Mercurial > octave-nkf
annotate doc/interpreter/package.txi @ 14038:b0cdd60db5e5 stable
doc: Grammarcheck documentation ahead of 3.6.0 release.
* basics.txi, container.txi, contrib.txi, debug.txi, expr.txi, func.txi,
install.txi, io.txi, package.txi, polyarea.m, ezcontour.m, ezcontourf.m,
ezmesh.m, ezmeshc.m, ezplot.m, ezplot3.m, ezpolar.m, ezsurf.m, ezsurfc.m,
assert.m, amd.cc, chol.cc, colamd.cc, rand.cc: Grammarcheck documentation.
| author | Rik <octave@nomad.inbox5.com> |
|---|---|
| date | Mon, 12 Dec 2011 21:01:27 -0800 |
| parents | a03e96aa4977 |
| children | 72c96de7a403 |
| rev | line source |
|---|---|
| 11523 | 1 @c Copyright (C) 2007-2011 S�ren Hauberg |
| 7018 | 2 @c |
| 3 @c This file is part of Octave. | |
| 4 @c | |
| 5 @c Octave is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it | |
| 6 @c under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the | |
| 7 @c Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at | |
| 8 @c your option) any later version. | |
| 9 @c | |
| 10 @c Octave is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT | |
| 11 @c ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or | |
| 12 @c FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License | |
| 13 @c for more details. | |
| 14 @c | |
| 15 @c You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License | |
| 16 @c along with Octave; see the file COPYING. If not, see | |
| 17 @c <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. | |
| 6537 | 18 |
| 19 @node Packages | |
| 20 @chapter Packages | |
| 21 | |
| 22 Since Octave is Free Software users are encouraged to share their | |
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23 programs amongst each other. To aid this sharing Octave supports the |
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24 installation of extra packages. The `Octave-Forge' project is a |
| 6537 | 25 community-maintained set of packages that can be downloaded and |
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26 installed in Octave. At the time of writing the `Octave-Forge' project |
| 6537 | 27 can be found on-line at @uref{http://octave.sourceforge.net}, but |
| 28 since the Internet is an ever-changing place this may not be true at | |
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29 the time of reading. Therefore it is recommended to see the Octave |
| 6537 | 30 website for an updated reference. |
| 31 | |
| 32 @menu | |
| 33 * Installing and Removing Packages:: | |
| 34 * Using Packages:: | |
| 35 * Administrating Packages:: | |
| 36 * Creating Packages:: | |
| 37 @end menu | |
| 38 | |
| 6538 | 39 @findex pkg |
| 6537 | 40 @node Installing and Removing Packages |
| 41 @section Installing and Removing Packages | |
| 42 | |
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43 Assuming a package is available in the file @file{image-1.0.0.tar.gz} |
| 8828 | 44 it can be installed from the Octave prompt with the command |
| 6537 | 45 |
| 46 @example | |
| 47 pkg install image-1.0.0.tar.gz | |
| 48 @end example | |
| 49 | |
| 50 @noindent | |
| 51 If the package is installed successfully nothing will be printed on | |
| 52 the prompt, but if an error occurred during installation it will be | |
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53 reported. It is possible to install several packages at once by |
| 6537 | 54 writing several package files after the @code{pkg install} command. |
| 55 If a different version of the package is already installed it will | |
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56 be removed prior to installing the new package. This makes it easy to |
| 6537 | 57 upgrade and downgrade the version of a package, but makes it |
| 58 impossible to have several versions of the same package installed at | |
| 59 once. | |
| 60 | |
| 61 To see which packages are installed type | |
| 62 | |
| 63 @example | |
| 64 @group | |
| 65 pkg list | |
| 7031 | 66 @print{} Package Name | Version | Installation directory |
| 67 @print{} --------------+---------+----------------------- | |
| 68 @print{} image *| 1.0.0 | /home/jwe/octave/image-1.0.0 | |
| 6537 | 69 @end group |
| 70 @end example | |
| 71 | |
| 72 @noindent | |
| 73 In this case only version 1.0.0 of the @code{image} package is | |
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74 installed. The '*' character next to the package name shows that the |
| 6616 | 75 image package is loaded and ready for use. |
| 6537 | 76 |
| 77 It is possible to remove a package from the system using the | |
| 78 @code{pkg uninstall} command like this | |
| 79 | |
| 80 @example | |
| 81 pkg uninstall image | |
| 82 @end example | |
| 83 | |
| 84 @noindent | |
| 85 If the package is removed successfully nothing will be printed in the | |
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86 prompt, but if an error occurred it will be reported. It should be |
| 6537 | 87 noted that the package file used for installation is not needed for |
| 88 removal, and that only the package name as reported by @code{pkg list} | |
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89 should be used when removing a package. It is possible to remove |
| 6537 | 90 several packages at once by writing several package names after the |
| 91 @code{pkg uninstall} command. | |
| 92 | |
| 93 To minimize the amount of code duplication between packages it is | |
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94 possible that one package depends on another one. If a package |
| 6537 | 95 depends on another, it will check if that package is installed |
