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1 ## Copyright (C) 1996 Auburn University. All rights reserved. |
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2 ## |
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3 ## This file is part of Octave. |
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4 ## |
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5 ## Octave is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it |
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6 ## under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by |
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7 ## the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at |
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8 ## your option) any later version. |
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9 ## |
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10 ## Octave is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but |
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11 ## WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of |
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12 ## MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU |
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13 ## General Public License for more details. |
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14 ## |
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15 ## You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License |
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16 ## along with Octave; see the file COPYING. If not, see |
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17 ## <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. |
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18 |
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19 ## -*- texinfo -*- |
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20 ## @deftypefn {Function File} {} analdemo () |
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21 ## Octave Controls toolbox demo: State Space analysis demo |
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22 ## @end deftypefn |
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23 |
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24 ## Author: David Clem |
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25 ## Created: August 15, 1994 |
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26 ## Updated by John Ingram December 1996 |
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27 |
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28 function analdemo () |
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29 |
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30 while (1) |
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31 clc |
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32 k=0; |
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33 while(k > 8 || k < 1) |
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34 k = menu("Octave State Space Analysis Demo", ... |
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35 "System gramians (gram, dgram)", ... |
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36 "System zeros (tzero)", ... |
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37 "Continuous => Discrete and Discrete => Continuous conversions (c2d,d2c)", ... |
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38 "Algebraic Riccati Equation (are, dare)", ... |
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39 "Balanced realizations (balreal, dbalreal)", ... |
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40 "Open loop truncations via Hankel singular values (balreal, dbalreal)", ... |
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41 "SISO pole placement", ... |
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42 "Return to main demo menu"); |
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43 endwhile |
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44 if (k == 1) |
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45 clc |
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46 help dgram |
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47 prompt |
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48 |
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49 clc |
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50 disp("System Gramians: (see Moore, IEEE T-AC, 1981) \n"); |
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51 disp("Example #1, consider the discrete time state space system:\n"); |
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52 a=[1, 5, -8.4; 1.2, -3, 5; 1, 7, 9] |
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53 b=[1, 5; 2, 6; -4.4, 5] |
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54 c=[1, -1.5, 2; 6, -9.8, 1] |
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55 d=0 |
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56 prompt |
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57 disp("\nThe discrete controllability gramian is computed as follows:"); |
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58 cmd = "gramian = dgram(a, b);"; |
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59 run_cmd; |
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60 disp("Results:\n"); |
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61 gramian = dgram(a,b) |
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62 disp("Variable Description:\n"); |
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63 disp("gramian => discrete controllability gramian"); |
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64 disp("a, b => a and b matrices of discrete time system\n"); |
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65 disp("A dual approach may be used to compute the observability gramian."); |
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66 prompt |
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67 clc |
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68 |
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69 help gram |
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70 prompt |
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71 clc |
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72 |
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73 disp("Example #2, consider the continuous state space system:\n"); |
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74 a=[1, 3, -10.2; 3.7, -2, 9; 1, 3, 7] |
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75 b=[1, 12; 6, 2; -3.8, 7] |
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76 c=[1, -1.1, 7; 3, -9.8, 2] |
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77 d=0 |
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78 prompt |
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79 disp("\nThe continuous controllability gramian is computed as follows:"); |
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80 cmd = "gramian = gram(a, b);"; |
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81 run_cmd; |
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82 disp("Results:\n"); |
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83 gramian = gram(a,b) |
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84 disp("Variable Description:\n"); |
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85 disp("gramian => continuous controllability gramian"); |
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86 disp("a, b => a and b matrices of continuous time system\n"); |
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87 disp("A dual approach may be used to compute the observability gramian."); |
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88 prompt |
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89 clc |
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90 |
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91 |
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92 elseif (k == 2) |
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93 clc |
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94 help tzero |
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95 prompt |
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96 |
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97 disp("System zeros (tzero) example\n"); |
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98 disp("Example #1, consider the state space system:\n"); |
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99 a=[0, 1, 0; -10, -2, 0; -10, 0, -8] |
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100 b=[0; 1; 9] |
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101 c=[-10, 0, -4] |
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102 d=1 |
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103 prompt |
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104 disp("\nTo compute the zeros of this system, enter the following command:\n"); |
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105 cmd = "zer = tzero(a,b,c,d);"; |
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106 run_cmd; |
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107 disp("Results:\n"); |
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108 zer = tzero(a,b,c,d) |
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109 disp("Variable Description:\n"); |
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110 disp("zer => zeros of state space system"); |
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111 disp("a, b, c, d => state space system used as input argument"); |
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112 prompt |
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113 clc |
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114 |
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115 disp("Example #2, consider the state space system from example 1 again:"); |
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116 cmd = "sys = ss(a,b,c,d);"; |
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117 disp(cmd); |
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118 eval(cmd); |
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119 sysout(sys); |
