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1 @c Copyright (C) 1996, 1997, 1999, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2008, |
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2 @c 2009 Kurt Hornik |
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3 @c |
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4 @c This file is part of Octave. |
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5 @c |
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6 @c Octave is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it |
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7 @c under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the |
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8 @c Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at |
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9 @c your option) any later version. |
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10 @c |
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11 @c Octave is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT |
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12 @c ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or |
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13 @c FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License |
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14 @c for more details. |
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15 @c |
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16 @c You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License |
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17 @c along with Octave; see the file COPYING. If not, see |
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18 @c <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. |
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19 |
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20 @c Written by Kurt Hornik <Kurt.Hornik@wu-wien.ac.at> on 1996/05/17. |
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21 @c Last updated by KH on 1997/07/31. |
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22 |
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23 @node Emacs |
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24 @chapter Emacs Octave Support |
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25 |
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26 The development of Octave code can greatly be facilitated using Emacs |
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27 with Octave mode |
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28 automatically indent the code, do some of the typing (with Abbrev mode) |
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29 and show keywords, comments, strings, etc.@: in different faces (with |
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30 Font-lock mode on devices that support it). |
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31 |
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32 It is also possible to run Octave from within Emacs, either by directly |
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33 entering commands at the prompt in a buffer in Inferior Octave mode, or |
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34 by interacting with Octave from within a file with Octave code. This is |
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35 useful in particular for debugging Octave code. |
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36 |
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37 Finally, you can convince Octave to use the Emacs info reader for |
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38 @kbd{help -i}. |
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39 |
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40 All functionality is provided by the Emacs Lisp package EOS (for ``Emacs |
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41 Octave Support''). This chapter describes how to set up and use this |
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42 package. |
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43 |
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44 Please contact <Kurt.Hornik@@wu-wien.ac.at> if you have any questions |
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45 or suggestions on using EOS. |
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46 |
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47 @menu |
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48 * Installing EOS:: |
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49 * Using Octave Mode:: |
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50 * Running Octave From Within Emacs:: |
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51 * Using the Emacs Info Reader for Octave:: |
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52 @end menu |
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53 |
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54 @node Installing EOS |
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55 @section Installing EOS |
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56 |
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57 The Emacs package EOS consists of the three files @file{octave-mod.el}, |
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58 @file{octave-inf.el}, and @file{octave-hlp.el}. These files, or better |
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59 yet their byte-compiled versions, should be somewhere in your Emacs |
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60 load-path. |
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61 |
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62 If you have GNU Emacs with a version number at least as high as 19.35, |
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63 you are all set up, because EOS is respectively will be part of GNU |
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64 Emacs as of version 19.35. |
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65 |
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66 Otherwise, copy the three files from the @file{emacs} subdirectory of |
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67 the Octave distribution to a place where Emacs can find them (this |
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68 depends on how your Emacs was installed). Byte-compile them for speed |
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69 if you want. |
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70 |
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71 @node Using Octave Mode |
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72 @section Using Octave Mode |
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73 |
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74 If you are lucky, your sysadmins have already arranged everything so |
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75 that Emacs automatically goes into Octave mode whenever you visit an |
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76 Octave code file as characterized by its extension @file{.m}. If not, |
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77 proceed as follows. |
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78 |
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79 @enumerate |
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80 @item |
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81 To begin using Octave mode for all @file{.m} files you visit, add the |
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82 following lines to a file loaded by Emacs at startup time, typically |
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83 your @file{~/.emacs} file: |
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84 |
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85 @lisp |
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86 (autoload 'octave-mode "octave-mod" nil t) |
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87 (setq auto-mode-alist |
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88 (cons '(\"\\\\.m$\" . octave-mode) auto-mode-alist)) |
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89 @end lisp |
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90 |
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91 @item |
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92 Finally, to turn on the abbrevs, auto-fill and font-lock features |
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93 automatically, also add the following lines to one of the Emacs startup |
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94 files: |
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95 @lisp |
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96 (add-hook 'octave-mode-hook |
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97 (lambda () |
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98 (abbrev-mode 1) |
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99 (auto-fill-mode 1) |
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100 (if (eq window-system 'x) |
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101 (font-lock-mode 1)))) |
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102 @end lisp |
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103 See the Emacs manual for more information about how to customize |
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104 Font-lock mode. |
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105 @end enumerate |
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106 |
