Mercurial > octave-nkf
changeset 3793:56522edd5c33
[project @ 2001-02-10 05:11:49 by jwe]
| author | jwe |
|---|---|
| date | Sat, 10 Feb 2001 05:13:25 +0000 |
| parents | 74c2fc84f0cf |
| children | e42e28db4dda |
| files | readline/compat.c readline/doc/history.dvi readline/doc/history.html readline/doc/history.info readline/doc/history.ps readline/doc/manvers.texinfo readline/doc/readline.0 readline/doc/readline.dvi readline/doc/readline.html readline/doc/readline.info readline/doc/readline.ps readline/doc/readline_3.ps readline/doc/rluserman.dvi readline/doc/rluserman.html readline/doc/rluserman.info readline/doc/rluserman.ps readline/doc/rluserman.texinfo readline/rlprivate.h readline/rlshell.h readline/rlstdc.h readline/rltypedefs.h readline/rlwinsize.h readline/savestring.c readline/xmalloc.h |
| diffstat | 24 files changed, 24579 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) [+] |
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--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000 +++ b/readline/compat.c Sat Feb 10 05:13:25 2001 +0000 @@ -0,0 +1,112 @@ +/* compat.c -- backwards compatibility functions. */ + +/* Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + + This file is part of the GNU Readline Library, a library for + reading lines of text with interactive input and history editing. + + The GNU Readline Library is free software; you can redistribute it + and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License + as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or + (at your option) any later version. + + The GNU Readline Library is distributed in the hope that it will be + useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty + of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the + GNU General Public License for more details. + + The GNU General Public License is often shipped with GNU software, and + is generally kept in a file called COPYING or LICENSE. If you do not + have a copy of the license, write to the Free Software Foundation, + 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111 USA. */ +#define READLINE_LIBRARY + +#if defined (HAVE_CONFIG_H) +# include <config.h> +#endif + +#include <stdio.h> + +#include "rlstdc.h" +#include "rltypedefs.h" + +extern void rl_free_undo_list __P((void)); +extern int rl_maybe_save_line __P((void)); +extern int rl_maybe_unsave_line __P((void)); +extern int rl_maybe_replace_line __P((void)); + +extern int rl_ding __P((void)); +extern int rl_alphabetic __P((int)); + +extern char **rl_completion_matches __P((const char *, rl_compentry_func_t *)); +extern char *rl_username_completion_function __P((const char *, int)); +extern char *rl_filename_completion_function __P((const char *, int)); + +/* Provide backwards-compatible entry points for old function names. */ + +void +free_undo_list () +{ + rl_free_undo_list (); +} + +int +maybe_replace_line () +{ + return rl_maybe_replace_line (); +} + +int +maybe_save_line () +{ + return rl_maybe_save_line (); +} + +int +maybe_unsave_line () +{ + return rl_maybe_unsave_line (); +} + +int +ding () +{ + return rl_ding (); +} + +int +crlf () +{ + return rl_crlf (); +} + +int +alphabetic (c) + int c; +{ + return rl_alphabetic (c); +} + +char ** +completion_matches (s, f) + const char *s; + rl_compentry_func_t *f; +{ + return rl_completion_matches (s, f); +} + +char * +username_completion_function (s, i) + const char *s; + int i; +{ + return rl_username_completion_function (s, i); +} + +char * +filename_completion_function (s, i) + const char *s; + int i; +{ + return rl_filename_completion_function (s, i); +}
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000 +++ b/readline/doc/history.html Sat Feb 10 05:13:25 2001 +0000 @@ -0,0 +1,1207 @@ +<HTML> +<HEAD> +<!-- This HTML file has been created by texi2html 1.52 + from /usr/homes/chet/src/bash/readline-src/doc/hist.texinfo on 5 Febuary 2001 --> + +<TITLE>GNU History Library</TITLE> +</HEAD> +<BODY> +<H1>GNU History Library</H1> +<H2>Edition 4.2-beta, for <CODE>History Library</CODE> Version 4.2-beta.</H2> +<H2>Feb 2001</H2> +<ADDRESS>Brian Fox, Free Software Foundation</ADDRESS> +<ADDRESS>Chet Ramey, Case Western Reserve University</ADDRESS> +<P> +<P><HR><P> +<H1>Table of Contents</H1> +<UL> +<LI><A NAME="TOC1" HREF="history.html#SEC1">Using History Interactively</A> +<UL> +<LI><A NAME="TOC2" HREF="history.html#SEC2">History Expansion</A> +<UL> +<LI><A NAME="TOC3" HREF="history.html#SEC3">Event Designators</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC4" HREF="history.html#SEC4">Word Designators</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC5" HREF="history.html#SEC5">Modifiers</A> +</UL> +</UL> +<LI><A NAME="TOC6" HREF="history.html#SEC6">Programming with GNU History</A> +<UL> +<LI><A NAME="TOC7" HREF="history.html#SEC7">Introduction to History</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC8" HREF="history.html#SEC8">History Storage</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC9" HREF="history.html#SEC9">History Functions</A> +<UL> +<LI><A NAME="TOC10" HREF="history.html#SEC10">Initializing History and State Management</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC11" HREF="history.html#SEC11">History List Management</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC12" HREF="history.html#SEC12">Information About the History List</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC13" HREF="history.html#SEC13">Moving Around the History List</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC14" HREF="history.html#SEC14">Searching the History List</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC15" HREF="history.html#SEC15">Managing the History File</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC16" HREF="history.html#SEC16">History Expansion</A> +</UL> +<LI><A NAME="TOC17" HREF="history.html#SEC17">History Variables</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC18" HREF="history.html#SEC18">History Programming Example</A> +</UL> +<LI><A NAME="TOC19" HREF="history.html#SEC19">Concept Index</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC20" HREF="history.html#SEC20">Function and Variable Index</A> +</UL> +<P><HR><P> + +<P> +This document describes the GNU History library, a programming tool that +provides a consistent user interface for recalling lines of previously +typed input. + +</P> +<P> +Published by the Free Software Foundation <BR> +59 Temple Place, Suite 330, <BR> +Boston, MA 02111 USA + +</P> +<P> +Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of +this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice +are preserved on all copies. + +</P> +<P> +Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this +manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire +resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission +notice identical to this one. + +</P> +<P> +Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual +into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions, +except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved +by the Free Software Foundation. + +</P> +<P> +Copyright (C) 1988-2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + +</P> + + + +<H1><A NAME="SEC1" HREF="history.html#TOC1">Using History Interactively</A></H1> + +<P> +This chapter describes how to use the GNU History Library interactively, +from a user's standpoint. It should be considered a user's guide. For +information on using the GNU History Library in your own programs, +see section <A HREF="history.html#SEC6">Programming with GNU History</A>. + +</P> + +<UL> +<LI><A HREF="history.html#SEC2">History Interaction</A>: What it feels like using History as a user. +</UL> + + + +<H2><A NAME="SEC2" HREF="history.html#TOC2">History Expansion</A></H2> +<P> +<A NAME="IDX1"></A> + +</P> +<P> +The History library provides a history expansion feature that is similar +to the history expansion provided by <CODE>csh</CODE>. This section +describes the syntax used to manipulate the history information. + +</P> +<P> +History expansions introduce words from the history list into +the input stream, making it easy to repeat commands, insert the +arguments to a previous command into the current input line, or +fix errors in previous commands quickly. + +</P> +<P> +History expansion takes place in two parts. The first is to determine +which line from the history list should be used during substitution. +The second is to select portions of that line for inclusion into the +current one. The line selected from the history is called the +<EM>event</EM>, and the portions of that line that are acted upon are +called <EM>words</EM>. Various <EM>modifiers</EM> are available to manipulate +the selected words. The line is broken into words in the same fashion +that Bash does, so that several words +surrounded by quotes are considered one word. +History expansions are introduced by the appearance of the +history expansion character, which is <SAMP>`!'</SAMP> by default. + +</P> + + +<UL> +<LI><A HREF="history.html#SEC3">Event Designators</A>: How to specify which history line to use. +<LI><A HREF="history.html#SEC4">Word Designators</A>: Specifying which words are of interest. +<LI><A HREF="history.html#SEC5">Modifiers</A>: Modifying the results of substitution. +</UL> + + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC3" HREF="history.html#TOC3">Event Designators</A></H3> +<P> +<A NAME="IDX2"></A> + +</P> +<P> +An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the +history list. +<A NAME="IDX3"></A> + +</P> +<DL COMPACT> + +<DT><CODE>!</CODE> +<DD> +Start a history substitution, except when followed by a space, tab, +the end of the line, <SAMP>`='</SAMP> or <SAMP>`('</SAMP>. + +<DT><CODE>!<VAR>n</VAR></CODE> +<DD> +Refer to command line <VAR>n</VAR>. + +<DT><CODE>!-<VAR>n</VAR></CODE> +<DD> +Refer to the command <VAR>n</VAR> lines back. + +<DT><CODE>!!</CODE> +<DD> +Refer to the previous command. This is a synonym for <SAMP>`!-1'</SAMP>. + +<DT><CODE>!<VAR>string</VAR></CODE> +<DD> +Refer to the most recent command starting with <VAR>string</VAR>. + +<DT><CODE>!?<VAR>string</VAR>[?]</CODE> +<DD> +Refer to the most recent command containing <VAR>string</VAR>. The trailing +<SAMP>`?'</SAMP> may be omitted if the <VAR>string</VAR> is followed immediately by +a newline. + +<DT><CODE>^<VAR>string1</VAR>^<VAR>string2</VAR>^</CODE> +<DD> +Quick Substitution. Repeat the last command, replacing <VAR>string1</VAR> +with <VAR>string2</VAR>. Equivalent to +<CODE>!!:s/<VAR>string1</VAR>/<VAR>string2</VAR>/</CODE>. + +<DT><CODE>!#</CODE> +<DD> +The entire command line typed so far. + +</DL> + + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC4" HREF="history.html#TOC4">Word Designators</A></H3> + +<P> +Word designators are used to select desired words from the event. +A <SAMP>`:'</SAMP> separates the event specification from the word designator. It +may be omitted if the word designator begins with a <SAMP>`^'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`$'</SAMP>, +<SAMP>`*'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`-'</SAMP>, or <SAMP>`%'</SAMP>. Words are numbered from the beginning +of the line, with the first word being denoted by 0 (zero). Words are +inserted into the current line separated by single spaces. + +</P> +<P> +For example, + +</P> +<DL COMPACT> + +<DT><CODE>!!</CODE> +<DD> +designates the preceding command. When you type this, the preceding +command is repeated in toto. + +<DT><CODE>!!:$</CODE> +<DD> +designates the last argument of the preceding command. This may be +shortened to <CODE>!$</CODE>. + +<DT><CODE>!fi:2</CODE> +<DD> +designates the second argument of the most recent command starting with +the letters <CODE>fi</CODE>. +</DL> + +<P> +Here are the word designators: + +<DL COMPACT> + +<DT><CODE>0 (zero)</CODE> +<DD> +The <CODE>0</CODE>th word. For many applications, this is the command word. + +<DT><CODE><VAR>n</VAR></CODE> +<DD> +The <VAR>n</VAR>th word. + +<DT><CODE>^</CODE> +<DD> +The first argument; that is, word 1. + +<DT><CODE>$</CODE> +<DD> +The last argument. + +<DT><CODE>%</CODE> +<DD> +The word matched by the most recent <SAMP>`?<VAR>string</VAR>?'</SAMP> search. + +<DT><CODE><VAR>x</VAR>-<VAR>y</VAR></CODE> +<DD> +A range of words; <SAMP>`-<VAR>y</VAR>'</SAMP> abbreviates <SAMP>`0-<VAR>y</VAR>'</SAMP>. + +<DT><CODE>*</CODE> +<DD> +All of the words, except the <CODE>0</CODE>th. This is a synonym for <SAMP>`1-$'</SAMP>. +It is not an error to use <SAMP>`*'</SAMP> if there is just one word in the event; +the empty string is returned in that case. + +<DT><CODE><VAR>x</VAR>*</CODE> +<DD> +Abbreviates <SAMP>`<VAR>x</VAR>-$'</SAMP> + +<DT><CODE><VAR>x</VAR>-</CODE> +<DD> +Abbreviates <SAMP>`<VAR>x</VAR>-$'</SAMP> like <SAMP>`<VAR>x</VAR>*'</SAMP>, but omits the last word. + +</DL> + +<P> +If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the +previous command is used as the event. + +</P> + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC5" HREF="history.html#TOC5">Modifiers</A></H3> + +<P> +After the optional word designator, you can add a sequence of one or more +of the following modifiers, each preceded by a <SAMP>`:'</SAMP>. + +</P> +<DL COMPACT> + +<DT><CODE>h</CODE> +<DD> +Remove a trailing pathname component, leaving only the head. + +<DT><CODE>t</CODE> +<DD> +Remove all leading pathname components, leaving the tail. + +<DT><CODE>r</CODE> +<DD> +Remove a trailing suffix of the form <SAMP>`.<VAR>suffix</VAR>'</SAMP>, leaving +the basename. + +<DT><CODE>e</CODE> +<DD> +Remove all but the trailing suffix. + +<DT><CODE>p</CODE> +<DD> +Print the new command but do not execute it. + +<DT><CODE>s/<VAR>old</VAR>/<VAR>new</VAR>/</CODE> +<DD> +Substitute <VAR>new</VAR> for the first occurrence of <VAR>old</VAR> in the +event line. Any delimiter may be used in place of <SAMP>`/'</SAMP>. +The delimiter may be quoted in <VAR>old</VAR> and <VAR>new</VAR> +with a single backslash. If <SAMP>`&'</SAMP> appears in <VAR>new</VAR>, +it is replaced by <VAR>old</VAR>. A single backslash will quote +the <SAMP>`&'</SAMP>. The final delimiter is optional if it is the last +character on the input line. + +<DT><CODE>&</CODE> +<DD> +Repeat the previous substitution. + +<DT><CODE>g</CODE> +<DD> +Cause changes to be applied over the entire event line. Used in +conjunction with <SAMP>`s'</SAMP>, as in <CODE>gs/<VAR>old</VAR>/<VAR>new</VAR>/</CODE>, +or with <SAMP>`&'</SAMP>. + +</DL> + + + +<H1><A NAME="SEC6" HREF="history.html#TOC6">Programming with GNU History</A></H1> + +<P> +This chapter describes how to interface programs that you write +with the GNU History Library. +It should be considered a technical guide. +For information on the interactive use of GNU History, see section <A HREF="history.html#SEC1">Using History Interactively</A>. + +</P> + +<UL> +<LI><A HREF="history.html#SEC7">Introduction to History</A>: What is the GNU History library for? +<LI><A HREF="history.html#SEC8">History Storage</A>: How information is stored. +<LI><A HREF="history.html#SEC9">History Functions</A>: Functions that you can use. +<LI><A HREF="history.html#SEC17">History Variables</A>: Variables that control behaviour. +<LI><A HREF="history.html#SEC18">History Programming Example</A>: Example of using the GNU History Library. +</UL> + + + +<H2><A NAME="SEC7" HREF="history.html#TOC7">Introduction to History</A></H2> + +<P> +Many programs read input from the user a line at a time. The GNU +History library is able to keep track of those lines, associate arbitrary +data with each line, and utilize information from previous lines in +composing new ones. + +</P> +<P> +The programmer using the History library has available functions +for remembering lines on a history list, associating arbitrary data +with a line, removing lines from the list, searching through the list +for a line containing an arbitrary text string, and referencing any line +in the list directly. In addition, a history <EM>expansion</EM> function +is available which provides for a consistent user interface across +different programs. + +</P> +<P> +The user using programs written with the History library has the +benefit of a consistent user interface with a set of well-known +commands for manipulating the text of previous lines and using that text +in new commands. The basic history manipulation commands are similar to +the history substitution provided by <CODE>csh</CODE>. + +</P> +<P> +If the programmer desires, he can use the Readline library, which +includes some history manipulation by default, and has the added +advantage of command line editing. + +</P> +<P> +Before declaring any functions using any functionality the History +library provides in other code, an application writer should include +the file <CODE><readline/history.h></CODE> in any file that uses the +History library's features. It supplies extern declarations for all +of the library's public functions and variables, and declares all of +the public data structures. + +</P> + + +<H2><A NAME="SEC8" HREF="history.html#TOC8">History Storage</A></H2> + +<P> +The history list is an array of history entries. A history entry is +declared as follows: + +</P> + +<PRE> +typedef void *histdata_t; + +typedef struct _hist_entry { + char *line; + histdata_t data; +} HIST_ENTRY; +</PRE> + +<P> +The history list itself might therefore be declared as + +</P> + +<PRE> +HIST_ENTRY **the_history_list; +</PRE> + +<P> +The state of the History library is encapsulated into a single structure: + +</P> + +<PRE> +/* A structure used to pass around the current state of the history. */ +typedef struct _hist_state { + HIST_ENTRY **entries; /* Pointer to the entries themselves. */ + int offset; /* The location pointer within this array. */ + int length; /* Number of elements within this array. */ + int size; /* Number of slots allocated to this array. */ + int flags; +} HISTORY_STATE; +</PRE> + +<P> +If the flags member includes <CODE>HS_STIFLED</CODE>, the history has been +stifled. + +</P> + + +<H2><A NAME="SEC9" HREF="history.html#TOC9">History Functions</A></H2> + +<P> +This section describes the calling sequence for the various functions +present in GNU History. + +</P> + +<UL> +<LI><A HREF="history.html#SEC10">Initializing History and State Management</A>: Functions to call when you + want to use history in a + program. +<LI><A HREF="history.html#SEC11">History List Management</A>: Functions used to manage the list + of history entries. +<LI><A HREF="history.html#SEC12">Information About the History List</A>: Functions returning information about + the history list. +<LI><A HREF="history.html#SEC13">Moving Around the History List</A>: Functions used to change the position + in the history list. +<LI><A HREF="history.html#SEC14">Searching the History List</A>: Functions to search the history list + for entries containing a string. +<LI><A HREF="history.html#SEC15">Managing the History File</A>: Functions that read and write a file + containing the history list. +<LI><A HREF="history.html#SEC16">History Expansion</A>: Functions to perform csh-like history + expansion. +</UL> + + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC10" HREF="history.html#TOC10">Initializing History and State Management</A></H3> + +<P> +This section describes functions used to initialize and manage +the state of the History library when you want to use the history +functions in your program. + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> void <B>using_history</B> <I>(void)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX4"></A> +Begin a session in which the history functions might be used. This +initializes the interactive variables. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> HISTORY_STATE * <B>history_get_history_state</B> <I>(void)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX5"></A> +Return a structure describing the current state of the input history. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> void <B>history_set_history_state</B> <I>(HISTORY_STATE *state)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX6"></A> +Set the state of the history list according to <VAR>state</VAR>. +</DL> + +</P> + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC11" HREF="history.html#TOC11">History List Management</A></H3> + +<P> +These functions manage individual entries on the history list, or set +parameters managing the list itself. + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> void <B>add_history</B> <I>(const char *string)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX7"></A> +Place <VAR>string</VAR> at the end of the history list. The associated data +field (if any) is set to <CODE>NULL</CODE>. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> HIST_ENTRY * <B>remove_history</B> <I>(int which)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX8"></A> +Remove history entry at offset <VAR>which</VAR> from the history. The +removed element is returned so you can free the line, data, +and containing structure. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> HIST_ENTRY * <B>replace_history_entry</B> <I>(int which, const char *line, histdata_t data)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX9"></A> +Make the history entry at offset <VAR>which</VAR> have <VAR>line</VAR> and <VAR>data</VAR>. +This returns the old entry so you can dispose of the data. In the case +of an invalid <VAR>which</VAR>, a <CODE>NULL</CODE> pointer is returned. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> void <B>clear_history</B> <I>(void)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX10"></A> +Clear the history list by deleting all the entries. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> void <B>stifle_history</B> <I>(int max)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX11"></A> +Stifle the history list, remembering only the last <VAR>max</VAR> entries. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>unstifle_history</B> <I>(void)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX12"></A> +Stop stifling the history. This returns the previous amount the +history was stifled. The value is positive if the history was +stifled, negative if it wasn't. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>history_is_stifled</B> <I>(void)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX13"></A> +Returns non-zero if the history is stifled, zero if it is not. +</DL> + +</P> + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC12" HREF="history.html#TOC12">Information About the History List</A></H3> + +<P> +These functions return information about the entire history list or +individual list entries. + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> HIST_ENTRY ** <B>history_list</B> <I>(void)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX14"></A> +Return a <CODE>NULL</CODE> terminated array of <CODE>HIST_ENTRY *</CODE> which is the +current input history. Element 0 of this list is the beginning of time. +If there is no history, return <CODE>NULL</CODE>. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>where_history</B> <I>(void)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX15"></A> +Returns the offset of the current history element. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> HIST_ENTRY * <B>current_history</B> <I>(void)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX16"></A> +Return the history entry at the current position, as determined by +<CODE>where_history()</CODE>. If there is no entry there, return a <CODE>NULL</CODE> +pointer. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> HIST_ENTRY * <B>history_get</B> <I>(int offset)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX17"></A> +Return the history entry at position <VAR>offset</VAR>, starting from +<CODE>history_base</CODE> (see section <A HREF="history.html#SEC17">History Variables</A>). +If there is no entry there, or if <VAR>offset</VAR> +is greater than the history length, return a <CODE>NULL</CODE> pointer. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>history_total_bytes</B> <I>(void)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX18"></A> +Return the number of bytes that the primary history entries are using. +This function returns the sum of the lengths of all the lines in the +history. +</DL> + +</P> + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC13" HREF="history.html#TOC13">Moving Around the History List</A></H3> + +<P> +These functions allow the current index into the history list to be +set or changed. + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>history_set_pos</B> <I>(int pos)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX19"></A> +Set the current history offset to <VAR>pos</VAR>, an absolute index +into the list. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> HIST_ENTRY * <B>previous_history</B> <I>(void)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX20"></A> +Back up the current history offset to the previous history entry, and +return a pointer to that entry. If there is no previous entry, return +a <CODE>NULL</CODE> pointer. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> HIST_ENTRY * <B>next_history</B> <I>(void)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX21"></A> +Move the current history offset forward to the next history entry, and +return the a pointer to that entry. If there is no next entry, return +a <CODE>NULL</CODE> pointer. +</DL> + +</P> + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC14" HREF="history.html#TOC14">Searching the History List</A></H3> +<P> +<A NAME="IDX22"></A> + +</P> +<P> +These functions allow searching of the history list for entries containing +a specific string. Searching may be performed both forward and backward +from the current history position. The search may be <EM>anchored</EM>, +meaning that the string must match at the beginning of the history entry. +<A NAME="IDX23"></A> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>history_search</B> <I>(const char *string, int direction)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX24"></A> +Search the history for <VAR>string</VAR>, starting at the current history offset. +If <VAR>direction</VAR> is less than 0, then the search is through +previous entries, otherwise through subsequent entries. +If <VAR>string</VAR> is found, then +the current history index is set to that history entry, and the value +returned is the offset in the line of the entry where +<VAR>string</VAR> was found. Otherwise, nothing is changed, and a -1 is +returned. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>history_search_prefix</B> <I>(const char *string, int direction)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX25"></A> +Search the history for <VAR>string</VAR>, starting at the current history +offset. The search is anchored: matching lines must begin with +<VAR>string</VAR>. If <VAR>direction</VAR> is less than 0, then the search is +through previous entries, otherwise through subsequent entries. +If <VAR>string</VAR> is found, then the +current history index is set to that entry, and the return value is 0. +Otherwise, nothing is changed, and a -1 is returned. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>history_search_pos</B> <I>(const char *string, int direction, int pos)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX26"></A> +Search for <VAR>string</VAR> in the history list, starting at <VAR>pos</VAR>, an +absolute index into the list. If <VAR>direction</VAR> is negative, the search +proceeds backward from <VAR>pos</VAR>, otherwise forward. Returns the absolute +index of the history element where <VAR>string</VAR> was found, or -1 otherwise. +</DL> + +</P> + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC15" HREF="history.html#TOC15">Managing the History File</A></H3> + +<P> +The History library can read the history from and write it to a file. +This section documents the functions for managing a history file. + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>read_history</B> <I>(const char *filename)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX27"></A> +Add the contents of <VAR>filename</VAR> to the history list, a line at a time. +If <VAR>filename</VAR> is <CODE>NULL</CODE>, then read from <TT>`~/.history'</TT>. +Returns 0 if successful, or <CODE>errno</CODE> if not. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>read_history_range</B> <I>(const char *filename, int from, int to)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX28"></A> +Read a range of lines from <VAR>filename</VAR>, adding them to the history list. +Start reading at line <VAR>from</VAR> and end at <VAR>to</VAR>. +If <VAR>from</VAR> is zero, start at the beginning. If <VAR>to</VAR> is less than +<VAR>from</VAR>, then read until the end of the file. If <VAR>filename</VAR> is +<CODE>NULL</CODE>, then read from <TT>`~/.history'</TT>. Returns 0 if successful, +or <CODE>errno</CODE> if not. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>write_history</B> <I>(const char *filename)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX29"></A> +Write the current history to <VAR>filename</VAR>, overwriting <VAR>filename</VAR> +if necessary. +If <VAR>filename</VAR> is <CODE>NULL</CODE>, then write the history list to <TT>`~/.history'</TT>. +Values returned are as in <CODE>read_history()</CODE>. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>append_history</B> <I>(int nelements, const char *filename)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX30"></A> +Append the last <VAR>nelements</VAR> of the history list to <VAR>filename</VAR>. +If <VAR>filename</VAR> is <CODE>NULL</CODE>, then append to <TT>`~/.history'</TT>. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>history_truncate_file</B> <I>(const char *filename, int nlines)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX31"></A> +Truncate the history file <VAR>filename</VAR>, leaving only the last +<VAR>nlines</VAR> lines. +If <VAR>filename</VAR> is <CODE>NULL</CODE>, then <TT>`~/.history'</TT> is truncated. +</DL> + +</P> + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC16" HREF="history.html#TOC16">History Expansion</A></H3> + +<P> +These functions implement <CODE>csh</CODE>-like history expansion. + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>history_expand</B> <I>(char *string, char **output)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX32"></A> +Expand <VAR>string</VAR>, placing the result into <VAR>output</VAR>, a pointer +to a string (see section <A HREF="history.html#SEC2">History Expansion</A>). Returns: +<DL COMPACT> + +<DT><CODE>0</CODE> +<DD> +If no expansions took place (or, if the only change in +the text was the removal of escape characters preceding the history expansion +character); +<DT><CODE>1</CODE> +<DD> +if expansions did take place; +<DT><CODE>-1</CODE> +<DD> +if there was an error in expansion; +<DT><CODE>2</CODE> +<DD> +if the returned line should be displayed, but not executed, +as with the <CODE>:p</CODE> modifier (see section <A HREF="history.html#SEC5">Modifiers</A>). +</DL> + +<P> +If an error ocurred in expansion, then <VAR>output</VAR> contains a descriptive +error message. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> char * <B>history_arg_extract</B> <I>(int first, int last, const char *string)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX33"></A> +Extract a string segment consisting of the <VAR>first</VAR> through <VAR>last</VAR> +arguments present in <VAR>string</VAR>. Arguments are split as in Bash. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> char * <B>get_history_event</B> <I>(const char *string, int *cindex, int qchar)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX34"></A> +Returns the text of the history event beginning at <VAR>string</VAR> + +<VAR>*cindex</VAR>. <VAR>*cindex</VAR> is modified to point to after the event +specifier. At function entry, <VAR>cindex</VAR> points to the index into +<VAR>string</VAR> where the history event specification begins. <VAR>qchar</VAR> +is a character that is allowed to end the event specification in addition +to the "normal" terminating characters. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> char ** <B>history_tokenize</B> <I>(const char *string)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX35"></A> +Return an array of tokens parsed out of <VAR>string</VAR>, much as the +shell might. The tokens are split on the characters <CODE>" \t\n()<>;&|$"</CODE>, +and shell quoting conventions are obeyed. +</DL> + +</P> + + +<H2><A NAME="SEC17" HREF="history.html#TOC17">History Variables</A></H2> + +<P> +This section describes the externally-visible variables exported by +the GNU History Library. + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> int <B>history_base</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX36"></A> +The logical offset of the first entry in the history list. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> int <B>history_length</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX37"></A> +The number of entries currently stored in the history list. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> int <B>max_input_history</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX38"></A> +The maximum number of history entries. This must be changed using +<CODE>stifle_history()</CODE>. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> char <B>history_expansion_char</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX39"></A> +The character that starts a history event. The default is <SAMP>`!'</SAMP>. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> char <B>history_subst_char</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX40"></A> +The character that invokes word substitution if found at the start of +a line. The default is <SAMP>`^'</SAMP>. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> char <B>history_comment_char</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX41"></A> +During tokenization, if this character is seen as the first character +of a word, then it and all subsequent characters up to a newline are +ignored, suppressing history expansion for the remainder of the line. +This is disabled by default. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> char * <B>history_no_expand_chars</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX42"></A> +The list of characters which inhibit history expansion if found immediately +following <VAR>history_expansion_char</VAR>. The default is space, TAB, and +<SAMP>`='</SAMP>. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> char * <B>history_search_delimiter_chars</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX43"></A> +The list of additional characters which can delimit a history search +string, in addition to space, TAB, <SAMP>`:'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`?'</SAMP> in the case of +a substring search. The default is empty. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> int <B>history_quotes_inhibit_expansion</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX44"></A> +If non-zero, single-quoted words are not scanned for the history expansion +character. The default value is 0. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> rl_linebuf_func_t * <B>history_inhibit_expansion_function</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX45"></A> +This should be set to the address of a function that takes two arguments: +a <CODE>char *</CODE> (<VAR>string</VAR>) +and an <CODE>int</CODE> index into that string (<VAR>i</VAR>). +It should return a non-zero value if the history expansion starting at +<VAR>string[i]</VAR> should not be performed; zero if the expansion should +be done. +It is intended for use by applications like Bash that use the history +expansion character for additional purposes. +By default, this variable is set to <CODE>NULL</CODE>. +</DL> + +</P> + + +<H2><A NAME="SEC18" HREF="history.html#TOC18">History Programming Example</A></H2> + +<P> +The following program demonstrates simple use of the GNU History Library. + +</P> + +<PRE> +#include <stdio.h> +#include <readline/history.h> + +main (argc, argv) + int argc; + char **argv; +{ + char line[1024], *t; + int len, done = 0; + + line[0] = 0; + + using_history (); + while (!done) + { + printf ("history$ "); + fflush (stdout); + t = fgets (line, sizeof (line) - 1, stdin); + if (t && *t) + { + len = strlen (t); + if (t[len - 1] == '\n') + t[len - 1] = '\0'; + } + + if (!t) + strcpy (line, "quit"); + + if (line[0]) + { + char *expansion; + int result; + + result = history_expand (line, &expansion); + if (result) + fprintf (stderr, "%s\n", expansion); + + if (result < 0 || result == 2) + { + free (expansion); + continue; + } + + add_history (expansion); + strncpy (line, expansion, sizeof (line) - 1); + free (expansion); + } + + if (strcmp (line, "quit") == 0) + done = 1; + else if (strcmp (line, "save") == 0) + write_history ("history_file"); + else if (strcmp (line, "read") == 0) + read_history ("history_file"); + else if (strcmp (line, "list") == 0) + { + register HIST_ENTRY **the_list; + register int i; + + the_list = history_list (); + if (the_list) + for (i = 0; the_list[i]; i++) + printf ("%d: %s\n", i + history_base, the_list[i]->line); + } + else if (strncmp (line, "delete", 6) == 0) + { + int which; + if ((sscanf (line + 6, "%d", &which)) == 1) + { + HIST_ENTRY *entry = remove_history (which); + if (!entry) + fprintf (stderr, "No such entry %d\n", which); + else + { + free (entry->line); + free (entry); + } + } + else + { + fprintf (stderr, "non-numeric arg given to `delete'\n"); + } + } + } +} +</PRE> + + + +<H1><A NAME="SEC19" HREF="history.html#TOC19">Concept Index</A></H1> +<P> +Jump to: +<A HREF="#cindex_a">a</A> +- +<A HREF="#cindex_e">e</A> +- +<A HREF="#cindex_h">h</A> +<P> +<H2><A NAME="cindex_a">a</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="history.html#IDX23">anchored search</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="cindex_e">e</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="history.html#IDX2">event designators</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="cindex_h">h</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="history.html#IDX3">history events</A> +<LI><A HREF="history.html#IDX1">history expansion</A> +<LI><A HREF="history.html#IDX22">History Searching</A> +</DIR> + +</P> + + +<H1><A NAME="SEC20" HREF="history.html#TOC20">Function and Variable Index</A></H1> +<P> +Jump to: +<A HREF="#vindex_a">a</A> +- +<A HREF="#vindex_c">c</A> +- +<A HREF="#vindex_g">g</A> +- +<A HREF="#vindex_h">h</A> +- +<A HREF="#vindex_m">m</A> +- +<A HREF="#vindex_n">n</A> +- +<A HREF="#vindex_p">p</A> +- +<A HREF="#vindex_r">r</A> +- +<A HREF="#vindex_s">s</A> +- +<A HREF="#vindex_u">u</A> +- +<A HREF="#vindex_w">w</A> +<P> +<H2><A NAME="vindex_a">a</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="history.html#IDX7">add_history</A> +<LI><A HREF="history.html#IDX30">append_history</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="vindex_c">c</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="history.html#IDX10">clear_history</A> +<LI><A HREF="history.html#IDX16">current_history</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="vindex_g">g</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="history.html#IDX34">get_history_event</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="vindex_h">h</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="history.html#IDX33">history_arg_extract</A> +<LI><A HREF="history.html#IDX36">history_base</A> +<LI><A HREF="history.html#IDX41">history_comment_char</A> +<LI><A HREF="history.html#IDX32">history_expand</A> +<LI><A HREF="history.html#IDX39">history_expansion_char</A> +<LI><A HREF="history.html#IDX17">history_get</A> +<LI><A HREF="history.html#IDX5">history_get_history_state</A> +<LI><A HREF="history.html#IDX45">history_inhibit_expansion_function</A> +<LI><A HREF="history.html#IDX13">history_is_stifled</A> +<LI><A HREF="history.html#IDX37">history_length</A> +<LI><A HREF="history.html#IDX14">history_list</A> +<LI><A HREF="history.html#IDX42">history_no_expand_chars</A> +<LI><A HREF="history.html#IDX44">history_quotes_inhibit_expansion</A> +<LI><A HREF="history.html#IDX24">history_search</A> +<LI><A HREF="history.html#IDX43">history_search_delimiter_chars</A> +<LI><A HREF="history.html#IDX26">history_search_pos</A> +<LI><A HREF="history.html#IDX25">history_search_prefix</A> +<LI><A HREF="history.html#IDX6">history_set_history_state</A> +<LI><A HREF="history.html#IDX19">history_set_pos</A> +<LI><A HREF="history.html#IDX40">history_subst_char</A> +<LI><A HREF="history.html#IDX35">history_tokenize</A> +<LI><A HREF="history.html#IDX18">history_total_bytes</A> +<LI><A HREF="history.html#IDX31">history_truncate_file</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="vindex_m">m</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="history.html#IDX38">max_input_history</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="vindex_n">n</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="history.html#IDX21">next_history</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="vindex_p">p</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="history.html#IDX20">previous_history</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="vindex_r">r</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="history.html#IDX27">read_history</A> +<LI><A HREF="history.html#IDX28">read_history_range</A> +<LI><A HREF="history.html#IDX8">remove_history</A> +<LI><A HREF="history.html#IDX9">replace_history_entry</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="vindex_s">s</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="history.html#IDX11">stifle_history</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="vindex_u">u</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="history.html#IDX12">unstifle_history</A> +<LI><A HREF="history.html#IDX4">using_history</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="vindex_w">w</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="history.html#IDX15">where_history</A> +<LI><A HREF="history.html#IDX29">write_history</A> +</DIR> + +</P> +<P><HR><P> +This document was generated on 5 Febuary 2001 using the +<A HREF="http://wwwinfo.cern.ch/dis/texi2html/">texi2html</A> +translator version 1.52.</P> +</BODY> +</HTML>