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96 during installation. If it is not, an error will be reported and |
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97 the package will not be installed. This behavior can be disabled |
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98 by passing the @option{-nodeps} flag to the @code{pkg install} |
| 6537 | 99 command |
| 100 | |
| 101 @example | |
| 102 pkg install -nodeps my_package_with_dependencies.tar.gz | |
| 103 @end example | |
| 104 | |
| 105 @noindent | |
| 106 Since the installed package expects its dependencies to be installed | |
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107 it may not function correctly. Because of this it is not recommended |
| 6537 | 108 to disable dependency checking. |
| 109 | |
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110 @DOCSTRING(pkg) |
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111 |
| 6537 | 112 @node Using Packages |
| 113 @section Using Packages | |
| 114 | |
| 115 By default installed packages are available from the Octave prompt, | |
| 116 but it is possible to control this using the @code{pkg load} and | |
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117 @code{pkg unload} commands. The functions from a package can be |
| 6537 | 118 removed from the Octave path by typing |
| 119 | |
| 120 @example | |
| 121 pkg unload package_name | |
| 122 @end example | |
| 123 | |
| 124 @noindent | |
| 125 where @code{package_name} is the name of the package to be removed | |
| 126 from the path. | |
| 127 | |
| 128 In much the same way a package can be added to the Octave path by | |
| 129 typing | |
| 130 | |
| 131 @example | |
| 132 pkg load package_name | |
| 133 @end example | |
| 134 | |
| 135 @node Administrating Packages | |
| 136 @section Administrating Packages | |
| 137 | |
| 138 On UNIX-like systems it is possible to make both per-user and | |
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139 system-wide installations of a package. If the user performing the |
| 6537 | 140 installation is @code{root} the packages will be installed in a |
| 141 system-wide directory that defaults to | |
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142 @file{OCTAVE_HOME/share/octave/packages/}. If the user is not |
| 6537 | 143 @code{root} the default installation directory is |
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144 @file{~/octave/}. Packages will be installed in a subdirectory of the |
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145 installation directory that will be named after the package. It is |
| 6537 | 146 possible to change the installation directory by using the |
| 147 @code{pkg prefix} command | |
| 148 | |
| 149 @example | |
| 150 pkg prefix new_installation_directory | |
| 151 @end example | |
| 152 | |
| 153 @noindent | |
| 154 The current installation directory can be retrieved by typing | |
| 155 | |
| 156 @example | |
| 157 current_installation_directory = pkg prefix | |
| 158 @end example | |
| 159 | |
| 160 To function properly the package manager needs to keep some | |
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161 information about the installed packages. For per-user packages this |
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162 information is by default stored in the file @file{~/.octave_packages} |
| 6537 | 163 and for system-wide installations it is stored in |
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164 @file{OCTAVE_HOME/share/octave/octave_packages}. The path to the |
| 6537 | 165 per-user file can be changed with the @code{pkg local_list} command |
| 166 | |
| 167 @example | |
| 168 pkg local_list /path/to/new_file | |
| 169 @end example | |
| 170 | |
| 171 @noindent | |
| 172 For system-wide installations this can be changed in the same way | |
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173 using the @code{pkg global_list} command. If these commands are |
| 6537 | 174 called without a new path, the current path will be returned. |
| 175 | |
| 176 @node Creating Packages | |
| 177 @section Creating Packages | |
| 178 | |
| 179 Internally a package is simply a gzipped tar file that contains a | |
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180 top level directory of any given name. This directory will in the |
| 6537 | 181 following be referred to as @code{package} and may contain the |
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182 following files: |
| 6537 | 183 |
| 184 @noindent | |
| 185 @table @code | |
| 186 @item package/COPYING | |
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187 This is a required file containing the license of the package. No |
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188 restrictions is made on the license in general. If however the |
| 6537 | 189 package contains dynamically linked functions the license must be |
| 190 compatible with the GNU General Public License. | |
| 191 | |
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192 @item package/DESCRIPTION |
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193 This is a required file containing information about the package. |
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194 @xref{The DESCRIPTION File}, for details on this file. |
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195 |
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196 @item package/ChangeLog |
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197 This is an optional file describing all the changes made to the |