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107 In Octave mode, the following special Emacs commands can be used in |
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108 addition to the standard Emacs commands. |
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109 |
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110 @table @kbd |
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111 @item C-h m |
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112 Describe the features of Octave mode. |
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113 |
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114 @item LFD |
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115 Reindent the current Octave line, insert a newline and indent the new |
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116 line (@code{octave-reindent-then-newline-and-indent}). An abbrev before |
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117 point is expanded if @code{abbrev-mode} is non-@code{nil}. |
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118 |
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119 @item TAB |
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120 Indents current Octave line based on its contents and on previous |
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121 lines (@code{indent-according-to-mode}). |
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122 |
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123 @item ; |
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124 Insert an ``electric'' semicolon (@code{octave-electric-semi}). If |
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125 @code{octave-auto-indent} is non-@code{nil}, reindent the current line. |
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126 If @code{octave-auto-newline} is non-@code{nil}, automagically insert a |
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127 newline and indent the new line. |
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128 |
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129 @item ` |
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130 Start entering an abbreviation (@code{octave-abbrev-start}). If Abbrev |
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131 mode is turned on, typing @kbd{`C-h} or @kbd{`?} lists all abbrevs. |
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132 Any other key combination is executed normally. Note that all Octave |
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133 abbrevs start with a grave accent. |
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134 |
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135 @item M-LFD |
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136 Break line at point and insert continuation marker and alignment |
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137 (@code{octave-split-line}). |
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138 |
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139 @item M-TAB |
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140 Perform completion on Octave symbol preceding point, comparing that |
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141 symbol against Octave's reserved words and built-in variables |
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142 (@code{octave-complete-symbol}). |
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143 |
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144 @item M-C-a |
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145 Move backward to the beginning of a function |
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146 (@code{octave-beginning-of-defun}). |
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147 With prefix argument @var{N}, do it that many times if @var{N} is |
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148 positive; otherwise, move forward to the @var{N}-th following beginning |
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149 of a function. |
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150 |
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151 @item M-C-e |
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152 Move forward to the end of a function (@code{octave-end-of-defun}). |
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153 With prefix argument @var{N}, do it that many times if @var{N} is |
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154 positive; otherwise, move back to the @var{N}-th preceding end of a |
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155 function. |
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156 |
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157 @item M-C-h |
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158 Puts point at beginning and mark at the end of the current Octave |
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159 function, i.e., the one containing point or following point |
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160 (@code{octave-mark-defun}). |
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161 |
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162 @item M-C-q |
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163 Properly indents the Octave function which contains point |
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164 (@code{octave-indent-defun}). |
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165 |
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166 @item M-; |
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167 If there is no comment already on this line, create a code-level comment |
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168 (started by two comment characters) if the line is empty, or an in-line |
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169 comment (started by one comment character) otherwise |
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170 (@code{octave-indent-for-comment}). |
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171 Point is left after the start of the comment which is properly aligned. |
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172 |
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173 @item C-c ; |
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174 Puts the comment character @samp{#} (more precisely, the string value of |
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175 @code{octave-comment-start}) at the beginning of every line in the |
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176 region (@code{octave-comment-region}). With just @kbd{C-u} prefix |
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177 argument, uncomment each line in the region. A numeric prefix argument |
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178 @var{N} means use @var{N} comment characters. |
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179 |
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180 @item C-c : |
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181 Uncomments every line in the region (@code{octave-uncomment-region}). |
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182 |
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183 @item C-c C-p |
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184 Move one line of Octave code backward, skipping empty and comment lines |
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185 (@code{octave-previous-code-line}). With numeric prefix argument |
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186 @var{N}, move that many code lines backward (forward if @var{N} is |
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187 negative). |
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188 |
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189 @item C-c C-n |
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190 Move one line of Octave code forward, skipping empty and comment lines |
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191 (@code{octave-next-code-line}). With numeric prefix argument @var{N}, |
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192 move that many code lines forward (backward if @var{N} is negative). |
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193 |
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194 @item C-c C-a |
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195 Move to the `real' beginning of the current line |
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196 (@code{octave-beginning-of-line}). If point is in an empty or comment |
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197 line, simply go to its beginning; otherwise, move backwards to the |
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198 beginning of the first code line which is not inside a continuation |
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199 statement, i.e., which does not follow a code line ending in @samp{...} |
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200 or @samp{\}, or is inside an open parenthesis list. |
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201 |
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202 @item C-c C-e |
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203 Move to the `real' end of the current line (@code{octave-end-of-line}). |
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204 If point is in a code line, move forward to the end of the first Octave |
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205 code line which does not end in @samp{...} or @samp{\} or is inside an |
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206 open parenthesis list. Otherwise, simply go to the end of the current |