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120 disp("\nThe zeros of this system can also be calculated directly from the"); |
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121 disp("system variable:"); |
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122 cmd = "zer = tzero(sys);"; |
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123 run_cmd; |
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124 disp("Results:\n") |
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125 zer = tzero(sys) |
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126 disp("Variable Description:\n"); |
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127 disp("zer => zeros of state space system"); |
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128 disp("sys => state space system used as input argument"); |
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129 prompt |
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130 clc |
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131 |
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132 elseif (k == 3) |
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133 clc |
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134 help c2d |
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135 prompt |
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136 |
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137 clc |
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138 disp("Continuous => Discrete and Discrete => Continuous conversions (c2d,d2c)"); |
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139 disp("\nExample #1, consider the following continuous state space system"); |
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140 cmd = "sys_cont = ss([-11, 6; -15, 8], [1; 2], [2, -1], 0);"; |
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141 eval(cmd); |
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142 disp(cmd); |
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143 disp("Examine the poles and zeros of the continuous system:"); |
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144 sysout(sys_cont,"all"); |
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145 disp("\nTo convert this to a discrete system, a sampling time is needed:"); |
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146 cmd = "Tsam = 0.5;"; |
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147 run_cmd; |
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148 disp("\nNow convert to a discrete system with the command:"); |
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149 cmd = "sys_disc = c2d(sys_cont,Tsam);"; |
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150 run_cmd; |
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151 disp("Examine the poles and zeros of the discrete system:"); |
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152 sysout(sys_disc,"all"); |
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153 prompt |
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154 clc |
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155 |
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156 disp("\nNow we will convert the discrete system back to a continuous system"); |
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157 disp("using the d2c command:"); |
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158 help d2c |
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159 prompt |
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160 cmd = "new_sys_cont = d2c(sys_disc);"; |
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161 run_cmd; |
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162 disp("\nExamine the poles and zeros of the discrete system:"); |
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163 sysout(new_sys_cont,"all"); |
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164 prompt |
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165 |
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166 elseif (k == 4) |
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167 clc |
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168 help are |
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169 prompt |
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170 clc |
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171 |
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172 disp("Algebraic Riccati Equation (are, dare)"); |
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173 |
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174 disp("\nExample #1, consider the continuous state space system:\n"); |
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175 a=[1, 3, -10.2; 3.7, -2, 9; 1, 3, 7] |
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176 b=[1, 12; 6, 2; -3.8, 7] |
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177 c=[1, -1.1, 7; 3, -9.8, 2] |
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178 d=0 |
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179 prompt |
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180 disp("\nThe solution to the continuous algebraic riccati equation"); |
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181 disp("is computed as follows:"); |
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182 cmd = "x_cont = are(a, b, c);"; |
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183 run_cmd; |
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184 disp("Results:\n") |
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185 x_cont = are(a,b,c) |
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186 disp("Variable Description:\n") |
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187 disp("x_cont => solution to the continuous algebraic riccati equation"); |
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188 disp("a, b, c => a, b, and c matrices of continuous time system\n"); |
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189 prompt |
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190 |
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191 clc |
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192 help dare |
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193 prompt |
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194 clc |
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195 |
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196 disp("Example #2, consider the discrete time state space system:\n"); |
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197 a=[1, 5, -8.4; 1.2, -3, 5; 1, 7, 9] |
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198 b=[1, 5; 2, 6; -4.4, 5] |
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199 c=[1, -1.5, 2; 6, -9.8, 1] |
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200 d=0 |
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201 r=eye(columns(b)) |
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202 prompt |
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203 disp("\nThe solution to the continuous algebraic riccati equation"); |
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204 disp("is computed as follows:"); |
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205 cmd = "x_disc = dare(a, b, c, r);"; |
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206 run_cmd; |
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207 disp("Results:\n") |
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208 x_disc = dare(a,b,c,r) |
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209 disp("Variable Description:\n"); |
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210 disp("x_disc => solution to the discrete algebraic riccati equation"); |
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211 disp("a, b, c => a, b and c matrices of discrete time system\n"); |
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212 prompt |
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213 clc |
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214 |
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215 elseif (k == 5) |
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216 disp("--- Balanced realization: not yet implemented") |
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217 elseif (k == 6) |
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218 disp("--- Open loop balanced truncation: not yet implemented") |
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219 elseif (k == 7) |
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220 disp("SISO pole placement example:") |
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221 cmd = "sys=tf(1, [1, -2, 1]);"; |
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222 run_cmd |
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223 disp("System in zero-pole form is:") |
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224 cmd = "sysout(sys,\"zp\");"; |
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225 run_cmd |
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226 disp("and in state space form:") |
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227 cmd = "sysout(sys,\"ss\");"; |
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228 run_cmd |
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229 disp("Desired poles at -1, -1"); |
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230 cmd = "K=place(sys, [-1, -1])"; |
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231 run_cmd |
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232 disp("Check results:") |
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233 cmd = "[A,B] = sys2ss(sys);"; |
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234 run_cmd |
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235 cmd = "poles=eig(A-B*K)"; |
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236 run_cmd |
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237 prompt |
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238 elseif (k == 8) |
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239 return |
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240 endif |
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241 endwhile |
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242 endfunction |
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243 |