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000 +++ b/readline/doc/history.info Sat Feb 10 05:13:25 2001 +0000 @@ -0,0 +1,825 @@ +This is history.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.0 from +/usr/homes/chet/src/bash/readline-src/doc/hist.texinfo. + +INFO-DIR-SECTION Libraries +START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY +* History: (history). The GNU history library API +END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY + + This document describes the GNU History library, a programming tool +that provides a consistent user interface for recalling lines of +previously typed input. + + Copyright (C) 1988-2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + + Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this +manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice pare +preserved on all copies. + + Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of +this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that +the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a +permission notice identical to this one. + + Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this +manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified +versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a +translation approved by the Free Software Foundation. + + +File: history.info, Node: Top, Next: Using History Interactively, Up: (dir) + +GNU History Library +******************* + + This document describes the GNU History library, a programming tool +that provides a consistent user interface for recalling lines of +previously typed input. + +* Menu: + +* Using History Interactively:: GNU History User's Manual. +* Programming with GNU History:: GNU History Programmer's Manual. +* Concept Index:: Index of concepts described in this manual. +* Function and Variable Index:: Index of externally visible functions + and variables. + + +File: history.info, Node: Using History Interactively, Next: Programming with GNU History, Prev: Top, Up: Top + +Using History Interactively +*************************** + + This chapter describes how to use the GNU History Library +interactively, from a user's standpoint. It should be considered a +user's guide. For information on using the GNU History Library in your +own programs, *note Programming with GNU History::. + +* Menu: + +* History Interaction:: What it feels like using History as a user. + + +File: history.info, Node: History Interaction, Up: Using History Interactively + +History Expansion +================= + + The History library provides a history expansion feature that is +similar to the history expansion provided by `csh'. This section +describes the syntax used to manipulate the history information. + + History expansions introduce words from the history list into the +input stream, making it easy to repeat commands, insert the arguments +to a previous command into the current input line, or fix errors in +previous commands quickly. + + History expansion takes place in two parts. The first is to +determine which line from the history list should be used during +substitution. The second is to select portions of that line for +inclusion into the current one. The line selected from the history is +called the "event", and the portions of that line that are acted upon +are called "words". Various "modifiers" are available to manipulate +the selected words. The line is broken into words in the same fashion +that Bash does, so that several words surrounded by quotes are +considered one word. History expansions are introduced by the +appearance of the history expansion character, which is `!' by default. + +* Menu: + +* Event Designators:: How to specify which history line to use. +* Word Designators:: Specifying which words are of interest. +* Modifiers:: Modifying the results of substitution. + + +File: history.info, Node: Event Designators, Next: Word Designators, Up: History Interaction + +Event Designators +----------------- + + An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the +history list. + +`!' + Start a history substitution, except when followed by a space, tab, + the end of the line, `=' or `('. + +`!N' + Refer to command line N. + +`!-N' + Refer to the command N lines back. + +`!!' + Refer to the previous command. This is a synonym for `!-1'. + +`!STRING' + Refer to the most recent command starting with STRING. + +`!?STRING[?]' + Refer to the most recent command containing STRING. The trailing + `?' may be omitted if the STRING is followed immediately by a + newline. + +`^STRING1^STRING2^' + Quick Substitution. Repeat the last command, replacing STRING1 + with STRING2. Equivalent to `!!:s/STRING1/STRING2/'. + +`!#' + The entire command line typed so far. + + +File: history.info, Node: Word Designators, Next: Modifiers, Prev: Event Designators, Up: History Interaction + +Word Designators +---------------- + + Word designators are used to select desired words from the event. A +`:' separates the event specification from the word designator. It may +be omitted if the word designator begins with a `^', `$', `*', `-', or +`%'. Words are numbered from the beginning of the line, with the first +word being denoted by 0 (zero). Words are inserted into the current +line separated by single spaces. + + For example, + +`!!' + designates the preceding command. When you type this, the + preceding command is repeated in toto. + +`!!:$' + designates the last argument of the preceding command. This may be + shortened to `!$'. + +`!fi:2' + designates the second argument of the most recent command starting + with the letters `fi'. + + Here are the word designators: + +`0 (zero)' + The `0'th word. For many applications, this is the command word. + +`N' + The Nth word. + +`^' + The first argument; that is, word 1. + +`$' + The last argument. + +`%' + The word matched by the most recent `?STRING?' search. + +`X-Y' + A range of words; `-Y' abbreviates `0-Y'. + +`*' + All of the words, except the `0'th. This is a synonym for `1-$'. + It is not an error to use `*' if there is just one word in the + event; the empty string is returned in that case. + +`X*' + Abbreviates `X-$' + +`X-' + Abbreviates `X-$' like `X*', but omits the last word. + + If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the +previous command is used as the event. + + +File: history.info, Node: Modifiers, Prev: Word Designators, Up: History Interaction + +Modifiers +--------- + + After the optional word designator, you can add a sequence of one or +more of the following modifiers, each preceded by a `:'. + +`h' + Remove a trailing pathname component, leaving only the head. + +`t' + Remove all leading pathname components, leaving the tail. + +`r' + Remove a trailing suffix of the form `.SUFFIX', leaving the + basename. + +`e' + Remove all but the trailing suffix. + +`p' + Print the new command but do not execute it. + +`s/OLD/NEW/' + Substitute NEW for the first occurrence of OLD in the event line. + Any delimiter may be used in place of `/'. The delimiter may be + quoted in OLD and NEW with a single backslash. If `&' appears in + NEW, it is replaced by OLD. A single backslash will quote the + `&'. The final delimiter is optional if it is the last character + on the input line. + +`&' + Repeat the previous substitution. + +`g' + Cause changes to be applied over the entire event line. Used in + conjunction with `s', as in `gs/OLD/NEW/', or with `&'. + + +File: history.info, Node: Programming with GNU History, Next: Concept Index, Prev: Using History Interactively, Up: Top + +Programming with GNU History +**************************** + + This chapter describes how to interface programs that you write with +the GNU History Library. It should be considered a technical guide. +For information on the interactive use of GNU History, *note Using +History Interactively::. + +* Menu: + +* Introduction to History:: What is the GNU History library for? +* History Storage:: How information is stored. +* History Functions:: Functions that you can use. +* History Variables:: Variables that control behaviour. +* History Programming Example:: Example of using the GNU History Library. + + +File: history.info, Node: Introduction to History, Next: History Storage, Up: Programming with GNU History + +Introduction to History +======================= + + Many programs read input from the user a line at a time. The GNU +History library is able to keep track of those lines, associate +arbitrary data with each line, and utilize information from previous +lines in composing new ones. + + The programmer using the History library has available functions for +remembering lines on a history list, associating arbitrary data with a +line, removing lines from the list, searching through the list for a +line containing an arbitrary text string, and referencing any line in +the list directly. In addition, a history "expansion" function is +available which provides for a consistent user interface across +different programs. + + The user using programs written with the History library has the +benefit of a consistent user interface with a set of well-known +commands for manipulating the text of previous lines and using that text +in new commands. The basic history manipulation commands are similar to +the history substitution provided by `csh'. + + If the programmer desires, he can use the Readline library, which +includes some history manipulation by default, and has the added +advantage of command line editing. + + Before declaring any functions using any functionality the History +library provides in other code, an application writer should include +the file `<readline/history.h>' in any file that uses the History +library's features. It supplies extern declarations for all of the +library's public functions and variables, and declares all of the +public data structures. + + +File: history.info, Node: History Storage, Next: History Functions, Prev: Introduction to History, Up: Programming with GNU History + +History Storage +=============== + + The history list is an array of history entries. A history entry is +declared as follows: + + typedef void *histdata_t; + + typedef struct _hist_entry { + char *line; + histdata_t data; + } HIST_ENTRY; + + The history list itself might therefore be declared as + + HIST_ENTRY **the_history_list; + + The state of the History library is encapsulated into a single +structure: + + /* A structure used to pass around the current state of the history. */ + typedef struct _hist_state { + HIST_ENTRY **entries; /* Pointer to the entries themselves. */ + int offset; /* The location pointer within this array. */ + int length; /* Number of elements within this array. */ + int size; /* Number of slots allocated to this array. */ + int flags; + } HISTORY_STATE; + + If the flags member includes `HS_STIFLED', the history has been +stifled. + + +File: history.info, Node: History Functions, Next: History Variables, Prev: History Storage, Up: Programming with GNU History + +History Functions +================= + + This section describes the calling sequence for the various functions +present in GNU History. + +* Menu: + +* Initializing History and State Management:: Functions to call when you + want to use history in a + program. +* History List Management:: Functions used to manage the list + of history entries. +* Information About the History List:: Functions returning information about + the history list. +* Moving Around the History List:: Functions used to change the position + in the history list. +* Searching the History List:: Functions to search the history list + for entries containing a string. +* Managing the History File:: Functions that read and write a file + containing the history list. +* History Expansion:: Functions to perform csh-like history + expansion. + + +File: history.info, Node: Initializing History and State Management, Next: History List Management, Up: History Functions + +Initializing History and State Management +----------------------------------------- + + This section describes functions used to initialize and manage the +state of the History library when you want to use the history functions +in your program. + + - Function: void using_history (void) + Begin a session in which the history functions might be used. This + initializes the interactive variables. + + - Function: HISTORY_STATE * history_get_history_state (void) + Return a structure describing the current state of the input + history. + + - Function: void history_set_history_state (HISTORY_STATE *state) + Set the state of the history list according to STATE. + + +File: history.info, Node: History List Management, Next: Information About the History List, Prev: Initializing History and State Management, Up: History Functions + +History List Management +----------------------- + + These functions manage individual entries on the history list, or set +parameters managing the list itself. + + - Function: void add_history (const char *string) + Place STRING at the end of the history list. The associated data + field (if any) is set to `NULL'. + + - Function: HIST_ENTRY * remove_history (int which) + Remove history entry at offset WHICH from the history. The + removed element is returned so you can free the line, data, and + containing structure. + + - Function: HIST_ENTRY * replace_history_entry (int which, const char + *line, histdata_t data) + Make the history entry at offset WHICH have LINE and DATA. This + returns the old entry so you can dispose of the data. In the case + of an invalid WHICH, a `NULL' pointer is returned. + + - Function: void clear_history (void) + Clear the history list by deleting all the entries. + + - Function: void stifle_history (int max) + Stifle the history list, remembering only the last MAX entries. + + - Function: int unstifle_history (void) + Stop stifling the history. This returns the previous amount the + history was stifled. The value is positive if the history was + stifled, negative if it wasn't. + + - Function: int history_is_stifled (void) + Returns non-zero if the history is stifled, zero if it is not. + + +File: history.info, Node: Information About the History List, Next: Moving Around the History List, Prev: History List Management, Up: History Functions + +Information About the History List +---------------------------------- + + These functions return information about the entire history list or +individual list entries. + + - Function: HIST_ENTRY ** history_list (void) + Return a `NULL' terminated array of `HIST_ENTRY *' which is the + current input history. Element 0 of this list is the beginning of + time. If there is no history, return `NULL'. + + - Function: int where_history (void) + Returns the offset of the current history element. + + - Function: HIST_ENTRY * current_history (void) + Return the history entry at the current position, as determined by + `where_history()'. If there is no entry there, return a `NULL' + pointer. + + - Function: HIST_ENTRY * history_get (int offset) + Return the history entry at position OFFSET, starting from + `history_base' (*note History Variables::). If there is no entry + there, or if OFFSET is greater than the history length, return a + `NULL' pointer. + + - Function: int history_total_bytes (void) + Return the number of bytes that the primary history entries are + using. This function returns the sum of the lengths of all the + lines in the history. + + +File: history.info, Node: Moving Around the History List, Next: Searching the History List, Prev: Information About the History List, Up: History Functions + +Moving Around the History List +------------------------------ + + These functions allow the current index into the history list to be +set or changed. + + - Function: int history_set_pos (int pos) + Set the current history offset to POS, an absolute index into the + list. + + - Function: HIST_ENTRY * previous_history (void) + Back up the current history offset to the previous history entry, + and return a pointer to that entry. If there is no previous + entry, return a `NULL' pointer. + + - Function: HIST_ENTRY * next_history (void) + Move the current history offset forward to the next history entry, + and return the a pointer to that entry. If there is no next + entry, return a `NULL' pointer. + + +File: history.info, Node: Searching the History List, Next: Managing the History File, Prev: Moving Around the History List, Up: History Functions + +Searching the History List +-------------------------- + + These functions allow searching of the history list for entries +containing a specific string. Searching may be performed both forward +and backward from the current history position. The search may be +"anchored", meaning that the string must match at the beginning of the +history entry. + + - Function: int history_search (const char *string, int direction) + Search the history for STRING, starting at the current history + offset. If DIRECTION is less than 0, then the search is through + previous entries, otherwise through subsequent entries. If STRING + is found, then the current history index is set to that history + entry, and the value returned is the offset in the line of the + entry where STRING was found. Otherwise, nothing is changed, and + a -1 is returned. + + - Function: int history_search_prefix (const char *string, int + direction) + Search the history for STRING, starting at the current history + offset. The search is anchored: matching lines must begin with + STRING. If DIRECTION is less than 0, then the search is through + previous entries, otherwise through subsequent entries. If STRING + is found, then the current history index is set to that entry, and + the return value is 0. Otherwise, nothing is changed, and a -1 is + returned. + + - Function: int history_search_pos (const char *string, int direction, + int pos) + Search for STRING in the history list, starting at POS, an + absolute index into the list. If DIRECTION is negative, the search + proceeds backward from POS, otherwise forward. Returns the + absolute index of the history element where STRING was found, or + -1 otherwise. + + +File: history.info, Node: Managing the History File, Next: History Expansion, Prev: Searching the History List, Up: History Functions + +Managing the History File +------------------------- + + The History library can read the history from and write it to a file. +This section documents the functions for managing a history file. + + - Function: int read_history (const char *filename) + Add the contents of FILENAME to the history list, a line at a time. + If FILENAME is `NULL', then read from `~/.history'. Returns 0 if + successful, or `errno' if not. + + - Function: int read_history_range (const char *filename, int from, + int to) + Read a range of lines from FILENAME, adding them to the history + list. Start reading at line FROM and end at TO. If FROM is zero, + start at the beginning. If TO is less than FROM, then read until + the end of the file. If FILENAME is `NULL', then read from + `~/.history'. Returns 0 if successful, or `errno' if not. + + - Function: int write_history (const char *filename) + Write the current history to FILENAME, overwriting FILENAME if + necessary. If FILENAME is `NULL', then write the history list to + `~/.history'. Values returned are as in `read_history()'. + + - Function: int append_history (int nelements, const char *filename) + Append the last NELEMENTS of the history list to FILENAME. If + FILENAME is `NULL', then append to `~/.history'. + + - Function: int history_truncate_file (const char *filename, int + nlines) + Truncate the history file FILENAME, leaving only the last NLINES + lines. If FILENAME is `NULL', then `~/.history' is truncated. + + +File: history.info, Node: History Expansion, Prev: Managing the History File, Up: History Functions + +History Expansion +----------------- + + These functions implement `csh'-like history expansion. + + - Function: int history_expand (char *string, char **output) + Expand STRING, placing the result into OUTPUT, a pointer to a + string (*note History Interaction::). Returns: + `0' + If no expansions took place (or, if the only change in the + text was the removal of escape characters preceding the + history expansion character); + + `1' + if expansions did take place; + + `-1' + if there was an error in expansion; + + `2' + if the returned line should be displayed, but not executed, + as with the `:p' modifier (*note Modifiers::). + + If an error ocurred in expansion, then OUTPUT contains a + descriptive error message. + + - Function: char * history_arg_extract (int first, int last, const + char *string) + Extract a string segment consisting of the FIRST through LAST + arguments present in STRING. Arguments are split as in Bash. + + - Function: char * get_history_event (const char *string, int *cindex, + int qchar) + Returns the text of the history event beginning at STRING + + *CINDEX. *CINDEX is modified to point to after the event + specifier. At function entry, CINDEX points to the index into + STRING where the history event specification begins. QCHAR is a + character that is allowed to end the event specification in + addition to the "normal" terminating characters. + + - Function: char ** history_tokenize (const char *string) + Return an array of tokens parsed out of STRING, much as the shell + might. The tokens are split on the characters `" \t\n()<>;&|$"', + and shell quoting conventions are obeyed. + + +File: history.info, Node: History Variables, Next: History Programming Example, Prev: History Functions, Up: Programming with GNU History + +History Variables +================= + + This section describes the externally-visible variables exported by +the GNU History Library. + + - Variable: int history_base + The logical offset of the first entry in the history list. + + - Variable: int history_length + The number of entries currently stored in the history list. + + - Variable: int max_input_history + The maximum number of history entries. This must be changed using + `stifle_history()'. + + - Variable: char history_expansion_char + The character that starts a history event. The default is `!'. + + - Variable: char history_subst_char + The character that invokes word substitution if found at the start + of a line. The default is `^'. + + - Variable: char history_comment_char + During tokenization, if this character is seen as the first + character of a word, then it and all subsequent characters up to a + newline are ignored, suppressing history expansion for the + remainder of the line. This is disabled by default. + + - Variable: char * history_no_expand_chars + The list of characters which inhibit history expansion if found + immediately following HISTORY_EXPANSION_CHAR. The default is + space, TAB, and `='. + + - Variable: char * history_search_delimiter_chars + The list of additional characters which can delimit a history + search string, in addition to space, TAB, `:' and `?' in the case + of a substring search. The default is empty. + + - Variable: int history_quotes_inhibit_expansion + If non-zero, single-quoted words are not scanned for the history + expansion character. The default value is 0. + + - Variable: rl_linebuf_func_t * history_inhibit_expansion_function + This should be set to the address of a function that takes two + arguments: a `char *' (STRING) and an `int' index into that string + (I). It should return a non-zero value if the history expansion + starting at STRING[I] should not be performed; zero if the + expansion should be done. It is intended for use by applications + like Bash that use the history expansion character for additional + purposes. By default, this variable is set to `NULL'. + + +File: history.info, Node: History Programming Example, Prev: History Variables, Up: Programming with GNU History + +History Programming Example +=========================== + + The following program demonstrates simple use of the GNU History +Library. + + #include <stdio.h> + #include <readline/history.h> + + main (argc, argv) + int argc; + char **argv; + { + char line[1024], *t; + int len, done = 0; + + line[0] = 0; + + using_history (); + while (!done) + { + printf ("history$ "); + fflush (stdout); + t = fgets (line, sizeof (line) - 1, stdin); + if (t && *t) + { + len = strlen (t); + if (t[len - 1] == '\n') + t[len - 1] = '\0'; + } + + if (!t) + strcpy (line, "quit"); + + if (line[0]) + { + char *expansion; + int result; + + result = history_expand (line, &expansion); + if (result) + fprintf (stderr, "%s\n", expansion); + + if (result < 0 || result == 2) + { + free (expansion); + continue; + } + + add_history (expansion); + strncpy (line, expansion, sizeof (line) - 1); + free (expansion); + } + + if (strcmp (line, "quit") == 0) + done = 1; + else if (strcmp (line, "save") == 0) + write_history ("history_file"); + else if (strcmp (line, "read") == 0) + read_history ("history_file"); + else if (strcmp (line, "list") == 0) + { + register HIST_ENTRY **the_list; + register int i; + + the_list = history_list (); + if (the_list) + for (i = 0; the_list[i]; i++) + printf ("%d: %s\n", i + history_base, the_list[i]->line); + } + else if (strncmp (line, "delete", 6) == 0) + { + int which; + if ((sscanf (line + 6, "%d", &which)) == 1) + { + HIST_ENTRY *entry = remove_history (which); + if (!entry) + fprintf (stderr, "No such entry %d\n", which); + else + { + free (entry->line); + free (entry); + } + } + else + { + fprintf (stderr, "non-numeric arg given to `delete'\n"); + } + } + } + } + + +File: history.info, Node: Concept Index, Next: Function and Variable Index, Prev: Programming with GNU History, Up: Top + +Concept Index +************* + +* Menu: + +* anchored search: Searching the History List. +* event designators: Event Designators. +* history events: Event Designators. +* history expansion: History Interaction. +* History Searching: Searching the History List. + + +File: history.info, Node: Function and Variable Index, Prev: Concept Index, Up: Top + +Function and Variable Index +*************************** + +* Menu: + +* add_history: History List Management. +* append_history: Managing the History File. +* clear_history: History List Management. +* current_history: Information About the History List. +* get_history_event: History Expansion. +* history_arg_extract: History Expansion. +* history_base: History Variables. +* history_comment_char: History Variables. +* history_expand: History Expansion. +* history_expansion_char: History Variables. +* history_get: Information About the History List. +* history_get_history_state: Initializing History and State Management. +* history_inhibit_expansion_function: History Variables. +* history_is_stifled: History List Management. +* history_length: History Variables. +* history_list: Information About the History List. +* history_no_expand_chars: History Variables. +* history_quotes_inhibit_expansion: History Variables. +* history_search: Searching the History List. +* history_search_delimiter_chars: History Variables. +* history_search_pos: Searching the History List. +* history_search_prefix: Searching the History List. +* history_set_history_state: Initializing History and State Management. +* history_set_pos: Moving Around the History List. +* history_subst_char: History Variables. +* history_tokenize: History Expansion. +* history_total_bytes: Information About the History List. +* history_truncate_file: Managing the History File. +* max_input_history: History Variables. +* next_history: Moving Around the History List. +* previous_history: Moving Around the History List. +* read_history: Managing the History File. +* read_history_range: Managing the History File. +* remove_history: History List Management. +* replace_history_entry: History List Management. +* stifle_history: History List Management. +* unstifle_history: History List Management. +* using_history: Initializing History and State Management. +* where_history: Information About the History List. +* write_history: Managing the History File. + + + +Tag Table: +Node: Top1136 +Node: Using History Interactively1716 +Node: History Interaction2223 +Node: Event Designators3642 +Node: Word Designators4569 +Node: Modifiers6198 +Node: Programming with GNU History7336 +Node: Introduction to History8061 +Node: History Storage9746 +Node: History Functions10843 +Node: Initializing History and State Management11814 +Node: History List Management12614 +Node: Information About the History List14164 +Node: Moving Around the History List15520 +Node: Searching the History List16407 +Node: Managing the History File18325 +Node: History Expansion19996 +Node: History Variables21856 +Node: History Programming Example24183 +Node: Concept Index26905 +Node: Function and Variable Index27391 + +End Tag Table
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+g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g +(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)21 b Fe(8)75 1684 y Fc(history_se)o(ar)o +(ch_)o(de)o(lim)o(ite)o(r_)o(cha)o(rs)5 b Fd(.)s(.)h(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.) +g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)18 b Fe(10)75 1729 y Fc(history_se)o(ar)o(ch_)o(po) +o(s)6 b Fd(.)s(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g +(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)18 b Fe(8)75 +1775 y Fc(history_se)o(ar)o(ch_)o(pr)o(efi)o(x)s Fd(.)t(.)6 +b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g +(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)16 b Fe(8)75 1821 y Fc(history_se)o(t_)o(his)o(to)o(ry_) +o(sta)o(te)6 b Fd(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g +(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)22 b Fe(6)75 1867 y Fc(history_se)o(t_)o(pos)7 +b Fd(.)s(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.) +f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)20 b +Fe(7)75 1912 y Fc(history_su)o(bs)o(t_c)o(ha)o(r)5 b +Fd(.)s(.)i(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g +(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)18 b Fe(10)75 1958 y Fc(history_to)o(ke) +o(niz)o(e)7 b Fd(.)s(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.) +g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)20 +b Fe(9)1012 321 y Fc(history_tot)o(al)o(_by)o(te)o(s)5 +b Fd(.)s(.)h(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.) +f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)18 b Fe(7)1012 367 y +Fc(history_tru)o(nc)o(ate)o(_f)o(ile)s Fd(.)s(.)6 b(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g +(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)17 +b Fe(9)1012 500 y Fn(M)1012 562 y Fc(max_input_h)o(is)o(tor)o(y)6 +b Fd(.)s(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) +g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)19 b Fe(10)1012 694 +y Fn(N)1012 756 y Fc(next_histor)o(y)7 b Fd(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g +(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) +g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)23 b Fe(7)1012 888 y Fn(P)1012 +950 y Fc(previous_hi)o(st)o(ory)6 b Fd(.)t(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h +(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) +h(.)f(.)20 b Fe(7)1012 1082 y Fn(R)1012 1144 y Fc(read_histor)o(y)7 +b Fd(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) +h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)23 +b Fe(8)1012 1190 y Fc(read_histor)o(y_)o(ran)o(ge)5 b +Fd(.)s(.)h(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g +(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)19 b Fe(8)1012 1237 +y Fc(remove_hist)o(or)o(y)9 b Fd(.)s(.)d(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.) +g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g +(.)g(.)g(.)22 b Fe(6)1012 1283 y Fc(replace_his)o(to)o(ry_)o(en)o(try)s +Fd(.)s(.)6 b(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) +h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)17 b Fe(6)1012 1415 y Fn(S)1012 +1477 y Fc(stifle_hist)o(or)o(y)9 b Fd(.)s(.)d(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g +(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.) +f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)22 b Fe(7)1012 1609 y Fn(U)1012 1671 +y Fc(unstifle_hi)o(st)o(ory)6 b Fd(.)t(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f +(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.) +f(.)20 b Fe(7)1012 1717 y Fc(using_histo)o(ry)6 b Fd(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) +g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g +(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)22 b Fe(6)1012 1850 +y Fn(W)1012 1912 y Fc(where_histo)o(ry)6 b Fd(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h +(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) +h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)22 b Fe(7)1012 1958 y Fc(write_histo)o(ry)6 +b Fd(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) +g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)22 +b Fe(8)p eop +%%Page: 16 18 +16 17 bop 75 -58 a Fp(16)1324 b(GNU)15 b(History)g(Library)p +eop +%%Page: -1 19 +-1 18 bop 1862 -58 a Fp(i)75 149 y Fl(T)-7 b(able)27 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b(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.) +h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)29 b Fp(6)374 1017 y(2.3.3)44 +b(Information)15 b(Ab)q(out)g(the)h(History)f(List)c +Fa(.)d(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)26 +b Fp(7)374 1072 y(2.3.4)44 b(Mo)o(ving)15 b(Around)g(the)g(History)g +(List)c Fa(.)d(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f +(.)h(.)25 b Fp(7)374 1127 y(2.3.5)44 b(Searc)o(hing)16 +b(the)f(History)g(List)7 b Fa(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f +(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)22 +b Fp(8)374 1181 y(2.3.6)44 b(Managing)15 b(the)g(History)g(File)6 +b Fa(.)i(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.) +f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)20 b Fp(8)374 1236 y(2.3.7)44 +b(History)15 b(Expansion)9 b Fa(.)f(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h +(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.) +h(.)f(.)24 b Fp(9)224 1291 y(2.4)45 b(History)15 b(V)l(ariables)6 +b 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--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000 +++ b/readline/doc/manvers.texinfo Sat Feb 10 05:13:25 2001 +0000 @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +@set EDITION 4.2-beta +@set VERSION 4.2-beta +@set UPDATED 2001 Feb 5 +@set UPDATE-MONTH Feb 2001 + +@set LASTCHANGE Mon Feb 5 09:10:18 EST 2001
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000 +++ b/readline/doc/readline.0 Sat Feb 10 05:13:25 2001 +0000 @@ -0,0 +1,1188 @@ + + + +READLINE(3) READLINE(3) + + +NNAAMMEE + readline - get a line from a user with editing + +SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS + ##iinncclluuddee <<ssttddiioo..hh>> + ##iinncclluuddee <<rreeaaddlliinnee//rreeaaddlliinnee..hh>> + ##iinncclluuddee <<rreeaaddlliinnee//hhiissttoorryy..hh>> + + _c_h_a_r _* + rreeaaddlliinnee (_c_o_n_s_t _c_h_a_r _*_p_r_o_m_p_t); + +CCOOPPYYRRIIGGHHTT + Readline is Copyright (C) 1989-2001 by the Free Software + Foundation, Inc. + +DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN + rreeaaddlliinnee will read a line from the terminal and return it, + using pprroommpptt as a prompt. If pprroommpptt is NNUULLLL or the empty + string, no prompt is issued. The line returned is allo- + cated with _m_a_l_l_o_c(3); the caller must free it when fin- + ished. The line returned has the final newline removed, + so only the text of the line remains. + + rreeaaddlliinnee offers editing capabilities while the user is + entering the line. By default, the line editing commands + are similar to those of emacs. A vi-style line editing + interface is also available. + + This manual page describes only the most basic use of + rreeaaddlliinnee. Much more functionality is available; see _T_h_e + _G_N_U _R_e_a_d_l_i_n_e _L_i_b_r_a_r_y and _T_h_e _G_N_U _H_i_s_t_o_r_y _L_i_b_r_a_r_y for addi- + tional information. + +RREETTUURRNN VVAALLUUEE + rreeaaddlliinnee returns the text of the line read. A blank line + returns the empty string. If EEOOFF is encountered while + reading a line, and the line is empty, NNUULLLL is returned. + If an EEOOFF is read with a non-empty line, it is treated as + a newline. + +NNOOTTAATTIIOONN + An emacs-style notation is used to denote keystrokes. + Control keys are denoted by C-_k_e_y, e.g., C-n means Con- + trol-N. Similarly, _m_e_t_a keys are denoted by M-_k_e_y, so M-x + means Meta-X. (On keyboards without a _m_e_t_a key, M-_x means + ESC _x, i.e., press the Escape key then the _x key. This + makes ESC the _m_e_t_a _p_r_e_f_i_x. The combination M-C-_x means + ESC-Control-_x, or press the Escape key then hold the Con- + trol key while pressing the _x key.) + + Readline commands may be given numeric _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s, which + normally act as a repeat count. Sometimes, however, it is + the sign of the argument that is significant. Passing a + negative argument to a command that acts in the forward + + + +GNU Readline 4.2 2001 Feb 5 1 + + + + + +READLINE(3) READLINE(3) + + + direction (e.g., kkiillll--lliinnee) causes that command to act in + a backward direction. Commands whose behavior with argu- + ments deviates from this are noted. + + When a command is described as _k_i_l_l_i_n_g text, the text + deleted is saved for possible future retrieval (_y_a_n_k_i_n_g). + The killed text is saved in a _k_i_l_l _r_i_n_g. Consecutive + kills cause the text to be accumulated into one unit, + which can be yanked all at once. Commands which do not + kill text separate the chunks of text on the kill ring. + +IINNIITTIIAALLIIZZAATTIIOONN FFIILLEE + Readline is customized by putting commands in an initial- + ization file (the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file). The name of this file is + taken from the value of the IINNPPUUTTRRCC environment variable. + If that variable is unset, the default is _~_/_._i_n_p_u_t_r_c. + When a program which uses the readline library starts up, + the init file is read, and the key bindings and variables + are set. There are only a few basic constructs allowed in + the readline init file. Blank lines are ignored. Lines + beginning with a ## are comments. Lines beginning with a $$ + indicate conditional constructs. Other lines denote key + bindings and variable settings. Each program using this + library may add its own commands and bindings. + + For example, placing + + M-Control-u: universal-argument + or + C-Meta-u: universal-argument + + into the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c would make M-C-u execute the readline + command _u_n_i_v_e_r_s_a_l_-_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t. + + The following symbolic character names are recognized + while processing key bindings: _D_E_L, _E_S_C, _E_S_C_A_P_E, _L_F_D, _N_E_W_- + _L_I_N_E, _R_E_T, _R_E_T_U_R_N, _R_U_B_O_U_T, _S_P_A_C_E, _S_P_C, and _T_A_B. + + In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be + bound to a string that is inserted when the key is pressed + (a _m_a_c_r_o). + + + KKeeyy BBiinnddiinnggss + The syntax for controlling key bindings in the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c + file is simple. All that is required is the name of the + command or the text of a macro and a key sequence to which + it should be bound. The name may be specified in one of + two ways: as a symbolic key name, possibly with _M_e_t_a_- or + _C_o_n_t_r_o_l_- prefixes, or as a key sequence. When using the + form kkeeyynnaammee:_f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e or _m_a_c_r_o, _k_e_y_n_a_m_e is the name + of a key spelled out in English. For example: + + Control-u: universal-argument + + + +GNU Readline 4.2 2001 Feb 5 2 + + + + + +READLINE(3) READLINE(3) + + + Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word + Control-o: "> output" + + In the above example, _C_-_u is bound to the function uunniivveerr-- + ssaall--aarrgguummeenntt, _M_-_D_E_L is bound to the function bbaacckk-- + wwaarrdd--kkiillll--wwoorrdd, and _C_-_o is bound to run the macro + expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the + text ``> output'' into the line). + + In the second form, ""kkeeyysseeqq"":_f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e or _m_a_c_r_o, kkeeyy-- + sseeqq differs from kkeeyynnaammee above in that strings denoting an + entire key sequence may be specified by placing the + sequence within double quotes. Some GNU Emacs style key + escapes can be used, as in the following example. + + "\C-u": universal-argument + "\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file + "\e[11~": "Function Key 1" + + In this example, _C_-_u is again bound to the function uunnii-- + vveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt. _C_-_x _C_-_r is bound to the function + rree--rreeaadd--iinniitt--ffiillee, and _E_S_C _[ _1 _1 _~ is bound to insert the + text ``Function Key 1''. The full set of GNU Emacs style + escape sequences is + \\CC-- control prefix + \\MM-- meta prefix + \\ee an escape character + \\\\ backslash + \\"" literal ", a double quote + \\'' literal ', a single quote + + In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a + second set of backslash escapes is available: + \\aa alert (bell) + \\bb backspace + \\dd delete + \\ff form feed + \\nn newline + \\rr carriage return + \\tt horizontal tab + \\vv vertical tab + \\_n_n_n the character whose ASCII code is the octal + value _n_n_n (one to three digits) + \\xx_n_n_n the character whose ASCII code is the hex- + adecimal value _n_n_n (one to three digits) + + When entering the text of a macro, single or double quotes + should be used to indicate a macro definition. Unquoted + text is assumed to be a function name. In the macro body, + the backslash escapes described above are expanded. Back- + slash will quote any other character in the macro text, + including " and '. + + BBaasshh allows the current readline key bindings to be + + + +GNU Readline 4.2 2001 Feb 5 3 + + + + + +READLINE(3) READLINE(3) + + + displayed or modified with the bbiinndd builtin command. The + editing mode may be switched during interactive use by + using the --oo option to the sseett builtin command. Other + programs using this library provide similar mechanisms. + The _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file may be edited and re-read if a program + does not provide any other means to incorporate new bind- + ings. + + VVaarriiaabblleess + Readline has variables that can be used to further cus- + tomize its behavior. A variable may be set in the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c + file with a statement of the form + + sseett _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_-_n_a_m_e _v_a_l_u_e + + Except where noted, readline variables can take the values + OOnn or OOffff (without regard to case). The variables and + their default values are: + + bbeellll--ssttyyllee ((aauuddiibbllee)) + Controls what happens when readline wants to ring + the terminal bell. If set to nnoonnee, readline never + rings the bell. If set to vviissiibbllee, readline uses a + visible bell if one is available. If set to aauuddii-- + bbllee, readline attempts to ring the terminal's bell. + ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn ((````##'''')) + The string that is inserted in vvii mode when the + iinnsseerrtt--ccoommmmeenntt command is executed. This command + is bound to MM--## in emacs mode and to ## in vi com- + mand mode. + ccoommpplleettiioonn--iiggnnoorree--ccaassee ((OOffff)) + If set to OOnn, readline performs filename matching + and completion in a case-insensitive fashion. + ccoommpplleettiioonn--qquueerryy--iitteemmss ((110000)) + This determines when the user is queried about + viewing the number of possible completions gener- + ated by the ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss command. It may + be set to any integer value greater than or equal + to zero. If the number of possible completions is + greater than or equal to the value of this vari- + able, the user is asked whether or not he wishes to + view them; otherwise they are simply listed on the + terminal. + ccoonnvveerrtt--mmeettaa ((OOnn)) + If set to OOnn, readline will convert characters with + the eighth bit set to an ASCII key sequence by + stripping the eighth bit and prefixing it with an + escape character (in effect, using escape as the + _m_e_t_a _p_r_e_f_i_x). + ddiissaabbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonn ((OOffff)) + If set to OOnn, readline will inhibit word comple- + tion. Completion characters will be inserted into + the line as if they had been mapped to sseellff--iinnsseerrtt. + + + + +GNU Readline 4.2 2001 Feb 5 4 + + + + + +READLINE(3) READLINE(3) + + + eeddiittiinngg--mmooddee ((eemmaaccss)) + Controls whether readline begins with a set of key + bindings similar to emacs or vi. eeddiittiinngg--mmooddee can + be set to either eemmaaccss or vvii. + eennaabbllee--kkeeyyppaadd ((OOffff)) + When set to OOnn, readline will try to enable the + application keypad when it is called. Some systems + need this to enable the arrow keys. + eexxppaanndd--ttiillddee ((OOffff)) + If set to oonn, tilde expansion is performed when + readline attempts word completion. + hhoorriizzoonnttaall--ssccrroollll--mmooddee ((OOffff)) + When set to OOnn, makes readline use a single line + for display, scrolling the input horizontally on a + single screen line when it becomes longer than the + screen width rather than wrapping to a new line. + iinnppuutt--mmeettaa ((OOffff)) + If set to OOnn, readline will enable eight-bit input + (that is, it will not clear the eighth bit in the + characters it reads), regardless of what the termi- + nal claims it can support. The name mmeettaa--ffllaagg is a + synonym for this variable. + iisseeaarrcchh--tteerrmmiinnaattoorrss ((````CC--[[ CC--JJ'''')) + The string of characters that should terminate an + incremental search without subsequently executing + the character as a command. If this variable has + not been given a value, the characters _E_S_C and _C_-_J + will terminate an incremental search. + kkeeyymmaapp ((eemmaaccss)) + Set the current readline keymap. The set of legal + keymap names is _e_m_a_c_s_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_m_e_t_a_, + _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x_, _v_i_, _v_i_-_m_o_v_e_, _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d, and _v_i_-_i_n_s_e_r_t. + _v_i is equivalent to _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d; _e_m_a_c_s is equivalent + to _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d. The default value is _e_m_a_c_s. + The value of eeddiittiinngg--mmooddee also affects the default + keymap. + mmaarrkk--ddiirreeccttoorriieess ((OOnn)) + If set to OOnn, completed directory names have a + slash appended. + mmaarrkk--mmooddiiffiieedd--lliinneess ((OOffff)) + If set to OOnn, history lines that have been modified + are displayed with a preceding asterisk (**). + oouuttppuutt--mmeettaa ((OOffff)) + If set to OOnn, readline will display characters with + the eighth bit set directly rather than as a meta- + prefixed escape sequence. + pprriinntt--ccoommpplleettiioonnss--hhoorriizzoonnttaallllyy ((OOffff)) + If set to OOnn, readline will display completions + with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical + order, rather than down the screen. + sshhooww--aallll--iiff--aammbbiigguuoouuss ((OOffff)) + This alters the default behavior of the completion + functions. If set to oonn, words which have more + than one possible completion cause the matches to + + + +GNU Readline 4.2 2001 Feb 5 5 + + + + + +READLINE(3) READLINE(3) + + + be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell. + vviissiibbllee--ssttaattss ((OOffff)) + If set to OOnn, a character denoting a file's type as + reported by _s_t_a_t(2) is appended to the filename + when listing possible completions. + + CCoonnddiittiioonnaall CCoonnssttrruuccttss + Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the + conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor + which allows key bindings and variable settings to be per- + formed as the result of tests. There are four parser + directives used. + + $$iiff The $$iiff construct allows bindings to be made based + on the editing mode, the terminal being used, or + the application using readline. The text of the + test extends to the end of the line; no characters + are required to isolate it. + + mmooddee The mmooddee== form of the $$iiff directive is used + to test whether readline is in emacs or vi + mode. This may be used in conjunction with + the sseett kkeeyymmaapp command, for instance, to set + bindings in the _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d and _e_m_a_c_s_- + _c_t_l_x keymaps only if readline is starting + out in emacs mode. + + tteerrmm The tteerrmm== form may be used to include termi- + nal-specific key bindings, perhaps to bind + the key sequences output by the terminal's + function keys. The word on the right side + of the == is tested against the full name of + the terminal and the portion of the terminal + name before the first --. This allows _s_u_n to + match both _s_u_n and _s_u_n_-_c_m_d, for instance. + + aapppplliiccaattiioonn + The aapppplliiccaattiioonn construct is used to include + application-specific settings. Each program + using the readline library sets the _a_p_p_l_i_c_a_- + _t_i_o_n _n_a_m_e, and an initialization file can + test for a particular value. This could be + used to bind key sequences to functions use- + ful for a specific program. For instance, + the following command adds a key sequence + that quotes the current or previous word in + Bash: + + $$iiff Bash + # Quote the current or previous word + "\C-xq": "\eb\"\ef\"" + $$eennddiiff + + $$eennddiiff This command, as seen in the previous example, + + + +GNU Readline 4.2 2001 Feb 5 6 + + + + + +READLINE(3) READLINE(3) + + + terminates an $$iiff command. + + $$eellssee Commands in this branch of the $$iiff directive are + executed if the test fails. + + $$iinncclluuddee + This directive takes a single filename as an argu- + ment and reads commands and bindings from that + file. For example, the following directive would + read _/_e_t_c_/_i_n_p_u_t_r_c: + + $$iinncclluuddee _/_e_t_c_/_i_n_p_u_t_r_c + +SSEEAARRCCHHIINNGG + Readline provides commands for searching through the com- + mand history for lines containing a specified string. + There are two search modes: _i_n_c_r_e_m_e_n_t_a_l and _n_o_n_-_i_n_c_r_e_m_e_n_- + _t_a_l. + + Incremental searches begin before the user has finished + typing the search string. As each character of the search + string is typed, readline displays the next entry from the + history matching the string typed so far. An incremental + search requires only as many characters as needed to find + the desired history entry. To search backward in the his- + tory for a particular string, type CC--rr. Typing CC--ss + searches forward through the history. The characters pre- + sent in the value of the iisseeaarrcchh--tteerrmmiinnaattoorrss variable are + used to terminate an incremental search. If that variable + has not been assigned a value the _E_s_c_a_p_e and CC--JJ charac- + ters will terminate an incremental search. CC--GG will abort + an incremental search and restore the original line. When + the search is terminated, the history entry containing the + search string becomes the current line. + + To find other matching entries in the history list, type + CC--ss or CC--rr as appropriate. This will search backward or + forward in the history for the next line matching the + search string typed so far. Any other key sequence bound + to a readline command will terminate the search and exe- + cute that command. For instance, a newline will terminate + the search and accept the line, thereby executing the com- + mand from the history list. A movement command will ter- + minate the search, make the last line found the current + line, and begin editing. + + Non-incremental searches read the entire search string + before starting to search for matching history lines. The + search string may be typed by the user or be part of the + contents of the current line. + +EEDDIITTIINNGG CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS + The following is a list of the names of the commands and + the default key sequences to which they are bound. + + + +GNU Readline 4.2 2001 Feb 5 7 + + + + + +READLINE(3) READLINE(3) + + + Command names without an accompanying key sequence are + unbound by default. + + In the following descriptions, _p_o_i_n_t refers to the current + cursor position, and _m_a_r_k refers to a cursor position + saved by the sseett--mmaarrkk command. The text between the point + and mark is referred to as the _r_e_g_i_o_n. + + CCoommmmaannddss ffoorr MMoovviinngg + bbeeggiinnnniinngg--ooff--lliinnee ((CC--aa)) + Move to the start of the current line. + eenndd--ooff--lliinnee ((CC--ee)) + Move to the end of the line. + ffoorrwwaarrdd--cchhaarr ((CC--ff)) + Move forward a character. + bbaacckkwwaarrdd--cchhaarr ((CC--bb)) + Move back a character. + ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd ((MM--ff)) + Move forward to the end of the next word. Words + are composed of alphanumeric characters (letters + and digits). + bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd ((MM--bb)) + Move back to the start of the current or previous + word. Words are composed of alphanumeric charac- + ters (letters and digits). + cclleeaarr--ssccrreeeenn ((CC--ll)) + Clear the screen leaving the current line at the + top of the screen. With an argument, refresh the + current line without clearing the screen. + rreeddrraaww--ccuurrrreenntt--lliinnee + Refresh the current line. + + CCoommmmaannddss ffoorr MMaanniippuullaattiinngg tthhee HHiissttoorryy + aacccceepptt--lliinnee ((NNeewwlliinnee,, RReettuurrnn)) + Accept the line regardless of where the cursor is. + If this line is non-empty, it may be added to the + history list for future recall with aadddd__hhiissttoorryy(()). + If the line is a modified history line, the history + line is restored to its original state. + pprreevviioouuss--hhiissttoorryy ((CC--pp)) + Fetch the previous command from the history list, + moving back in the list. + nneexxtt--hhiissttoorryy ((CC--nn)) + Fetch the next command from the history list, mov- + ing forward in the list. + bbeeggiinnnniinngg--ooff--hhiissttoorryy ((MM--<<)) + Move to the first line in the history. + eenndd--ooff--hhiissttoorryy ((MM-->>)) + Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the + line currently being entered. + rreevveerrssee--sseeaarrcchh--hhiissttoorryy ((CC--rr)) + Search backward starting at the current line and + moving `up' through the history as necessary. This + is an incremental search. + + + +GNU Readline 4.2 2001 Feb 5 8 + + + + + +READLINE(3) READLINE(3) + + + ffoorrwwaarrdd--sseeaarrcchh--hhiissttoorryy ((CC--ss)) + Search forward starting at the current line and + moving `down' through the history as necessary. + This is an incremental search. + nnoonn--iinnccrreemmeennttaall--rreevveerrssee--sseeaarrcchh--hhiissttoorryy ((MM--pp)) + Search backward