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207 line. |
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208 |
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209 @item C-c M-C-n |
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210 Move forward across one balanced begin-end block of Octave code |
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211 (@code{octave-forward-block}). With numeric prefix argument @var{N}, |
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212 move forward across @var{n} such blocks (backward if @var{N} is |
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213 negative). |
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214 |
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215 @item C-c M-C-p |
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216 Move back across one balanced begin-end block of Octave code |
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217 (@code{octave-backward-block}). With numeric prefix argument @var{N}, |
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218 move backward across @var{N} such blocks (forward if @var{N} is |
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219 negative). |
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220 |
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221 @item C-c M-C-d |
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222 Move forward down one begin-end block level of Octave code |
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223 (@code{octave-down-block}). With numeric prefix argument, do it that |
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224 many times; a negative argument means move backward, but still go down |
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225 one level. |
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226 |
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227 @item C-c M-C-u |
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228 Move backward out of one begin-end block level of Octave code |
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229 (@code{octave-backward-up-block}). With numeric prefix argument, do it |
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230 that many times; a negative argument means move forward, but still to a |
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231 less deep spot. |
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232 |
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233 @item C-c M-C-h |
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234 Put point at the beginning of this block, mark at the end |
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235 (@code{octave-mark-block}). |
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236 The block marked is the one that contains point or follows point. |
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237 |
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238 @item C-c ] |
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239 Close the current block on a separate line (@code{octave-close-block}). |
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240 An error is signaled if no block to close is found. |
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241 |
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242 @item C-c f |
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243 Insert a function skeleton, prompting for the function's name, arguments |
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244 and return values which have to be entered without parens |
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245 (@code{octave-insert-defun}). |
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246 |
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247 @item C-c C-h |
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248 Search the function, operator and variable indices of all info files |
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249 with documentation for Octave for entries (@code{octave-help}). If used |
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250 interactively, the entry is prompted for with completion. If multiple |
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251 matches are found, one can cycle through them using the standard |
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252 @samp{,} (@code{Info-index-next}) command of the Info reader. |
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253 |
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254 The variable @code{octave-help-files} is a list of files to search |
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255 through and defaults to @code{'("octave")}. If there is also an Octave |
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256 Local Guide with corresponding info file, say, @file{octave-LG}, you can |
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257 have @code{octave-help} search both files by |
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258 @lisp |
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259 (setq octave-help-files '("octave" "octave-LG")) |
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260 @end lisp |
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261 @noindent |
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262 in one of your Emacs startup files. |
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263 |
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264 @end table |
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265 |
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266 A common problem is that the @key{RET} key does @emph{not} indent the |
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267 line to where the new text should go after inserting the newline. This |
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268 is because the standard Emacs convention is that @key{RET} (aka |
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269 @kbd{C-m}) just adds a newline, whereas @key{LFD} (aka @kbd{C-j}) adds a |
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270 newline and indents it. This is particularly inconvenient for users with |
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271 keyboards which do not have a special @key{LFD} key at all; in such |
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272 cases, it is typically more convenient to use @key{RET} as the @key{LFD} |
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273 key (rather than typing @kbd{C-j}). |
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274 |
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275 You can make @key{RET} do this by adding |
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276 @lisp |
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277 (define-key octave-mode-map "\C-m" |
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278 'octave-reindent-then-newline-and-indent) |
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279 @end lisp |
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280 @noindent |
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281 to one of your Emacs startup files. Another, more generally applicable |
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282 solution is |
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283 @lisp |
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284 (defun RET-behaves-as-LFD () |
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285 (let ((x (key-binding "\C-j"))) |
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286 (local-set-key "\C-m" x))) |
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287 (add-hook 'octave-mode-hook 'RET-behaves-as-LFD) |
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288 @end lisp |
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289 @noindent |
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290 (this works for all modes by adding to the startup hooks, without having |
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291 to know the particular binding of @key{RET} in that mode!). Similar |
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292 considerations apply for using @key{M-RET} as @key{M-LFD}. As Barry |
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293 A. Warsaw <bwarsaw@@cnri.reston.va.us> says in the documentation for his |
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294 @code{cc-mode}, ``This is a very common question. @code{:-)} If you want |
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295 this to be the default behavior, don't lobby me, lobby RMS!'' |
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296 |
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297 The following variables can be used to customize Octave mode. |
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298 |
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299 @table @code |
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300 @item octave-auto-indent |
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301 Non-@code{nil} means auto-indent the current line after a semicolon or |
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302 space. Default is @code{nil}. |
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303 |
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304 @item octave-auto-newline |
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305 Non-@code{nil} means auto-insert a newline and indent after semicolons |
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306 are typed. The default value is @code{nil}. |
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307 |