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198 package source files. |
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199 |
| 6537 | 200 @item package/INDEX |
| 201 This is an optional file describing the functions provided by the | |
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202 package. If this file is not given then one with be created |
| 6537 | 203 automatically from the functions in the package and the |
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204 @code{Categories} keyword in the @file{DESCRIPTION} file. |
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205 @xref{The INDEX File}, for details on this file. |
| 6537 | 206 |
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207 @item package/NEWS |
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208 This is an optional file describing all user-visible changes worth |
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209 mentioning. As this file increases on size, old entries can be moved |
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210 into @file{package/ONEWS}. |
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211 |
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212 @item package/ONEWS |
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213 This is an optional file describing old entries from the @file{NEWS} file. |
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214 |
| 8297 | 215 @anchor{doc-PKG_ADD} |
| 6537 | 216 @item package/PKG_ADD |
| 217 An optional file that includes commands that are run when the package | |
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218 is added to the users path. Note that @w{@code{PKG_ADD}} directives in the |
| 6537 | 219 source code of the package will also be added to this file by the |
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220 Octave package manager. Note that symbolic links are to be avoided in |
| 6537 | 221 packages, as symbolic links do not exist on some file systems, and so |
| 222 a typical use for this file is the replacement of the symbolic link | |
| 223 | |
| 224 @example | |
| 225 ln -s foo.oct bar.oct | |
| 226 @end example | |
| 227 | |
| 228 @noindent | |
| 229 with an autoload directive like | |
| 230 | |
| 231 @example | |
| 232 autoload ('bar', which ('foo')); | |
| 233 @end example | |
| 234 | |
| 235 @noindent | |
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236 @xref{PKG_ADD and PKG_DEL Directives}, for details on @w{@code{PKG_ADD}} |
| 6537 | 237 directives. |
| 238 | |
| 239 @item package/PKG_DEL | |
| 240 An optional file that includes commands that are run when the package | |
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241 is removed from the users path. Note that @w{@code{PKG_DEL}} directives in |
| 6537 | 242 the source code of the package will also be added to this file by the |
| 243 Octave package manager. | |
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244 @xref{PKG_ADD and PKG_DEL Directives}, for details on @w{@code{PKG_DEL}} |
| 6537 | 245 directives. |
| 246 | |
| 247 @item package/pre_install.m | |
| 248 This is an optional script that is run prior to the installation of a | |
| 249 package. | |
| 250 | |
| 251 @item package/post_install.m | |
| 252 This is an optional script that is run after the installation of a | |
| 253 package. | |
| 254 | |
| 255 @item package/on_uninstall.m | |
| 256 This is an optional script that is run prior to the removal of a | |
| 257 package. | |
| 258 @end table | |
| 259 | |
| 260 Besides the above mentioned files, a package can also contain on or | |
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261 more of the following directories: |
| 6537 | 262 |
| 263 @noindent | |
| 264 @table @code | |
| 265 @item package/inst | |
| 266 An optional directory containing any files that are directly installed | |
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267 by the package. Typically this will include any @code{m}-files. |
| 6537 | 268 |
| 269 @item package/src | |
| 270 An optional directory containing code that must be built prior to the | |
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271 packages installation. The Octave package manager will execute |
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272 @file{./configure} in this directory if this script exists, and will |
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273 then call @code{make} if a file @file{Makefile} exists in this |
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274 directory. @code{make install} will however not be called. The |
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275 environment variables @env{MKOCTFILE}, @w{@env{OCTAVE_CONFIG}}, and |
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276 @env{OCTAVE} will be set to the full paths of the programs |
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277 @code{mkoctfile}, @code{octave-config}, and @code{octave}, respectively, |
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278 of the correct version when @code{configure} and @code{make} are |
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279 called. If a file called @code{FILES} exists all files listed there |
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280 will be copied to the @code{inst} directory, so they also will be |
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281 installed. If the @code{FILES} file doesn't exist, @file{src/*.m} and |
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282 @file{src/*.oct} will be copied to the @code{inst} directory. |