through the history starting at the + current line using a non-incremental search for a + string supplied by the user. + nnoonn--iinnccrreemmeennttaall--ffoorrwwaarrdd--sseeaarrcchh--hhiissttoorryy ((MM--nn)) + Search forward through the history using a non- + incremental search for a string supplied by the + user. + hhiissttoorryy--sseeaarrcchh--ffoorrwwaarrdd + Search forward through the history for the string + of characters between the start of the current line + and the current cursor position (the _p_o_i_n_t). This + is a non-incremental search. + hhiissttoorryy--sseeaarrcchh--bbaacckkwwaarrdd + Search backward through the history for the string + of characters between the start of the current line + and the point. This is a non-incremental search. + yyaannkk--nntthh--aarrgg ((MM--CC--yy)) + Insert the first argument to the previous command + (usually the second word on the previous line) at + point (the current cursor position). With an argu- + ment _n, insert the _nth word from the previous com- + mand (the words in the previous command begin with + word 0). A negative argument inserts the _nth word + from the end of the previous command. + yyaannkk--llaasstt--aarrgg ((MM--..,, MM--__)) + Insert the last argument to the previous command + (the last word of the previous history entry). + With an argument, behave exactly like yyaannkk--nntthh--aarrgg. + Successive calls to yyaannkk--llaasstt--aarrgg move back through + the history list, inserting the last argument of + each line in turn. + + CCoommmmaannddss ffoorr CChhaannggiinngg TTeexxtt + ddeelleettee--cchhaarr ((CC--dd)) + Delete the character under the cursor. If point is + at the beginning of the line, there are no charac- + ters in the line, and the last character typed was + not bound to ddeelleettee--cchhaarr, then return EEOOFF. + bbaacckkwwaarrdd--ddeelleettee--cchhaarr ((RRuubboouutt)) + Delete the character behind the cursor. When given + a numeric argument, save the deleted text on the + kill ring. + ffoorrwwaarrdd--bbaacckkwwaarrdd--ddeelleettee--cchhaarr + Delete the character under the cursor, unless the + cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the + character behind the cursor is deleted. + qquuootteedd--iinnsseerrtt ((CC--qq,, CC--vv)) + Add the next character that you type to the line + verbatim. This is how to insert characters like + + + +GNU Readline 4.2 2001 Feb 5 9 + + + + + +READLINE(3) READLINE(3) + + + CC--qq, for example. + ttaabb--iinnsseerrtt ((MM--TTAABB)) + Insert a tab character. + sseellff--iinnsseerrtt ((aa,, bb,, AA,, 11,, !!,, ......)) + Insert the character typed. + ttrraannssppoossee--cchhaarrss ((CC--tt)) + Drag the character before point forward over the + character at point, moving point forward as well. + If point is at the end of the line, then transpose + the two characters before point. Negative argu- + ments don't work. + ttrraannssppoossee--wwoorrddss ((MM--tt)) + Drag the word behind the cursor past the word in + front of the cursor, moving the cursor over that + word as well. + uuppccaassee--wwoorrdd ((MM--uu)) + Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a + negative argument, uppercase the previous word, but + do not move point. + ddoowwnnccaassee--wwoorrdd ((MM--ll)) + Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a + negative argument, lowercase the previous word, but + do not move point. + ccaappiittaalliizzee--wwoorrdd ((MM--cc)) + Capitalize the current (or following) word. With a + negative argument, capitalize the previous word, + but do not move point. + + KKiilllliinngg aanndd YYaannkkiinngg + kkiillll--lliinnee ((CC--kk)) + Kill the text from the current cursor position to + the end of the line. + bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--lliinnee ((CC--xx RRuubboouutt)) + Kill backward to the beginning of the line. + uunniixx--lliinnee--ddiissccaarrdd ((CC--uu)) + Kill backward from point to the beginning of the + line. The killed text is saved on the kill-ring. + kkiillll--wwhhoollee--lliinnee + Kill all characters on the current line, no matter + where the cursor is. + kkiillll--wwoorrdd ((MM--dd)) + Kill from the cursor to the end of the current + word, or if between words, to the end of the next + word. Word boundaries are the same as those used + by ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. + bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--wwoorrdd ((MM--RRuubboouutt)) + Kill the word behind the cursor. Word boundaries + are the same as those used by bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. + uunniixx--wwoorrdd--rruubboouutt ((CC--ww)) + Kill the word behind the cursor, using white space + as a word boundary. The word boundaries are dif- + ferent from bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--wwoorrdd. + ddeelleettee--hhoorriizzoonnttaall--ssppaaccee ((MM--\\)) + Delete all spaces and tabs around point. + + + +GNU Readline 4.2 2001 Feb 5 10 + + + + + +READLINE(3) READLINE(3) + + + kkiillll--rreeggiioonn + Kill the text between the point and _m_a_r_k (saved + cursor position). This text is referred to as the + _r_e_g_i_o_n. + ccooppyy--rreeggiioonn--aass--kkiillll + Copy the text in the region to the kill buffer. + ccooppyy--bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd + Copy the word before point to the kill buffer. The + word boundaries are the same as bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. + ccooppyy--ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd + Copy the word following point to the kill buffer. + The word boundaries are the same as ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. + yyaannkk ((CC--yy)) + Yank the top of the kill ring into the buffer at + the cursor. + yyaannkk--ppoopp ((MM--yy)) + Rotate the kill ring, and yank the new top. Only + works following yyaannkk or yyaannkk--ppoopp. + + NNuummeerriicc AArrgguummeennttss + ddiiggiitt--aarrgguummeenntt ((MM--00,, MM--11,, ......,, MM----)) + Add this digit to the argument already accumulat- + ing, or start a new argument. M-- starts a nega- + tive argument. + uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt + This is another way to specify an argument. If + this command is followed by one or more digits, + optionally with a leading minus sign, those digits + define the argument. If the command is followed by + digits, executing uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt again ends the + numeric argument, but is otherwise ignored. As a + special case, if this command is immediately fol- + lowed by a character that is neither a digit or + minus sign, the argument count for the next command + is multiplied by four. The argument count is ini- + tially one, so executing this function the first + time makes the argument count four, a second time + makes the argument count sixteen, and so on. + + CCoommpplleettiinngg + ccoommpplleettee ((TTAABB)) + Attempt to perform completion on the text before + point. The actual completion performed is applica- + tion-specific. BBaasshh, for instance, attempts com- + pletion treating the text as a variable (if the + text begins with $$), username (if the text begins + with ~~), hostname (if the text begins with @@), or + command (including aliases and functions) in turn. + If none of these produces a match, filename comple- + tion is attempted. GGddbb, on the other hand, allows + completion of program functions and variables, and + only attempts filename completion under certain + circumstances. + + + + +GNU Readline 4.2 2001 Feb 5 11 + + + + + +READLINE(3) READLINE(3) + + + ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((MM--??)) + List the possible completions of the text before + point. + iinnsseerrtt--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((MM--**)) + Insert all completions of the text before point + that would have been generated by ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommppllee-- + ttiioonnss. + mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee + Similar to ccoommpplleettee, but replaces the word to be + completed with a single match from the list of pos- + sible completions. Repeated execution of mmeennuu--ccoomm-- + pplleettee steps through the list of possible comple- + tions, inserting each match in turn. At the end of + the list of completions, the bell is rung and the + original text is restored. An argument of _n moves + _n positions forward in the list of matches; a nega- + tive argument may be used to move backward through + the list. This command is intended to be bound to + TTAABB, but is unbound by default. + ddeelleettee--cchhaarr--oorr--lliisstt + Deletes the character under the cursor if not at + the beginning or end of the line (like ddeelleettee-- + cchhaarr). If at the end of the line, behaves identi- + cally to ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss. + + KKeeyybbooaarrdd MMaaccrrooss + ssttaarrtt--kkbbdd--mmaaccrroo ((CC--xx (()) + Begin saving the characters typed into the current + keyboard macro. + eenndd--kkbbdd--mmaaccrroo ((CC--xx )))) + Stop saving the characters typed into the current + keyboard macro and store the definition. + ccaallll--llaasstt--kkbbdd--mmaaccrroo ((CC--xx ee)) + Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by mak- + ing the characters in the macro appear as if typed + at the keyboard. + + MMiisscceellllaanneeoouuss + rree--rreeaadd--iinniitt--ffiillee ((CC--xx CC--rr)) + Read in the contents of the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file, and + incorporate any bindings or variable assignments + found there. + aabboorrtt ((CC--gg)) + Abort the current editing command and ring the ter- + minal's bell (subject to the setting of + bbeellll--ssttyyllee). + ddoo--uuppppeerrccaassee--vveerrssiioonn ((MM--aa,, MM--bb,, MM--_x,, ......)) + If the metafied character _x is lowercase, run the + command that is bound to the corresponding upper- + case character. + pprreeffiixx--mmeettaa ((EESSCC)) + Metafy the next character typed. EESSCC ff is equiva- + lent to MMeettaa--ff. + + + + +GNU Readline 4.2 2001 Feb 5 12 + + + + + +READLINE(3) READLINE(3) + + + uunnddoo ((CC--__,, CC--xx CC--uu)) + Incremental undo, separately remembered for each + line. + rreevveerrtt--lliinnee ((MM--rr)) + Undo all changes made to this line. This is like + executing the uunnddoo command enough times to return + the line to its initial state. + ttiillddee--eexxppaanndd ((MM--&&)) + Perform tilde expansion on the current word. + sseett--mmaarrkk ((CC--@@,, MM--<<ssppaaccee>>)) + Set the mark to the current point. If a numeric + argument is supplied, the mark is set to that posi- + tion. + eexxcchhaannggee--ppooiinntt--aanndd--mmaarrkk ((CC--xx CC--xx)) + Swap the point with the mark. The current cursor + position is set to the saved position, and the old + cursor position is saved as the mark. + cchhaarraacctteerr--sseeaarrcchh ((CC--]])) + A character is read and point is moved to the next + occurrence of that character. A negative count + searches for previous occurrences. + cchhaarraacctteerr--sseeaarrcchh--bbaacckkwwaarrdd ((MM--CC--]])) + A character is read and point is moved to the pre- + vious occurrence of that character. A negative + count searches for subsequent occurrences. + iinnsseerrtt--ccoommmmeenntt ((MM--##)) + The value of the readline ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn variable is + inserted at the beginning of the current line, and + the line is accepted as if a newline had been + typed. The default value of ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn makes + the current line a shell comment. + dduummpp--ffuunnccttiioonnss + Print all of the functions and their key bindings + to the readline output stream. If a numeric argu- + ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a + way that it can be made part of an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. + dduummpp--vvaarriiaabblleess + Print all of the settable variables and their val- + ues to the readline output stream. If a numeric + argument is supplied, the output is formatted in + such a way that it can be made part of an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c + file. + dduummpp--mmaaccrrooss + Print all of the readline key sequences bound to + macros and the strings they ouput. If a numeric + argument is supplied, the output is formatted in + such a way that it can be made part of an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c + file. + eemmaaccss--eeddiittiinngg--mmooddee ((CC--ee)) + When in vvii editing mode, this causes a switch to + eemmaaccss editing mode. + vvii--eeddiittiinngg--mmooddee ((MM--CC--jj)) + When in eemmaaccss editing mode, this causes a switch to + vvii editing mode. + + + +GNU Readline 4.2 2001 Feb 5 13 + + + + + +READLINE(3) READLINE(3) + + +DDEEFFAAUULLTT KKEEYY BBIINNDDIINNGGSS + The following is a list of the default emacs and vi bind- + ings. Characters with the eighth bit set are written as + M-<character>, and are referred to as _m_e_t_a_f_i_e_d characters. + The printable ASCII characters not mentioned in the list + of emacs standard bindings are bound to the sseellff--iinnsseerrtt + function, which just inserts the given character into the + input line. In vi insertion mode, all characters not + specifically mentioned are bound to sseellff--iinnsseerrtt. Charac- + ters assigned to signal generation by _s_t_t_y(1) or the ter- + minal driver, such as C-Z or C-C, retain that function. + Upper and lower case metafied characters are bound to the + same function in the emacs mode meta keymap. The remain- + ing characters are unbound, which causes readline to ring + the bell (subject to the setting of the bbeellll--ssttyyllee vari- + able). + + EEmmaaccss MMooddee + Emacs Standard bindings + + "C-@" set-mark + "C-A" beginning-of-line + "C-B" backward-char + "C-D" delete-char + "C-E" end-of-line + "C-F" forward-char + "C-G" abort + "C-H" backward-delete-char + "C-I" complete + "C-J" accept-line + "C-K" kill-line + "C-L" clear-screen + "C-M" accept-line + "C-N" next-history + "C-P" previous-history + "C-Q" quoted-insert + "C-R" reverse-search-history + "C-S" forward-search-history + "C-T" transpose-chars + "C-U" unix-line-discard + "C-V" quoted-insert + "C-W" unix-word-rubout + "C-Y" yank + "C-]" character-search + "C-_" undo + " " to "/" self-insert + "0" to "9" self-insert + ":" to "~" self-insert + "C-?" backward-delete-char + + Emacs Meta bindings + + "M-C-G" abort + "M-C-H" backward-kill-word + + + +GNU Readline 4.2 2001 Feb 5 14 + + + + + +READLINE(3) READLINE(3) + + + "M-C-I" tab-insert + "M-C-J" vi-editing-mode + "M-C-M" vi-editing-mode + "M-C-R" revert-line + "M-C-Y" yank-nth-arg + "M-C-[" complete + "M-C-]" character-search-backward + "M-space" set-mark + "M-#" insert-comment + "M-&" tilde-expand + "M-*" insert-completions + "M--" digit-argument + "M-." yank-last-arg + "M-0" digit-argument + "M-1" digit-argument + "M-2" digit-argument + "M-3" digit-argument + "M-4" digit-argument + "M-5" digit-argument + "M-6" digit-argument + "M-7" digit-argument + "M-8" digit-argument + "M-9" digit-argument + "M-<" beginning-of-history + "M-=" possible-completions + "M->" end-of-history + "M-?" possible-completions + "M-B" backward-word + "M-C" capitalize-word + "M-D" kill-word + "M-F" forward-word + "M-L" downcase-word + "M-N" non-incremental-forward-search-history + "M-P" non-incremental-reverse-search-history + "M-R" revert-line + "M-T" transpose-words + "M-U" upcase-word + "M-Y" yank-pop + "M-\" delete-horizontal-space + "M-~" tilde-expand + "M-C-?" backward-delete-word + "M-_" yank-last-arg + + Emacs Control-X bindings + + "C-XC-G" abort + "C-XC-R" re-read-init-file + "C-XC-U" undo + "C-XC-X" exchange-point-and-mark + "C-X(" start-kbd-macro + "C-X)" end-kbd-macro + "C-XE" call-last-kbd-macro + "C-XC-?" backward-kill-line + + + + +GNU Readline 4.2 2001 Feb 5 15 + + + + + +READLINE(3) READLINE(3) + + + VVII MMooddee bbiinnddiinnggss + VI Insert Mode functions + + "C-D" vi-eof-maybe + "C-H" backward-delete-char + "C-I" complete + "C-J" accept-line + "C-M" accept-line + "C-R" reverse-search-history + "C-S" forward-search-history + "C-T" transpose-chars + "C-U" unix-line-discard + "C-V" quoted-insert + "C-W" unix-word-rubout + "C-Y" yank + "C-[" vi-movement-mode + "C-_" undo + " " to "~" self-insert + "C-?" backward-delete-char + + VI Command Mode functions + + "C-D" vi-eof-maybe + "C-E" emacs-editing-mode + "C-G" abort + "C-H" backward-char + "C-J" accept-line + "C-K" kill-line + "C-L" clear-screen + "C-M" accept-line + "C-N" next-history + "C-P" previous-history + "C-Q" quoted-insert + "C-R" reverse-search-history + "C-S" forward-search-history + "C-T" transpose-chars + "C-U" unix-line-discard + "C-V" quoted-insert + "C-W" unix-word-rubout + "C-Y" yank + " " forward-char + "#" insert-comment + "$" end-of-line + "%" vi-match + "&" vi-tilde-expand + "*" vi-complete + "+" next-history + "," vi-char-search + "-" previous-history + "." vi-redo + "/" vi-search + "0" beginning-of-line + "1" to "9" vi-arg-digit + ";" vi-char-search + + + +GNU Readline 4.2 2001 Feb 5 16 + + + + + +READLINE(3) READLINE(3) + + + "=" vi-complete + "?" vi-search + "A" vi-append-eol + "B" vi-prev-word + "C" vi-change-to + "D" vi-delete-to + "E" vi-end-word + "F" vi-char-search + "G" vi-fetch-history + "I" vi-insert-beg + "N" vi-search-again + "P" vi-put + "R" vi-replace + "S" vi-subst + "T" vi-char-search + "U" revert-line + "W" vi-next-word + "X" backward-delete-char + "Y" vi-yank-to + "\" vi-complete + "^" vi-first-print + "_" vi-yank-arg + "`" vi-goto-mark + "a" vi-append-mode + "b" vi-prev-word + "c" vi-change-to + "d" vi-delete-to + "e" vi-end-word + "f" vi-char-search + "h" backward-char + "i" vi-insertion-mode + "j" next-history + "k" prev-history + "l" forward-char + "m" vi-set-mark + "n" vi-search-again + "p" vi-put + "r" vi-change-char + "s" vi-subst + "t" vi-char-search + "u" undo + "w" vi-next-word + "x" vi-delete + "y" vi-yank-to + "|" vi-column + "~" vi-change-case + +SSEEEE AALLSSOO + _T_h_e _G_n_u _R_e_a_d_l_i_n_e _L_i_b_r_a_r_y, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey + _T_h_e _G_n_u _H_i_s_t_o_r_y _L_i_b_r_a_r_y, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey + _b_a_s_h(1) + +FFIILLEESS + + + + +GNU Readline 4.2 2001 Feb 5 17 + + + + + +READLINE(3) READLINE(3) + + + _~_/_._i_n_p_u_t_r_c + Individual rreeaaddlliinnee initialization file + +AAUUTTHHOORRSS + Brian Fox, Free Software Foundation + bfox@gnu.org + + Chet Ramey, Case Western Reserve University + chet@ins.CWRU.Edu + +BBUUGG RREEPPOORRTTSS + If you find a bug in rreeaaddlliinnee,, you should report it. But + first, you should make sure that it really is a bug, and + that it appears in the latest version of the rreeaaddlliinnee + library that you have. + + Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, mail + a bug report to _b_u_g_-_r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e@_g_n_u_._o_r_g. If you have a fix, + you are welcome to mail that as well! Suggestions and + `philosophical' bug reports may be mailed to _b_u_g_-_r_e_a_d_- + _l_i_n_e@_g_n_u_._o_r_g or posted to the Usenet newsgroup + ggnnuu..bbaasshh..bbuugg. + + Comments and bug reports concerning this manual page + should be directed to _c_h_e_t_@_i_n_s_._C_W_R_U_._E_d_u. + +BBUUGGSS + It's too big and too slow. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +GNU Readline 4.2 2001 Feb 5 18 + +
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000 +++ b/readline/doc/readline.html Sat Feb 10 05:13:25 2001 +0000 @@ -0,0 +1,4745 @@ +<HTML> +<HEAD> +<!-- This HTML file has been created by texi2html 1.52 + from /usr/homes/chet/src/bash/readline-src/doc/rlman.texinfo on 5 Febuary 2001 --> + +<TITLE>GNU Readline Library</TITLE> +</HEAD> +<BODY> +<H1>GNU Readline Library</H1> +<H2>Edition 4.2-beta, for <CODE>Readline Library</CODE> Version 4.2-beta.</H2> +<H2>Feb 2001</H2> +<ADDRESS>Brian Fox, Free Software Foundation</ADDRESS> +<ADDRESS>Chet Ramey, Case Western Reserve University</ADDRESS> +<P> +<P><HR><P> +<H1>Table of Contents</H1> +<UL> +<LI><A NAME="TOC1" HREF="readline.html#SEC1">Command Line Editing</A> +<UL> +<LI><A NAME="TOC2" HREF="readline.html#SEC2">Introduction to Line Editing</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC3" HREF="readline.html#SEC3">Readline Interaction</A> +<UL> +<LI><A NAME="TOC4" HREF="readline.html#SEC4">Readline Bare Essentials</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC5" HREF="readline.html#SEC5">Readline Movement Commands</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC6" HREF="readline.html#SEC6">Readline Killing Commands</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC7" HREF="readline.html#SEC7">Readline Arguments</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC8" HREF="readline.html#SEC8">Searching for Commands in the History</A> +</UL> +<LI><A NAME="TOC9" HREF="readline.html#SEC9">Readline Init File</A> +<UL> +<LI><A NAME="TOC10" HREF="readline.html#SEC10">Readline Init File Syntax</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC11" HREF="readline.html#SEC11">Conditional Init Constructs</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC12" HREF="readline.html#SEC12">Sample Init File</A> +</UL> +<LI><A NAME="TOC13" HREF="readline.html#SEC13">Bindable Readline Commands</A> +<UL> +<LI><A NAME="TOC14" HREF="readline.html#SEC14">Commands For Moving</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC15" HREF="readline.html#SEC15">Commands For Manipulating The History</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC16" HREF="readline.html#SEC16">Commands For Changing Text</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC17" HREF="readline.html#SEC17">Killing And Yanking</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC18" HREF="readline.html#SEC18">Specifying Numeric Arguments</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC19" HREF="readline.html#SEC19">Letting Readline Type For You</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC20" HREF="readline.html#SEC20">Keyboard Macros</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC21" HREF="readline.html#SEC21">Some Miscellaneous Commands</A> +</UL> +<LI><A NAME="TOC22" HREF="readline.html#SEC22">Readline vi Mode</A> +</UL> +<LI><A NAME="TOC23" HREF="readline.html#SEC23">Programming with GNU Readline</A> +<UL> +<LI><A NAME="TOC24" HREF="readline.html#SEC24">Basic Behavior</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC25" HREF="readline.html#SEC25">Custom Functions</A> +<UL> +<LI><A NAME="TOC26" HREF="readline.html#SEC26">Readline Typedefs</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC27" HREF="readline.html#SEC27">Writing a New Function</A> +</UL> +<LI><A NAME="TOC28" HREF="readline.html#SEC28">Readline Variables</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC29" HREF="readline.html#SEC29">Readline Convenience Functions</A> +<UL> +<LI><A NAME="TOC30" HREF="readline.html#SEC30">Naming a Function</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC31" HREF="readline.html#SEC31">Selecting a Keymap</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC32" HREF="readline.html#SEC32">Binding Keys</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC33" HREF="readline.html#SEC33">Associating Function Names and Bindings</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC34" HREF="readline.html#SEC34">Allowing Undoing</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC35" HREF="readline.html#SEC35">Redisplay</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC36" HREF="readline.html#SEC36">Modifying Text</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC37" HREF="readline.html#SEC37">Character Input</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC38" HREF="readline.html#SEC38">Terminal Management</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC39" HREF="readline.html#SEC39">Utility Functions</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC40" HREF="readline.html#SEC40">Alternate Interface</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC41" HREF="readline.html#SEC41">An Example</A> +</UL> +<LI><A NAME="TOC42" HREF="readline.html#SEC42">Readline Signal Handling</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC43" HREF="readline.html#SEC43">Custom Completers</A> +<UL> +<LI><A NAME="TOC44" HREF="readline.html#SEC44">How Completing Works</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC45" HREF="readline.html#SEC45">Completion Functions</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC46" HREF="readline.html#SEC46">Completion Variables</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC47" HREF="readline.html#SEC47">A Short Completion Example</A> +</UL> +</UL> +<LI><A NAME="TOC48" HREF="readline.html#SEC48">Concept Index</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC49" HREF="readline.html#SEC49">Function and Variable Index</A> +</UL> +<P><HR><P> + +<P> +This document describes the GNU Readline Library, a utility which aids +in the consistency of user interface across discrete programs that need +to provide a command line interface. + +</P> +<P> +Published by the Free Software Foundation <BR> +59 Temple Place, Suite 330, <BR> +Boston, MA 02111 USA + +</P> +<P> +Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of +this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice +are preserved on all copies. + +</P> +<P> +Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this +manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire +resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission +notice identical to this one. + +</P> +<P> +Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual +into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions, +except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved +by the Free Software Foundation. + +</P> +<P> +Copyright (C) 1988-2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + +</P> + + + +<H1><A NAME="SEC1" HREF="readline.html#TOC1">Command Line Editing</A></H1> + +<P> +This chapter describes the basic features of the GNU +command line editing interface. + +</P> + +<UL> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#SEC2">Introduction and Notation</A>: Notation used in this text. +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#SEC3">Readline Interaction</A>: The minimum set of commands for editing a line. +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#SEC9">Readline Init File</A>: Customizing Readline from a user's view. +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#SEC13">Bindable Readline Commands</A>: A description of most of the Readline commands + available for binding +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#SEC22">Readline vi Mode</A>: A short description of how to make Readline + behave like the vi editor. +</UL> + + + +<H2><A NAME="SEC2" HREF="readline.html#TOC2">Introduction to Line Editing</A></H2> + +<P> +The following paragraphs describe the notation used to represent +keystrokes. + +</P> +<P> +The text <KBD>C-k</KBD> is read as `Control-K' and describes the character +produced when the <KBD>k</KBD> key is pressed while the Control key +is depressed. + +</P> +<P> +The text <KBD>M-k</KBD> is read as `Meta-K' and describes the character +produced when the Meta key (if you have one) is depressed, and the <KBD>k</KBD> +key is pressed. +The Meta key is labeled <KBD>ALT</KBD> on many keyboards. +On keyboards with two keys labeled <KBD>ALT</KBD> (usually to either side of +the space bar), the <KBD>ALT</KBD> on the left side is generally set to +work as a Meta key. +The <KBD>ALT</KBD> key on the right may also be configured to work as a +Meta key or may be configured as some other modifier, such as a +Compose key for typing accented characters. + +</P> +<P> +If you do not have a Meta or <KBD>ALT</KBD> key, or another key working as +a Meta key, the identical keystroke can be generated by typing <KBD>ESC</KBD> +<EM>first</EM>, and then typing <KBD>k</KBD>. +Either process is known as <EM>metafying</EM> the <KBD>k</KBD> key. + +</P> +<P> +The text <KBD>M-C-k</KBD> is read as `Meta-Control-k' and describes the +character produced by <EM>metafying</EM> <KBD>C-k</KBD>. + +</P> +<P> +In addition, several keys have their own names. Specifically, +<KBD>DEL</KBD>, <KBD>ESC</KBD>, <KBD>LFD</KBD>, <KBD>SPC</KBD>, <KBD>RET</KBD>, and <KBD>TAB</KBD> all +stand for themselves when seen in this text, or in an init file +(see section <A HREF="readline.html#SEC9">Readline Init File</A>). +If your keyboard lacks a <KBD>LFD</KBD> key, typing <KBD>C-j</KBD> will +produce the desired character. +The <KBD>RET</KBD> key may be labeled <KBD>Return</KBD> or <KBD>Enter</KBD> on +some keyboards. + +</P> + + +<H2><A NAME="SEC3" HREF="readline.html#TOC3">Readline Interaction</A></H2> +<P> +<A NAME="IDX1"></A> + +</P> +<P> +Often during an interactive session you type in a long line of text, +only to notice that the first word on the line is misspelled. The +Readline library gives you a set of commands for manipulating the text +as you type it in, allowing you to just fix your typo, and not forcing +you to retype the majority of the line. Using these editing commands, +you move the cursor to the place that needs correction, and delete or +insert the text of the corrections. Then, when you are satisfied with +the line, you simply press <KBD>RET</KBD>. You do not have to be at the +end of the line to press <KBD>RET</KBD>; the entire line is accepted +regardless of the location of the cursor within the line. + +</P> + +<UL> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#SEC4">Readline Bare Essentials</A>: The least you need to know about Readline. +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#SEC5">Readline Movement Commands</A>: Moving about the input line. +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#SEC6">Readline Killing Commands</A>: How to delete text, and how to get it back! +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#SEC7">Readline Arguments</A>: Giving numeric arguments to commands. +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#SEC8">Searching</A>: Searching through previous lines. +</UL> + + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC4" HREF="readline.html#TOC4">Readline Bare Essentials</A></H3> +<P> +<A NAME="IDX2"></A> +<A NAME="IDX3"></A> +<A NAME="IDX4"></A> + +</P> +<P> +In order to enter characters into the line, simply type them. The typed +character appears where the cursor was, and then the cursor moves one +space to the right. If you mistype a character, you can use your +erase character to back up and delete the mistyped character. + +</P> +<P> +Sometimes you may mistype a character, and +not notice the error until you have typed several other characters. In +that case, you can type <KBD>C-b</KBD> to move the cursor to the left, and then +correct your mistake. Afterwards, you can move the cursor to the right +with <KBD>C-f</KBD>. + +</P> +<P> +When you add text in the middle of a line, you will notice that characters +to the right of the cursor are `pushed over' to make room for the text +that you have inserted. Likewise, when you delete text behind the cursor, +characters to the right of the cursor are `pulled back' to fill in the +blank space created by the removal of the text. A list of the bare +essentials for editing the text of an input line follows. + +</P> +<DL COMPACT> + +<DT><KBD>C-b</KBD> +<DD> +Move back one character. +<DT><KBD>C-f</KBD> +<DD> +Move forward one character. +<DT><KBD>DEL</KBD> or <KBD>Backspace</KBD> +<DD> +Delete the character to the left of the cursor. +<DT><KBD>C-d</KBD> +<DD> +Delete the character underneath the cursor. +<DT>Printing characters +<DD> +Insert the character into the line at the cursor. +<DT><KBD>C-_</KBD> or <KBD>C-x C-u</KBD> +<DD> +Undo the last editing command. You can undo all the way back to an +empty line. +</DL> + +<P> +(Depending on your configuration, the <KBD>Backspace</KBD> key be set to +delete the character to the left of the cursor and the <KBD>DEL</KBD> key set +to delete the character underneath the cursor, like <KBD>C-d</KBD>, rather +than the character to the left of the cursor.) + +</P> + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC5" HREF="readline.html#TOC5">Readline Movement Commands</A></H3> + +<P> +The above table describes the most basic keystrokes that you need +in order to do editing of the input line. For your convenience, many +other commands have been added in addition to <KBD>C-b</KBD>, <KBD>C-f</KBD>, +<KBD>C-d</KBD>, and <KBD>DEL</KBD>. Here are some commands for moving more rapidly +about the line. + +</P> +<DL COMPACT> + +<DT><KBD>C-a</KBD> +<DD> +Move to the start of the line. +<DT><KBD>C-e</KBD> +<DD> +Move to the end of the line. +<DT><KBD>M-f</KBD> +<DD> +Move forward a word, where a word is composed of letters and digits. +<DT><KBD>M-b</KBD> +<DD> +Move backward a word. +<DT><KBD>C-l</KBD> +<DD> +Clear the screen, reprinting the current line at the top. +</DL> + +<P> +Notice how <KBD>C-f</KBD> moves forward a character, while <KBD>M-f</KBD> moves +forward a word. It is a loose convention that control keystrokes +operate on characters while meta keystrokes operate on words. + +</P> + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC6" HREF="readline.html#TOC6">Readline Killing Commands</A></H3> + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX5"></A> +<A NAME="IDX6"></A> + +</P> +<P> +<EM>Killing</EM> text means to delete the text from the line, but to save +it away for later use, usually by <EM>yanking</EM> (re-inserting) +it back into the line. +(`Cut' and `paste' are more recent jargon for `kill' and `yank'.) + +</P> +<P> +If the description for a command says that it `kills' text, then you can +be sure that you can get the text back in a different (or the same) +place later. + +</P> +<P> +When you use a kill command, the text is saved in a <EM>kill-ring</EM>. +Any number of consecutive kills save all of the killed text together, so +that when you yank it back, you get it all. The kill +ring is not line specific; the text that you killed on a previously +typed line is available to be yanked back later, when you are typing +another line. +<A NAME="IDX7"></A> + +</P> +<P> +Here is the list of commands for killing text. + +</P> +<DL COMPACT> + +<DT><KBD>C-k</KBD> +<DD> +Kill the text from the current cursor position to the end of the line. + +<DT><KBD>M-d</KBD> +<DD> +Kill from the cursor to the end of the current word, or, if between +words, to the end of the next word. +Word boundaries are the same as those used by <KBD>M-f</KBD>. + +<DT><KBD>M-<KBD>DEL</KBD></KBD> +<DD> +Kill from the cursor the start of the previous word, or, if between +words, to the start of the previous word. +Word boundaries are the same as those used by <KBD>M-b</KBD>. + +<DT><KBD>C-w</KBD> +<DD> +Kill from the cursor to the previous whitespace. This is different than +<KBD>M-<KBD>DEL</KBD></KBD> because the word boundaries differ. + +</DL> + +<P> +Here is how to <EM>yank</EM> the text back into the line. Yanking +means to copy the most-recently-killed text from the kill buffer. + +</P> +<DL COMPACT> + +<DT><KBD>C-y</KBD> +<DD> +Yank the most recently killed text back into the buffer at the cursor. + +<DT><KBD>M-y</KBD> +<DD> +Rotate the kill-ring, and yank the new top. You can only do this if +the prior command is <KBD>C-y</KBD> or <KBD>M-y</KBD>. +</DL> + + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC7" HREF="readline.html#TOC7">Readline Arguments</A></H3> + +<P> +You can pass numeric arguments to Readline commands. Sometimes the +argument acts as a repeat count, other times it is the <I>sign</I> of the +argument that is significant. If you pass a negative argument to a +command which normally acts in a forward direction, that command will +act in a backward direction. For example, to kill text back to the +start of the line, you might type <SAMP>`M-- C-k'</SAMP>. + +</P> +<P> +The general way to pass numeric arguments to a command is to type meta +digits before the command. If the first `digit' typed is a minus +sign (<SAMP>`-'</SAMP>), then the sign of the argument will be negative. Once +you have typed one meta digit to get the argument started, you can type +the remainder of the digits, and then the command. For example, to give +the <KBD>C-d</KBD> command an argument of 10, you could type <SAMP>`M-1 0 C-d'</SAMP>, +which will delete the next ten characters on the input line. + +</P> + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC8" HREF="readline.html#TOC8">Searching for Commands in the History</A></H3> + +<P> +Readline provides commands for searching through the command history +for lines containing a specified string. +There are two search modes: <EM>incremental</EM> and <EM>non-incremental</EM>. + +</P> +<P> +Incremental searches begin before the user has finished typing the +search string. +As each character of the search string is typed, Readline displays +the next entry from the history matching the string typed so far. +An incremental search requires only as many characters as needed to +find the desired history entry. +To search backward in the history for a particular string, type +<KBD>C-r</KBD>. Typing <KBD>C-s</KBD> searches forward through the history. +The characters present in the value of the <CODE>isearch-terminators</CODE> variable +are used to terminate an incremental search. +If that variable has not been assigned a value, the <KBD>ESC</KBD> and +<KBD>C-J</KBD> characters will terminate an incremental search. +<KBD>C-g</KBD> will abort an incremental search and restore the original line. +When the search is terminated, the history entry containing the +search string becomes the current line. + +</P> +<P> +To find other matching entries in the history list, type <KBD>C-r</KBD> or +<KBD>C-s</KBD> as appropriate. +This will search backward or forward in the history for the next +entry matching the search string typed so far. +Any other key sequence bound to a Readline command will terminate +the search and execute that command. +For instance, a <KBD>RET</KBD> will terminate the search and accept +the line, thereby executing the command from the history list. +A movement command will terminate the search, make the last line found +the current line, and begin editing. + +</P> +<P> +Non-incremental searches read the entire search string before starting +to search for matching history lines. The search string may be +typed by the user or be part of the contents of the current line. + +</P> + + +<H2><A NAME="SEC9" HREF="readline.html#TOC9">Readline Init File</A></H2> +<P> +<A NAME="IDX8"></A> + +</P> +<P> +Although the Readline library comes with a set of Emacs-like +keybindings installed by default, it is possible to use a different set +of keybindings. +Any user can customize programs that use Readline by putting +commands in an <EM>inputrc</EM> file, conventionally in his home directory. +The name of this +file is taken from the value of the environment variable @env{INPUTRC}. If +that variable is unset, the default is <TT>`~/.inputrc'</TT>. + +</P> +<P> +When a program which uses the Readline library starts up, the +init file is read, and the key bindings are set. + +</P> +<P> +In addition, the <CODE>C-x C-r</CODE> command re-reads this init file, thus +incorporating any changes that you might have made to it. + +</P> + +<UL> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#SEC10">Readline Init File Syntax</A>: Syntax for the commands in the inputrc file. + +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#SEC11">Conditional Init Constructs</A>: Conditional key bindings in the inputrc file. + +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#SEC12">Sample Init File</A>: An example inputrc file. +</UL> + + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC10" HREF="readline.html#TOC10">Readline Init File Syntax</A></H3> + +<P> +There are only a few basic constructs allowed in the +Readline init file. Blank lines are ignored. +Lines beginning with a <SAMP>`#'</SAMP> are comments. +Lines beginning with a <SAMP>`$'</SAMP> indicate conditional +constructs (see section <A HREF="readline.html#SEC11">Conditional Init Constructs</A>). Other lines +denote variable settings and key bindings. + +</P> +<DL COMPACT> + +<DT>Variable Settings +<DD> +You can modify the run-time behavior of Readline by +altering the values of variables in Readline +using the <CODE>set</CODE> command within the init file. Here is how to +change from the default Emacs-like key binding to use +<CODE>vi</CODE> line editing commands: + + +<PRE> +set editing-mode vi +</PRE> + +A great deal of run-time behavior is changeable with the following +variables. + +<DL COMPACT> + +<DT><CODE>bell-style</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX9"></A> +Controls what happens when Readline wants to ring the terminal bell. +If set to <SAMP>`none'</SAMP>, Readline never rings the bell. If set to +<SAMP>`visible'</SAMP>, Readline uses a visible bell if one is available. +If set to <SAMP>`audible'</SAMP> (the default), Readline attempts to ring +the terminal's bell. + +<DT><CODE>comment-begin</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX10"></A> +The string to insert at the beginning of the line when the +<CODE>insert-comment</CODE> command is executed. The default value +is <CODE>"#"</CODE>. + +<DT><CODE>completion-ignore-case</CODE> +<DD> +If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline performs filename matching and completion +in a case-insensitive fashion. +The default value is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. + +<DT><CODE>completion-query-items</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX11"></A> +The number of possible completions that determines when the user is +asked whether he wants to see the list of possibilities. If the +number of possible completions is greater than this value, +Readline will ask the user whether or not he wishes to view +them; otherwise, they are simply listed. +This variable must be set to an integer value greater than or equal to 0. +The default limit is <CODE>100</CODE>. + +<DT><CODE>convert-meta</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX12"></A> +If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will convert characters with the +eighth bit set to an ASCII key sequence by stripping the eighth +bit and prefixing an <KBD>ESC</KBD> character, converting them to a +meta-prefixed key sequence. The default value is <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>. + +<DT><CODE>disable-completion</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX13"></A> +If set to <SAMP>`On'</SAMP>, Readline will inhibit word completion. +Completion characters will be inserted into the line as if they had +been mapped to <CODE>self-insert</CODE>. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. + +<DT><CODE>editing-mode</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX14"></A> +The <CODE>editing-mode</CODE> variable controls which default set of +key bindings is used. By default, Readline starts up in Emacs editing +mode, where the keystrokes are most similar to Emacs. This variable can be +set to either <SAMP>`emacs'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`vi'</SAMP>. + +<DT><CODE>enable-keypad</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX15"></A> +When set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will try to enable the application +keypad when it is called. Some systems need this to enable the +arrow keys. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. + +<DT><CODE>expand-tilde</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX16"></A> +If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, tilde expansion is performed when Readline +attempts word completion. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. + +<DT><CODE>horizontal-scroll-mode</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX17"></A> +This variable can be set to either <SAMP>`on'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. Setting it +to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP> means that the text of the lines being edited will scroll +horizontally on a single screen line when they are longer than the width +of the screen, instead of wrapping onto a new screen line. By default, +this variable is set to <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. + +<DT><CODE>input-meta</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX18"></A> +<A NAME="IDX19"></A> +If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will enable eight-bit input (it +will not clear the eighth bit in the characters it reads), +regardless of what the terminal claims it can support. The +default value is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. The name <CODE>meta-flag</CODE> is a +synonym for this variable. + +<DT><CODE>isearch-terminators</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX20"></A> +The string of characters that should terminate an incremental search without +subsequently executing the character as a command (see section <A HREF="readline.html#SEC8">Searching for Commands in the History</A>). +If this variable has not been given a value, the characters <KBD>ESC</KBD> and +<KBD>C-J</KBD> will terminate an incremental search. + +<DT><CODE>keymap</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX21"></A> +Sets Readline's idea of the current keymap for key binding commands. +Acceptable <CODE>keymap</CODE> names are +<CODE>emacs</CODE>, +<CODE>emacs-standard</CODE>, +<CODE>emacs-meta</CODE>, +<CODE>emacs-ctlx</CODE>, +<CODE>vi</CODE>, +<CODE>vi-move</CODE>, +<CODE>vi-command</CODE>, and +<CODE>vi-insert</CODE>. +<CODE>vi</CODE> is equivalent to <CODE>vi-command</CODE>; <CODE>emacs</CODE> is +equivalent to <CODE>emacs-standard</CODE>. The default value is <CODE>emacs</CODE>. +The value of the <CODE>editing-mode</CODE> variable also affects the +default keymap. + +<DT><CODE>mark-directories</CODE> +<DD> +If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, completed directory names have a slash +appended. The default is <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>. + +<DT><CODE>mark-modified-lines</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX22"></A> +This variable, when set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, causes Readline to display an +asterisk (<SAMP>`*'</SAMP>) at the start of history lines which have been modified. +This variable is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP> by default. + +<DT><CODE>output-meta</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX23"></A> +If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will display characters with the +eighth bit set directly rather than as a meta-prefixed escape +sequence. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. + +<DT><CODE>print-completions-horizontally</CODE> +<DD> +If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will display completions with matches +sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down the screen. +The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. + +<DT><CODE>show-all-if-ambiguous</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX24"></A> +This alters the default behavior of the completion functions. If +set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, +words which have more than one possible completion cause the +matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell. +The default value is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. + +<DT><CODE>visible-stats</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX25"></A> +If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, a character denoting a file's type +is appended to the filename when listing possible +completions. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. + +</DL> + +<DT>Key Bindings +<DD> +The syntax for controlling key bindings in the init file is +simple. First you need to find the name of the command that you +want to change. The following sections contain tables of the command +name, the default keybinding, if any, and a short description of what +the command does. + +Once you know the name of the command, simply place on a line +in the init file the name of the key +you wish to bind the command to, a colon, and then the name of the +command. The name of the key +can be expressed in different ways, depending on what you find most +comfortable. + +<DL COMPACT> + +<DT><VAR>keyname</VAR>: <VAR>function-name</VAR> or <VAR>macro</VAR> +<DD> +<VAR>keyname</VAR> is the name of a key spelled out in English. For example: + +<PRE> +Control-u: universal-argument +Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word +Control-o: "> output" +</PRE> + +In the above example, <KBD>C-u</KBD> is bound to the function +<CODE>universal-argument</CODE>, +<KBD>M-DEL</KBD> is bound to the function <CODE>backward-kill-word</CODE>, and +<KBD>C-o</KBD> is bound to run the macro +expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the text +<SAMP>`> output'</SAMP> into the line). + +A number of symbolic character names are recognized while +processing this key binding syntax: +<VAR>DEL</VAR>, +<VAR>ESC</VAR>, +<VAR>ESCAPE</VAR>, +<VAR>LFD</VAR>, +<VAR>NEWLINE</VAR>, +<VAR>RET</VAR>, +<VAR>RETURN</VAR>, +<VAR>RUBOUT</VAR>, +<VAR>SPACE</VAR>, +<VAR>SPC</VAR>, +and +<VAR>TAB</VAR>. + +<DT>"<VAR>keyseq</VAR>": <VAR>function-name</VAR> or <VAR>macro</VAR> +<DD> +<VAR>keyseq</VAR> differs from <VAR>keyname</VAR> above in that strings +denoting an entire key sequence can be specified, by placing +the key sequence in double quotes. Some GNU Emacs style key +escapes can be used, as in the following example, but the +special character names are not recognized. + + +<PRE> +"\C-u": universal-argument +"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file +"\e[11~": "Function Key 1" +</PRE> + +In the above example, <KBD>C-u</KBD> is again bound to the function +<CODE>universal-argument</CODE> (just as it was in the first example), +<SAMP>`<KBD>C-x</KBD> <KBD>C-r</KBD>'</SAMP> is bound to the function <CODE>re-read-init-file</CODE>, +and <SAMP>`<KBD>ESC</KBD> <KBD>[</KBD> <KBD>1</KBD> <KBD>1</KBD> <KBD>~</KBD>'</SAMP> is bound to insert +the text <SAMP>`Function Key 1'</SAMP>. + +</DL> + +The following GNU Emacs style escape sequences are available when +specifying key sequences: + +<DL COMPACT> + +<DT><CODE><KBD>\C-</KBD></CODE> +<DD> +control prefix +<DT><CODE><KBD>\M-</KBD></CODE> +<DD> +meta prefix +<DT><CODE><KBD>\e</KBD></CODE> +<DD> +an escape character +<DT><CODE><KBD>\\</KBD></CODE> +<DD> +backslash +<DT><CODE><KBD>\"</KBD></CODE> +<DD> +<KBD>"</KBD>, a double quotation mark +<DT><CODE><KBD>\'</KBD></CODE> +<DD> +<KBD>'</KBD>, a single quote or apostrophe +</DL> + +In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second +set of backslash escapes is available: + +<DL COMPACT> + +<DT><CODE>\a</CODE> +<DD> +alert (bell) +<DT><CODE>\b</CODE> +<DD> +backspace +<DT><CODE>\d</CODE> +<DD> +delete +<DT><CODE>\f</CODE> +<DD> +form feed +<DT><CODE>\n</CODE> +<DD> +newline +<DT><CODE>\r</CODE> +<DD> +carriage return +<DT><CODE>\t</CODE> +<DD> +horizontal tab +<DT><CODE>\v</CODE> +<DD> +vertical tab +<DT><CODE>\<VAR>nnn</VAR></CODE> +<DD> +the character whose ASCII code is the octal value <VAR>nnn</VAR> +(one to three digits) +<DT><CODE>\x<VAR>nnn</VAR></CODE> +<DD> +the character whose ASCII code is the hexadecimal value <VAR>nnn</VAR> +(one to three digits) +</DL> + +When entering the text of a macro, single or double quotes must +be used to indicate a macro definition. +Unquoted text is assumed to be a function name. +In the macro body, the backslash escapes described above are expanded. +Backslash will quote any other character in the macro text, +including <SAMP>`"'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`''</SAMP>. +For example, the following binding will make <SAMP>`<KBD>C-x</KBD> \'</SAMP> +insert a single <SAMP>`\'</SAMP> into the line: + +<PRE> +"\C-x\\": "\\" +</PRE> + +</DL> + + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC11" HREF="readline.html#TOC11">Conditional Init Constructs</A></H3> + +<P> +Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional +compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key +bindings and variable settings to be performed as the result +of tests. There are four parser directives used. + +</P> +<DL COMPACT> + +<DT><CODE>$if</CODE> +<DD> +The <CODE>$if</CODE> construct allows bindings to be made based on the +editing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using +Readline. The text of the test extends to the end of the line; +no characters are required to isolate it. + +<DL COMPACT> + +<DT><CODE>mode</CODE> +<DD> +The <CODE>mode=</CODE> form of the <CODE>$if</CODE> directive is used to test +whether Readline is in <CODE>emacs</CODE> or <CODE>vi</CODE> mode. +This may be used in conjunction +with the <SAMP>`set keymap'</SAMP> command, for instance, to set bindings in +the <CODE>emacs-standard</CODE> and <CODE>emacs-ctlx</CODE> keymaps only if +Readline is starting out in <CODE>emacs</CODE> mode. + +<DT><CODE>term</CODE> +<DD> +The <CODE>term=</CODE> form may be used to include terminal-specific +key bindings, perhaps to bind the key sequences output by the +terminal's function keys. The word on the right side of the +<SAMP>`='</SAMP> is tested against both the full name of the terminal and +the portion of the terminal name before the first <SAMP>`-'</SAMP>. This +allows <CODE>sun</CODE> to match both <CODE>sun</CODE> and <CODE>sun-cmd</CODE>, +for instance. + +<DT><CODE>application</CODE> +<DD> +The <VAR>application</VAR> construct is used to include +application-specific settings. Each program using the Readline +library sets the <VAR>application name</VAR>, and you can test for it. +This could be used to bind key sequences to functions useful for +a specific program. For instance, the following command adds a +key sequence that quotes the current or previous word in Bash: + +<PRE> +$if Bash +# Quote the current or previous word +"\C-xq": "\eb\"\ef\"" +$endif +</PRE> + +</DL> + +<DT><CODE>$endif</CODE> +<DD> +This command, as seen in the previous example, terminates an +<CODE>$if</CODE> command. + +<DT><CODE>$else</CODE> +<DD> +Commands in this branch of the <CODE>$if</CODE> directive are executed if +the test fails. + +<DT><CODE>$include</CODE> +<DD> +This directive takes a single filename as an argument and reads commands +and bindings from that file. + +<PRE> +$include /etc/inputrc +</PRE> + +</DL> + + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC12" HREF="readline.html#TOC12">Sample Init File</A></H3> + +<P> +Here is an example of an <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file. This illustrates key +binding, variable assignment, and conditional syntax. + +</P> + +<PRE> +# This file controls the behaviour of line input editing for +# programs that use the Gnu Readline library. Existing programs +# include FTP, Bash, and Gdb. +# +# You can re-read the inputrc file with C-x C-r. +# Lines beginning with '#' are comments. +# +# First, include any systemwide bindings and variable assignments from +# /etc/Inputrc +$include /etc/Inputrc + +# +# Set various bindings for emacs mode. + +set editing-mode emacs + +$if mode=emacs + +Meta-Control-h: backward-kill-word Text after the function name is ignored + +# +# Arrow keys in keypad mode +# +#"\M-OD": backward-char +#"\M-OC": forward-char +#"\M-OA": previous-history +#"\M-OB": next-history +# +# Arrow keys in ANSI mode +# +"\M-[D": backward-char +"\M-[C": forward-char +"\M-[A": previous-history +"\M-[B": next-history +# +# Arrow keys in 8 bit keypad mode +# +#"\M-\C-OD": backward-char +#"\M-\C-OC": forward-char +#"\M-\C-OA": previous-history +#"\M-\C-OB": next-history +# +# Arrow keys in 8 bit ANSI mode +# +#"\M-\C-[D": backward-char +#"\M-\C-[C": forward-char +#"\M-\C-[A": previous-history +#"\M-\C-[B": next-history + +C-q: quoted-insert + +$endif + +# An old-style binding. This happens to be the default. +TAB: complete + +# Macros that are convenient for shell interaction +$if Bash +# edit the path +"\C-xp": "PATH=${PATH}\e\C-e\C-a\ef\C-f" +# prepare to type a quoted word -- insert open and close double quotes +# and move to just after the open quote +"\C-x\"": "\"\"\C-b" +# insert a backslash (testing backslash escapes in sequences and macros) +"\C-x\\": "\\" +# Quote the current or previous word +"\C-xq": "\eb\"\ef\"" +# Add a binding to refresh the line, which is unbound +"\C-xr": redraw-current-line +# Edit variable on current line. +"\M-\C-v": "\C-a\C-k$\C-y\M-\C-e\C-a\C-y=" +$endif + +# use a visible bell if one is available +set bell-style visible + +# don't strip characters to 7 bits when reading +set input-meta on + +# allow iso-latin1 characters to be inserted rather than converted to +# prefix-meta sequences +set convert-meta off + +# display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than +# as meta-prefixed characters +set output-meta on + +# if there are more than 150 possible completions for a word, ask the +# user if he wants to see all of them +set completion-query-items 150 + +# For FTP +$if Ftp +"\C-xg": "get \M-?" +"\C-xt": "put \M-?" +"\M-.": yank-last-arg +$endif +</PRE> + + + +<H2><A NAME="SEC13" HREF="readline.html#TOC13">Bindable Readline Commands</A></H2> + + +<UL> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#SEC14">Commands For Moving</A>: Moving about the line. +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#SEC15">Commands For History</A>: Getting at previous lines. +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#SEC16">Commands For Text</A>: Commands for changing text. +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#SEC17">Commands For Killing</A>: Commands for killing and yanking. +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#SEC18">Numeric Arguments</A>: Specifying numeric arguments, repeat counts. +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#SEC19">Commands For Completion</A>: Getting Readline to do the typing for you. +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#SEC20">Keyboard Macros</A>: Saving and re-executing typed characters +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#SEC21">Miscellaneous Commands</A>: Other miscellaneous commands. +</UL> + +<P> +This section describes Readline commands that may be bound to key +sequences. + +</P> +<P> +Command names without an accompanying key sequence are unbound by default. +In the following descriptions, <EM>point</EM> refers to the current cursor +position, and <EM>mark</EM> refers to a cursor position saved by the +<CODE>set-mark</CODE> command. +The text between the point and mark is referred to as the <EM>region</EM>. + +</P> + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC14" HREF="readline.html#TOC14">Commands For Moving</A></H3> +<DL COMPACT> + +<DT><CODE>beginning-of-line (C-a)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX26"></A> +Move to the start of the current line. + +<DT><CODE>end-of-line (C-e)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX27"></A> +Move to the end of the line. + +<DT><CODE>forward-char (C-f)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX28"></A> +Move forward a character. + +<DT><CODE>backward-char (C-b)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX29"></A> +Move back a character. + +<DT><CODE>forward-word (M-f)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX30"></A> +Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are composed of +letters and digits. + +<DT><CODE>backward-word (M-b)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX31"></A> +Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words are +composed of letters and digits. + +<DT><CODE>clear-screen (C-l)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX32"></A> +Clear the screen and redraw the current line, +leaving the current line at the top of the screen. + +<DT><CODE>redraw-current-line ()</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX33"></A> +Refresh the current line. By default, this is unbound. + +</DL> + + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC15" HREF="readline.html#TOC15">Commands For Manipulating The History</A></H3> + +<DL COMPACT> + +<DT><CODE>accept-line (Newline or Return)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX34"></A> +Accept the line regardless of where the cursor is. +If this line is +non-empty, it may be added to the history list for future recall with +<CODE>add_history()</CODE>. +If this line is a modified history line, then restore the history line +to its original state. + +<DT><CODE>previous-history (C-p)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX35"></A> +Move `up' through the history list. + +<DT><CODE>next-history (C-n)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX36"></A> +Move `down' through the history list. + +<DT><CODE>beginning-of-history (M-<)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX37"></A> +Move to the first line in the history. + +<DT><CODE>end-of-history (M->)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX38"></A> +Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently +being entered. + +<DT><CODE>reverse-search-history (C-r)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX39"></A> +Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up' through +the history as necessary. This is an incremental search. + +<DT><CODE>forward-search-history (C-s)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX40"></A> +Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down' through +the the history as necessary. This is an incremental search. + +<DT><CODE>non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX41"></A> +Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up' +through the history as necessary using a non-incremental search +for a string supplied by the user. + +<DT><CODE>non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX42"></A> +Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down' +through the the history as necessary using a non-incremental search +for a string supplied by the user. + +<DT><CODE>history-search-forward ()</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX43"></A> +Search forward through the history for the string of characters +between the start of the current line and the point. +This is a non-incremental search. +By default, this command is unbound. + +<DT><CODE>history-search-backward ()</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX44"></A> +Search backward through the history for the string of characters +between the start of the current line and the point. This +is a non-incremental search. By default, this command is unbound. + +<DT><CODE>yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX45"></A> +Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually +the second word on the previous line). With an argument <VAR>n</VAR>, +insert the <VAR>n</VAR>th word from the previous command (the words +in the previous command begin with word 0). A negative argument +inserts the <VAR>n</VAR>th word from the end of the previous command. + +<DT><CODE>yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX46"></A> +Insert last argument to the previous command (the last word of the +previous history entry). With an +argument, behave exactly like <CODE>yank-nth-arg</CODE>. +Successive calls to <CODE>yank-last-arg</CODE> move back through the history +list, inserting the last argument of each line in turn. + +</DL> + + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC16" HREF="readline.html#TOC16">Commands For Changing Text</A></H3> + +<DL COMPACT> + +<DT><CODE>delete-char (C-d)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX47"></A> +Delete the character under the cursor. If the cursor is at the +beginning of the line, there are no characters in the line, and +the last character typed was not bound to <CODE>delete-char</CODE>, then +return EOF. + +<DT><CODE>backward-delete-char (Rubout)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX48"></A> +Delete the character behind the cursor. A numeric argument means +to kill the characters instead of deleting them. + +<DT><CODE>forward-backward-delete-char ()</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX49"></A> +Delete the character under the cursor, unless the cursor is at the +end of the line, in which case the character behind the cursor is +deleted. By default, this is not bound to a key. + +<DT><CODE>quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX50"></A> +Add the next character typed to the line verbatim. This is +how to insert key sequences like <KBD>C-q</KBD>, for example. + +<DT><CODE>tab-insert (M-<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX51"></A> +Insert a tab character. + +<DT><CODE>self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, ...)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX52"></A> +Insert yourself. + +<DT><CODE>transpose-chars (C-t)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX53"></A> +Drag the character before the cursor forward over +the character at the cursor, moving the +cursor forward as well. If the insertion point +is at the end of the line, then this +transposes the last two characters of the line. +Negative arguments have no effect. + +<DT><CODE>transpose-words (M-t)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX54"></A> +Drag the word before point past the word after point, +moving point past that word as well. + +<DT><CODE>upcase-word (M-u)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX55"></A> +Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, +uppercase the previous word, but do not move the cursor. + +<DT><CODE>downcase-word (M-l)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX56"></A> +Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, +lowercase the previous word, but do not move the cursor. + +<DT><CODE>capitalize-word (M-c)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX57"></A> +Capitalize the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, +capitalize the previous word, but do not move the cursor. + +</DL> + + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC17" HREF="readline.html#TOC17">Killing And Yanking</A></H3> + +<DL COMPACT> + +<DT><CODE>kill-line (C-k)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX58"></A> +Kill the text from point to the end of the line. + +<DT><CODE>backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX59"></A> +Kill backward to the beginning of the line. + +<DT><CODE>unix-line-discard (C-u)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX60"></A> +Kill backward from the cursor to the beginning of the current line. + +<DT><CODE>kill-whole-line ()</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX61"></A> +Kill all characters on the current line, no matter point is. +By default, this is unbound. + +<DT><CODE>kill-word (M-d)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX62"></A> +Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between +words, to the end of the next word. +Word boundaries are the same as <CODE>forward-word</CODE>. + +<DT><CODE>backward-kill-word (M-<KBD>DEL</KBD>)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX63"></A> +Kill the word behind point. +Word boundaries are the same as <CODE>backward-word</CODE>. + +<DT><CODE>unix-word-rubout (C-w)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX64"></A> +Kill the word behind point, using white space as a word boundary. +The killed text is saved on the kill-ring. + +<DT><CODE>delete-horizontal-space ()</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX65"></A> +Delete all spaces and tabs around point. By default, this is unbound. + +<DT><CODE>kill-region ()</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX66"></A> +Kill the text in the current region. +By default, this command is unbound. + +<DT><CODE>copy-region-as-kill ()</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX67"></A> +Copy the text in the region to the kill buffer, so it can be yanked +right away. By default, this command is unbound. + +<DT><CODE>copy-backward-word ()</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX68"></A> +Copy the word before point to the kill buffer. +The word boundaries are the same as <CODE>backward-word</CODE>. +By default, this command is unbound. + +<DT><CODE>copy-forward-word ()</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX69"></A> +Copy the word following point to the kill buffer. +The word boundaries are the same as <CODE>forward-word</CODE>. +By default, this command is unbound. + +<DT><CODE>yank (C-y)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX70"></A> +Yank the top of the kill ring into the buffer at the current +cursor position. + +<DT><CODE>yank-pop (M-y)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX71"></A> +Rotate the kill-ring, and yank the new top. You can only do this if +the prior command is <CODE>yank</CODE> or <CODE>yank-pop</CODE>. +</DL> + + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC18" HREF="readline.html#TOC18">Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></H3> +<DL COMPACT> + +<DT><CODE>digit-argument (<KBD>M-0</KBD>, <KBD>M-1</KBD>, ... <KBD>M--</KBD>)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX72"></A> +Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a new +argument. <KBD>M--</KBD> starts a negative argument. + +<DT><CODE>universal-argument ()</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX73"></A> +This is another way to specify an argument. +If this command is followed by one or more digits, optionally with a +leading minus sign, those digits define the argument. +If the command is followed by digits, executing <CODE>universal-argument</CODE> +again ends the numeric argument, but is otherwise ignored. +As a special case, if this command is immediately followed by a +character that is neither a digit or minus sign, the argument count +for the next command is multiplied by four. +The argument count is initially one, so executing this function the +first time makes the argument count four, a second time makes the +argument count sixteen, and so on. +By default, this is not bound to a key. +</DL> + + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC19" HREF="readline.html#TOC19">Letting Readline Type For You</A></H3> + +<DL COMPACT> + +<DT><CODE>complete (<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX74"></A> +Attempt to perform completion on the text before point. +The actual completion performed is application-specific. +The default is filename completion. + +<DT><CODE>possible-completions (M-?)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX75"></A> +List the possible completions of the text before the cursor. + +<DT><CODE>insert-completions (M-*)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX76"></A> +Insert all completions of the text before point that would have +been generated by <CODE>possible-completions</CODE>. + +<DT><CODE>menu-complete ()</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX77"></A> +Similar to <CODE>complete</CODE>, but replaces the word to be completed +with a single match from the list of possible completions. +Repeated execution of <CODE>menu-complete</CODE> steps through the list +of possible completions, inserting each match in turn. +At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung and the +original text is restored. +An argument of <VAR>n</VAR> moves <VAR>n</VAR> positions forward in the list +of matches; a negative argument may be used to move backward +through the list. +This command is intended to be bound to <KBD>TAB</KBD>, but is unbound +by default. + +<DT><CODE>delete-char-or-list ()</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX78"></A> +Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the beginning or +end of the line (like <CODE>delete-char</CODE>). +If at the end of the line, behaves identically to +<CODE>possible-completions</CODE>. +This command is unbound by default. + +</DL> + + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC20" HREF="readline.html#TOC20">Keyboard Macros</A></H3> +<DL COMPACT> + +<DT><CODE>start-kbd-macro (C-x ()</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX79"></A> +Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro. + +<DT><CODE>end-kbd-macro (C-x ))</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX80"></A> +Stop saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro +and save the definition. + +<DT><CODE>call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX81"></A> +Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the characters +in the macro appear as if typed at the keyboard. + +</DL> + + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC21" HREF="readline.html#TOC21">Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></H3> +<DL COMPACT> + +<DT><CODE>re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX82"></A> +Read in the contents of the <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file, and incorporate +any bindings or variable assignments found there. + +<DT><CODE>abort (C-g)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX83"></A> +Abort the current editing command and +ring the terminal's bell (subject to the setting of +<CODE>bell-style</CODE>). + +<DT><CODE>do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-<VAR>x</VAR>, ...)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX84"></A> +If the metafied character <VAR>x</VAR> is lowercase, run the command +that is bound to the corresponding uppercase character. + +<DT><CODE>prefix-meta (<KBD>ESC</KBD>)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX85"></A> +Make the next character typed be metafied. This is for keyboards +without a meta key. Typing <SAMP>`<KBD>ESC</KBD> f'</SAMP> is equivalent to typing +<KBD>M-f</KBD>. + +<DT><CODE>undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX86"></A> +Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line. + +<DT><CODE>revert-line (M-r)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX87"></A> +Undo all changes made to this line. This is like executing the <CODE>undo</CODE> +command enough times to get back to the beginning. + +<DT><CODE>tilde-expand (M-~)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX88"></A> +Perform tilde expansion on the current word. + +<DT><CODE>set-mark (C-@)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX89"></A> +Set the mark to the current point. If a +numeric argument is supplied, the mark is set to that position. + +<DT><CODE>exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX90"></A> +Swap the point with the mark. The current cursor position is set to +the saved position, and the old cursor position is saved as the mark. + +<DT><CODE>character-search (C-])</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX91"></A> +A character is read and point is moved to the next occurrence of that +character. A negative count searches for previous occurrences. + +<DT><CODE>character-search-backward (M-C-])</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX92"></A> +A character is read and point is moved to the previous occurrence +of that character. A negative count searches for subsequent +occurrences. + +<DT><CODE>insert-comment (M-#)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX93"></A> +The value of the <CODE>comment-begin</CODE> +variable is inserted at the beginning of the current line, +and the line is accepted as if a newline had been typed. + +<DT><CODE>dump-functions ()</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX94"></A> +Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the +Readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, +the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part +of an <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file. This command is unbound by default. + +<DT><CODE>dump-variables ()</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX95"></A> +Print all of the settable variables and their values to the +Readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, +the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part +of an <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file. This command is unbound by default. + +<DT><CODE>dump-macros ()</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX96"></A> +Print all of the Readline key sequences bound to macros and the +strings they output. If a numeric argument is supplied, +the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part +of an <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file. This command is unbound by default. + +</DL> + + + +<H2><A NAME="SEC22" HREF="readline.html#TOC22">Readline vi Mode</A></H2> + +<P> +While the Readline library does not have a full set of <CODE>vi</CODE> +editing functions, it does contain enough to allow simple editing +of the line. The Readline <CODE>vi</CODE> mode behaves as specified in +the POSIX 1003.2 standard. + +</P> +<P> +In order to switch interactively between <CODE>emacs</CODE> and <CODE>vi</CODE> +editing modes, use the command <KBD>M-C-j</KBD> (toggle-editing-mode). +The Readline default is <CODE>emacs</CODE> mode. + +</P> +<P> +When you enter a line in <CODE>vi</CODE> mode, you are already placed in +`insertion' mode, as if you had typed an <SAMP>`i'</SAMP>. Pressing <KBD>ESC</KBD> +switches you into `command' mode, where you can edit the text of the +line with the standard <CODE>vi</CODE> movement keys, move to previous +history lines with <SAMP>`k'</SAMP> and subsequent lines with <SAMP>`j'</SAMP>, and +so forth. + +</P> + + + +<H1><A NAME="SEC23" HREF="readline.html#TOC23">Programming with GNU Readline</A></H1> + +<P> +This chapter describes the interface between the GNU Readline Library and +other programs. If you are a programmer, and you wish to include the +features found in GNU Readline +such as completion, line editing, and interactive history manipulation +in your own programs, this section is for you. + +</P> + +<UL> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#SEC24">Basic Behavior</A>: Using the default behavior of Readline. +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#SEC25">Custom Functions</A>: Adding your own functions to Readline. +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#SEC28">Readline Variables</A>: Variables accessible to custom + functions. +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#SEC29">Readline Convenience Functions</A>: Functions which Readline supplies to + aid in writing your own custom + functions. +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#SEC42">Readline Signal Handling</A>: How Readline behaves when it receives signals. +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#SEC43">Custom Completers</A>: Supplanting or supplementing Readline's + completion functions. +</UL> + + + +<H2><A NAME="SEC24" HREF="readline.html#TOC24">Basic Behavior</A></H2> + +<P> +Many programs provide a command line interface, such as <CODE>mail</CODE>, +<CODE>ftp</CODE>, and <CODE>sh</CODE>. For such programs, the default behaviour of +Readline is sufficient. This section describes how to use Readline in +the simplest way possible, perhaps to replace calls in your code to +<CODE>gets()</CODE> or <CODE>fgets()</CODE>. + +</P> +<P> +<A NAME="IDX97"></A> +<A NAME="IDX98"></A> + +</P> + +<PRE> +<CODE>char *readline (const char *<VAR>prompt</VAR>);</CODE> +</PRE> + +<P> +The function <CODE>readline()</CODE> prints a prompt <VAR>prompt</VAR> +and then reads and returns a single line of text from the user. +If <VAR>prompt</VAR> is <CODE>NULL</CODE> or the empty string, no prompt is displayed. +The line <CODE>readline</CODE> returns is allocated with <CODE>malloc()</CODE>; +the caller should <CODE>free()</CODE> the line when it has finished with it. +The declaration for <CODE>readline</CODE> in ANSI C is + +</P> +<P> +So, one might say + +<PRE> +<CODE>char *line = readline ("Enter a line: ");</CODE> +</PRE> + +<P> +in order to read a line of text from the user. +The line returned has the final newline removed, so only the +text remains. + +</P> +<P> +If <CODE>readline</CODE> encounters an <CODE>EOF</CODE> while reading the line, and the +line is empty at that point, then <CODE>(char *)NULL</CODE> is returned. +Otherwise, the line is ended just as if a newline had been typed. + +</P> +<P> +If you want the user to be able to get at the line later, (with +<KBD>C-p</KBD> for example), you must call <CODE>add_history()</CODE> to save the +line away in a <EM>history</EM> list of such lines. + +</P> + +<PRE> +<CODE>add_history (line)</CODE>; +</PRE> + +<P> +For full details on the GNU History Library, see the associated manual. + +</P> +<P> +It is preferable to avoid saving empty lines on the history list, since +users rarely have a burning need to reuse a blank line. Here is +a function which usefully replaces the standard <CODE>gets()</CODE> library +function, and has the advantage of no static buffer to overflow: + +</P> + +<PRE> +/* A static variable for holding the line. */ +static char *line_read = (char *)NULL; + +/* Read a string, and return a pointer to it. Returns NULL on EOF. */ +char * +rl_gets () +{ + /* If the buffer has already been allocated, return the memory + to the free pool. */ + if (line_read) + { + free (line_read); + line_read = (char *)NULL; + } + + /* Get a line from the user. */ + line_read = readline (""); + + /* If the line has any text in it, save it on the history. */ + if (line_read && *line_read) + add_history (line_read); + + return (line_read); +} +</PRE> + +<P> +This function gives the user the default behaviour of <KBD>TAB</KBD> +completion: completion on file names. If you do not want Readline to +complete on filenames, you can change the binding of the <KBD>TAB</KBD> key +with <CODE>rl_bind_key()</CODE>. + +</P> + +<PRE> +<CODE>int rl_bind_key (int <VAR>key</VAR>, rl_command_func_t *<VAR>function</VAR>);</CODE> +</PRE> + +<P> +<CODE>rl_bind_key()</CODE> takes two arguments: <VAR>key</VAR> is the character that +you want to bind, and <VAR>function</VAR> is the address of the function to +call when <VAR>key</VAR> is pressed. Binding <KBD>TAB</KBD> to <CODE>rl_insert()</CODE> +makes <KBD>TAB</KBD> insert itself. +<CODE>rl_bind_key()</CODE> returns non-zero if <VAR>key</VAR> is not a valid +ASCII character code (between 0 and 255). + +</P> +<P> +Thus, to disable the default <KBD>TAB</KBD> behavior, the following suffices: + +<PRE> +<CODE>rl_bind_key ('\t', rl_insert);</CODE> +</PRE> + +<P> +This code should be executed once at the start of your program; you +might write a function called <CODE>initialize_readline()</CODE> which +performs this and other desired initializations, such as installing +custom completers (see section <A HREF="readline.html#SEC43">Custom Completers</A>). + +</P> + + +<H2><A NAME="SEC25" HREF="readline.html#TOC25">Custom Functions</A></H2> + +<P> +Readline provides many functions for manipulating the text of +the line, but it isn't possible to anticipate the needs of all +programs. This section describes the various functions and variables +defined within the Readline library which allow a user program to add +customized functionality to Readline. + +</P> +<P> +Before declaring any functions that customize Readline's behavior, or +using any functionality Readline provides in other code, an +application writer should include the file <CODE><readline/readline.h></CODE> +in any file that uses Readline's features. Since some of the definitions +in <CODE>readline.h</CODE> use the <CODE>stdio</CODE> library, the file +<CODE><stdio.h></CODE> should be included before <CODE>readline.h</CODE>. + +</P> + +<UL> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#SEC26">Readline Typedefs</A>: C declarations to make code readable. +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#SEC27">Function Writing</A>: Variables and calling conventions. +</UL> + + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC26" HREF="readline.html#TOC26">Readline Typedefs</A></H3> + +<P> +For readabilty, we declare a number of new object types, all pointers +to functions. + +</P> +<P> +The reason for declaring these new types is to make it easier to write +code describing pointers to C functions with appropriately prototyped +arguments and return values. + +</P> +<P> +For instance, say we want to declare a variable <VAR>func</VAR> as a pointer +to a function which takes two <CODE>int</CODE> arguments and returns an +<CODE>int</CODE> (this is the type of all of the Readline bindable functions). +Instead of the classic C declaration + +</P> +<P> +<CODE>int (*func)();</CODE> + +</P> +<P> +or the ANSI-C style declaration + +</P> +<P> +<CODE>int (*func)(int, int);</CODE> + +</P> +<P> +we may write + +</P> +<P> +<CODE>rl_command_func_t *func;</CODE> + +</P> +<P> +The full list of function pointer types available is + +</P> +<DL COMPACT> + +<DT><CODE>typedef int rl_command_func_t (int, int);</CODE> +<DD> +<DT><CODE>typedef char *rl_compentry_func_t (const char *, int);</CODE> +<DD> +<DT><CODE>typedef char **rl_completion_func_t (const char *, int, int);</CODE> +<DD> +<DT><CODE>typedef char *rl_quote_func_t (char *, int, char *);</CODE> +<DD> +<DT><CODE>typedef char *rl_dequote_func_t (char *, int);</CODE> +<DD> +<DT><CODE>typedef int rl_compignore_func_t (char **);</CODE> +<DD> +<DT><CODE>typedef void rl_compdisp_func_t (char **, int, int);</CODE> +<DD> +<DT><CODE>typedef int rl_hook_func_t (void);</CODE> +<DD> +<DT><CODE>typedef int rl_getc_func_t (FILE *);</CODE> +<DD> +<DT><CODE>typedef int rl_linebuf_func_t (char *, int);</CODE> +<DD> +<DT><CODE>typedef int rl_intfunc_t (int);</CODE> +<DD> +<DT><CODE>#define rl_ivoidfunc_t rl_hook_func_t</CODE> +<DD> +<DT><CODE>typedef int rl_icpfunc_t (char *);</CODE> +<DD> +<DT><CODE>typedef int rl_icppfunc_t (char **);</CODE> +<DD> +<DT><CODE>typedef void rl_voidfunc_t (void);</CODE> +<DD> +<DT><CODE>typedef void rl_vintfunc_t (int);</CODE> +<DD> +<DT><CODE>typedef void rl_vcpfunc_t (char *);</CODE> +<DD> +<DT><CODE>typedef void rl_vcppfunc_t (char **);</CODE> +<DD> +</DL> + + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC27" HREF="readline.html#TOC27">Writing a New Function</A></H3> + +<P> +In order to write new functions for Readline, you need to know the +calling conventions for keyboard-invoked functions, and the names of the +variables that describe the current state of the line read so far. + +</P> +<P> +The calling sequence for a command <CODE>foo</CODE> looks like + +</P> + +<PRE> +<CODE>foo (int count, int key)</CODE> +</PRE> + +<P> +where <VAR>count</VAR> is the numeric argument (or 1 if defaulted) and +<VAR>key</VAR> is the key that invoked this function. + +</P> +<P> +It is completely up to the function as to what should be done with the +numeric argument. Some functions use it as a repeat count, some +as a flag, and others to choose alternate behavior (refreshing the current +line as opposed to refreshing the screen, for example). Some choose to +ignore it. In general, if a +function uses the numeric argument as a repeat count, it should be able +to do something useful with both negative and positive arguments. +At the very least, it should be aware that it can be passed a +negative argument. + +</P> + + +<H2><A NAME="SEC28" HREF="readline.html#TOC28">Readline Variables</A></H2> + +<P> +These variables are available to function writers. + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> char * <B>rl_line_buffer</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX99"></A> +This is the line gathered so far. You are welcome to modify the +contents of the line, but see section <A HREF="readline.html#SEC34">Allowing Undoing</A>. The +function <CODE>rl_extend_line_buffer</CODE> is available to increase +the memory allocated to <CODE>rl_line_buffer</CODE>. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> int <B>rl_point</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX100"></A> +The offset of the current cursor position in <CODE>rl_line_buffer</CODE> +(the <EM>point</EM>). +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> int <B>rl_end</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX101"></A> +The number of characters present in <CODE>rl_line_buffer</CODE>. When +<CODE>rl_point</CODE> is at the end of the line, <CODE>rl_point</CODE> and +<CODE>rl_end</CODE> are equal. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> int <B>rl_mark</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX102"></A> +The <VAR>mark</VAR> (saved position) in the current line. If set, the mark +and point define a <EM>region</EM>. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> int <B>rl_done</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX103"></A> +Setting this to a non-zero value causes Readline to return the current +line immediately. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> int <B>rl_num_chars_to_read</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX104"></A> +Setting this to a positive value before calling <CODE>readline()</CODE> causes +Readline to return after accepting that many characters, rather +than reading up to a character bound to <CODE>accept-line</CODE>. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> int <B>rl_pending_input</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX105"></A> +Setting this to a value makes it the next keystroke read. This is a +way to stuff a single character into the input stream. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> int <B>rl_dispatching</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX106"></A> +Set to a non-zero value if a function is being called from a key binding; +zero otherwise. Application functions can test this to discover whether +they were called directly or by Readline's dispatching mechanism. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> int <B>rl_erase_empty_line</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX107"></A> +Setting this to a non-zero value causes Readline to completely erase +the current line, including any prompt, any time a newline is typed as +the only character on an otherwise-empty line. The cursor is moved to +the beginning of the newly-blank line. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> char * <B>rl_prompt</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX108"></A> +The prompt Readline uses. This is set from the argument to +<CODE>readline()</CODE>, and should not be assigned to directly. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> int <B>rl_already_prompted</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX109"></A> +If an application wishes to display the prompt itself, rather than have +Readline do it the first time <CODE>readline()</CODE> is called, it should set +this variable to a non-zero value after displaying the prompt. +The prompt must also be passed as the argument to <CODE>readline()</CODE> so +the redisplay functions can update the display properly. +The calling application is responsible for managing the value; Readline +never sets it. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> const char * <B>rl_library_version</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX110"></A> +The version number of this revision of the library. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> int <B>rl_gnu_readline_p</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX111"></A> +Always set to 1, denoting that this is GNU readline rather than some +emulation. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> const char * <B>rl_terminal_name</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX112"></A> +The terminal type, used for initialization. If not set by the application, +Readline sets this to the value of the @env{TERM} environment variable +the first time it is called. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> const char * <B>rl_readline_name</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX113"></A> +This variable is set to a unique name by each application using Readline. +The value allows conditional parsing of the inputrc file +(see section <A HREF="readline.html#SEC11">Conditional Init Constructs</A>). +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> FILE * <B>rl_instream</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX114"></A> +The stdio stream from which Readline reads input. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> FILE * <B>rl_outstream</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX115"></A> +The stdio stream to which Readline performs output. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> rl_command_func_t * <B>rl_last_func</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX116"></A> +The address of the last command function Readline executed. May be used to +test whether or not a function is being executed twice in succession, for +example. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> rl_hook_func_t * <B>rl_startup_hook</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX117"></A> +If non-zero, this is the address of a function to call just +before <CODE>readline</CODE> prints the first prompt. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> rl_hook_func_t * <B>rl_pre_input_hook</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX118"></A> +If non-zero, this is the address of a function to call after +the first prompt has been printed and just before <CODE>readline</CODE> +starts reading input characters. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> rl_hook_func_t * <B>rl_event_hook</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX119"></A> +If non-zero, this is the address of a function to call periodically +when readline is waiting for terminal input. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> rl_getc_func_t * <B>rl_getc_function</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX120"></A> +If non-zero, <CODE>readline</CODE> will call indirectly through this pointer +to get a character from the input stream. By default, it is set to +<CODE>rl_getc</CODE>, the default <CODE>readline</CODE> character input function +(see section <A HREF="readline.html#SEC37">Character Input</A>). +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> rl_voidfunc_t * <B>rl_redisplay_function</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX121"></A> +If non-zero, <CODE>readline</CODE> will call indirectly through this pointer +to update the display with the current contents of the editing buffer. +By default, it is set to <CODE>rl_redisplay</CODE>, the default <CODE>readline</CODE> +redisplay function (see section <A HREF="readline.html#SEC35">Redisplay</A>). +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> rl_vintfunc_t * <B>rl_prep_term_function</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX122"></A> +If non-zero, <CODE>readline</CODE> will call indirectly through this pointer +to initialize the terminal. The function takes a single argument, an +<CODE>int</CODE> flag that says whether or not to use eight-bit characters. +By default, this is set to <CODE>rl_prep_terminal</CODE> +(see section <A HREF="readline.html#SEC38">Terminal Management</A>). +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> rl_voidfunc_t * <B>rl_deprep_term_function</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX123"></A> +If non-zero, <CODE>readline</CODE> will call indirectly through this pointer +to reset the terminal. This function should undo the effects of +<CODE>rl_prep_term_function</CODE>. +By default, this is set to <CODE>rl_deprep_terminal</CODE> +(see section <A HREF="readline.html#SEC38">Terminal Management</A>). +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> Keymap <B>rl_executing_keymap</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX124"></A> +This variable is set to the keymap (see section <A HREF="readline.html#SEC31">Selecting a Keymap</A>) in which the +currently executing readline function was found. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> Keymap <B>rl_binding_keymap</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX125"></A> +This variable is set to the keymap (see section <A HREF="readline.html#SEC31">Selecting a Keymap</A>) in which the +last key binding occurred. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> char * <B>rl_executing_macro</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX126"></A> +This variable is set to the text of any currently-executing macro. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> int <B>rl_readline_state</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX127"></A> +A variable with bit values that encapsulate the current Readline state. +A bit is set with the <CODE>RL_SETSTATE</CODE> macro, and unset with the +<CODE>RL_UNSETSTATE</CODE> macro. Use the <CODE>RL_ISSTATE</CODE> macro to test +whether a particular state bit is set. Current state bits include: + +</P> +<DL COMPACT> + +<DT><CODE>RL_STATE_NONE</CODE> +<DD> +Readline has not yet been called, nor has it begun to intialize. +<DT><CODE>RL_STATE_INITIALIZING</CODE> +<DD> +Readline is initializing its internal data structures. +<DT><CODE>RL_STATE_INITIALIZED</CODE> +<DD> +Readline has completed its initialization. +<DT><CODE>RL_STATE_TERMPREPPED</CODE> +<DD> +Readline has modified the terminal modes to do its own input and redisplay. +<DT><CODE>RL_STATE_READCMD</CODE> +<DD> +Readline is reading a command from the keyboard. +<DT><CODE>RL_STATE_METANEXT</CODE> +<DD> +Readline is reading more input after reading the meta-prefix character. +<DT><CODE>RL_STATE_DISPATCHING</CODE> +<DD> +Readline is dispatching to a command. +<DT><CODE>RL_STATE_MOREINPUT</CODE> +<DD> +Readline is reading more input while executing an editing command. +<DT><CODE>RL_STATE_ISEARCH</CODE> +<DD> +Readline is performing an incremental history search. +<DT><CODE>RL_STATE_NSEARCH</CODE> +<DD> +Readline is performing a non-incremental history search. +<DT><CODE>RL_STATE_SEARCH</CODE> +<DD> +Readline is searching backward or forward through the history for a string. +<DT><CODE>RL_STATE_NUMERICARG</CODE> +<DD> +Readline is reading a numeric argument. +<DT><CODE>RL_STATE_MACROINPUT</CODE> +<DD> +Readline is currently getting its input from a previously-defined keyboard +macro. +<DT><CODE>RL_STATE_MACRODEF</CODE> +<DD> +Readline is currently reading characters defining a keyboard macro. +<DT><CODE>RL_STATE_OVERWRITE</CODE> +<DD> +Readline is in overwrite mode. +<DT><CODE>RL_STATE_COMPLETING</CODE> +<DD> +Readline is performing word completion. +<DT><CODE>RL_STATE_SIGHANDLER</CODE> +<DD> +Readline is currently executing the readline signal handler. +<DT><CODE>RL_STATE_UNDOING</CODE> +<DD> +Readline is performing an undo. +<DT><CODE>RL_STATE_DONE</CODE> +<DD> +Readline has read a key sequence bound to <CODE>accept-line</CODE> +and is about to return the line to the caller. +</DL> + +</DL> + +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> int <B>rl_explicit_arg</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX128"></A> +Set to a non-zero value if an explicit numeric argument was specified by +the user. Only valid in a bindable command function. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> int <B>rl_numeric_arg</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX129"></A> +Set to the value of any numeric argument explicitly specified by the user +before executing the current Readline function. Only valid in a bindable +command function. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> int <B>rl_editing_mode</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX130"></A> +Set to a value denoting Readline's current editing mode. A value of +<VAR>emacs_mode</VAR> means Readline is currently in emacs mode; <VAR>vi_mode</VAR> +means that vi mode is active. +</DL> + +</P> + + + +<H2><A NAME="SEC29" HREF="readline.html#TOC29">Readline Convenience Functions</A></H2> + + +<UL> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#SEC30">Function Naming</A>: How to give a function you write a name. +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#SEC31">Keymaps</A>: Making keymaps. +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#SEC32">Binding Keys</A>: Changing Keymaps. +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#SEC33">Associating Function Names and Bindings</A>: Translate function names to + key sequences. +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#SEC34">Allowing Undoing</A>: How to make your functions undoable. +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#SEC35">Redisplay</A>: Functions to control line display. +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#SEC36">Modifying Text</A>: Functions to modify <CODE>rl_line_buffer</CODE>. +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#SEC37">Character Input</A>: Functions to read keyboard input. +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#SEC38">Terminal Management</A>: Functions to manage terminal settings. +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#SEC39">Utility Functions</A>: Generally useful functions and hooks. +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#SEC40">Alternate Interface</A>: Using Readline in a `callback' fashion. +</UL> + + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC30" HREF="readline.html#TOC30">Naming a Function</A></H3> + +<P> +The user can dynamically change the bindings of keys while using +Readline. This is done by representing the function with a descriptive +name. The user is able to type the descriptive name when referring to +the function. Thus, in an init file, one might find + +</P> + +<PRE> +Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word +</PRE> + +<P> +This binds the keystroke <KBD>Meta-Rubout</KBD> to the function +<EM>descriptively</EM> named <CODE>backward-kill-word</CODE>. You, as the +programmer, should bind the functions you write to descriptive names as +well. Readline provides a function for doing that: + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>rl_add_defun</B> <I>(const char *name, rl_command_func_t *function, int key)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX131"></A> +Add <VAR>name</VAR> to the list of named functions. Make <VAR>function</VAR> be +the function that gets called. If <VAR>key</VAR> is not -1, then bind it to +<VAR>function</VAR> using <CODE>rl_bind_key()</CODE>. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +Using this function alone is sufficient for most applications. It is +the recommended way to add a few functions to the default functions that +Readline has built in. If you need to do something other +than adding a function to Readline, you may need to use the +underlying functions described below. + +</P> + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC31" HREF="readline.html#TOC31">Selecting a Keymap</A></H3> + +<P> +Key bindings take place on a <EM>keymap</EM>. The keymap is the +association between the keys that the user types and the functions that +get run. You can make your own keymaps, copy existing keymaps, and tell +Readline which keymap to use. + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> Keymap <B>rl_make_bare_keymap</B> <I>(void)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX132"></A> +Returns a new, empty keymap. The space for the keymap is allocated with +<CODE>malloc()</CODE>; the caller should free it by calling +<CODE>rl_discard_keymap()</CODE> when done. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> Keymap <B>rl_copy_keymap</B> <I>(Keymap map)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX133"></A> +Return a new keymap which is a copy of <VAR>map</VAR>. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> Keymap <B>rl_make_keymap</B> <I>(void)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX134"></A> +Return a new keymap with the printing characters bound to rl_insert, +the lowercase Meta characters bound to run their equivalents, and +the Meta digits bound to produce numeric arguments. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> void <B>rl_discard_keymap</B> <I>(Keymap keymap)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX135"></A> +Free the storage associated with <VAR>keymap</VAR>. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +Readline has several internal keymaps. These functions allow you to +change which keymap is active. + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> Keymap <B>rl_get_keymap</B> <I>(void)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX136"></A> +Returns the currently active keymap. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> void <B>rl_set_keymap</B> <I>(Keymap keymap)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX137"></A> +Makes <VAR>keymap</VAR> the currently active keymap. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> Keymap <B>rl_get_keymap_by_name</B> <I>(const char *name)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX138"></A> +Return the keymap matching <VAR>name</VAR>. <VAR>name</VAR> is one which would +be supplied in a <CODE>set keymap</CODE> inputrc line (see section <A HREF="readline.html#SEC9">Readline Init File</A>). +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> char * <B>rl_get_keymap_name</B> <I>(Keymap keymap)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX139"></A> +Return the name matching <VAR>keymap</VAR>. <VAR>name</VAR> is one which would +be supplied in a <CODE>set keymap</CODE> inputrc line (see section <A HREF="readline.html#SEC9">Readline Init File</A>). +</DL> + +</P> + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC32" HREF="readline.html#TOC32">Binding Keys</A></H3> + +<P> +Key sequences are associate with functions through the keymap. +Readline has several internal keymaps: <CODE>emacs_standard_keymap</CODE>, +<CODE>emacs_meta_keymap</CODE>, <CODE>emacs_ctlx_keymap</CODE>, +<CODE>vi_movement_keymap</CODE>, and <CODE>vi_insertion_keymap</CODE>. +<CODE>emacs_standard_keymap</CODE> is the default, and the examples in +this manual assume that. + +</P> +<P> +Since <CODE>readline()</CODE> installs a set of default key bindings the first +time it is called, there is always the danger that a custom binding +installed before the first call to <CODE>readline()</CODE> will be overridden. +An alternate mechanism is to install custom key bindings in an +initialization function assigned to the <CODE>rl_startup_hook</CODE> variable +(see section <A HREF="readline.html#SEC28">Readline Variables</A>). + +</P> +<P> +These functions manage key bindings. + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>rl_bind_key</B> <I>(int key, rl_command_func_t *function)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX140"></A> +Binds <VAR>key</VAR> to <VAR>function</VAR> in the currently active keymap. +Returns non-zero in the case of an invalid <VAR>key</VAR>. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>rl_bind_key_in_map</B> <I>(int key, rl_command_func_t *function, Keymap map)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX141"></A> +Bind <VAR>key</VAR> to <VAR>function</VAR> in <VAR>map</VAR>. Returns non-zero in the case +of an invalid <VAR>key</VAR>. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>rl_unbind_key</B> <I>(int key)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX142"></A> +Bind <VAR>key</VAR> to the null function in the currently active keymap. +Returns non-zero in case of error. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>rl_unbind_key_in_map</B> <I>(int key, Keymap map)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX143"></A> +Bind <VAR>key</VAR> to the null function in <VAR>map</VAR>. +Returns non-zero in case of error. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>rl_unbind_function_in_map</B> <I>(rl_command_func_t *function, Keymap map)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX144"></A> +Unbind all keys that execute <VAR>function</VAR> in <VAR>map</VAR>. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>rl_unbind_command_in_map</B> <I>(const char *command, Keymap map)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX145"></A> +Unbind all keys that are bound to <VAR>command</VAR> in <VAR>map</VAR>. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>rl_set_key</B> <I>(const char *keyseq, rl_command_func_t *function, Keymap map)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX146"></A> +Bind the key sequence represented by the string <VAR>keyseq</VAR> to the function +<VAR>function</VAR>. This makes new keymaps as +necessary. The initial keymap in which to do bindings is <VAR>map</VAR>. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>rl_generic_bind</B> <I>(int type, const char *keyseq, char *data, Keymap map)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX147"></A> +Bind the key sequence represented by the string <VAR>keyseq</VAR> to the arbitrary +pointer <VAR>data</VAR>. <VAR>type</VAR> says what kind of data is pointed to by +<VAR>data</VAR>; this can be a function (<CODE>ISFUNC</CODE>), a macro +(<CODE>ISMACR</CODE>), or a keymap (<CODE>ISKMAP</CODE>). This makes new keymaps as +necessary. The initial keymap in which to do bindings is <VAR>map</VAR>. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>rl_parse_and_bind</B> <I>(char *line)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX148"></A> +Parse <VAR>line</VAR> as if it had been read from the <CODE>inputrc</CODE> file and +perform any key bindings and variable assignments found +(see section <A HREF="readline.html#SEC9">Readline Init File</A>). +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>rl_read_init_file</B> <I>(const char *filename)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX149"></A> +Read keybindings and variable assignments from <VAR>filename</VAR> +(see section <A HREF="readline.html#SEC9">Readline Init File</A>). +</DL> + +</P> + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC33" HREF="readline.html#TOC33">Associating Function Names and Bindings</A></H3> + +<P> +These functions allow you to find out what keys invoke named functions +and the functions invoked by a particular key sequence. You may also +associate a new function name with an arbitrary function. + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> rl_command_func_t * <B>rl_named_function</B> <I>(const char *name)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX150"></A> +Return the function with name <VAR>name</VAR>. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> rl_command_func_t * <B>rl_function_of_keyseq</B> <I>(const char *keyseq, Keymap map, int *type)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX151"></A> +Return the function invoked by <VAR>keyseq</VAR> in keymap <VAR>map</VAR>. +If <VAR>map</VAR> is <CODE>NULL</CODE>, the current keymap is used. If <VAR>type</VAR> is +not <CODE>NULL</CODE>, the type of the object is returned in the <CODE>int</CODE> variable +it points to (one of <CODE>ISFUNC</CODE>, <CODE>ISKMAP</CODE>, or <CODE>ISMACR</CODE>). +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> char ** <B>rl_invoking_keyseqs</B> <I>(rl_command_func_t *function)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX152"></A> +Return an array of strings representing the key sequences used to +invoke <VAR>function</VAR> in the current keymap. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> char ** <B>rl_invoking_keyseqs_in_map</B> <I>(rl_command_func_t *function, Keymap map)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX153"></A> +Return an array of strings representing the key sequences used to +invoke <VAR>function</VAR> in the keymap <VAR>map</VAR>. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> void <B>rl_function_dumper</B> <I>(int readable)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX154"></A> +Print the readline function names and the key sequences currently +bound to them to <CODE>rl_outstream</CODE>. If <VAR>readable</VAR> is non-zero, +the list is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an +<CODE>inputrc</CODE> file and re-read. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> void <B>rl_list_funmap_names</B> <I>(void)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX155"></A> +Print the names of all bindable Readline functions to <CODE>rl_outstream</CODE>. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> const char ** <B>rl_funmap_names</B> <I>(void)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX156"></A> +Return a NULL terminated array of known function names. The array is +sorted. The array itself is allocated, but not the strings inside. You +should <CODE>free()</CODE> the array when you are done, but not the pointers. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>rl_add_funmap_entry</B> <I>(const char *name, rl_command_func_t *function)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX157"></A> +Add <VAR>name</VAR> to the list of bindable Readline command names, and make +<VAR>function</VAR> the function to be called when <VAR>name</VAR> is invoked. +</DL> + +</P> + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC34" HREF="readline.html#TOC34">Allowing Undoing</A></H3> + +<P> +Supporting the undo command is a painless thing, and makes your +functions much more useful. It is certainly easy to try +something if you know you can undo it. + +</P> +<P> +If your function simply inserts text once, or deletes text once, and +uses <CODE>rl_insert_text()</CODE> or <CODE>rl_delete_text()</CODE> to do it, then +undoing is already done for you automatically. + +</P> +<P> +If you do multiple insertions or multiple deletions, or any combination +of these operations, you should group them together into one operation. +This is done with <CODE>rl_begin_undo_group()</CODE> and +<CODE>rl_end_undo_group()</CODE>. + +</P> +<P> +The types of events that can be undone are: + +</P> + +<PRE> +enum undo_code { UNDO_DELETE, UNDO_INSERT, UNDO_BEGIN, UNDO_END }; +</PRE> + +<P> +Notice that <CODE>UNDO_DELETE</CODE> means to insert some text, and +<CODE>UNDO_INSERT</CODE> means to delete some text. That is, the undo code +tells what to undo, not how to undo it. <CODE>UNDO_BEGIN</CODE> and +<CODE>UNDO_END</CODE> are tags added by <CODE>rl_begin_undo_group()</CODE> and +<CODE>rl_end_undo_group()</CODE>. + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>rl_begin_undo_group</B> <I>(void)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX158"></A> +Begins saving undo information in a group construct. The undo +information usually comes from calls to <CODE>rl_insert_text()</CODE> and +<CODE>rl_delete_text()</CODE>, but could be the result of calls to +<CODE>rl_add_undo()</CODE>. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>rl_end_undo_group</B> <I>(void)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX159"></A> +Closes the current undo group started with <CODE>rl_begin_undo_group +()</CODE>. There should be one call to <CODE>rl_end_undo_group()</CODE> +for each call to <CODE>rl_begin_undo_group()</CODE>. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> void <B>rl_add_undo</B> <I>(enum undo_code what, int start, int end, char *text)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX160"></A> +Remember how to undo an event (according to <VAR>what</VAR>). The affected +text runs from <VAR>start</VAR> to <VAR>end</VAR>, and encompasses <VAR>text</VAR>. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> void <B>rl_free_undo_list</B> <I>(void)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX161"></A> +Free the existing undo list. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>rl_do_undo</B> <I>(void)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX162"></A> +Undo the first thing on the undo list. Returns <CODE>0</CODE> if there was +nothing to undo, non-zero if something was undone. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +Finally, if you neither insert nor delete text, but directly modify the +existing text (e.g., change its case), call <CODE>rl_modifying()</CODE> +once, just before you modify the text. You must supply the indices of +the text range that you are going to modify. + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>rl_modifying</B> <I>(int start, int end)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX163"></A> +Tell Readline to save the text between <VAR>start</VAR> and <VAR>end</VAR> as a +single undo unit. It is assumed that you will subsequently modify +that text. +</DL> + +</P> + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC35" HREF="readline.html#TOC35">Redisplay</A></H3> + +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> void <B>rl_redisplay</B> <I>(void)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX164"></A> +Change what's displayed on the screen to reflect the current contents +of <CODE>rl_line_buffer</CODE>. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>rl_forced_update_display</B> <I>(void)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX165"></A> +Force the line to be updated and redisplayed, whether or not +Readline thinks the screen display is correct. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>rl_on_new_line</B> <I>(void)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX166"></A> +Tell the update functions that we have moved onto a new (empty) line, +usually after ouputting a newline. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>rl_on_new_line_with_prompt</B> <I>(void)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX167"></A> +Tell the update functions that we have moved onto a new line, with +<VAR>rl_prompt</VAR> already displayed. +This could be used by applications that want to output the prompt string +themselves, but still need Readline to know the prompt string length for +redisplay. +It should be used after setting <VAR>rl_already_prompted</VAR>. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>rl_reset_line_state</B> <I>(void)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX168"></A> +Reset the display state to a clean state and redisplay the current line +starting on a new line. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>rl_crlf</B> <I>(void)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX169"></A> +Move the cursor to the start of the next screen line. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>rl_message</B> <I>(const char *, ...)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX170"></A> +The arguments are a format string as would be supplied to <CODE>printf</CODE>, +possibly containing conversion specifications such as <SAMP>`%d'</SAMP>, and +any additional arguments necessary to satisfy the conversion specifications. +The resulting string is displayed in the <EM>echo area</EM>. The echo area +is also used to display numeric arguments and search strings. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>rl_clear_message</B> <I>(void)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX171"></A> +Clear the message in the echo area. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> void <B>rl_save_prompt</B> <I>(void)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX172"></A> +Save the local Readline prompt display state in preparation for +displaying a new message in the message area with <CODE>rl_message()</CODE>. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> void <B>rl_restore_prompt</B> <I>(void)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX173"></A> +Restore the local Readline prompt display state saved by the most +recent call to <CODE>rl_save_prompt</CODE>. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>rl_expand_prompt</B> <I>(char *prompt)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX174"></A> +Expand any special character sequences in <VAR>prompt</VAR> and set up the +local Readline prompt redisplay variables. +This function is called by <CODE>readline()</CODE>. It may also be called to +expand the primary prompt if the <CODE>rl_on_new_line_with_prompt()</CODE> +function or <CODE>rl_already_prompted</CODE> variable is used. +It returns the number of visible characters on the last line of the +(possibly multi-line) prompt. +</DL> + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC36" HREF="readline.html#TOC36">Modifying Text</A></H3> + +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>rl_insert_text</B> <I>(const char *text)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX175"></A> +Insert <VAR>text</VAR> into the line at the current cursor position. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>rl_delete_text</B> <I>(int start, int end)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX176"></A> +Delete the text between <VAR>start</VAR> and <VAR>end</VAR> in the current line. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> char * <B>rl_copy_text</B> <I>(int start, int end)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX177"></A> +Return a copy of the text between <VAR>start</VAR> and <VAR>end</VAR> in +the current line. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>rl_kill_text</B> <I>(int start, int end)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX178"></A> +Copy the text between <VAR>start</VAR> and <VAR>end</VAR> in the current line +to the kill ring, appending or prepending to the last kill if the +last command was a kill command. The text is deleted. +If <VAR>start</VAR> is less than <VAR>end</VAR>, +the text is appended, otherwise prepended. If the last command was +not a kill, a new kill ring slot is used. +</DL> + +</P> + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC37" HREF="readline.html#TOC37">Character Input</A></H3> + +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>rl_read_key</B> <I>(void)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX179"></A> +Return the next character available from Readline's current input stream. +This handles input inserted into +the input stream via <VAR>rl_pending_input</VAR> (see section <A HREF="readline.html#SEC28">Readline Variables</A>) +and <CODE>rl_stuff_char()</CODE>, macros, and characters read from the keyboard. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>rl_getc</B> <I>(FILE *stream)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX180"></A> +Return the next character available from <VAR>stream</VAR>, which is assumed to +be the keyboard. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>rl_stuff_char</B> <I>(int c)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX181"></A> +Insert <VAR>c</VAR> into the Readline input stream. It will be "read" +before Readline attempts to read characters from the terminal with +<CODE>rl_read_key()</CODE>. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>rl_execute_next</B> <I>(int c)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX182"></A> +Make <VAR>c</VAR> be the next command to be executed when <CODE>rl_read_key()</CODE> +is called. This sets <VAR>rl_pending_input</VAR>. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>rl_clear_pending_input</B> <I>(void)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX183"></A> +Unet <VAR>rl_pending_input</VAR>, effectively negating the effect of any +previous call to <CODE>rl_execute_next()</CODE>. This works only if the +pending input has not already been read with <CODE>rl_read_key()</CODE>. +</DL> + +</P> + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC38" HREF="readline.html#TOC38">Terminal Management</A></H3> + +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>rl_prep_terminal</B> <I>(int meta_flag)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX184"></A> +Modify the terminal settings for Readline's use, so <CODE>readline()</CODE> +can read a single character at a time from the keyboard. +The <VAR>meta_flag</VAR> argument should be non-zero if Readline should +read eight-bit input. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> in <B>rl_deprep_terminal</B> <I>(void)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX185"></A> +Undo the effects of <CODE>rl_prep_terminal()</CODE>, leaving the terminal in +the state in which it was before the most recent call to +<CODE>rl_prep_terminal()</CODE>. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> void <B>rl_tty_set_default_bindings</B> <I>(Keymap kmap)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX186"></A> +Read the operating system's terminal editing characters (as would be displayed +by <CODE>stty</CODE> to their readline equivalents. The bindings are performed +in <VAR>kmap</VAR>. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>rl_reset_terminal</B> <I>(const char *terminal_name)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX187"></A> +Reinitialize Readline's idea of the terminal settings using +<VAR>terminal_name</VAR> as the terminal type (e.g., <CODE>vt100</CODE>). +If <VAR>terminal_name</VAR> is NULL, the value of the <CODE>TERM</CODE> +environment variable is used. +</DL> + +</P> + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC39" HREF="readline.html#TOC39">Utility Functions</A></H3> + +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>rl_extend_line_buffer</B> <I>(int len)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX188"></A> +Ensure that <CODE>rl_line_buffer</CODE> has enough space to hold <VAR>len</VAR> +characters, possibly reallocating it if necessary. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>rl_initialize</B> <I>(void)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX189"></A> +Initialize or re-initialize Readline's internal state. +It's not strictly necessary to call this; <CODE>readline()</CODE> calls it before +reading any input. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>rl_ding</B> <I>(void)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX190"></A> +Ring the terminal bell, obeying the setting of <CODE>bell-style</CODE>. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>rl_alphabetic</B> <I>(int c)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX191"></A> +Return 1 if <VAR>c</VAR> is an alphabetic character. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> void <B>rl_display_match_list</B> <I>(char **matches, int len, int max)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX192"></A> +A convenience function for displaying a list of strings in +columnar format on Readline's output stream. <CODE>matches</CODE> is the list +of strings, in argv format, such as a list of completion matches. +<CODE>len</CODE> is the number of strings in <CODE>matches</CODE>, and <CODE>max</CODE> +is the length of the longest string in <CODE>matches</CODE>. This function uses +the setting of <CODE>print-completions-horizontally</CODE> to select how the +matches are displayed (see section <A HREF="readline.html#SEC10">Readline Init File Syntax</A>). +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +The following are implemented as macros, defined in <CODE>chardefs.h</CODE>. +Applications should refrain from using them. + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>_rl_uppercase_p</B> <I>(int c)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX193"></A> +Return 1 if <VAR>c</VAR> is an uppercase alphabetic character. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>_rl_lowercase_p</B> <I>(int c)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX194"></A> +Return 1 if <VAR>c</VAR> is a lowercase alphabetic character. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>_rl_digit_p</B> <I>(int c)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX195"></A> +Return 1 if <VAR>c</VAR> is a numeric character. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>_rl_to_upper</B> <I>(int c)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX196"></A> +If <VAR>c</VAR> is a lowercase alphabetic character, return the corresponding +uppercase character. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>_rl_to_lower</B> <I>(int c)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX197"></A> +If <VAR>c</VAR> is an uppercase alphabetic character, return the corresponding +lowercase character. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>_rl_digit_value</B> <I>(int c)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX198"></A> +If <VAR>c</VAR> is a number, return the value it represents. +</DL> + +</P> + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC40" HREF="readline.html#TOC40">Alternate Interface</A></H3> + +<P> +An alternate interface is available to plain <CODE>readline()</CODE>. Some +applications need to interleave keyboard I/O with file, device, or +window system I/O, typically by using a main loop to <CODE>select()</CODE> +on various file descriptors. To accomodate this need, readline can +also be invoked as a `callback' function from an event loop. There +are functions available to make this easy. + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> void <B>rl_callback_handler_install</B> <I>(const char *prompt, rl_vcpfunc_t *lhandler)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX199"></A> +Set up the terminal for readline I/O and display the initial +expanded value of <VAR>prompt</VAR>. Save the value of <VAR>lhandler</VAR> to +use as a function to call when a complete line of input has been entered. +The function takes the text of the line as an argument. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> void <B>rl_callback_read_char</B> <I>(void)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX200"></A> +Whenever an application determines that keyboard input is available, it +should call <CODE>rl_callback_read_char()</CODE>, which will read the next +character from the current input source. If that character completes the +line, <CODE>rl_callback_read_char</CODE> will invoke the <VAR>lhandler</VAR> +function saved by <CODE>rl_callback_handler_install</CODE> to process the +line. <CODE>EOF</CODE> is indicated by calling <VAR>lhandler</VAR> with a +<CODE>NULL</CODE> line. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> void <B>rl_callback_handler_remove</B> <I>(void)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX201"></A> +Restore the terminal to its initial state and remove the line handler. +This may be called from within a callback as well as independently. +</DL> + +</P> + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC41" HREF="readline.html#TOC41">An Example</A></H3> + +<P> +Here is a function which changes lowercase characters to their uppercase +equivalents, and uppercase characters to lowercase. If +this function was bound to <SAMP>`M-c'</SAMP>, then typing <SAMP>`M-c'</SAMP> would +change the case of the character under point. Typing <SAMP>`M-1 0 M-c'</SAMP> +would change the case of the following 10 characters, leaving the cursor on +the last character changed. + +</P> + +<PRE> +/* Invert the case of the COUNT following characters. */ +int +invert_case_line (count, key) + int count, key; +{ + register int start, end, i; + + start = rl_point; + + if (rl_point >= rl_end) + return (0); + + if (count < 0) + { + direction = -1; + count = -count; + } + else + direction = 1; + + /* Find the end of the range to modify. */ + end = start + (count * direction); + + /* Force it to be within range. */ + if (end > rl_end) + end = rl_end; + else if (end < 0) + end = 0; + + if (start == end) + return (0); + + if (start > end) + { + int temp = start; + start = end; + end = temp; + } + + /* Tell readline that we are modifying the line, so it will save + the undo information. */ + rl_modifying (start, end); + + for (i = start; i != end; i++) + { + if (_rl_uppercase_p (rl_line_buffer[i])) + rl_line_buffer[i] = _rl_to_lower (rl_line_buffer[i]); + else if (_rl_lowercase_p (rl_line_buffer[i])) + rl_line_buffer[i] = _rl_to_upper (rl_line_buffer[i]); + } + /* Move point to on top of the last character changed. */ + rl_point = (direction == 1) ? end - 1 : start; + return (0); +} +</PRE> + + + +<H2><A NAME="SEC42" HREF="readline.html#TOC42">Readline Signal Handling</A></H2> + +<P> +Signals are asynchronous events sent to a process by the Unix kernel, +sometimes on behalf of another process. They are intended to indicate +exceptional events, like a user pressing the interrupt key on his +terminal, or a network connection being broken. There is a class of +signals that can be sent to the process currently reading input from +the keyboard. Since Readline changes the terminal attributes when it +is called, it needs to perform special processing when a signal is +received to restore the terminal to a sane state, or provide application +writers with functions to do so manually. + +</P> +<P> +Readline contains an internal signal handler that is installed for a +number of signals (<CODE>SIGINT</CODE>, <CODE>SIGQUIT</CODE>, <CODE>SIGTERM</CODE>, +<CODE>SIGALRM</CODE>, <CODE>SIGTSTP</CODE>, <CODE>SIGTTIN</CODE>, and <CODE>SIGTTOU</CODE>). +When one of these signals is received, the signal handler +will reset the terminal attributes to those that were in effect before +<CODE>readline()</CODE> was called, reset the signal handling to what it was +before <CODE>readline()</CODE> was called, and resend the signal to the calling +application. +If and when the calling application's signal handler returns, Readline +will reinitialize the terminal and continue to accept input. +When a <CODE>SIGINT</CODE> is received, the Readline signal handler performs +some additional work, which will cause any partially-entered line to be +aborted (see the description of <CODE>rl_free_line_state()</CODE> below). + +</P> +<P> +There is an additional Readline signal handler, for <CODE>SIGWINCH</CODE>, which +the kernel sends to a process whenever the terminal's size changes (for +example, if a user resizes an <CODE>xterm</CODE>). The Readline <CODE>SIGWINCH</CODE> +handler updates Readline's internal screen size information, and then calls +any <CODE>SIGWINCH</CODE> signal handler the calling application has installed. +Readline calls the application's <CODE>SIGWINCH</CODE> signal handler without +resetting the terminal to its original state. If the application's signal +handler does more than update its idea of the terminal size and return (for +example, a <CODE>longjmp</CODE> back to a main processing loop), it <EM>must</EM> +call <CODE>rl_cleanup_after_signal()</CODE> (described below), to restore the +terminal state. + +</P> +<P> +Readline provides two variables that allow application writers to +control whether or not it will catch certain signals and act on them +when they are received. It is important that applications change the +values of these variables only when calling <CODE>readline()</CODE>, not in +a signal handler, so Readline's internal signal state is not corrupted. + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> int <B>rl_catch_signals</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX202"></A> +If this variable is non-zero, Readline will install signal handlers for +<CODE>SIGINT</CODE>, <CODE>SIGQUIT</CODE>, <CODE>SIGTERM</CODE>, <CODE>SIGALRM</CODE>, +<CODE>SIGTSTP</CODE>, <CODE>SIGTTIN</CODE>, and <CODE>SIGTTOU</CODE>. + +</P> +<P> +The default value of <CODE>rl_catch_signals</CODE> is 1. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> int <B>rl_catch_sigwinch</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX203"></A> +If this variable is non-zero, Readline will install a signal handler for +<CODE>SIGWINCH</CODE>. + +</P> +<P> +The default value of <CODE>rl_catch_sigwinch</CODE> is 1. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +If an application does not wish to have Readline catch any signals, or +to handle signals other than those Readline catches (<CODE>SIGHUP</CODE>, +for example), +Readline provides convenience functions to do the necessary terminal +and internal state cleanup upon receipt of a signal. + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> void <B>rl_cleanup_after_signal</B> <I>(void)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX204"></A> +This function will reset the state of the terminal to what it was before +<CODE>readline()</CODE> was called, and remove the Readline signal handlers for +all signals, depending on the values of <CODE>rl_catch_signals</CODE> and +<CODE>rl_catch_sigwinch</CODE>. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> void <B>rl_free_line_state</B> <I>(void)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX205"></A> +This will free any partial state associated with the current input line +(undo information, any partial history entry, any partially-entered +keyboard macro, and any partially-entered numeric argument). This +should be called before <CODE>rl_cleanup_after_signal()</CODE>. The +Readline signal handler for <CODE>SIGINT</CODE> calls this to abort the +current input line. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> void <B>rl_reset_after_signal</B> <I>(void)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX206"></A> +This will reinitialize the terminal and reinstall any Readline signal +handlers, depending on the values of <CODE>rl_catch_signals</CODE> and +<CODE>rl_catch_sigwinch</CODE>. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +If an application does not wish Readline to catch <CODE>SIGWINCH</CODE>, it may +call <CODE>rl_resize_terminal()</CODE> or <CODE>rl_set_screen_size()</CODE> to force +Readline to update its idea of the terminal size when a <CODE>SIGWINCH</CODE> +is received. + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> void <B>rl_resize_terminal</B> <I>(void)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX207"></A> +Update Readline's internal screen size by reading values from the kernel. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> void <B>rl_set_screen_size</B> <I>(int rows, int cols)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX208"></A> +Set Readline's idea of the terminal size to <VAR>rows</VAR> rows and +<VAR>cols</VAR> columns. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +The following functions install and remove Readline's signal handlers. + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>rl_set_signals</B> <I>(void)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX209"></A> +Install Readline's signal handler for <CODE>SIGINT</CODE>, <CODE>SIGQUIT</CODE>, +<CODE>SIGTERM</CODE>, <CODE>SIGALRM</CODE>, <CODE>SIGTSTP</CODE>, <CODE>SIGTTIN</CODE>, +<CODE>SIGTTOU</CODE>, and <CODE>SIGWINCH</CODE>, depending on the values of +<CODE>rl_catch_signals</CODE> and <CODE>rl_catch_sigwinch</CODE>. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>rl_clear_signals</B> <I>(void)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX210"></A> +Remove all of the Readline signal handlers installed by +<CODE>rl_set_signals()</CODE>. +</DL> + +</P> + + +<H2><A NAME="SEC43" HREF="readline.html#TOC43">Custom Completers</A></H2> + +<P> +Typically, a program that reads commands from the user has a way of +disambiguating commands and data. If your program is one of these, then +it can provide completion for commands, data, or both. +The following sections describe how your program and Readline +cooperate to provide this service. + +</P> + +<UL> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#SEC44">How Completing Works</A>: The logic used to do completion. +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#SEC45">Completion Functions</A>: Functions provided by Readline. +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#SEC46">Completion Variables</A>: Variables which control completion. +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#SEC47">A Short Completion Example</A>: An example of writing completer subroutines. +</UL> + + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC44" HREF="readline.html#TOC44">How Completing Works</A></H3> + +<P> +In order to complete some text, the full list of possible completions +must be available. That is, it is not possible to accurately +expand a partial word without knowing all of the possible words +which make sense in that context. The Readline library provides +the user interface to completion, and two of the most common +completion functions: filename and username. For completing other types +of text, you must write your own completion function. This section +describes exactly what such functions must do, and provides an example. + +</P> +<P> +There are three major functions used to perform completion: + +</P> + +<OL> +<LI> + +The user-interface function <CODE>rl_complete()</CODE>. This function is +called with the same arguments as other bindable Readline functions: +<VAR>count</VAR> and <VAR>invoking_key</VAR>. +It isolates the word to be completed and calls +<CODE>rl_completion_matches()</CODE> to generate a list of possible completions. +It then either lists the possible completions, inserts the possible +completions, or actually performs the +completion, depending on which behavior is desired. + +<LI> + +The internal function <CODE>rl_completion_matches()</CODE> uses an +application-supplied <EM>generator</EM> function to generate the list of +possible matches, and then returns the array of these matches. +The caller should place the address of its generator function in +<CODE>rl_completion_entry_function</CODE>. + +<LI> + +The generator function is called repeatedly from +<CODE>rl_completion_matches()</CODE>, returning a string each time. The +arguments to the generator function are <VAR>text</VAR> and <VAR>state</VAR>. +<VAR>text</VAR> is the partial word to be completed. <VAR>state</VAR> is zero the +first time the function is called, allowing the generator to perform +any necessary initialization, and a positive non-zero integer for +each subsequent call. The generator function returns +<CODE>(char *)NULL</CODE> to inform <CODE>rl_completion_matches()</CODE> that there are +no more possibilities left. Usually the generator function computes the +list of possible completions when <VAR>state</VAR> is zero, and returns them +one at a time on subsequent calls. Each string the generator function +returns as a match must be allocated with <CODE>malloc()</CODE>; Readline +frees the strings when it has finished with them. + +</OL> + +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>rl_complete</B> <I>(int ignore, int invoking_key)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX211"></A> +Complete the word at or before point. You have supplied the function +that does the initial simple matching selection algorithm (see +<CODE>rl_completion_matches()</CODE>). The default is to do filename completion. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> rl_compentry_func_t * <B>rl_completion_entry_function</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX212"></A> +This is a pointer to the generator function for +<CODE>rl_completion_matches()</CODE>. +If the value of <CODE>rl_completion_entry_function</CODE> is +<CODE>NULL</CODE> then the default filename generator +function, <CODE>rl_filename_completion_function()</CODE>, is used. +</DL> + +</P> + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC45" HREF="readline.html#TOC45">Completion Functions</A></H3> + +<P> +Here is the complete list of callable completion functions present in +Readline. + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>rl_complete_internal</B> <I>(int what_to_do)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX213"></A> +Complete the word at or before point. <VAR>what_to_do</VAR> says what to do +with the completion. A value of <SAMP>`?'</SAMP> means list the possible +completions. <SAMP>`TAB'</SAMP> means do standard completion. <SAMP>`*'</SAMP> means +insert all of the possible completions. <SAMP>`!'</SAMP> means to display +all of the possible completions, if there is more than one, as well as +performing partial completion. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>rl_complete</B> <I>(int ignore, int invoking_key)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX214"></A> +Complete the word at or before point. You have supplied the function +that does the initial simple matching selection algorithm (see +<CODE>rl_completion_matches()</CODE> and <CODE>rl_completion_entry_function</CODE>). +The default is to do filename +completion. This calls <CODE>rl_complete_internal()</CODE> with an +argument depending on <VAR>invoking_key</VAR>. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>rl_possible_completions</B> <I>(int count, int invoking_key)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX215"></A> +List the possible completions. See description of <CODE>rl_complete +()</CODE>. This calls <CODE>rl_complete_internal()</CODE> with an argument of +<SAMP>`?'</SAMP>. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> int <B>rl_insert_completions</B> <I>(int count, int invoking_key)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX216"></A> +Insert the list of possible completions into the line, deleting the +partially-completed word. See description of <CODE>rl_complete()</CODE>. +This calls <CODE>rl_complete_internal()</CODE> with an argument of <SAMP>`*'</SAMP>. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> char ** <B>rl_completion_matches</B> <I>(const char *text, rl_compentry_func_t *entry_func)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX217"></A> +Returns an array of <CODE>(char *)</CODE> which is a list of completions for +<VAR>text</VAR>. If there are no completions, returns <CODE>NULL</CODE>. +The first entry in the returned array is the substitution for <VAR>text</VAR>. +The remaining entries are the possible completions. The array is +terminated with a <CODE>NULL</CODE> pointer. + +</P> +<P> +<VAR>entry_func</VAR> is a function of two args, and returns a +<CODE>(char *)</CODE>. The first argument is <VAR>text</VAR>. The second is a +state argument; it is zero on the first call, and non-zero on subsequent +calls. <VAR>entry_func</VAR> returns a <CODE>NULL</CODE> pointer to the caller +when there are no more matches. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> char * <B>rl_filename_completion_function</B> <I>(const char *text, int state)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX218"></A> +A generator function for filename completion in the general case. Note +that completion in Bash is a little different because of all +the pathnames that must be followed when looking up completions for a +command. The Bash source is a useful reference for writing custom +completion functions. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Function:</U> char * <B>rl_username_completion_function</B> <I>(const char *text, int state)</I> +<DD><A NAME="IDX219"></A> +A completion generator for usernames. <VAR>text</VAR> contains a partial +username preceded by a random character (usually <SAMP>`~'</SAMP>). As with all +completion generators, <VAR>state</VAR> is zero on the first call and non-zero +for subsequent calls. +</DL> + +</P> + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC46" HREF="readline.html#TOC46">Completion Variables</A></H3> + +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> rl_compentry_func_t * <B>rl_completion_entry_function</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX220"></A> +A pointer to the generator function for <CODE>rl_completion_matches()</CODE>. +<CODE>NULL</CODE> means to use <CODE>rl_filename_completion_function()</CODE>, the default +filename completer. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> rl_completion_func_t * <B>rl_attempted_completion_function</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX221"></A> +A pointer to an alternative function to create matches. +The function is called with <VAR>text</VAR>, <VAR>start</VAR>, and <VAR>end</VAR>. +<VAR>start</VAR> and <VAR>end</VAR> are indices in <CODE>rl_line_buffer</CODE> defining +the boundaries of <VAR>text</VAR>, which is a character string. +If this function exists and returns <CODE>NULL</CODE>, or if this variable is +set to <CODE>NULL</CODE>, then <CODE>rl_complete()</CODE> will call the value of +<CODE>rl_completion_entry_function</CODE> to generate matches, otherwise the +array of strings returned will be used. +If this function sets the <CODE>rl_attempted_completion_over</CODE> +variable to a non-zero value, Readline will not perform its default +completion if this function returns no matches. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> rl_quote_func_t * <B>rl_filename_quoting_function</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX222"></A> +A pointer to a function that will quote a filename in an +application-specific fashion. This is called if filename completion is being +attempted and one of the characters in <CODE>rl_filename_quote_characters</CODE> +appears in a completed filename. The function is called with +<VAR>text</VAR>, <VAR>match_type</VAR>, and <VAR>quote_pointer</VAR>. The <VAR>text</VAR> +is the filename to be quoted. The <VAR>match_type</VAR> is either +<CODE>SINGLE_MATCH</CODE>, if there is only one completion match, or +<CODE>MULT_MATCH</CODE>. Some functions use this to decide whether or not to +insert a closing quote character. The <VAR>quote_pointer</VAR> is a pointer +to any opening quote character the user typed. Some functions choose +to reset this character. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> rl_dequote_func_t * <B>rl_filename_dequoting_function</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX223"></A> +A pointer to a function that will remove application-specific quoting +characters from a filename before completion is attempted, so those +characters do not interfere with matching the text against names in +the filesystem. It is called with <VAR>text</VAR>, the text of the word +to be dequoted, and <VAR>quote_char</VAR>, which is the quoting character +that delimits the filename (usually <SAMP>`''</SAMP> or <SAMP>`"'</SAMP>). If +<VAR>quote_char</VAR> is zero, the filename was not in an embedded string. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> rl_linebuf_func_t * <B>rl_char_is_quoted_p</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX224"></A> +A pointer to a function to call that determines whether or not a specific +character in the line buffer is quoted, according to whatever quoting +mechanism the program calling readline uses. The function is called with +two arguments: <VAR>text</VAR>, the text of the line, and <VAR>index</VAR>, the +index of the character in the line. It is used to decide whether a +character found in <CODE>rl_completer_word_break_characters</CODE> should be +used to break words for the completer. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> int <B>rl_completion_query_items</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX225"></A> +Up to this many items will be displayed in response to a +possible-completions call. After that, we ask the user if she is sure +she wants to see them all. The default value is 100. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> const char * <B>rl_basic_word_break_characters</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX226"></A> +The basic list of characters that signal a break between words for the +completer routine. The default value of this variable is the characters +which break words for completion in Bash, i.e., +<CODE>" \t\n\"\\'`@$><=;|&{("</CODE>. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> const char * <B>rl_basic_quote_characters</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX227"></A> +List of quote characters which can cause a word break. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> const char * <B>rl_completer_word_break_characters</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX228"></A> +The list of characters that signal a break between words for +<CODE>rl_complete_internal()</CODE>. The default list is the value of +<CODE>rl_basic_word_break_characters</CODE>. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> const char * <B>rl_completer_quote_characters</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX229"></A> +List of characters which can be used to quote a substring of the line. +Completion occurs on the entire substring, and within the substring +<CODE>rl_completer_word_break_characters</CODE> are treated as any other character, +unless they also appear within this list. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> const char * <B>rl_filename_quote_characters</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX230"></A> +A list of characters that cause a filename to be quoted by the completer +when they appear in a completed filename. The default is the null string. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> const char * <B>rl_special_prefixes</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX231"></A> +The list of characters that are word break characters, but should be +left in <VAR>text</VAR> when it is passed to the completion function. +Programs can use this to help determine what kind of completing to do. +For instance, Bash sets this variable to "$@" so that it can complete +shell variables and hostnames. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> int <B>rl_completion_append_character</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX232"></A> +When a single completion alternative matches at the end of the command +line, this character is appended to the inserted completion text. The +default is a space character (<SAMP>` '</SAMP>). Setting this to the null +character (<SAMP>`\0'</SAMP>) prevents anything being appended automatically. +This can be changed in custom completion functions to +provide the "most sensible word separator character" according to +an application-specific command line syntax specification. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> int <B>rl_ignore_completion_duplicates</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX233"></A> +If non-zero, then disallow duplicates in the matches. Default is 1. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> int <B>rl_filename_completion_desired</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX234"></A> +Non-zero means that the results of the matches are to be treated as +filenames. This is <EM>always</EM> zero on entry, and can only be changed +within a completion entry generator function. If it is set to a non-zero +value, directory names have a slash appended and Readline attempts to +quote completed filenames if they contain any characters in +<CODE>rl_filename_quote_characters</CODE> and <CODE>rl_filename_quoting_desired</CODE> +is set to a non-zero value. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> int <B>rl_filename_quoting_desired</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX235"></A> +Non-zero means that the results of the matches are to be quoted using +double quotes (or an application-specific quoting mechanism) if the +completed filename contains any characters in +<CODE>rl_filename_quote_chars</CODE>. This is <EM>always</EM> non-zero +on entry, and can only be changed within a completion entry generator +function. The quoting is effected via a call to the function pointed to +by <CODE>rl_filename_quoting_function</CODE>. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> int <B>rl_attempted_completion_over</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX236"></A> +If an application-specific completion function assigned to +<CODE>rl_attempted_completion_function</CODE> sets this variable to a non-zero +value, Readline will not perform its default filename completion if the +application's completion function returns no matches. +It should be set only by an application's completion function. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> int <B>rl_completion_type</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX237"></A> +Set to a character describing the type of completion Readline is currently +attempting; see the description of <CODE>rl_complete_internal()</CODE> +(see section <A HREF="readline.html#SEC45">Completion Functions</A>) for the list of characters. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> int <B>rl_inhibit_completion</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX238"></A> +If this variable is non-zero, completion is inhibited. The completion +character will be inserted as any other bound to <CODE>self-insert</CODE>. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> rl_compignore_func_t * <B>rl_ignore_some_completions_function</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX239"></A> +This function, if defined, is called by the completer when real filename +completion is done, after all the matching names have been generated. +It is passed a <CODE>NULL</CODE> terminated array of matches. +The first element (<CODE>matches[0]</CODE>) is the +maximal substring common to all matches. This function can +re-arrange the list of matches as required, but each element deleted +from the array must be freed. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> rl_icppfunc_t * <B>rl_directory_completion_hook</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX240"></A> +This function, if defined, is allowed to modify the directory portion +of filenames Readline completes. It is called with the address of a +string (the current directory name) as an argument, and may modify that string. +If the string is replaced with a new string, the old value should be freed. +Any modified directory name should have a trailing slash. +The modified value will be displayed as part of the completion, replacing +the directory portion of the pathname the user typed. +It returns an integer that should be non-zero if the function modifies +its directory argument. +It could be used to expand symbolic links or shell variables in pathnames. +</DL> + +</P> +<P> +<DL> +<DT><U>Variable:</U> rl_compdisp_func_t * <B>rl_completion_display_matches_hook</B> +<DD><A NAME="IDX241"></A> +If non-zero, then this is the address of a function to call when +completing a word would normally display the list of possible matches. +This function is called in lieu of Readline displaying the list. +It takes three arguments: +(<CODE>char **</CODE><VAR>matches</VAR>, <CODE>int</CODE> <VAR>num_matches</VAR>, <CODE>int</CODE> <VAR>max_length</VAR>) +where <VAR>matches</VAR> is the array of matching strings, +<VAR>num_matches</VAR> is the number of strings in that array, and +<VAR>max_length</VAR> is the length of the longest string in that array. +Readline provides a convenience function, <CODE>rl_display_match_list</CODE>, +that takes care of doing the display to Readline's output stream. That +function may be called from this hook. +</DL> + +</P> + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC47" HREF="readline.html#TOC47">A Short Completion Example</A></H3> + +<P> +Here is a small application demonstrating the use of the GNU Readline +library. It is called <CODE>fileman</CODE>, and the source code resides in +<TT>`examples/fileman.c'</TT>. This sample application provides +completion of command names, line editing features, and access to the +history list. + +</P> + +<PRE> +/* fileman.c -- A tiny application which demonstrates how to use the + GNU Readline library. This application interactively allows users + to manipulate files and their modes. */ + +#include <stdio.h> +#include <sys/types.h> +#include <sys/file.h> +#include <sys/stat.h> +#include <sys/errno.h> + +#include <readline/readline.h> +#include <readline/history.h> + +extern char *xmalloc (); + +/* The names of functions that actually do the manipulation. */ +int com_list __P((char *)); +int com_view __P((char *)); +int com_rename __P((char *)); +int com_stat __P((char *)); +int com_pwd __P((char *)); +int com_delete __P((char *)); +int com_help __P((char *)); +int com_cd __P((char *)); +int com_quit __P((char *)); + +/* A structure which contains information on the commands this program + can understand. */ + +typedef struct { + char *name; /* User printable name of the function. */ + rl_icpfunc_t *func; /* Function to call to do the job. */ + char *doc; /* Documentation for this function. */ +} COMMAND; + +COMMAND commands[] = { + { "cd", com_cd, "Change to directory DIR" }, + { "delete", com_delete, "Delete FILE" }, + { "help", com_help, "Display this text" }, + { "?", com_help, "Synonym for `help'" }, + { "list", com_list, "List files in DIR" }, + { "ls", com_list, "Synonym for `list'" }, + { "pwd", com_pwd, "Print the current working directory" }, + { "quit", com_quit, "Quit using Fileman" }, + { "rename", com_rename, "Rename FILE to NEWNAME" }, + { "stat", com_stat, "Print out statistics on FILE" }, + { "view", com_view, "View the contents of FILE" }, + { (char *)NULL, (rl_icpfunc_t *)NULL, (char *)NULL } +}; + +/* Forward declarations. */ +char *stripwhite (); +COMMAND *find_command (); + +/* The name of this program, as taken from argv[0]. */ +char *progname; + +/* When non-zero, this means the user is done using this program. */ +int done; + +char * +dupstr (s) + int s; +{ + char *r; + + r = xmalloc (strlen (s) + 1); + strcpy (r, s); + return (r); +} + +main (argc, argv) + int argc; + char **argv; +{ + char *line, *s; + + progname = argv[0]; + + initialize_readline (); /* Bind our completer. */ + + /* Loop reading and executing lines until the user quits. */ + for ( ; done == 0; ) + { + line = readline ("FileMan: "); + + if (!line) + break; + + /* Remove leading and trailing whitespace from the line. + Then, if there is anything left, add it to the history list + and execute it. */ + s = stripwhite (line); + + if (*s) + { + add_history (s); + execute_line (s); + } + + free (line); + } + exit (0); +} + +/* Execute a command line. */ +int +execute_line (line) + char *line; +{ + register int i; + COMMAND *command; + char *word; + + /* Isolate the command word. */ + i = 0; + while (line[i] && whitespace (line[i])) + i++; + word = line + i; + + while (line[i] && !whitespace (line[i])) + i++; + + if (line[i]) + line[i++] = '\0'; + + command = find_command (word); + + if (!command) + { + fprintf (stderr, "%s: No such command for FileMan.\n", word); + return (-1); + } + + /* Get argument to command, if any. */ + while (whitespace (line[i])) + i++; + + word = line + i; + + /* Call the function. */ + return ((*(command->func)) (word)); +} + +/* Look up NAME as the name of a command, and return a pointer to that + command. Return a NULL pointer if NAME isn't a command name. */ +COMMAND * +find_command (name) + char *name; +{ + register int i; + + for (i = 0; commands[i].name; i++) + if (strcmp (name, commands[i].name) == 0) + return (&commands[i]); + + return ((COMMAND *)NULL); +} + +/* Strip whitespace from the start and end of STRING. Return a pointer + into STRING. */ +char * +stripwhite (string) + char *string; +{ + register char *s, *t; + + for (s = string; whitespace (*s); s++) + ; + + if (*s == 0) + return (s); + + t = s + strlen (s) - 1; + while (t > s && whitespace (*t)) + t--; + *++t = '\0'; + + return s; +} + +/* **************************************************************** */ +/* */ +/* Interface to Readline Completion */ +/* */ +/* **************************************************************** */ + +char *command_generator __P((const char *, int)); +char **fileman_completion __P((const char *, int, int)); + +/* Tell the GNU Readline library how to complete. We want to try to + complete on command names if this is the first word in the line, or + on filenames if not. */ +initialize_readline () +{ + /* Allow conditional parsing of the ~/.inputrc file. */ + rl_readline_name = "FileMan"; + + /* Tell the completer that we want a crack first. */ + rl_attempted_completion_function = fileman_completion; +} + +/* Attempt to complete on the contents of TEXT. START and END + bound the region of rl_line_buffer that contains the word to + complete. TEXT is the word to complete. We can use the entire + contents of rl_line_buffer in case we want to do some simple + parsing. Returnthe array of matches, or NULL if there aren't any. */ +char ** +fileman_completion (text, start, end) + const char *text; + int start, end; +{ + char **matches; + + matches = (char **)NULL; + + /* If this word is at the start of the line, then it is a command + to complete. Otherwise it is the name of a file in the current + directory. */ + if (start == 0) + matches = rl_completion_matches (text, command_generator); + + return (matches); +} + +/* Generator function for command completion. STATE lets us + know whether to start from scratch; without any state + (i.e. STATE == 0), then we start at the top of the list. */ +char * +command_generator (text, state) + const char *text; + int state; +{ + static int list_index, len; + char *name; + + /* If this is a new word to complete, initialize now. This + includes saving the length of TEXT for efficiency, and + initializing the index variable to 0. */ + if (!state) + { + list_index = 0; + len = strlen (text); + } + + /* Return the next name which partially matches from the + command list. */ + while (name = commands[list_index].name) + { + list_index++; + + if (strncmp (name, text, len) == 0) + return (dupstr(name)); + } + + /* If no names matched, then return NULL. */ + return ((char *)NULL); +} + +/* **************************************************************** */ +/* */ +/* FileMan Commands */ +/* */ +/* **************************************************************** */ + +/* String to pass to system (). This is for the LIST, VIEW and RENAME + commands. */ +static char syscom[1024]; + +/* List the file(s) named in arg. */ +com_list (arg) + char *arg; +{ + if (!arg) + arg = ""; + + sprintf (syscom, "ls -FClg %s", arg); + return (system (syscom)); +} + +com_view (arg) + char *arg; +{ + if (!valid_argument ("view", arg)) + return 1; + + sprintf (syscom, "more %s", arg); + return (system (syscom)); +} + +com_rename (arg) + char *arg; +{ + too_dangerous ("rename"); + return (1); +} + +com_stat (arg) + char *arg; +{ + struct stat finfo; + + if (!valid_argument ("stat", arg)) + return (1); + + if (stat (arg, &finfo) == -1) + { + perror (arg); + return (1); + } + + printf ("Statistics for `%s':\n", arg); + + printf ("%s has %d link%s, and is %d byte%s in length.\n", arg, + finfo.st_nlink, + (finfo.st_nlink == 1) ? "" : "s", + finfo.st_size, + (finfo.st_size == 1) ? "" : "s"); + printf ("Inode Last Change at: %s", ctime (&finfo.st_ctime)); + printf (" Last access at: %s", ctime (&finfo.st_atime)); + printf (" Last modified at: %s", ctime (&finfo.st_mtime)); + return (0); +} + +com_delete (arg) + char *arg; +{ + too_dangerous ("delete"); + return (1); +} + +/* Print out help for ARG, or for all of the commands if ARG is + not present. */ +com_help (arg) + char *arg; +{ + register int i; + int printed = 0; + + for (i = 0; commands[i].name; i++) + { + if (!*arg || (strcmp (arg, commands[i].name) == 0)) + { + printf ("%s\t\t%s.\n", commands[i].name, commands[i].doc); + printed++; + } + } + + if (!printed) + { + printf ("No commands match `%s'. Possibilties are:\n", arg); + + for (i = 0; commands[i].name; i++) + { + /* Print in six columns. */ + if (printed == 6) + { + printed = 0; + printf ("\n"); + } + + printf ("%s\t", commands[i].name); + printed++; + } + + if (printed) + printf ("\n"); + } + return (0); +} + +/* Change to the directory ARG. */ +com_cd (arg) + char *arg; +{ + if (chdir (arg) == -1) + { + perror (arg); + return 1; + } + + com_pwd (""); + return (0); +} + +/* Print out the current working directory. */ +com_pwd (ignore) + char *ignore; +{ + char dir[1024], *s; + + s = getcwd (dir, sizeof(dir) - 1); + if (s == 0) + { + printf ("Error getting pwd: %s\n", dir); + return 1; + } + + printf ("Current directory is %s\n", dir); + return 0; +} + +/* The user wishes to quit using this program. Just set DONE + non-zero. */ +com_quit (arg) + char *arg; +{ + done = 1; + return (0); +} + +/* Function which tells you that you can't do this. */ +too_dangerous (caller) + char *caller; +{ + fprintf (stderr, + "%s: Too dangerous for me to distribute. Write it yourself.\n", + caller); +} + +/* Return non-zero if ARG is a valid argument for CALLER, else print + an error message and return zero. */ +int +valid_argument (caller, arg) + char *caller, *arg; +{ + if (!arg || !*arg) + { + fprintf (stderr, "%s: Argument required.\n", caller); + return (0); + } + + return (1); +} +</PRE> + + + +<H1><A NAME="SEC48" HREF="readline.html#TOC48">Concept Index</A></H1> +<P> +Jump to: +<A HREF="#cindex_c">c</A> +- +<A HREF="#cindex_e">e</A> +- +<A HREF="#cindex_i">i</A> +- +<A HREF="#cindex_k">k</A> +- +<A HREF="#cindex_n">n</A> +- +<A HREF="#cindex_r">r</A> +- +<A HREF="#cindex_y">y</A> +<P> +<H2><A NAME="cindex_c">c</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX3">command editing</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="cindex_e">e</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX4">editing command lines</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="cindex_i">i</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX8">initialization file, readline</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX1">interaction, readline</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="cindex_k">k</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX7">kill ring</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX5">killing text</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="cindex_n">n</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX2">notation, readline</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="cindex_r">r</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX98">readline, function</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="cindex_y">y</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX6">yanking text</A> +</DIR> + +</P> + + +<H1><A NAME="SEC49" HREF="readline.html#TOC49">Function and Variable Index</A></H1> +<P> +Jump to: +<A HREF="#findex__">_</A> +- +<A HREF="#findex_a">a</A> +- +<A HREF="#findex_b">b</A> +- +<A HREF="#findex_c">c</A> +- +<A HREF="#findex_d">d</A> +- +<A HREF="#findex_e">e</A> +- +<A HREF="#findex_f">f</A> +- +<A HREF="#findex_h">h</A> +- +<A HREF="#findex_i">i</A> +- +<A HREF="#findex_k">k</A> +- +<A HREF="#findex_m">m</A> +- +<A HREF="#findex_n">n</A> +- +<A 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HREF="readline.html#IDX59">backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX63">backward-kill-word (M-<KBD>DEL</KBD>)</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX31">backward-word (M-b)</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX37">beginning-of-history (M-&#60;)</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX26">beginning-of-line (C-a)</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX9">bell-style</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="findex_c">c</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX81">call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX57">capitalize-word (M-c)</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX91">character-search (C-])</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX92">character-search-backward (M-C-])</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX32">clear-screen (C-l)</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX10">comment-begin</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX74">complete (<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX11">completion-query-items</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX12">convert-meta</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX68">copy-backward-word ()</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX69">copy-forward-word ()</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX67">copy-region-as-kill ()</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="findex_d">d</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX47">delete-char (C-d)</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX78">delete-char-or-list ()</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX65">delete-horizontal-space ()</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX72">digit-argument (<KBD>M-0</KBD>, <KBD>M-1</KBD>, ... <KBD>M--</KBD>)</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX13">disable-completion</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX84">do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-<VAR>x</VAR>, ...)</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX56">downcase-word (M-l)</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX94">dump-functions ()</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX96">dump-macros ()</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX95">dump-variables ()</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="findex_e">e</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX14">editing-mode</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX15">enable-keypad</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX80">end-kbd-macro (C-x ))</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX38">end-of-history (M-&#62;)</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX27">end-of-line (C-e)</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX90">exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX16">expand-tilde</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="findex_f">f</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX49">forward-backward-delete-char ()</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX28">forward-char (C-f)</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX40">forward-search-history (C-s)</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX30">forward-word (M-f)</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="findex_h">h</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX44">history-search-backward ()</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX43">history-search-forward ()</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX17">horizontal-scroll-mode</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="findex_i">i</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX18">input-meta</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX93">insert-comment (M-#)</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX76">insert-completions (M-*)</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX20">isearch-terminators</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="findex_k">k</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX21">keymap</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX58">kill-line (C-k)</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX66">kill-region ()</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX61">kill-whole-line ()</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX62">kill-word (M-d)</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="findex_m">m</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX22">mark-modified-lines</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX77">menu-complete ()</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX19">meta-flag</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="findex_n">n</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX36">next-history (C-n)</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX42">non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX41">non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="findex_o">o</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX23">output-meta</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="findex_p">p</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX75">possible-completions (M-?)</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX85">prefix-meta (<KBD>ESC</KBD>)</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX35">previous-history (C-p)</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="findex_q">q</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX50">quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="findex_r">r</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX82">re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX97">readline</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX33">redraw-current-line ()</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX39">reverse-search-history (C-r)</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX87">revert-line (M-r)</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX131">rl_add_defun</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX157">rl_add_funmap_entry</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX160">rl_add_undo</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX191">rl_alphabetic</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX109">rl_already_prompted</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX221">rl_attempted_completion_function</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX236">rl_attempted_completion_over</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX227">rl_basic_quote_characters</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX226">rl_basic_word_break_characters</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX158">rl_begin_undo_group</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX140">rl_bind_key</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX141">rl_bind_key_in_map</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX125">rl_binding_keymap</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX199">rl_callback_handler_install</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX201">rl_callback_handler_remove</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX200">rl_callback_read_char</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX202">rl_catch_signals</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX203">rl_catch_sigwinch</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX224">rl_char_is_quoted_p</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX204">rl_cleanup_after_signal</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX171">rl_clear_message</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX183">rl_clear_pending_input</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX210">rl_clear_signals</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX211">rl_complete</A>, <A HREF="readline.html#IDX214">rl_complete</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX213">rl_complete_internal</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX229">rl_completer_quote_characters</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX228">rl_completer_word_break_characters</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX232">rl_completion_append_character</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX241">rl_completion_display_matches_hook</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX212">rl_completion_entry_function</A>, <A HREF="readline.html#IDX220">rl_completion_entry_function</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX217">rl_completion_matches</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX225">rl_completion_query_items</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX237">rl_completion_type</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX133">rl_copy_keymap</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX177">rl_copy_text</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX169">rl_crlf</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX176">rl_delete_text</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX123">rl_deprep_term_function</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX185">rl_deprep_terminal</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX190">rl_ding</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX240">rl_directory_completion_hook</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX135">rl_discard_keymap</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX106">rl_dispatching</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX192">rl_display_match_list</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX162">rl_do_undo</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX103">rl_done</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX130">rl_editing_mode</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX101">rl_end</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX159">rl_end_undo_group</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX107">rl_erase_empty_line</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX119">rl_event_hook</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX182">rl_execute_next</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX124">rl_executing_keymap</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX126">rl_executing_macro</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX174">rl_expand_prompt</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX128">rl_explicit_arg</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX188">rl_extend_line_buffer</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX234">rl_filename_completion_desired</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX218">rl_filename_completion_function</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX223">rl_filename_dequoting_function</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX230">rl_filename_quote_characters</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX235">rl_filename_quoting_desired</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX222">rl_filename_quoting_function</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX165">rl_forced_update_display</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX205">rl_free_line_state</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX161">rl_free_undo_list</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX154">rl_function_dumper</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX151">rl_function_of_keyseq</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX156">rl_funmap_names</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX147">rl_generic_bind</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX136">rl_get_keymap</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX138">rl_get_keymap_by_name</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX139">rl_get_keymap_name</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX180">rl_getc</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX120">rl_getc_function</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX111">rl_gnu_readline_p</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX233">rl_ignore_completion_duplicates</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX239">rl_ignore_some_completions_function</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX238">rl_inhibit_completion</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX189">rl_initialize</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX216">rl_insert_completions</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX175">rl_insert_text</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX114">rl_instream</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX152">rl_invoking_keyseqs</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX153">rl_invoking_keyseqs_in_map</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX178">rl_kill_text</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX116">rl_last_func</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX110">rl_library_version</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX99">rl_line_buffer</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX155">rl_list_funmap_names</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX132">rl_make_bare_keymap</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX134">rl_make_keymap</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX102">rl_mark</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX170">rl_message</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX163">rl_modifying</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX150">rl_named_function</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX104">rl_num_chars_to_read</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX129">rl_numeric_arg</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX166">rl_on_new_line</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX167">rl_on_new_line_with_prompt</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX115">rl_outstream</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX148">rl_parse_and_bind</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX105">rl_pending_input</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX100">rl_point</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX215">rl_possible_completions</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX118">rl_pre_input_hook</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX122">rl_prep_term_function</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX184">rl_prep_terminal</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX108">rl_prompt</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX149">rl_read_init_file</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX179">rl_read_key</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX113">rl_readline_name</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX127">rl_readline_state</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX164">rl_redisplay</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX121">rl_redisplay_function</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX206">rl_reset_after_signal</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX168">rl_reset_line_state</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX187">rl_reset_terminal</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX207">rl_resize_terminal</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX173">rl_restore_prompt</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX172">rl_save_prompt</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX146">rl_set_key</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX137">rl_set_keymap</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX208">rl_set_screen_size</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX209">rl_set_signals</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX231">rl_special_prefixes</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX117">rl_startup_hook</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX181">rl_stuff_char</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX112">rl_terminal_name</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX186">rl_tty_set_default_bindings</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX145">rl_unbind_command_in_map</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX144">rl_unbind_function_in_map</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX142">rl_unbind_key</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX143">rl_unbind_key_in_map</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX219">rl_username_completion_function</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="findex_s">s</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX52">self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, ...)</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX89">set-mark (C-@)</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX24">show-all-if-ambiguous</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX79">start-kbd-macro (C-x ()</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="findex_t">t</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX51">tab-insert (M-<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX88">tilde-expand (M-~)</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX53">transpose-chars (C-t)</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX54">transpose-words (M-t)</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="findex_u">u</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX86">undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX73">universal-argument ()</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX60">unix-line-discard (C-u)</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX64">unix-word-rubout (C-w)</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX55">upcase-word (M-u)</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="findex_v">v</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX25">visible-stats</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="findex_y">y</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX70">yank (C-y)</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX46">yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX45">yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)</A> +<LI><A HREF="readline.html#IDX71">yank-pop (M-y)</A> +</DIR> + +</P> +<P><HR><P> +This document was generated on 5 Febuary 2001 using the +<A HREF="http://wwwinfo.cern.ch/dis/texi2html/">texi2html</A> +translator version 1.52.</P> +</BODY> +</HTML>