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308 @item octave-blink-matching-block |
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309 Non-@code{nil} means show matching begin of block when inserting a space, |
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310 newline or @samp{;} after an else or end keyword. Default is @code{t}. |
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311 This is an extremely useful feature for automatically verifying that the |
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312 keywords match---if they don't, an error message is displayed. |
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313 |
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314 @item octave-block-offset |
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315 Extra indentation applied to statements in block structures. |
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316 Default is 2. |
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317 |
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318 @item octave-continuation-offset |
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319 Extra indentation applied to Octave continuation lines. |
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320 Default is 4. |
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321 |
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322 @item octave-continuation-string |
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323 String used for Octave continuation lines. |
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324 Normally @samp{\}. |
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325 |
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326 @item octave-mode-startup-message |
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327 If @code{t} (default), a startup message is displayed when Octave mode |
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328 is called. |
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329 |
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330 @end table |
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331 |
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332 If Font Lock mode is enabled, Octave mode will display |
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333 @itemize @bullet |
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334 @item |
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335 strings in @code{font-lock-string-face} |
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336 @item |
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337 comments in @code{font-lock-comment-face} |
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338 @item |
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339 the Octave reserved words (such as all block keywords) and the text |
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340 functions (such as @samp{cd} or @samp{who}) which are also reserved |
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341 using @code{font-lock-keyword-face} |
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342 @item |
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343 the built-in operators (@samp{&&}, @samp{==}, @dots{}) using |
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344 @code{font-lock-reference-face} |
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345 @item |
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346 and the function names in function declarations in |
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347 @code{font-lock-function-name-face}. |
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348 @end itemize |
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349 |
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350 There is also rudimentary support for Imenu (currently, function names |
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351 can be indexed). |
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352 |
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353 Customization of Octave mode can be performed by modification of the |
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354 variable @code{octave-mode-hook}. It the value of this variable is |
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355 non-@code{nil}, turning on Octave mode calls its value. |
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356 |
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357 If you discover a problem with Octave mode, you can conveniently send a |
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358 bug report using @kbd{C-c C-b} (@code{octave-submit-bug-report}). This |
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359 automatically sets up a mail buffer with version information already |
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360 added. You just need to add a description of the problem, including a |
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361 reproducible test case and send the message. |
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362 |
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363 @node Running Octave From Within Emacs |
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364 @section Running Octave From Within Emacs |
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365 |
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366 The package @file{octave} provides commands for running an inferior |
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367 Octave process in a special Emacs buffer. Use |
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368 @lisp |
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369 M-x run-octave |
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370 @end lisp |
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371 @noindent |
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372 to directly start an inferior Octave process. If Emacs does not know |
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373 about this command, add the line |
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374 @lisp |
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375 (autoload 'run-octave "octave-inf" nil t) |
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376 @end lisp |
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377 @noindent |
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378 to your @file{.emacs} file. |
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379 |
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380 This will start Octave in a special buffer the name of which is |
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381 specified by the variable @code{inferior-octave-buffer} and defaults to |
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382 @code{"*Inferior Octave*"}. From within this buffer, you can |
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383 interact with the inferior Octave process `as usual', i.e., by entering |
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384 Octave commands at the prompt. The buffer is in Inferior Octave mode, |
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385 which is derived from the standard Comint mode, a major mode for |
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386 interacting with an inferior interpreter. See the documentation for |
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387 @code{comint-mode} for more details, and use @kbd{C-h b} to find out |
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388 about available special keybindings. |
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389 |
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390 You can also communicate with an inferior Octave process from within |
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391 files with Octave code (i.e., buffers in Octave mode), using the |
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392 following commands. |
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393 |
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394 @table @kbd |
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395 @item C-c i l |
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396 Send the current line to the inferior Octave process |
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397 (@code{octave-send-line}). |
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398 With positive prefix argument @var{N}, send that many lines. |
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399 If @code{octave-send-line-auto-forward} is non-@code{nil}, go to the |
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400 next unsent code line. |
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401 @item C-c i b |
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402 Send the current block to the inferior Octave process |
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403 (@code{octave-send-block}). |
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404 @item C-c i f |
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405 Send the current function to the inferior Octave process |
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406 (@code{octave-send-defun}). |
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407 @item C-c i r |
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408 Send the region to the inferior Octave process |
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409 (@code{octave-send-region}). |
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410 @item C-c i s |