| 6537 | 283 |
| 284 @item package/doc | |
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285 An optional directory containing documentation for the package. The |
| 6537 | 286 files in this directory will be directly installed in a sub-directory |
| 287 of the installed package for future reference. | |
| 288 | |
| 289 @item package/bin | |
| 290 An optional directory containing files that will be added to the | |
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291 Octave @w{@env{EXEC_PATH}} when the package is loaded. This might contain |
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292 external scripts, etc., called by functions within the package. |
| 6537 | 293 @end table |
| 294 | |
| 295 @menu | |
| 296 * The DESCRIPTION File:: | |
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297 * The INDEX File:: |
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298 * PKG_ADD and PKG_DEL Directives:: |
| 6537 | 299 @end menu |
| 300 | |
| 301 @node The DESCRIPTION File | |
| 302 @subsection The DESCRIPTION File | |
| 303 | |
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304 The @file{DESCRIPTION} file contains various information about the |
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305 package, such as its name, author, and version. This file has a very |
| 6537 | 306 simple format |
| 307 | |
| 308 @noindent | |
| 309 @itemize | |
| 310 @item | |
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311 Lines starting with @samp{#} are comments. |
| 6537 | 312 |
| 313 @item | |
| 314 Lines starting with a blank character are continuations from the | |
| 315 previous line. | |
| 316 | |
| 317 @item | |
| 318 Everything else is of the form @code{NameOfOption: ValueOfOption}. | |
| 319 @end itemize | |
| 320 | |
| 321 @noindent | |
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322 The following is a simple example of a @file{DESCRIPTION} file |
| 6537 | 323 |
| 324 @example | |
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325 @group |
| 6537 | 326 Name: The name of my package |
| 327 Version: 1.0.0 | |
| 328 Date: 2007-18-04 | |
| 329 Author: The name (and possibly email) of the package author. | |
| 7031 | 330 Maintainer: The name (and possibly email) of the current |
| 331 package maintainer. | |
| 6537 | 332 Title: The title of the package |
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333 Description: A short description of the package. If this |
| 7031 | 334 description gets too long for one line it can continue |
| 335 on the next by adding a space to the beginning of the | |
| 336 following lines. | |
| 7016 | 337 License: GPL version 3 or later |
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338 @end group |
| 6537 | 339 @end example |
| 340 | |
| 341 The package manager currently recognizes the following keywords | |
| 342 | |
| 343 @noindent | |
| 344 @table @code | |
| 345 @item Name | |
| 346 Name of the package. | |
| 347 | |
| 348 @item Version | |
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349 Version of the package. A package version must be 3 numbers separated |
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350 by a dot. |
| 6537 | 351 |
| 352 @item Date | |
| 353 Date of last update. | |
| 354 | |
| 355 @item Author | |
| 356 Original author of the package. | |
| 357 | |
| 358 @item Maintainer | |
| 359 Maintainer of the package. | |
| 360 | |
| 361 @item Title | |
| 362 A one line description of the package. | |
| 363 | |
| 364 @item Description | |
| 365 A one paragraph description of the package. | |
| 366 | |
| 367 @item Categories | |
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368 Optional keyword describing the package (if no @file{INDEX} file is |
| 6537 | 369 given this is mandatory). |
| 370 | |
| 371 @item Problems | |
| 372 Optional list of known problems. | |
| 373 | |
| 374 @item Url | |
| 375 Optional list of homepages related to the package. | |
| 376 | |
| 377 @item Autoload | |
| 378 Optional field that sets the default loading behavior for the package. | |
| 379 If set to @code{yes}, @code{true} or @code{on}, then Octave will | |
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380 automatically load the package when starting. Otherwise the package |
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381 must be manually loaded with the pkg load command. This default |
| 6537 | 382 behavior can be overridden when the package is installed. |
| 383 | |
| 384 @item Depends | |
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385 A list of other Octave packages that this package depends on. This can |
| 6537 | 386 include dependencies on particular versions, with a format |
| 387 | |
| 388 @example | |
| 389 Depends: package (>= 1.0.0) | |
| 390 @end example | |
| 391 | |
| 392 @noindent | |
| 393 Possible operators are @code{<}, @code{<=}, @code{==}, @code{>=} or | |
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394 @code{>}. If the part of the dependency in @code{()} is missing, any |
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395 version of the package is acceptable. Multiple dependencies can be |
| 6537 | 396 defined either as a comma separated list or on separate @code{Depends} |
| 397 lines. | |
| 398 | |
| 399 @item License | |
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400 An optional short description of the used license (e.g., GPL version 3 |
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401 or newer). This is optional since the file @file{COPYING} is mandatory. |
