
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340 convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least |
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341 the ``copyright'' line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. |
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342 |
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343 @smallexample |
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344 @var{one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.} |
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345 Copyright (C) @var{yyyy} @var{name of author} |
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346 |
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347 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify |
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348 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by |
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349 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or |
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350 (at your option) any later version. |
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351 |
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352 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, |
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353 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of |
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354 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the |
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355 GNU General Public License for more details. |
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356 |
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357 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License |
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358 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software |
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359 Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA. |
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360 @end smallexample |
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361 |
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362 Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. |
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363 |
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364 If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this |
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365 when it starts in an interactive mode: |
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366 |
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367 @smallexample |
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368 Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19@var{yy} @var{name of author} |
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369 Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. |
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370 This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it |
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371 under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. |
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372 @end smallexample |
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373 |
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374 The hypothetical commands @samp{show w} and @samp{show c} should show |
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375 the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the |
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376 commands you use may be called something other than @samp{show w} and |
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377 @samp{show c}; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items---whatever |
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378 suits your program. |
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379 |
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380 You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your |
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381 school, if any, to sign a ``copyright disclaimer'' for the program, if |
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382 necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: |
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383 |
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384 @example |
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385 Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program |
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386 `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker. |
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387 |
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388 @var{signature of Ty Coon}, 1 April 1989 |
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389 Ty Coon, President of Vice |
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390 @end example |
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391 |
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392 This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into |
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393 proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may |
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394 consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the |
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395 library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General |
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396 Public License instead of this License. |