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411 Make sure that `inferior-octave-buffer' is displayed |
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412 (@code{octave-show-process-buffer}). |
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413 @item C-c i h |
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414 Delete all windows that display the inferior Octave buffer |
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415 (@code{octave-hide-process-buffer}). |
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416 @item C-c i k |
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417 Kill the inferior Octave process and its buffer |
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418 (@code{octave-kill-process}). |
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419 @end table |
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420 |
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421 The effect of the commands which send code to the Octave process can be |
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422 customized by the following variables. |
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423 @table @code |
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424 @item octave-send-echo-input |
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425 Non-@code{nil} means echo input sent to the inferior Octave process. |
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426 Default is @code{t}. |
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427 |
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428 @item octave-send-show-buffer |
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429 Non-@code{nil} means display the buffer running the Octave process after |
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430 sending a command (but without selecting it). |
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431 Default is @code{t}. |
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432 @end table |
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433 |
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434 If you send code and there is no inferior Octave process yet, it will be |
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435 started automatically. |
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436 |
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437 The startup of the inferior Octave process is highly customizable. |
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438 The variable @code{inferior-octave-startup-args} can be used for |
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439 specifying command lines arguments to be passed to Octave on startup |
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440 as a list of strings. For example, to suppress the startup message and |
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441 use `traditional' mode, set this to @code{'("-q" "--traditional")}. |
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442 You can also specify a startup file of Octave commands to be loaded on |
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443 startup; note that these commands will not produce any visible output |
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444 in the process buffer. Which file to use is controlled by the variable |
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445 @code{inferior-octave-startup-file}. If this is @code{nil}, the file |
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446 @file{~/.emacs-octave} is used if it exists. |
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447 |
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448 And finally, @code{inferior-octave-mode-hook} is run after starting the |
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449 process and putting its buffer into Inferior Octave mode. Hence, if you |
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450 like the up and down arrow keys to behave in the interaction buffer as |
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451 in the shell, and you want this buffer to use nice colors, add |
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452 @lisp |
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453 (add-hook 'inferior-octave-mode-hook |
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454 (lambda () |
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455 (turn-on-font-lock) |
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456 (define-key inferior-octave-mode-map [up] |
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457 'comint-previous-input) |
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458 (define-key inferior-octave-mode-map [down] |
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459 'comint-next-input))) |
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460 @end lisp |
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461 @noindent |
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462 to your @file{.emacs} file. You could also swap the roles of @kbd{C-a} |
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463 (@code{beginning-of-line}) and @code{C-c C-a} (@code{comint-bol}) using |
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464 this hook. |
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465 |
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466 @quotation |
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467 @strong{Note:} |
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468 If you set your Octave prompts to something different from the defaults, |
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469 make sure that @code{inferior-octave-prompt} matches them. |
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470 Otherwise, @emph{nothing} will work, because Emacs will have no idea |
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471 when Octave is waiting for input, or done sending output. |
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472 @end quotation |
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473 |
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4167
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474 @node Using the Emacs Info Reader for Octave |
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3294
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475 @section Using the Emacs Info Reader for Octave |
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476 |
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477 You can also set up the Emacs Info reader for dealing with the results |
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478 of Octave's @samp{help -i}. For this, the package @file{gnuserv} needs |
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479 to be installed, which unfortunately still does not come with GNU Emacs |
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480 (it does with XEmacs). It can be retrieved from any GNU Emacs Lisp Code |
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481 Directory archive, e.g.@: |
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482 @url{ftp://ftp.cis.ohio-state.edu/pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive}, |
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483 in the @file{packages} subdirectory. The alpha version of an enhanced |
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484 version of gnuserv is available at |
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485 @url{ftp://ftp.wellfleet.com/netman/psmith/emacs/gnuserv-2.1alpha.tar.gz}. |
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486 |
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487 If @file{gnuserv} is installed, add the lines |
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488 @lisp |
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489 (autoload 'octave-help "octave-hlp" nil t) |
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490 (require 'gnuserv) |
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491 (gnuserv-start) |
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492 @end lisp |
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493 @noindent |
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494 to your @file{.emacs} file. |
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495 |
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496 You can use either `plain' Emacs Info or the function @code{octave-help} |
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497 as your Octave info reader (for @samp{help -i}). In the former case, |
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498 set the Octave variable @code{INFO_PROGRAM} to @code{"info-emacs-info"}. |
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499 The latter is perhaps more attractive because it allows to look up keys |
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500 in the indices of @emph{several} info files related to Octave (provided |
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501 that the Emacs variable @code{octave-help-files} is set correctly). In |
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502 this case, set @code{INFO_PROGRAM} to @code{"info-emacs-octave-help"}. |
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503 |
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504 If you use Octave from within Emacs, these settings are best done in the |
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505 @file{~/.emacs-octave} startup file (or the file pointed to by the Emacs |
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506 variable @code{inferior-octave-startup-file}). |