| 6537 | 402 |
| 403 @item SystemRequirements | |
| 404 These are the external install dependencies of the package and are not | |
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405 checked by the package manager. This is here as a hint to the |
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406 distribution packager. They follow the same conventions as the |
| 6537 | 407 @code{Depends} keyword. |
| 408 | |
| 409 @item BuildRequires | |
| 410 These are the external build dependencies of the package and are not | |
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411 checked by the package manager. This is here as a hint to the |
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412 distribution packager. They follow the same conventions as the |
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413 @code{Depends} keyword. Note that in general, packaging systems such |
| 6537 | 414 as @code{rpm} or @code{deb} and autoprobe the install dependencies |
| 415 from the build dependencies, and therefore the often a | |
| 416 @code{BuildRequires} dependency removes the need for a | |
| 417 @code{SystemRequirements} dependency. | |
| 418 | |
| 419 @end table | |
| 420 | |
| 421 @noindent | |
| 422 The developer is free to add additional arguments to the | |
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423 @file{DESCRIPTION} file for their own purposes. One further detail to |
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424 aid the packager is that the @code{SystemRequirements} and |
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425 @code{BuildRequires} keywords can have a distribution dependent section, |
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426 and the automatic build process will use these. An example of the |
| 6537 | 427 format of this is |
| 428 | |
| 429 @example | |
| 430 BuildRequires: libtermcap-devel [Mandriva] libtermcap2-devel | |
| 431 @end example | |
| 432 | |
| 433 @noindent | |
| 434 where the first package name will be used as a default and if the | |
| 435 RPMs are built on a Mandriva distribution, then the second package | |
| 436 name will be used instead. | |
| 437 | |
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438 @node The INDEX File |
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439 @subsection The INDEX File |
| 6537 | 440 |
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441 The optional @file{INDEX} file provides a categorical view of the |
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442 functions in the package. This file has a very simple format |
| 6537 | 443 |
| 444 @noindent | |
| 445 @itemize | |
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446 @item Lines beginning with @samp{#} are comments. |
| 6537 | 447 |
| 448 @item The first non-comment line should look like this | |
| 449 | |
| 450 @example | |
| 451 toolbox >> Toolbox name | |
| 452 @end example | |
| 453 | |
| 454 @item Lines beginning with an alphabetical character indicates a new | |
| 455 category of functions. | |
| 456 | |
| 457 @item Lines starting with a white space character indicate that the | |
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458 function names on the line belong to the last mentioned category. |
| 6537 | 459 @end itemize |
| 460 | |
| 461 @noindent | |
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462 The format can be summarized with the following example. |
| 6537 | 463 |
| 464 @example | |
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465 @group |
| 6537 | 466 # A comment |
| 467 toolbox >> Toolbox name | |
| 468 Category Name 1 | |
| 469 function1 function2 function3 | |
| 470 function4 | |
| 471 Category Name 2 | |
| 7007 | 472 function2 function5 |
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473 @end group |
| 6537 | 474 @end example |
| 475 | |
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476 If you wish to refer to a function that users might expect |
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477 to find in your package but is not there, providing a work around or |
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478 pointing out that the function is available elsewhere, you can use: |
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479 |
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480 @example |
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481 fn = workaround description |
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482 @end example |
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483 |
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484 @noindent |
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485 This workaround description will not appear when listing functions in the |
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486 package with @code{pkg describe} but they will be published |
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487 in the HTML documentation online. |
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488 Workaround descriptions can use any HTML markup, but |
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489 keep in mind that it will be enclosed in a bold-italic environment. |
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490 For the special case of: |
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491 |
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492 @example |
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493 fn = use <code>alternate expression</code> |
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494 @end example |
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495 |
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496 @noindent |
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497 the bold-italic is automatically suppressed. You will need |
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498 to use @code{<code>} even in references: |
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499 |
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500 @example |
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501 fn = use <a href="someothersite.html"><code>fn</code></a> |
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502 @end example |
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503 |
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504 @noindent |
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505 Sometimes functions are only partially compatible, in which |
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506 case you can list the non-compatible cases separately. To |
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507 refer to another function in the package, use @code{<f>fn</f>}. |
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508 For example: |
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509 |
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510 @example |
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511 eig (a, b) = use <f>qz</f> |
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512 @end example |
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513 |
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514 @noindent |
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515 Since sites may have many missing functions, you can define |
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516 a macro rather than typing the same link over and again. |
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517 |
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518 @example |
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519 $id = expansion |
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520 @end example |
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521 |
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522 @noindent |
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523 defines the macro id. You can use @code{$id} anywhere in the |
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524 description and it will be expanded. For example: |
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525 |
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526 @example |
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527 @group |
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528 $TSA = see <a href="link_to_spctools">SPC Tools</a> |
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529 arcov = $TSA <code>armcv</code> |
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530 @end group |
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531 @end example |
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532 |
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533 @noindent |
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534 id is any string of letters, numbers and @code{_}. |
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535 |
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536 @node PKG_ADD and PKG_DEL Directives |
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537 @subsection PKG_ADD and PKG_DEL Directives |
| 6537 | 538 |
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539 If the package contains files called @w{@code{PKG_ADD}} or @w{@code{PKG_DEL}} |
| 6537 | 540 the commands in these files will be executed when the package is |
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541 added or removed from the users path. In some situations such files |
| 6537 | 542 are a bit cumbersome to maintain, so the package manager supports |
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543 automatic creation of such files. If a source file in the package |
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544 contains a @w{@code{PKG_ADD}} or @w{@code{PKG_DEL}} directive they will be |
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545 added to either the @w{@code{PKG_ADD}} or @w{@code{PKG_DEL}} files. |
| 6537 | 546 |
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547 In @code{m}-files a @w{@code{PKG_ADD}} directive looks like this |
| 6537 | 548 |
| 549 @example | |
| 550 ## PKG_ADD: some_octave_command | |
| 551 @end example | |
| 552 | |
| 553 @noindent | |
| 554 Such lines should be added before the @code{function} keyword. | |
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555 In C++ files a @w{@code{PKG_ADD}} directive looks like this |
| 6537 | 556 |
| 557 @example | |
| 558 // PKG_ADD: some_octave_command | |
| 559 @end example | |
| 560 | |
| 561 @noindent | |
| 562 In both cases @code{some_octave_command} should be replaced by the | |
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563 command that should be placed in the @w{@code{PKG_ADD}} file. |
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564 @w{@code{PKG_DEL}} directives work in the same way, except the @w{@code{PKG_ADD}} |
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565 keyword is replaced with @w{@code{PKG_DEL}} and the commands get added |
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566 to the @w{@code{PKG_DEL}} file. |