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000 +++ b/readline/doc/readline.info Sat Feb 10 05:13:25 2001 +0000 @@ -0,0 +1,3400 @@ +This is readline.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.0 from +/usr/homes/chet/src/bash/readline-src/doc/rlman.texinfo. + +INFO-DIR-SECTION Libraries +START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY +* Readline: (readline). The GNU readline library API +END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY + + This document describes the GNU Readline Library, a utility which +aids in the consistency of user interface across discrete programs that +need to provide a command line interface. + + Copyright (C) 1988-2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + + Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this +manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice pare +preserved on all copies. + + Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of +this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that +the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a +permission notice identical to this one. + + Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this +manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified +versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a +translation approved by the Free Software Foundation. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Top, Next: Command Line Editing, Up: (dir) + +GNU Readline Library +******************** + + This document describes the GNU Readline Library, a utility which +aids in the consistency of user interface across discrete programs that +need to provide a command line interface. + +* Menu: + +* Command Line Editing:: GNU Readline User's Manual. +* Programming with GNU Readline:: GNU Readline Programmer's Manual. +* Concept Index:: Index of concepts described in this manual. +* Function and Variable Index:: Index of externally visible functions + and variables. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Command Line Editing, Next: Programming with GNU Readline, Prev: Top, Up: Top + +Command Line Editing +******************** + + This chapter describes the basic features of the GNU command line +editing interface. + +* Menu: + +* Introduction and Notation:: Notation used in this text. +* Readline Interaction:: The minimum set of commands for editing a line. +* Readline Init File:: Customizing Readline from a user's view. +* Bindable Readline Commands:: A description of most of the Readline commands + available for binding +* Readline vi Mode:: A short description of how to make Readline + behave like the vi editor. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Introduction and Notation, Next: Readline Interaction, Up: Command Line Editing + +Introduction to Line Editing +============================ + + The following paragraphs describe the notation used to represent +keystrokes. + + The text `C-k' is read as `Control-K' and describes the character +produced when the <k> key is pressed while the Control key is depressed. + + The text `M-k' is read as `Meta-K' and describes the character +produced when the Meta key (if you have one) is depressed, and the <k> +key is pressed. The Meta key is labeled <ALT> on many keyboards. On +keyboards with two keys labeled <ALT> (usually to either side of the +space bar), the <ALT> on the left side is generally set to work as a +Meta key. The <ALT> key on the right may also be configured to work as +a Meta key or may be configured as some other modifier, such as a +Compose key for typing accented characters. + + If you do not have a Meta or <ALT> key, or another key working as a +Meta key, the identical keystroke can be generated by typing <ESC> +_first_, and then typing <k>. Either process is known as "metafying" +the <k> key. + + The text `M-C-k' is read as `Meta-Control-k' and describes the +character produced by "metafying" `C-k'. + + In addition, several keys have their own names. Specifically, +<DEL>, <ESC>, <LFD>, <SPC>, <RET>, and <TAB> all stand for themselves +when seen in this text, or in an init file (*note Readline Init File::). +If your keyboard lacks a <LFD> key, typing <C-j> will produce the +desired character. The <RET> key may be labeled <Return> or <Enter> on +some keyboards. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Readline Interaction, Next: Readline Init File, Prev: Introduction and Notation, Up: Command Line Editing + +Readline Interaction +==================== + + Often during an interactive session you type in a long line of text, +only to notice that the first word on the line is misspelled. The +Readline library gives you a set of commands for manipulating the text +as you type it in, allowing you to just fix your typo, and not forcing +you to retype the majority of the line. Using these editing commands, +you move the cursor to the place that needs correction, and delete or +insert the text of the corrections. Then, when you are satisfied with +the line, you simply press <RET>. You do not have to be at the end of +the line to press <RET>; the entire line is accepted regardless of the +location of the cursor within the line. + +* Menu: + +* Readline Bare Essentials:: The least you need to know about Readline. +* Readline Movement Commands:: Moving about the input line. +* Readline Killing Commands:: How to delete text, and how to get it back! +* Readline Arguments:: Giving numeric arguments to commands. +* Searching:: Searching through previous lines. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Readline Bare Essentials, Next: Readline Movement Commands, Up: Readline Interaction + +Readline Bare Essentials +------------------------ + + In order to enter characters into the line, simply type them. The +typed character appears where the cursor was, and then the cursor moves +one space to the right. If you mistype a character, you can use your +erase character to back up and delete the mistyped character. + + Sometimes you may mistype a character, and not notice the error +until you have typed several other characters. In that case, you can +type `C-b' to move the cursor to the left, and then correct your +mistake. Afterwards, you can move the cursor to the right with `C-f'. + + When you add text in the middle of a line, you will notice that +characters to the right of the cursor are `pushed over' to make room +for the text that you have inserted. Likewise, when you delete text +behind the cursor, characters to the right of the cursor are `pulled +back' to fill in the blank space created by the removal of the text. A +list of the bare essentials for editing the text of an input line +follows. + +`C-b' + Move back one character. + +`C-f' + Move forward one character. + +<DEL> or <Backspace> + Delete the character to the left of the cursor. + +`C-d' + Delete the character underneath the cursor. + +Printing characters + Insert the character into the line at the cursor. + +`C-_' or `C-x C-u' + Undo the last editing command. You can undo all the way back to an + empty line. + +(Depending on your configuration, the <Backspace> key be set to delete +the character to the left of the cursor and the <DEL> key set to delete +the character underneath the cursor, like `C-d', rather than the +character to the left of the cursor.) + + +File: readline.info, Node: Readline Movement Commands, Next: Readline Killing Commands, Prev: Readline Bare Essentials, Up: Readline Interaction + +Readline Movement Commands +-------------------------- + + The above table describes the most basic keystrokes that you need in +order to do editing of the input line. For your convenience, many +other commands have been added in addition to `C-b', `C-f', `C-d', and +<DEL>. Here are some commands for moving more rapidly about the line. + +`C-a' + Move to the start of the line. + +`C-e' + Move to the end of the line. + +`M-f' + Move forward a word, where a word is composed of letters and + digits. + +`M-b' + Move backward a word. + +`C-l' + Clear the screen, reprinting the current line at the top. + + Notice how `C-f' moves forward a character, while `M-f' moves +forward a word. It is a loose convention that control keystrokes +operate on characters while meta keystrokes operate on words. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Readline Killing Commands, Next: Readline Arguments, Prev: Readline Movement Commands, Up: Readline Interaction + +Readline Killing Commands +------------------------- + + "Killing" text means to delete the text from the line, but to save +it away for later use, usually by "yanking" (re-inserting) it back into +the line. (`Cut' and `paste' are more recent jargon for `kill' and +`yank'.) + + If the description for a command says that it `kills' text, then you +can be sure that you can get the text back in a different (or the same) +place later. + + When you use a kill command, the text is saved in a "kill-ring". +Any number of consecutive kills save all of the killed text together, so +that when you yank it back, you get it all. The kill ring is not line +specific; the text that you killed on a previously typed line is +available to be yanked back later, when you are typing another line. + + Here is the list of commands for killing text. + +`C-k' + Kill the text from the current cursor position to the end of the + line. + +`M-d' + Kill from the cursor to the end of the current word, or, if between + words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the same + as those used by `M-f'. + +`M-<DEL>' + Kill from the cursor the start of the previous word, or, if between + words, to the start of the previous word. Word boundaries are the + same as those used by `M-b'. + +`C-w' + Kill from the cursor to the previous whitespace. This is + different than `M-<DEL>' because the word boundaries differ. + + Here is how to "yank" the text back into the line. Yanking means to +copy the most-recently-killed text from the kill buffer. + +`C-y' + Yank the most recently killed text back into the buffer at the + cursor. + +`M-y' + Rotate the kill-ring, and yank the new top. You can only do this + if the prior command is `C-y' or `M-y'. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Readline Arguments, Next: Searching, Prev: Readline Killing Commands, Up: Readline Interaction + +Readline Arguments +------------------ + + You can pass numeric arguments to Readline commands. Sometimes the +argument acts as a repeat count, other times it is the sign of the +argument that is significant. If you pass a negative argument to a +command which normally acts in a forward direction, that command will +act in a backward direction. For example, to kill text back to the +start of the line, you might type `M-- C-k'. + + The general way to pass numeric arguments to a command is to type +meta digits before the command. If the first `digit' typed is a minus +sign (`-'), then the sign of the argument will be negative. Once you +have typed one meta digit to get the argument started, you can type the +remainder of the digits, and then the command. For example, to give +the `C-d' command an argument of 10, you could type `M-1 0 C-d', which +will delete the next ten characters on the input line. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Searching, Prev: Readline Arguments, Up: Readline Interaction + +Searching for Commands in the History +------------------------------------- + + Readline provides commands for searching through the command history +for lines containing a specified string. There are two search modes: +"incremental" and "non-incremental". + + Incremental searches begin before the user has finished typing the +search string. As each character of the search string is typed, +Readline displays the next entry from the history matching the string +typed so far. An incremental search requires only as many characters +as needed to find the desired history entry. To search backward in the +history for a particular string, type `C-r'. Typing `C-s' searches +forward through the history. The characters present in the value of +the `isearch-terminators' variable are used to terminate an incremental +search. If that variable has not been assigned a value, the <ESC> and +`C-J' characters will terminate an incremental search. `C-g' will +abort an incremental search and restore the original line. When the +search is terminated, the history entry containing the search string +becomes the current line. + + To find other matching entries in the history list, type `C-r' or +`C-s' as appropriate. This will search backward or forward in the +history for the next entry matching the search string typed so far. +Any other key sequence bound to a Readline command will terminate the +search and execute that command. For instance, a <RET> will terminate +the search and accept the line, thereby executing the command from the +history list. A movement command will terminate the search, make the +last line found the current line, and begin editing. + + Non-incremental searches read the entire search string before +starting to search for matching history lines. The search string may be +typed by the user or be part of the contents of the current line. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Readline Init File, Next: Bindable Readline Commands, Prev: Readline Interaction, Up: Command Line Editing + +Readline Init File +================== + + Although the Readline library comes with a set of Emacs-like +keybindings installed by default, it is possible to use a different set +of keybindings. Any user can customize programs that use Readline by +putting commands in an "inputrc" file, conventionally in his home +directory. The name of this file is taken from the value of the +environment variable `INPUTRC'. If that variable is unset, the default +is `~/.inputrc'. + + When a program which uses the Readline library starts up, the init +file is read, and the key bindings are set. + + In addition, the `C-x C-r' command re-reads this init file, thus +incorporating any changes that you might have made to it. + +* Menu: + +* Readline Init File Syntax:: Syntax for the commands in the inputrc file. + +* Conditional Init Constructs:: Conditional key bindings in the inputrc file. + +* Sample Init File:: An example inputrc file. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Readline Init File Syntax, Next: Conditional Init Constructs, Up: Readline Init File + +Readline Init File Syntax +------------------------- + + There are only a few basic constructs allowed in the Readline init +file. Blank lines are ignored. Lines beginning with a `#' are +comments. Lines beginning with a `$' indicate conditional constructs +(*note Conditional Init Constructs::). Other lines denote variable +settings and key bindings. + +Variable Settings + You can modify the run-time behavior of Readline by altering the + values of variables in Readline using the `set' command within the + init file. Here is how to change from the default Emacs-like key + binding to use `vi' line editing commands: + + set editing-mode vi + + A great deal of run-time behavior is changeable with the following + variables. + + `bell-style' + Controls what happens when Readline wants to ring the + terminal bell. If set to `none', Readline never rings the + bell. If set to `visible', Readline uses a visible bell if + one is available. If set to `audible' (the default), + Readline attempts to ring the terminal's bell. + + `comment-begin' + The string to insert at the beginning of the line when the + `insert-comment' command is executed. The default value is + `"#"'. + + `completion-ignore-case' + If set to `on', Readline performs filename matching and + completion in a case-insensitive fashion. The default value + is `off'. + + `completion-query-items' + The number of possible completions that determines when the + user is asked whether he wants to see the list of + possibilities. If the number of possible completions is + greater than this value, Readline will ask the user whether + or not he wishes to view them; otherwise, they are simply + listed. This variable must be set to an integer value + greater than or equal to 0. The default limit is `100'. + + `convert-meta' + If set to `on', Readline will convert characters with the + eighth bit set to an ASCII key sequence by stripping the + eighth bit and prefixing an <ESC> character, converting them + to a meta-prefixed key sequence. The default value is `on'. + + `disable-completion' + If set to `On', Readline will inhibit word completion. + Completion characters will be inserted into the line as if + they had been mapped to `self-insert'. The default is `off'. + + `editing-mode' + The `editing-mode' variable controls which default set of key + bindings is used. By default, Readline starts up in Emacs + editing mode, where the keystrokes are most similar to Emacs. + This variable can be set to either `emacs' or `vi'. + + `enable-keypad' + When set to `on', Readline will try to enable the application + keypad when it is called. Some systems need this to enable + the arrow keys. The default is `off'. + + `expand-tilde' + If set to `on', tilde expansion is performed when Readline + attempts word completion. The default is `off'. + + `horizontal-scroll-mode' + This variable can be set to either `on' or `off'. Setting it + to `on' means that the text of the lines being edited will + scroll horizontally on a single screen line when they are + longer than the width of the screen, instead of wrapping onto + a new screen line. By default, this variable is set to `off'. + + `input-meta' + If set to `on', Readline will enable eight-bit input (it will + not clear the eighth bit in the characters it reads), + regardless of what the terminal claims it can support. The + default value is `off'. The name `meta-flag' is a synonym + for this variable. + + `isearch-terminators' + The string of characters that should terminate an incremental + search without subsequently executing the character as a + command (*note Searching::). If this variable has not been + given a value, the characters <ESC> and `C-J' will terminate + an incremental search. + + `keymap' + Sets Readline's idea of the current keymap for key binding + commands. Acceptable `keymap' names are `emacs', + `emacs-standard', `emacs-meta', `emacs-ctlx', `vi', `vi-move', + `vi-command', and `vi-insert'. `vi' is equivalent to + `vi-command'; `emacs' is equivalent to `emacs-standard'. The + default value is `emacs'. The value of the `editing-mode' + variable also affects the default keymap. + + `mark-directories' + If set to `on', completed directory names have a slash + appended. The default is `on'. + + `mark-modified-lines' + This variable, when set to `on', causes Readline to display an + asterisk (`*') at the start of history lines which have been + modified. This variable is `off' by default. + + `output-meta' + If set to `on', Readline will display characters with the + eighth bit set directly rather than as a meta-prefixed escape + sequence. The default is `off'. + + `print-completions-horizontally' + If set to `on', Readline will display completions with matches + sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down + the screen. The default is `off'. + + `show-all-if-ambiguous' + This alters the default behavior of the completion functions. + If set to `on', words which have more than one possible + completion cause the matches to be listed immediately instead + of ringing the bell. The default value is `off'. + + `visible-stats' + If set to `on', a character denoting a file's type is + appended to the filename when listing possible completions. + The default is `off'. + +Key Bindings + The syntax for controlling key bindings in the init file is + simple. First you need to find the name of the command that you + want to change. The following sections contain tables of the + command name, the default keybinding, if any, and a short + description of what the command does. + + Once you know the name of the command, simply place on a line in + the init file the name of the key you wish to bind the command to, + a colon, and then the name of the command. The name of the key + can be expressed in different ways, depending on what you find most + comfortable. + + KEYNAME: FUNCTION-NAME or MACRO + KEYNAME is the name of a key spelled out in English. For + example: + Control-u: universal-argument + Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word + Control-o: "> output" + + In the above example, `C-u' is bound to the function + `universal-argument', `M-DEL' is bound to the function + `backward-kill-word', and `C-o' is bound to run the macro + expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the text + `> output' into the line). + + A number of symbolic character names are recognized while + processing this key binding syntax: DEL, ESC, ESCAPE, LFD, + NEWLINE, RET, RETURN, RUBOUT, SPACE, SPC, and TAB. + + "KEYSEQ": FUNCTION-NAME or MACRO + KEYSEQ differs from KEYNAME above in that strings denoting an + entire key sequence can be specified, by placing the key + sequence in double quotes. Some GNU Emacs style key escapes + can be used, as in the following example, but the special + character names are not recognized. + + "\C-u": universal-argument + "\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file + "\e[11~": "Function Key 1" + + In the above example, `C-u' is again bound to the function + `universal-argument' (just as it was in the first example), + `C-x C-r' is bound to the function `re-read-init-file', and + `<ESC> <[> <1> <1> <~>' is bound to insert the text `Function + Key 1'. + + The following GNU Emacs style escape sequences are available when + specifying key sequences: + + `\C-' + control prefix + + `\M-' + meta prefix + + `\e' + an escape character + + `\\' + backslash + + `\"' + <">, a double quotation mark + + `\'' + <'>, a single quote or apostrophe + + In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second set + of backslash escapes is available: + + `\a' + alert (bell) + + `\b' + backspace + + `\d' + delete + + `\f' + form feed + + `\n' + newline + + `\r' + carriage return + + `\t' + horizontal tab + + `\v' + vertical tab + + `\NNN' + the character whose ASCII code is the octal value NNN (one to + three digits) + + `\xNNN' + the character whose ASCII code is the hexadecimal value NNN + (one to three digits) + + When entering the text of a macro, single or double quotes must be + used to indicate a macro definition. Unquoted text is assumed to + be a function name. In the macro body, the backslash escapes + described above are expanded. Backslash will quote any other + character in the macro text, including `"' and `''. For example, + the following binding will make `C-x \' insert a single `\' into + the line: + "\C-x\\": "\\" + + +File: readline.info, Node: Conditional Init Constructs, Next: Sample Init File, Prev: Readline Init File Syntax, Up: Readline Init File + +Conditional Init Constructs +--------------------------- + + Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional +compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key bindings +and variable settings to be performed as the result of tests. There +are four parser directives used. + +`$if' + The `$if' construct allows bindings to be made based on the + editing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using + Readline. The text of the test extends to the end of the line; no + characters are required to isolate it. + + `mode' + The `mode=' form of the `$if' directive is used to test + whether Readline is in `emacs' or `vi' mode. This may be + used in conjunction with the `set keymap' command, for + instance, to set bindings in the `emacs-standard' and + `emacs-ctlx' keymaps only if Readline is starting out in + `emacs' mode. + + `term' + The `term=' form may be used to include terminal-specific key + bindings, perhaps to bind the key sequences output by the + terminal's function keys. The word on the right side of the + `=' is tested against both the full name of the terminal and + the portion of the terminal name before the first `-'. This + allows `sun' to match both `sun' and `sun-cmd', for instance. + + `application' + The APPLICATION construct is used to include + application-specific settings. Each program using the + Readline library sets the APPLICATION NAME, and you can test + for it. This could be used to bind key sequences to + functions useful for a specific program. For instance, the + following command adds a key sequence that quotes the current + or previous word in Bash: + $if Bash + # Quote the current or previous word + "\C-xq": "\eb\"\ef\"" + $endif + +`$endif' + This command, as seen in the previous example, terminates an `$if' + command. + +`$else' + Commands in this branch of the `$if' directive are executed if the + test fails. + +`$include' + This directive takes a single filename as an argument and reads + commands and bindings from that file. + $include /etc/inputrc + + +File: readline.info, Node: Sample Init File, Prev: Conditional Init Constructs, Up: Readline Init File + +Sample Init File +---------------- + + Here is an example of an INPUTRC file. This illustrates key +binding, variable assignment, and conditional syntax. + + + # This file controls the behaviour of line input editing for + # programs that use the Gnu Readline library. Existing programs + # include FTP, Bash, and Gdb. + # + # You can re-read the inputrc file with C-x C-r. + # Lines beginning with '#' are comments. + # + # First, include any systemwide bindings and variable assignments from + # /etc/Inputrc + $include /etc/Inputrc + + # + # Set various bindings for emacs mode. + + set editing-mode emacs + + $if mode=emacs + + Meta-Control-h: backward-kill-word Text after the function name is ignored + + # + # Arrow keys in keypad mode + # + #"\M-OD": backward-char + #"\M-OC": forward-char + #"\M-OA": previous-history + #"\M-OB": next-history + # + # Arrow keys in ANSI mode + # + "\M-[D": backward-char + "\M-[C": forward-char + "\M-[A": previous-history + "\M-[B": next-history + # + # Arrow keys in 8 bit keypad mode + # + #"\M-\C-OD": backward-char + #"\M-\C-OC": forward-char + #"\M-\C-OA": previous-history + #"\M-\C-OB": next-history + # + # Arrow keys in 8 bit ANSI mode + # + #"\M-\C-[D": backward-char + #"\M-\C-[C": forward-char + #"\M-\C-[A": previous-history + #"\M-\C-[B": next-history + + C-q: quoted-insert + + $endif + + # An old-style binding. This happens to be the default. + TAB: complete + + # Macros that are convenient for shell interaction + $if Bash + # edit the path + "\C-xp": "PATH=${PATH}\e\C-e\C-a\ef\C-f" + # prepare to type a quoted word -- insert open and close double quotes + # and move to just after the open quote + "\C-x\"": "\"\"\C-b" + # insert a backslash (testing backslash escapes in sequences and macros) + "\C-x\\": "\\" + # Quote the current or previous word + "\C-xq": "\eb\"\ef\"" + # Add a binding to refresh the line, which is unbound + "\C-xr": redraw-current-line + # Edit variable on current line. + "\M-\C-v": "\C-a\C-k$\C-y\M-\C-e\C-a\C-y=" + $endif + + # use a visible bell if one is available + set bell-style visible + + # don't strip characters to 7 bits when reading + set input-meta on + + # allow iso-latin1 characters to be inserted rather than converted to + # prefix-meta sequences + set convert-meta off + + # display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than + # as meta-prefixed characters + set output-meta on + + # if there are more than 150 possible completions for a word, ask the + # user if he wants to see all of them + set completion-query-items 150 + + # For FTP + $if Ftp + "\C-xg": "get \M-?" + "\C-xt": "put \M-?" + "\M-.": yank-last-arg + $endif + + +File: readline.info, Node: Bindable Readline Commands, Next: Readline vi Mode, Prev: Readline Init File, Up: Command Line Editing + +Bindable Readline Commands +========================== + +* Menu: + +* Commands For Moving:: Moving about the line. +* Commands For History:: Getting at previous lines. +* Commands For Text:: Commands for changing text. +* Commands For Killing:: Commands for killing and yanking. +* Numeric Arguments:: Specifying numeric arguments, repeat counts. +* Commands For Completion:: Getting Readline to do the typing for you. +* Keyboard Macros:: Saving and re-executing typed characters +* Miscellaneous Commands:: Other miscellaneous commands. + + This section describes Readline commands that may be bound to key +sequences. + + Command names without an accompanying key sequence are unbound by +default. In the following descriptions, "point" refers to the current +cursor position, and "mark" refers to a cursor position saved by the +`set-mark' command. The text between the point and mark is referred to +as the "region". + + +File: readline.info, Node: Commands For Moving, Next: Commands For History, Up: Bindable Readline Commands + +Commands For Moving +------------------- + +`beginning-of-line (C-a)' + Move to the start of the current line. + +`end-of-line (C-e)' + Move to the end of the line. + +`forward-char (C-f)' + Move forward a character. + +`backward-char (C-b)' + Move back a character. + +`forward-word (M-f)' + Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are composed of + letters and digits. + +`backward-word (M-b)' + Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words are + composed of letters and digits. + +`clear-screen (C-l)' + Clear the screen and redraw the current line, leaving the current + line at the top of the screen. + +`redraw-current-line ()' + Refresh the current line. By default, this is unbound. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Commands For History, Next: Commands For Text, Prev: Commands For Moving, Up: Bindable Readline Commands + +Commands For Manipulating The History +------------------------------------- + +`accept-line (Newline or Return)' + Accept the line regardless of where the cursor is. If this line is + non-empty, it may be added to the history list for future recall + with `add_history()'. If this line is a modified history line, + then restore the history line to its original state. + +`previous-history (C-p)' + Move `up' through the history list. + +`next-history (C-n)' + Move `down' through the history list. + +`beginning-of-history (M-<)' + Move to the first line in the history. + +`end-of-history (M->)' + Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently + being entered. + +`reverse-search-history (C-r)' + Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up' + through the history as necessary. This is an incremental search. + +`forward-search-history (C-s)' + Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down' + through the the history as necessary. This is an incremental + search. + +`non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)' + Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up' + through the history as necessary using a non-incremental search + for a string supplied by the user. + +`non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)' + Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down' + through the the history as necessary using a non-incremental search + for a string supplied by the user. + +`history-search-forward ()' + Search forward through the history for the string of characters + between the start of the current line and the point. This is a + non-incremental search. By default, this command is unbound. + +`history-search-backward ()' + Search backward through the history for the string of characters + between the start of the current line and the point. This is a + non-incremental search. By default, this command is unbound. + +`yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)' + Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually the + second word on the previous line). With an argument N, insert the + Nth word from the previous command (the words in the previous + command begin with word 0). A negative argument inserts the Nth + word from the end of the previous command. + +`yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)' + Insert last argument to the previous command (the last word of the + previous history entry). With an argument, behave exactly like + `yank-nth-arg'. Successive calls to `yank-last-arg' move back + through the history list, inserting the last argument of each line + in turn. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Commands For Text, Next: Commands For Killing, Prev: Commands For History, Up: Bindable Readline Commands + +Commands For Changing Text +-------------------------- + +`delete-char (C-d)' + Delete the character under the cursor. If the cursor is at the + beginning of the line, there are no characters in the line, and + the last character typed was not bound to `delete-char', then + return EOF. + +`backward-delete-char (Rubout)' + Delete the character behind the cursor. A numeric argument means + to kill the characters instead of deleting them. + +`forward-backward-delete-char ()' + Delete the character under the cursor, unless the cursor is at the + end of the line, in which case the character behind the cursor is + deleted. By default, this is not bound to a key. + +`quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)' + Add the next character typed to the line verbatim. This is how to + insert key sequences like `C-q', for example. + +`tab-insert (M-<TAB>)' + Insert a tab character. + +`self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, ...)' + Insert yourself. + +`transpose-chars (C-t)' + Drag the character before the cursor forward over the character at + the cursor, moving the cursor forward as well. If the insertion + point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the last two + characters of the line. Negative arguments have no effect. + +`transpose-words (M-t)' + Drag the word before point past the word after point, moving point + past that word as well. + +`upcase-word (M-u)' + Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative + argument, uppercase the previous word, but do not move the cursor. + +`downcase-word (M-l)' + Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative + argument, lowercase the previous word, but do not move the cursor. + +`capitalize-word (M-c)' + Capitalize the current (or following) word. With a negative + argument, capitalize the previous word, but do not move the cursor. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Commands For Killing, Next: Numeric Arguments, Prev: Commands For Text, Up: Bindable Readline Commands + +Killing And Yanking +------------------- + +`kill-line (C-k)' + Kill the text from point to the end of the line. + +`backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)' + Kill backward to the beginning of the line. + +`unix-line-discard (C-u)' + Kill backward from the cursor to the beginning of the current line. + +`kill-whole-line ()' + Kill all characters on the current line, no matter point is. By + default, this is unbound. + +`kill-word (M-d)' + Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between + words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the same + as `forward-word'. + +`backward-kill-word (M-<DEL>)' + Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as + `backward-word'. + +`unix-word-rubout (C-w)' + Kill the word behind point, using white space as a word boundary. + The killed text is saved on the kill-ring. + +`delete-horizontal-space ()' + Delete all spaces and tabs around point. By default, this is + unbound. + +`kill-region ()' + Kill the text in the current region. By default, this command is + unbound. + +`copy-region-as-kill ()' + Copy the text in the region to the kill buffer, so it can be yanked + right away. By default, this command is unbound. + +`copy-backward-word ()' + Copy the word before point to the kill buffer. The word + boundaries are the same as `backward-word'. By default, this + command is unbound. + +`copy-forward-word ()' + Copy the word following point to the kill buffer. The word + boundaries are the same as `forward-word'. By default, this + command is unbound. + +`yank (C-y)' + Yank the top of the kill ring into the buffer at the current + cursor position. + +`yank-pop (M-y)' + Rotate the kill-ring, and yank the new top. You can only do this + if the prior command is `yank' or `yank-pop'. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Numeric Arguments, Next: Commands For Completion, Prev: Commands For Killing, Up: Bindable Readline Commands + +Specifying Numeric Arguments +---------------------------- + +`digit-argument (M-0, M-1, ... M--)' + Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a new + argument. `M--' starts a negative argument. + +`universal-argument ()' + This is another way to specify an argument. If this command is + followed by one or more digits, optionally with a leading minus + sign, those digits define the argument. If the command is + followed by digits, executing `universal-argument' again ends the + numeric argument, but is otherwise ignored. As a special case, if + this command is immediately followed by a character that is + neither a digit or minus sign, the argument count for the next + command is multiplied by four. The argument count is initially + one, so executing this function the first time makes the argument + count four, a second time makes the argument count sixteen, and so + on. By default, this is not bound to a key. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Commands For Completion, Next: Keyboard Macros, Prev: Numeric Arguments, Up: Bindable Readline Commands + +Letting Readline Type For You +----------------------------- + +`complete (<TAB>)' + Attempt to perform completion on the text before point. The + actual completion performed is application-specific. The default + is filename completion. + +`possible-completions (M-?)' + List the possible completions of the text before the cursor. + +`insert-completions (M-*)' + Insert all completions of the text before point that would have + been generated by `possible-completions'. + +`menu-complete ()' + Similar to `complete', but replaces the word to be completed with + a single match from the list of possible completions. Repeated + execution of `menu-complete' steps through the list of possible + completions, inserting each match in turn. At the end of the list + of completions, the bell is rung and the original text is restored. + An argument of N moves N positions forward in the list of matches; + a negative argument may be used to move backward through the list. + This command is intended to be bound to <TAB>, but is unbound by + default. + +`delete-char-or-list ()' + Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the beginning or + end of the line (like `delete-char'). If at the end of the line, + behaves identically to `possible-completions'. This command is + unbound by default. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Keyboard Macros, Next: Miscellaneous Commands, Prev: Commands For Completion, Up: Bindable Readline Commands + +Keyboard Macros +--------------- + +`start-kbd-macro (C-x ()' + Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro. + +`end-kbd-macro (C-x ))' + Stop saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro + and save the definition. + +`call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)' + Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the + characters in the macro appear as if typed at the keyboard. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Miscellaneous Commands, Prev: Keyboard Macros, Up: Bindable Readline Commands + +Some Miscellaneous Commands +--------------------------- + +`re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)' + Read in the contents of the INPUTRC file, and incorporate any + bindings or variable assignments found there. + +`abort (C-g)' + Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal's bell + (subject to the setting of `bell-style'). + +`do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-X, ...)' + If the metafied character X is lowercase, run the command that is + bound to the corresponding uppercase character. + +`prefix-meta (<ESC>)' + Make the next character typed be metafied. This is for keyboards + without a meta key. Typing `<ESC> f' is equivalent to typing + `M-f'. + +`undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)' + Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line. + +`revert-line (M-r)' + Undo all changes made to this line. This is like executing the + `undo' command enough times to get back to the beginning. + +`tilde-expand (M-~)' + Perform tilde expansion on the current word. + +`set-mark (C-@)' + Set the mark to the current point. If a numeric argument is + supplied, the mark is set to that position. + +`exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)' + Swap the point with the mark. The current cursor position is set + to the saved position, and the old cursor position is saved as the + mark. + +`character-search (C-])' + A character is read and point is moved to the next occurrence of + that character. A negative count searches for previous + occurrences. + +`character-search-backward (M-C-])' + A character is read and point is moved to the previous occurrence + of that character. A negative count searches for subsequent + occurrences. + +`insert-comment (M-#)' + The value of the `comment-begin' variable is inserted at the + beginning of the current line, and the line is accepted as if a + newline had been typed. + +`dump-functions ()' + Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the Readline + output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, the output is + formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an INPUTRC + file. This command is unbound by default. + +`dump-variables ()' + Print all of the settable variables and their values to the + Readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, the + output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an + INPUTRC file. This command is unbound by default. + +`dump-macros ()' + Print all of the Readline key sequences bound to macros and the + strings they output. If a numeric argument is supplied, the + output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an + INPUTRC file. This command is unbound by default. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Readline vi Mode, Prev: Bindable Readline Commands, Up: Command Line Editing + +Readline vi Mode +================ + + While the Readline library does not have a full set of `vi' editing +functions, it does contain enough to allow simple editing of the line. +The Readline `vi' mode behaves as specified in the POSIX 1003.2 +standard. + + In order to switch interactively between `emacs' and `vi' editing +modes, use the command `M-C-j' (toggle-editing-mode). The Readline +default is `emacs' mode. + + When you enter a line in `vi' mode, you are already placed in +`insertion' mode, as if you had typed an `i'. Pressing <ESC> switches +you into `command' mode, where you can edit the text of the line with +the standard `vi' movement keys, move to previous history lines with +`k' and subsequent lines with `j', and so forth. + + This document describes the GNU Readline Library, a utility for +aiding in the consitency of user interface across discrete programs +that need to provide a command line interface. + + Copyright (C) 1988-2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + + Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this +manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice pare +preserved on all copies. + + Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of +this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that +the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a +permission notice identical to this one. + + Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this +manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified +versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a +translation approved by the Foundation. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Programming with GNU Readline, Next: Concept Index, Prev: Command Line Editing, Up: Top + +Programming with GNU Readline +***************************** + + This chapter describes the interface between the GNU Readline +Library and other programs. If you are a programmer, and you wish to +include the features found in GNU Readline such as completion, line +editing, and interactive history manipulation in your own programs, +this section is for you. + +* Menu: + +* Basic Behavior:: Using the default behavior of Readline. +* Custom Functions:: Adding your own functions to Readline. +* Readline Variables:: Variables accessible to custom + functions. +* Readline Convenience Functions:: Functions which Readline supplies to + aid in writing your own custom + functions. +* Readline Signal Handling:: How Readline behaves when it receives signals. +* Custom Completers:: Supplanting or supplementing Readline's + completion functions. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Basic Behavior, Next: Custom Functions, Up: Programming with GNU Readline + +Basic Behavior +============== + + Many programs provide a command line interface, such as `mail', +`ftp', and `sh'. For such programs, the default behaviour of Readline +is sufficient. This section describes how to use Readline in the +simplest way possible, perhaps to replace calls in your code to +`gets()' or `fgets()'. + + `char *readline (const char *PROMPT);' + + The function `readline()' prints a prompt PROMPT and then reads and +returns a single line of text from the user. If PROMPT is `NULL' or +the empty string, no prompt is displayed. The line `readline' returns +is allocated with `malloc()'; the caller should `free()' the line when +it has finished with it. The declaration for `readline' in ANSI C is + +So, one might say + `char *line = readline ("Enter a line: ");' + +in order to read a line of text from the user. The line returned has +the final newline removed, so only the text remains. + + If `readline' encounters an `EOF' while reading the line, and the +line is empty at that point, then `(char *)NULL' is returned. +Otherwise, the line is ended just as if a newline had been typed. + + If you want the user to be able to get at the line later, (with +<C-p> for example), you must call `add_history()' to save the line away +in a "history" list of such lines. + + `add_history (line)'; + +For full details on the GNU History Library, see the associated manual. + + It is preferable to avoid saving empty lines on the history list, +since users rarely have a burning need to reuse a blank line. Here is +a function which usefully replaces the standard `gets()' library +function, and has the advantage of no static buffer to overflow: + + /* A static variable for holding the line. */ + static char *line_read = (char *)NULL; + + /* Read a string, and return a pointer to it. Returns NULL on EOF. */ + char * + rl_gets () + { + /* If the buffer has already been allocated, return the memory + to the free pool. */ + if (line_read) + { + free (line_read); + line_read = (char *)NULL; + } + + /* Get a line from the user. */ + line_read = readline (""); + + /* If the line has any text in it, save it on the history. */ + if (line_read && *line_read) + add_history (line_read); + + return (line_read); + } + + This function gives the user the default behaviour of <TAB> +completion: completion on file names. If you do not want Readline to +complete on filenames, you can change the binding of the <TAB> key with +`rl_bind_key()'. + + `int rl_bind_key (int KEY, rl_command_func_t *FUNCTION);' + + `rl_bind_key()' takes two arguments: KEY is the character that you +want to bind, and FUNCTION is the address of the function to call when +KEY is pressed. Binding <TAB> to `rl_insert()' makes <TAB> insert +itself. `rl_bind_key()' returns non-zero if KEY is not a valid ASCII +character code (between 0 and 255). + + Thus, to disable the default <TAB> behavior, the following suffices: + `rl_bind_key ('\t', rl_insert);' + + This code should be executed once at the start of your program; you +might write a function called `initialize_readline()' which performs +this and other desired initializations, such as installing custom +completers (*note Custom Completers::). + + +File: readline.info, Node: Custom Functions, Next: Readline Variables, Prev: Basic Behavior, Up: Programming with GNU Readline + +Custom Functions +================ + + Readline provides many functions for manipulating the text of the +line, but it isn't possible to anticipate the needs of all programs. +This section describes the various functions and variables defined +within the Readline library which allow a user program to add +customized functionality to Readline. + + Before declaring any functions that customize Readline's behavior, or +using any functionality Readline provides in other code, an application +writer should include the file `<readline/readline.h>' in any file that +uses Readline's features. Since some of the definitions in +`readline.h' use the `stdio' library, the file `<stdio.h>' should be +included before `readline.h'. + +* Menu: + +* Readline Typedefs:: C declarations to make code readable. +* Function Writing:: Variables and calling conventions. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Readline Typedefs, Next: Function Writing, Up: Custom Functions + +Readline Typedefs +----------------- + + For readabilty, we declare a number of new object types, all pointers +to functions. + + The reason for declaring these new types is to make it easier to +write code describing pointers to C functions with appropriately +prototyped arguments and return values. + + For instance, say we want to declare a variable FUNC as a pointer to +a function which takes two `int' arguments and returns an `int' (this +is the type of all of the Readline bindable functions). Instead of the +classic C declaration + + `int (*func)();' + +or the ANSI-C style declaration + + `int (*func)(int, int);' + +we may write + + `rl_command_func_t *func;' + + The full list of function pointer types available is + +`typedef int rl_command_func_t (int, int);' + +`typedef char *rl_compentry_func_t (const char *, int);' + +`typedef char **rl_completion_func_t (const char *, int, int);' + +`typedef char *rl_quote_func_t (char *, int, char *);' + +`typedef char *rl_dequote_func_t (char *, int);' + +`typedef int rl_compignore_func_t (char **);' + +`typedef void rl_compdisp_func_t (char **, int, int);' + +`typedef int rl_hook_func_t (void);' + +`typedef int rl_getc_func_t (FILE *);' + +`typedef int rl_linebuf_func_t (char *, int);' + +`typedef int rl_intfunc_t (int);' + +`#define rl_ivoidfunc_t rl_hook_func_t' + +`typedef int rl_icpfunc_t (char *);' + +`typedef int rl_icppfunc_t (char **);' + +`typedef void rl_voidfunc_t (void);' + +`typedef void rl_vintfunc_t (int);' + +`typedef void rl_vcpfunc_t (char *);' + +`typedef void rl_vcppfunc_t (char **);' + +File: readline.info, Node: Function Writing, Prev: Readline Typedefs, Up: Custom Functions + +Writing a New Function +---------------------- + + In order to write new functions for Readline, you need to know the +calling conventions for keyboard-invoked functions, and the names of the +variables that describe the current state of the line read so far. + + The calling sequence for a command `foo' looks like + + `foo (int count, int key)' + +where COUNT is the numeric argument (or 1 if defaulted) and KEY is the +key that invoked this function. + + It is completely up to the function as to what should be done with +the numeric argument. Some functions use it as a repeat count, some as +a flag, and others to choose alternate behavior (refreshing the current +line as opposed to refreshing the screen, for example). Some choose to +ignore it. In general, if a function uses the numeric argument as a +repeat count, it should be able to do something useful with both +negative and positive arguments. At the very least, it should be aware +that it can be passed a negative argument. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Readline Variables, Next: Readline Convenience Functions, Prev: Custom Functions, Up: Programming with GNU Readline + +Readline Variables +================== + + These variables are available to function writers. + + - Variable: char * rl_line_buffer + This is the line gathered so far. You are welcome to modify the + contents of the line, but see *Note Allowing Undoing::. The + function `rl_extend_line_buffer' is available to increase the + memory allocated to `rl_line_buffer'. + + - Variable: int rl_point + The offset of the current cursor position in `rl_line_buffer' (the + _point_). + + - Variable: int rl_end + The number of characters present in `rl_line_buffer'. When + `rl_point' is at the end of the line, `rl_point' and `rl_end' are + equal. + + - Variable: int rl_mark + The MARK (saved position) in the current line. If set, the mark + and point define a _region_. + + - Variable: int rl_done + Setting this to a non-zero value causes Readline to return the + current line immediately. + + - Variable: int rl_num_chars_to_read + Setting this to a positive value before calling `readline()' causes + Readline to return after accepting that many characters, rather + than reading up to a character bound to `accept-line'. + + - Variable: int rl_pending_input + Setting this to a value makes it the next keystroke read. This is + a way to stuff a single character into the input stream. + + - Variable: int rl_dispatching + Set to a non-zero value if a function is being called from a key + binding; zero otherwise. Application functions can test this to + discover whether they were called directly or by Readline's + dispatching mechanism. + + - Variable: int rl_erase_empty_line + Setting this to a non-zero value causes Readline to completely + erase the current line, including any prompt, any time a newline + is typed as the only character on an otherwise-empty line. The + cursor is moved to the beginning of the newly-blank line. + + - Variable: char * rl_prompt + The prompt Readline uses. This is set from the argument to + `readline()', and should not be assigned to directly. + + - Variable: int rl_already_prompted + If an application wishes to display the prompt itself, rather than + have Readline do it the first time `readline()' is called, it + should set this variable to a non-zero value after displaying the + prompt. The prompt must also be passed as the argument to + `readline()' so the redisplay functions can update the display + properly. The calling application is responsible for managing the + value; Readline never sets it. + + - Variable: const char * rl_library_version + The version number of this revision of the library. + + - Variable: int rl_gnu_readline_p + Always set to 1, denoting that this is GNU readline rather than + some emulation. + + - Variable: const char * rl_terminal_name + The terminal type, used for initialization. If not set by the + application, Readline sets this to the value of the `TERM' + environment variable the first time it is called. + + - Variable: const char * rl_readline_name + This variable is set to a unique name by each application using + Readline. The value allows conditional parsing of the inputrc file + (*note Conditional Init Constructs::). + + - Variable: FILE * rl_instream + The stdio stream from which Readline reads input. + + - Variable: FILE * rl_outstream + The stdio stream to which Readline performs output. + + - Variable: rl_command_func_t * rl_last_func + The address of the last command function Readline executed. May + be used to test whether or not a function is being executed twice + in succession, for example. + + - Variable: rl_hook_func_t * rl_startup_hook + If non-zero, this is the address of a function to call just before + `readline' prints the first prompt. + + - Variable: rl_hook_func_t * rl_pre_input_hook + If non-zero, this is the address of a function to call after the + first prompt has been printed and just before `readline' starts + reading input characters. + + - Variable: rl_hook_func_t * rl_event_hook + If non-zero, this is the address of a function to call periodically + when readline is waiting for terminal input. + + - Variable: rl_getc_func_t * rl_getc_function + If non-zero, `readline' will call indirectly through this pointer + to get a character from the input stream. By default, it is set to + `rl_getc', the default `readline' character input function (*note + Character Input::). + + - Variable: rl_voidfunc_t * rl_redisplay_function + If non-zero, `readline' will call indirectly through this pointer + to update the display with the current contents of the editing + buffer. By default, it is set to `rl_redisplay', the default + `readline' redisplay function (*note Redisplay::). + + - Variable: rl_vintfunc_t * rl_prep_term_function + If non-zero, `readline' will call indirectly through this pointer + to initialize the terminal. The function takes a single argument, + an `int' flag that says whether or not to use eight-bit characters. + By default, this is set to `rl_prep_terminal' (*note Terminal + Management::). + + - Variable: rl_voidfunc_t * rl_deprep_term_function + If non-zero, `readline' will call indirectly through this pointer + to reset the terminal. This function should undo the effects of + `rl_prep_term_function'. By default, this is set to + `rl_deprep_terminal' (*note Terminal Management::). + + - Variable: Keymap rl_executing_keymap + This variable is set to the keymap (*note Keymaps::) in which the + currently executing readline function was found. + + - Variable: Keymap rl_binding_keymap + This variable is set to the keymap (*note Keymaps::) in which the + last key binding occurred. + + - Variable: char * rl_executing_macro + This variable is set to the text of any currently-executing macro. + + - Variable: int rl_readline_state + A variable with bit values that encapsulate the current Readline + state. A bit is set with the `RL_SETSTATE' macro, and unset with + the `RL_UNSETSTATE' macro. Use the `RL_ISSTATE' macro to test + whether a particular state bit is set. Current state bits include: + + `RL_STATE_NONE' + Readline has not yet been called, nor has it begun to + intialize. + + `RL_STATE_INITIALIZING' + Readline is initializing its internal data structures. + + `RL_STATE_INITIALIZED' + Readline has completed its initialization. + + `RL_STATE_TERMPREPPED' + Readline has modified the terminal modes to do its own input + and redisplay. + + `RL_STATE_READCMD' + Readline is reading a command from the keyboard. + + `RL_STATE_METANEXT' + Readline is reading more input after reading the meta-prefix + character. + + `RL_STATE_DISPATCHING' + Readline is dispatching to a command. + + `RL_STATE_MOREINPUT' + Readline is reading more input while executing an editing + command. + + `RL_STATE_ISEARCH' + Readline is performing an incremental history search. + + `RL_STATE_NSEARCH' + Readline is performing a non-incremental history search. + + `RL_STATE_SEARCH' + Readline is searching backward or forward through the history + for a string. + + `RL_STATE_NUMERICARG' + Readline is reading a numeric argument. + + `RL_STATE_MACROINPUT' + Readline is currently getting its input from a + previously-defined keyboard macro. + + `RL_STATE_MACRODEF' + Readline is currently reading characters defining a keyboard + macro. + + `RL_STATE_OVERWRITE' + Readline is in overwrite mode. + + `RL_STATE_COMPLETING' + Readline is performing word completion. + + `RL_STATE_SIGHANDLER' + Readline is currently executing the readline signal handler. + + `RL_STATE_UNDOING' + Readline is performing an undo. + + `RL_STATE_DONE' + Readline has read a key sequence bound to `accept-line' and + is about to return the line to the caller. + + + - Variable: int rl_explicit_arg + Set to a non-zero value if an explicit numeric argument was + specified by the user. Only valid in a bindable command function. + + - Variable: int rl_numeric_arg + Set to the value of any numeric argument explicitly specified by + the user before executing the current Readline function. Only + valid in a bindable command function. + + - Variable: int rl_editing_mode + Set to a value denoting Readline's current editing mode. A value + of EMACS_MODE means Readline is currently in emacs mode; VI_MODE + means that vi mode is active. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Readline Convenience Functions, Next: Readline Signal Handling, Prev: Readline Variables, Up: Programming with GNU Readline + +Readline Convenience Functions +============================== + +* Menu: + +* Function Naming:: How to give a function you write a name. +* Keymaps:: Making keymaps. +* Binding Keys:: Changing Keymaps. +* Associating Function Names and Bindings:: Translate function names to + key sequences. +* Allowing Undoing:: How to make your functions undoable. +* Redisplay:: Functions to control line display. +* Modifying Text:: Functions to modify `rl_line_buffer'. +* Character Input:: Functions to read keyboard input. +* Terminal Management:: Functions to manage terminal settings. +* Utility Functions:: Generally useful functions and hooks. +* Alternate Interface:: Using Readline in a `callback' fashion. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Function Naming, Next: Keymaps, Up: Readline Convenience Functions + +Naming a Function +----------------- + + The user can dynamically change the bindings of keys while using +Readline. This is done by representing the function with a descriptive +name. The user is able to type the descriptive name when referring to +the function. Thus, in an init file, one might find + + Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word + + This binds the keystroke <Meta-Rubout> to the function +_descriptively_ named `backward-kill-word'. You, as the programmer, +should bind the functions you write to descriptive names as well. +Readline provides a function for doing that: + + - Function: int rl_add_defun (const char *name, rl_command_func_t + *function, int key) + Add NAME to the list of named functions. Make FUNCTION be the + function that gets called. If KEY is not -1, then bind it to + FUNCTION using `rl_bind_key()'. + + Using this function alone is sufficient for most applications. It is +the recommended way to add a few functions to the default functions that +Readline has built in. If you need to do something other than adding a +function to Readline, you may need to use the underlying functions +described below. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Keymaps, Next: Binding Keys, Prev: Function Naming, Up: Readline Convenience Functions + +Selecting a Keymap +------------------ + + Key bindings take place on a "keymap". The keymap is the +association between the keys that the user types and the functions that +get run. You can make your own keymaps, copy existing keymaps, and tell +Readline which keymap to use. + + - Function: Keymap rl_make_bare_keymap (void) + Returns a new, empty keymap. The space for the keymap is + allocated with `malloc()'; the caller should free it by calling + `rl_discard_keymap()' when done. + + - Function: Keymap rl_copy_keymap (Keymap map) + Return a new keymap which is a copy of MAP. + + - Function: Keymap rl_make_keymap (void) + Return a new keymap with the printing characters bound to + rl_insert, the lowercase Meta characters bound to run their + equivalents, and the Meta digits bound to produce numeric + arguments. + + - Function: void rl_discard_keymap (Keymap keymap) + Free the storage associated with KEYMAP. + + Readline has several internal keymaps. These functions allow you to +change which keymap is active. + + - Function: Keymap rl_get_keymap (void) + Returns the currently active keymap. + + - Function: void rl_set_keymap (Keymap keymap) + Makes KEYMAP the currently active keymap. + + - Function: Keymap rl_get_keymap_by_name (const char *name) + Return the keymap matching NAME. NAME is one which would be + supplied in a `set keymap' inputrc line (*note Readline Init + File::). + + - Function: char * rl_get_keymap_name (Keymap keymap) + Return the name matching KEYMAP. NAME is one which would be + supplied in a `set keymap' inputrc line (*note Readline Init + File::). + + +File: readline.info, Node: Binding Keys, Next: Associating Function Names and Bindings, Prev: Keymaps, Up: Readline Convenience Functions + +Binding Keys +------------ + + Key sequences are associate with functions through the keymap. +Readline has several internal keymaps: `emacs_standard_keymap', +`emacs_meta_keymap', `emacs_ctlx_keymap', `vi_movement_keymap', and +`vi_insertion_keymap'. `emacs_standard_keymap' is the default, and the +examples in this manual assume that. + + Since `readline()' installs a set of default key bindings the first +time it is called, there is always the danger that a custom binding +installed before the first call to `readline()' will be overridden. An +alternate mechanism is to install custom key bindings in an +initialization function assigned to the `rl_startup_hook' variable +(*note Readline Variables::). + + These functions manage key bindings. + + - Function: int rl_bind_key (int key, rl_command_func_t *function) + Binds KEY to FUNCTION in the currently active keymap. Returns + non-zero in the case of an invalid KEY. + + - Function: int rl_bind_key_in_map (int key, rl_command_func_t + *function, Keymap map) + Bind KEY to FUNCTION in MAP. Returns non-zero in the case of an + invalid KEY. + + - Function: int rl_unbind_key (int key) + Bind KEY to the null function in the currently active keymap. + Returns non-zero in case of error. + + - Function: int rl_unbind_key_in_map (int key, Keymap map) + Bind KEY to the null function in MAP. Returns non-zero in case of + error. + + - Function: int rl_unbind_function_in_map (rl_command_func_t + *function, Keymap map) + Unbind all keys that execute FUNCTION in MAP. + + - Function: int rl_unbind_command_in_map (const char *command, Keymap + map) + Unbind all keys that are bound to COMMAND in MAP. + + - Function: int rl_set_key (const char *keyseq, rl_command_func_t + *function, Keymap map) + Bind the key sequence represented by the string KEYSEQ to the + function FUNCTION. This makes new keymaps as necessary. The + initial keymap in which to do bindings is MAP. + + - Function: int rl_generic_bind (int type, const char *keyseq, char + *data, Keymap map) + Bind the key sequence represented by the string KEYSEQ to the + arbitrary pointer DATA. TYPE says what kind of data is pointed to + by DATA; this can be a function (`ISFUNC'), a macro (`ISMACR'), or + a keymap (`ISKMAP'). This makes new keymaps as necessary. The + initial keymap in which to do bindings is MAP. + + - Function: int rl_parse_and_bind (char *line) + Parse LINE as if it had been read from the `inputrc' file and + perform any key bindings and variable assignments found (*note + Readline Init File::). + + - Function: int rl_read_init_file (const char *filename) + Read keybindings and variable assignments from FILENAME (*note + Readline Init File::). + + +File: readline.info, Node: Associating Function Names and Bindings, Next: Allowing Undoing, Prev: Binding Keys, Up: Readline Convenience Functions + +Associating Function Names and Bindings +--------------------------------------- + + These functions allow you to find out what keys invoke named +functions and the functions invoked by a particular key sequence. You +may also associate a new function name with an arbitrary function. + + - Function: rl_command_func_t * rl_named_function (const char *name) + Return the function with name NAME. + + - Function: rl_command_func_t * rl_function_of_keyseq (const char + *keyseq, Keymap map, int *type) + Return the function invoked by KEYSEQ in keymap MAP. If MAP is + `NULL', the current keymap is used. If TYPE is not `NULL', the + type of the object is returned in the `int' variable it points to + (one of `ISFUNC', `ISKMAP', or `ISMACR'). + + - Function: char ** rl_invoking_keyseqs (rl_command_func_t *function) + Return an array of strings representing the key sequences used to + invoke FUNCTION in the current keymap. + + - Function: char ** rl_invoking_keyseqs_in_map (rl_command_func_t + *function, Keymap map) + Return an array of strings representing the key sequences used to + invoke FUNCTION in the keymap MAP. + + - Function: void rl_function_dumper (int readable) + Print the readline function names and the key sequences currently + bound to them to `rl_outstream'. If READABLE is non-zero, the + list is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an + `inputrc' file and re-read. + + - Function: void rl_list_funmap_names (void) + Print the names of all bindable Readline functions to + `rl_outstream'. + + - Function: const char ** rl_funmap_names (void) + Return a NULL terminated array of known function names. The array + is sorted. The array itself is allocated, but not the strings + inside. You should `free()' the array when you are done, but not + the pointers. + + - Function: int rl_add_funmap_entry (const char *name, + rl_command_func_t *function) + Add NAME to the list of bindable Readline command names, and make + FUNCTION the function to be called when NAME is invoked. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Allowing Undoing, Next: Redisplay, Prev: Associating Function Names and Bindings, Up: Readline Convenience Functions + +Allowing Undoing +---------------- + + Supporting the undo command is a painless thing, and makes your +functions much more useful. It is certainly easy to try something if +you know you can undo it. + + If your function simply inserts text once, or deletes text once, and +uses `rl_insert_text()' or `rl_delete_text()' to do it, then undoing is +already done for you automatically. + + If you do multiple insertions or multiple deletions, or any +combination of these operations, you should group them together into +one operation. This is done with `rl_begin_undo_group()' and +`rl_end_undo_group()'. + + The types of events that can be undone are: + + enum undo_code { UNDO_DELETE, UNDO_INSERT, UNDO_BEGIN, UNDO_END }; + + Notice that `UNDO_DELETE' means to insert some text, and +`UNDO_INSERT' means to delete some text. That is, the undo code tells +what to undo, not how to undo it. `UNDO_BEGIN' and `UNDO_END' are tags +added by `rl_begin_undo_group()' and `rl_end_undo_group()'. + + - Function: int rl_begin_undo_group (void) + Begins saving undo information in a group construct. The undo + information usually comes from calls to `rl_insert_text()' and + `rl_delete_text()', but could be the result of calls to + `rl_add_undo()'. + + - Function: int rl_end_undo_group (void) + Closes the current undo group started with `rl_begin_undo_group + ()'. There should be one call to `rl_end_undo_group()' for each + call to `rl_begin_undo_group()'. + + - Function: void rl_add_undo (enum undo_code what, int start, int end, + char *text) + Remember how to undo an event (according to WHAT). The affected + text runs from START to END, and encompasses TEXT. + + - Function: void rl_free_undo_list (void) + Free the existing undo list. + + - Function: int rl_do_undo (void) + Undo the first thing on the undo list. Returns `0' if there was + nothing to undo, non-zero if something was undone. + + Finally, if you neither insert nor delete text, but directly modify +the existing text (e.g., change its case), call `rl_modifying()' once, +just before you modify the text. You must supply the indices of the +text range that you are going to modify. + + - Function: int rl_modifying (int start, int end) + Tell Readline to save the text between START and END as a single + undo unit. It is assumed that you will subsequently modify that + text. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Redisplay, Next: Modifying Text, Prev: Allowing Undoing, Up: Readline Convenience Functions + +Redisplay +--------- + + - Function: void rl_redisplay (void) + Change what's displayed on the screen to reflect the current + contents of `rl_line_buffer'. + + - Function: int rl_forced_update_display (void) + Force the line to be updated and redisplayed, whether or not + Readline thinks the screen display is correct. + + - Function: int rl_on_new_line (void) + Tell the update functions that we have moved onto a new (empty) + line, usually after ouputting a newline. + + - Function: int rl_on_new_line_with_prompt (void) + Tell the update functions that we have moved onto a new line, with + RL_PROMPT already displayed. This could be used by applications + that want to output the prompt string themselves, but still need + Readline to know the prompt string length for redisplay. It + should be used after setting RL_ALREADY_PROMPTED. + + - Function: int rl_reset_line_state (void) + Reset the display state to a clean state and redisplay the current + line starting on a new line. + + - Function: int rl_crlf (void) + Move the cursor to the start of the next screen line. + + - Function: int rl_message (const char *, ...) + The arguments are a format string as would be supplied to `printf', + possibly containing conversion specifications such as `%d', and + any additional arguments necessary to satisfy the conversion + specifications. The resulting string is displayed in the "echo + area". The echo area is also used to display numeric arguments + and search strings. + + - Function: int rl_clear_message (void) + Clear the message in the echo area. + + - Function: void rl_save_prompt (void) + Save the local Readline prompt display state in preparation for + displaying a new message in the message area with `rl_message()'. + + - Function: void rl_restore_prompt (void) + Restore the local Readline prompt display state saved by the most + recent call to `rl_save_prompt'. + + - Function: int rl_expand_prompt (char *prompt) + Expand any special character sequences in PROMPT and set up the + local Readline prompt redisplay variables. This function is + called by `readline()'. It may also be called to expand the + primary prompt if the `rl_on_new_line_with_prompt()' function or + `rl_already_prompted' variable is used. It returns the number of + visible characters on the last line of the (possibly multi-line) + prompt. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Modifying Text, Next: Character Input, Prev: Redisplay, Up: Readline Convenience Functions + +Modifying Text +-------------- + + - Function: int rl_insert_text (const char *text) + Insert TEXT into the line at the current cursor position. + + - Function: int rl_delete_text (int start, int end) + Delete the text between START and END in the current line. + + - Function: char * rl_copy_text (int start, int end) + Return a copy of the text between START and END in the current + line. + + - Function: int rl_kill_text (int start, int end) + Copy the text between START and END in the current line to the + kill ring, appending or prepending to the last kill if the last + command was a kill command. The text is deleted. If START is + less than END, the text is appended, otherwise prepended. If the + last command was not a kill, a new kill ring slot is used. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Character Input, Next: Terminal Management, Prev: Modifying Text, Up: Readline Convenience Functions + +Character Input +--------------- + + - Function: int rl_read_key (void) + Return the next character available from Readline's current input + stream. This handles input inserted into the input stream via + RL_PENDING_INPUT (*note Readline Variables::) and + `rl_stuff_char()', macros, and characters read from the keyboard. + + - Function: int rl_getc (FILE *stream) + Return the next character available from STREAM, which is assumed + to be the keyboard. + + - Function: int rl_stuff_char (int c) + Insert C into the Readline input stream. It will be "read" before + Readline attempts to read characters from the terminal with + `rl_read_key()'. + + - Function: int rl_execute_next (int c) + Make C be the next command to be executed when `rl_read_key()' is + called. This sets RL_PENDING_INPUT. + + - Function: int rl_clear_pending_input (void) + Unet RL_PENDING_INPUT, effectively negating the effect of any + previous call to `rl_execute_next()'. This works only if the + pending input has not already been read with `rl_read_key()'. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Terminal Management, Next: Utility Functions, Prev: Character Input, Up: Readline Convenience Functions + +Terminal Management +------------------- + + - Function: int rl_prep_terminal (int meta_flag) + Modify the terminal settings for Readline's use, so `readline()' + can read a single character at a time from the keyboard. The + META_FLAG argument should be non-zero if Readline should read + eight-bit input. + + - Function: in rl_deprep_terminal (void) + Undo the effects of `rl_prep_terminal()', leaving the terminal in + the state in which it was before the most recent call to + `rl_prep_terminal()'. + + - Function: void rl_tty_set_default_bindings (Keymap kmap) + Read the operating system's terminal editing characters (as would + be displayed by `stty' to their readline equivalents. The + bindings are performed in KMAP. + + - Function: int rl_reset_terminal (const char *terminal_name) + Reinitialize Readline's idea of the terminal settings using + TERMINAL_NAME as the terminal type (e.g., `vt100'). If + TERMINAL_NAME is NULL, the value of the `TERM' environment + variable is used. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Utility Functions, Next: Alternate Interface, Prev: Terminal Management, Up: Readline Convenience Functions + +Utility Functions +----------------- + + - Function: int rl_extend_line_buffer (int len) + Ensure that `rl_line_buffer' has enough space to hold LEN + characters, possibly reallocating it if necessary. + + - Function: int rl_initialize (void) + Initialize or re-initialize Readline's internal state. It's not + strictly necessary to call this; `readline()' calls it before + reading any input. + + - Function: int rl_ding (void) + Ring the terminal bell, obeying the setting of `bell-style'. + + - Function: int rl_alphabetic (int c) + Return 1 if C is an alphabetic character. + + - Function: void rl_display_match_list (char **matches, int len, int + max) + A convenience function for displaying a list of strings in + columnar format on Readline's output stream. `matches' is the list + of strings, in argv format, such as a list of completion matches. + `len' is the number of strings in `matches', and `max' is the + length of the longest string in `matches'. This function uses the + setting of `print-completions-horizontally' to select how the + matches are displayed (*note Readline Init File Syntax::). + + The following are implemented as macros, defined in `chardefs.h'. +Applications should refrain from using them. + + - Function: int _rl_uppercase_p (int c) + Return 1 if C is an uppercase alphabetic character. + + - Function: int _rl_lowercase_p (int c) + Return 1 if C is a lowercase alphabetic character. + + - Function: int _rl_digit_p (int c) + Return 1 if C is a numeric character. + + - Function: int _rl_to_upper (int c) + If C is a lowercase alphabetic character, return the corresponding + uppercase character. + + - Function: int _rl_to_lower (int c) + If C is an uppercase alphabetic character, return the corresponding + lowercase character. + + - Function: int _rl_digit_value (int c) + If C is a number, return the value it represents. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Alternate Interface, Prev: Utility Functions, Up: Readline Convenience Functions + +Alternate Interface +------------------- + + An alternate interface is available to plain `readline()'. Some +applications need to interleave keyboard I/O with file, device, or +window system I/O, typically by using a main loop to `select()' on +various file descriptors. To accomodate this need, readline can also +be invoked as a `callback' function from an event loop. There are +functions available to make this easy. + + - Function: void rl_callback_handler_install (const char *prompt, + rl_vcpfunc_t *lhandler) + Set up the terminal for readline I/O and display the initial + expanded value of PROMPT. Save the value of LHANDLER to use as a + function to call when a complete line of input has been entered. + The function takes the text of the line as an argument. + + - Function: void rl_callback_read_char (void) + Whenever an application determines that keyboard input is + available, it should call `rl_callback_read_char()', which will + read the next character from the current input source. If that + character completes the line, `rl_callback_read_char' will invoke + the LHANDLER function saved by `rl_callback_handler_install' to + process the line. `EOF' is indicated by calling LHANDLER with a + `NULL' line. + + - Function: void rl_callback_handler_remove (void) + Restore the terminal to its initial state and remove the line + handler. This may be called from within a callback as well as + independently. + +An Example +---------- + + Here is a function which changes lowercase characters to their +uppercase equivalents, and uppercase characters to lowercase. If this +function was bound to `M-c', then typing `M-c' would change the case of +the character under point. Typing `M-1 0 M-c' would change the case of +the following 10 characters, leaving the cursor on the last character +changed. + + /* Invert the case of the COUNT following characters. */ + int + invert_case_line (count, key) + int count, key; + { + register int start, end, i; + + start = rl_point; + + if (rl_point >= rl_end) + return (0); + + if (count < 0) + { + direction = -1; + count = -count; + } + else + direction = 1; + + /* Find the end of the range to modify. */ + end = start + (count * direction); + + /* Force it to be within range. */ + if (end > rl_end) + end = rl_end; + else if (end < 0) + end = 0; + + if (start == end) + return (0); + + if (start > end) + { + int temp = start; + start = end; + end = temp; + } + + /* Tell readline that we are modifying the line, so it will save + the undo information. */ + rl_modifying (start, end); + + for (i = start; i != end; i++) + { + if (_rl_uppercase_p (rl_line_buffer[i])) + rl_line_buffer[i] = _rl_to_lower (rl_line_buffer[i]); + else if (_rl_lowercase_p (rl_line_buffer[i])) + rl_line_buffer[i] = _rl_to_upper (rl_line_buffer[i]); + } + /* Move point to on top of the last character changed. */ + rl_point = (direction == 1) ? end - 1 : start; + return (0); + } + + +File: readline.info, Node: Readline Signal Handling, Next: Custom Completers, Prev: Readline Convenience Functions, Up: Programming with GNU Readline + +Readline Signal Handling +======================== + + Signals are asynchronous events sent to a process by the Unix kernel, +sometimes on behalf of another process. They are intended to indicate +exceptional events, like a user pressing the interrupt key on his +terminal, or a network connection being broken. There is a class of +signals that can be sent to the process currently reading input from +the keyboard. Since Readline changes the terminal attributes when it +is called, it needs to perform special processing when a signal is +received to restore the terminal to a sane state, or provide application +writers with functions to do so manually. + + Readline contains an internal signal handler that is installed for a +number of signals (`SIGINT', `SIGQUIT', `SIGTERM', `SIGALRM', +`SIGTSTP', `SIGTTIN', and `SIGTTOU'). When one of these signals is +received, the signal handler will reset the terminal attributes to +those that were in effect before `readline()' was called, reset the +signal handling to what it was before `readline()' was called, and +resend the signal to the calling application. If and when the calling +application's signal handler returns, Readline will reinitialize the +terminal and continue to accept input. When a `SIGINT' is received, +the Readline signal handler performs some additional work, which will +cause any partially-entered line to be aborted (see the description of +`rl_free_line_state()' below). + + There is an additional Readline signal handler, for `SIGWINCH', which +the kernel sends to a process whenever the terminal's size changes (for +example, if a user resizes an `xterm'). The Readline `SIGWINCH' +handler updates Readline's internal screen size information, and then +calls any `SIGWINCH' signal handler the calling application has +installed. Readline calls the application's `SIGWINCH' signal handler +without resetting the terminal to its original state. If the +application's signal handler does more than update its idea of the +terminal size and return (for example, a `longjmp' back to a main +processing loop), it _must_ call `rl_cleanup_after_signal()' (described +below), to restore the terminal state. + + Readline provides two variables that allow application writers to +control whether or not it will catch certain signals and act on them +when they are received. It is important that applications change the +values of these variables only when calling `readline()', not in a +signal handler, so Readline's internal signal state is not corrupted. + + - Variable: int rl_catch_signals + If this variable is non-zero, Readline will install signal + handlers for `SIGINT', `SIGQUIT', `SIGTERM', `SIGALRM', `SIGTSTP', + `SIGTTIN', and `SIGTTOU'. + + The default value of `rl_catch_signals' is 1. + + - Variable: int rl_catch_sigwinch + If this variable is non-zero, Readline will install a signal + handler for `SIGWINCH'. + + The default value of `rl_catch_sigwinch' is 1. + + If an application does not wish to have Readline catch any signals, +or to handle signals other than those Readline catches (`SIGHUP', for +example), Readline provides convenience functions to do the necessary +terminal and internal state cleanup upon receipt of a signal. + + - Function: void rl_cleanup_after_signal (void) + This function will reset the state of the terminal to what it was + before `readline()' was called, and remove the Readline signal + handlers for all signals, depending on the values of + `rl_catch_signals' and `rl_catch_sigwinch'. + + - Function: void rl_free_line_state (void) + This will free any partial state associated with the current input + line (undo information, any partial history entry, any + partially-entered keyboard macro, and any partially-entered + numeric argument). This should be called before + `rl_cleanup_after_signal()'. The Readline signal handler for + `SIGINT' calls this to abort the current input line. + + - Function: void rl_reset_after_signal (void) + This will reinitialize the terminal and reinstall any Readline + signal handlers, depending on the values of `rl_catch_signals' and + `rl_catch_sigwinch'. + + If an application does not wish Readline to catch `SIGWINCH', it may +call `rl_resize_terminal()' or `rl_set_screen_size()' to force Readline +to update its idea of the terminal size when a `SIGWINCH' is received. + + - Function: void rl_resize_terminal (void) + Update Readline's internal screen size by reading values from the + kernel. + + - Function: void rl_set_screen_size (int rows, int cols) + Set Readline's idea of the terminal size to ROWS rows and COLS + columns. + + The following functions install and remove Readline's signal +handlers. + + - Function: int rl_set_signals (void) + Install Readline's signal handler for `SIGINT', `SIGQUIT', + `SIGTERM', `SIGALRM', `SIGTSTP', `SIGTTIN', `SIGTTOU', and + `SIGWINCH', depending on the values of `rl_catch_signals' and + `rl_catch_sigwinch'. + + - Function: int rl_clear_signals (void) + Remove all of the Readline signal handlers installed by + `rl_set_signals()'. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Custom Completers, Prev: Readline Signal Handling, Up: Programming with GNU Readline + +Custom Completers +================= + + Typically, a program that reads commands from the user has a way of +disambiguating commands and data. If your program is one of these, then +it can provide completion for commands, data, or both. The following +sections describe how your program and Readline cooperate to provide +this service. + +* Menu: + +* How Completing Works:: The logic used to do completion. +* Completion Functions:: Functions provided by Readline. +* Completion Variables:: Variables which control completion. +* A Short Completion Example:: An example of writing completer subroutines. + + +File: readline.info, Node: How Completing Works, Next: Completion Functions, Up: Custom Completers + +How Completing Works +-------------------- + + In order to complete some text, the full list of possible completions +must be available. That is, it is not possible to accurately expand a +partial word without knowing all of the possible words which make sense +in that context. The Readline library provides the user interface to +completion, and two of the most common completion functions: filename +and username. For completing other types of text, you must write your +own completion function. This section describes exactly what such +functions must do, and provides an example. + + There are three major functions used to perform completion: + + 1. The user-interface function `rl_complete()'. This function is + called with the same arguments as other bindable Readline + functions: COUNT and INVOKING_KEY. It isolates the word to be + completed and calls `rl_completion_matches()' to generate a list + of possible completions. It then either lists the possible + completions, inserts the possible completions, or actually + performs the completion, depending on which behavior is desired. + + 2. The internal function `rl_completion_matches()' uses an + application-supplied "generator" function to generate the list of + possible matches, and then returns the array of these matches. + The caller should place the address of its generator function in + `rl_completion_entry_function'. + + 3. The generator function is called repeatedly from + `rl_completion_matches()', returning a string each time. The + arguments to the generator function are TEXT and STATE. TEXT is + the partial word to be completed. STATE is zero the first time + the function is called, allowing the generator to perform any + necessary initialization, and a positive non-zero integer for each + subsequent call. The generator function returns `(char *)NULL' to + inform `rl_completion_matches()' that there are no more + possibilities left. Usually the generator function computes the + list of possible completions when STATE is zero, and returns them + one at a time on subsequent calls. Each string the generator + function returns as a match must be allocated with `malloc()'; + Readline frees the strings when it has finished with them. + + + - Function: int rl_complete (int ignore, int invoking_key) + Complete the word at or before point. You have supplied the + function that does the initial simple matching selection algorithm + (see `rl_completion_matches()'). The default is to do filename + completion. + + - Variable: rl_compentry_func_t * rl_completion_entry_function + This is a pointer to the generator function for + `rl_completion_matches()'. If the value of + `rl_completion_entry_function' is `NULL' then the default filename + generator function, `rl_filename_completion_function()', is used. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Completion Functions, Next: Completion Variables, Prev: How Completing Works, Up: Custom Completers + +Completion Functions +-------------------- + + Here is the complete list of callable completion functions present in +Readline. + + - Function: int rl_complete_internal (int what_to_do) + Complete the word at or before point. WHAT_TO_DO says what to do + with the completion. A value of `?' means list the possible + completions. `TAB' means do standard completion. `*' means + insert all of the possible completions. `!' means to display all + of the possible completions, if there is more than one, as well as + performing partial completion. + + - Function: int rl_complete (int ignore, int invoking_key) + Complete the word at or before point. You have supplied the + function that does the initial simple matching selection algorithm + (see `rl_completion_matches()' and `rl_completion_entry_function'). + The default is to do filename completion. This calls + `rl_complete_internal()' with an argument depending on + INVOKING_KEY. + + - Function: int rl_possible_completions (int count, int invoking_key) + List the possible completions. See description of `rl_complete + ()'. This calls `rl_complete_internal()' with an argument of `?'. + + - Function: int rl_insert_completions (int count, int invoking_key) + Insert the list of possible completions into the line, deleting the + partially-completed word. See description of `rl_complete()'. + This calls `rl_complete_internal()' with an argument of `*'. + + - Function: char ** rl_completion_matches (const char *text, + rl_compentry_func_t *entry_func) + Returns an array of `(char *)' which is a list of completions for + TEXT. If there are no completions, returns `NULL'. The first + entry in the returned array is the substitution for TEXT. The + remaining entries are the possible completions. The array is + terminated with a `NULL' pointer. + + ENTRY_FUNC is a function of two args, and returns a `(char *)'. + The first argument is TEXT. The second is a state argument; it is + zero on the first call, and non-zero on subsequent calls. + ENTRY_FUNC returns a `NULL' pointer to the caller when there are + no more matches. + + - Function: char * rl_filename_completion_function (const char *text, + int state) + A generator function for filename completion in the general case. + Note that completion in Bash is a little different because of all + the pathnames that must be followed when looking up completions + for a command. The Bash source is a useful reference for writing + custom completion functions. + + - Function: char * rl_username_completion_function (const char *text, + int state) + A completion generator for usernames. TEXT contains a partial + username preceded by a random character (usually `~'). As with all + completion generators, STATE is zero on the first call and non-zero + for subsequent calls. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Completion Variables, Next: A Short Completion Example, Prev: Completion Functions, Up: Custom Completers + +Completion Variables +-------------------- + + - Variable: rl_compentry_func_t * rl_completion_entry_function + A pointer to the generator function for `rl_completion_matches()'. + `NULL' means to use `rl_filename_completion_function()', the + default filename completer. + + - Variable: rl_completion_func_t * rl_attempted_completion_function + A pointer to an alternative function to create matches. The + function is called with TEXT, START, and END. START and END are + indices in `rl_line_buffer' defining the boundaries of TEXT, which + is a character string. If this function exists and returns + `NULL', or if this variable is set to `NULL', then `rl_complete()' + will call the value of `rl_completion_entry_function' to generate + matches, otherwise the array of strings returned will be used. If + this function sets the `rl_attempted_completion_over' variable to + a non-zero value, Readline will not perform its default completion + if this function returns no matches. + + - Variable: rl_quote_func_t * rl_filename_quoting_function + A pointer to a function that will quote a filename in an + application-specific fashion. This is called if filename + completion is being attempted and one of the characters in + `rl_filename_quote_characters' appears in a completed filename. + The function is called with TEXT, MATCH_TYPE, and QUOTE_POINTER. + The TEXT is the filename to be quoted. The MATCH_TYPE is either + `SINGLE_MATCH', if there is only one completion match, or + `MULT_MATCH'. Some functions use this to decide whether or not to + insert a closing quote character. The QUOTE_POINTER is a pointer + to any opening quote character the user typed. Some functions + choose to reset this character. + + - Variable: rl_dequote_func_t * rl_filename_dequoting_function + A pointer to a function that will remove application-specific + quoting characters from a filename before completion is attempted, + so those characters do not interfere with matching the text + against names in the filesystem. It is called with TEXT, the text + of the word to be dequoted, and QUOTE_CHAR, which is the quoting + character that delimits the filename (usually `'' or `"'). If + QUOTE_CHAR is zero, the filename was not in an embedded string. + + - Variable: rl_linebuf_func_t * rl_char_is_quoted_p + A pointer to a function to call that determines whether or not a + specific character in the line buffer is quoted, according to + whatever quoting mechanism the program calling readline uses. The + function is called with two arguments: TEXT, the text of the line, + and INDEX, the index of the character in the line. It is used to + decide whether a character found in + `rl_completer_word_break_characters' should be used to break words + for the completer. + + - Variable: int rl_completion_query_items + Up to this many items will be displayed in response to a + possible-completions call. After that, we ask the user if she is + sure she wants to see them all. The default value is 100. + + - Variable: const char * rl_basic_word_break_characters + The basic list of characters that signal a break between words for + the completer routine. The default value of this variable is the + characters which break words for completion in Bash, i.e., `" + \t\n\"\\'`@$><=;|&{("'. + + - Variable: const char * rl_basic_quote_characters + List of quote characters which can cause a word break. + + - Variable: const char * rl_completer_word_break_characters + The list of characters that signal a break between words for + `rl_complete_internal()'. The default list is the value of + `rl_basic_word_break_characters'. + + - Variable: const char * rl_completer_quote_characters + List of characters which can be used to quote a substring of the + line. Completion occurs on the entire substring, and within the + substring `rl_completer_word_break_characters' are treated as any + other character, unless they also appear within this list. + + - Variable: const char * rl_filename_quote_characters + A list of characters that cause a filename to be quoted by the + completer when they appear in a completed filename. The default + is the null string. + + - Variable: const char * rl_special_prefixes + The list of characters that are word break characters, but should + be left in TEXT when it is passed to the completion function. + Programs can use this to help determine what kind of completing to + do. For instance, Bash sets this variable to "$@" so that it can + complete shell variables and hostnames. + + - Variable: int rl_completion_append_character + When a single completion alternative matches at the end of the + command line, this character is appended to the inserted + completion text. The default is a space character (` '). Setting + this to the null character (`\0') prevents anything being appended + automatically. This can be changed in custom completion functions + to provide the "most sensible word separator character" according + to an application-specific command line syntax specification. + + - Variable: int rl_ignore_completion_duplicates + If non-zero, then disallow duplicates in the matches. Default is + 1. + + - Variable: int rl_filename_completion_desired + Non-zero means that the results of the matches are to be treated as + filenames. This is _always_ zero on entry, and can only be changed + within a completion entry generator function. If it is set to a + non-zero value, directory names have a slash appended and Readline + attempts to quote completed filenames if they contain any + characters in `rl_filename_quote_characters' and + `rl_filename_quoting_desired' is set to a non-zero value. + + - Variable: int rl_filename_quoting_desired + Non-zero means that the results of the matches are to be quoted + using double quotes (or an application-specific quoting mechanism) + if the completed filename contains any characters in + `rl_filename_quote_chars'. This is _always_ non-zero on entry, + and can only be changed within a completion entry generator + function. The quoting is effected via a call to the function + pointed to by `rl_filename_quoting_function'. + + - Variable: int rl_attempted_completion_over + If an application-specific completion function assigned to + `rl_attempted_completion_function' sets this variable to a non-zero + value, Readline will not perform its default filename completion + if the application's completion function returns no matches. It + should be set only by an application's completion function. + + - Variable: int rl_completion_type + Set to a character describing the type of completion Readline is + currently attempting; see the description of + `rl_complete_internal()' (*note Completion Functions::) for the + list of characters. + + - Variable: int rl_inhibit_completion + If this variable is non-zero, completion is inhibited. The + completion character will be inserted as any other bound to + `self-insert'. + + - Variable: rl_compignore_func_t * rl_ignore_some_completions_function + This function, if defined, is called by the completer when real + filename completion is done, after all the matching names have + been generated. It is passed a `NULL' terminated array of matches. + The first element (`matches[0]') is the maximal substring common + to all matches. This function can re-arrange the list of matches + as required, but each element deleted from the array must be freed. + + - Variable: rl_icppfunc_t * rl_directory_completion_hook + This function, if defined, is allowed to modify the directory + portion of filenames Readline completes. It is called with the + address of a string (the current directory name) as an argument, + and may modify that string. If the string is replaced with a new + string, the old value should be freed. Any modified directory + name should have a trailing slash. The modified value will be + displayed as part of the completion, replacing the directory + portion of the pathname the user typed. It returns an integer + that should be non-zero if the function modifies its directory + argument. It could be used to expand symbolic links or shell + variables in pathnames. + + - Variable: rl_compdisp_func_t * rl_completion_display_matches_hook + If non-zero, then this is the address of a function to call when + completing a word would normally display the list of possible + matches. This function is called in lieu of Readline displaying + the list. It takes three arguments: (`char **'MATCHES, `int' + NUM_MATCHES, `int' MAX_LENGTH) where MATCHES is the array of + matching strings, NUM_MATCHES is the number of strings in that + array, and MAX_LENGTH is the length of the longest string in that + array. Readline provides a convenience function, + `rl_display_match_list', that takes care of doing the display to + Readline's output stream. That function may be called from this + hook. + + +File: readline.info, Node: A Short Completion Example, Prev: Completion Variables, Up: Custom Completers + +A Short Completion Example +-------------------------- + + Here is a small application demonstrating the use of the GNU Readline +library. It is called `fileman', and the source code resides in +`examples/fileman.c'. This sample application provides completion of +command names, line editing features, and access to the history list. + + /* fileman.c -- A tiny application which demonstrates how to use the + GNU Readline library. This application interactively allows users + to manipulate files and their modes. */ + + #include <stdio.h> + #include <sys/types.h> + #include <sys/file.h> + #include <sys/stat.h> + #include <sys/errno.h> + + #include <readline/readline.h> + #include <readline/history.h> + + extern char *xmalloc (); + + /* The names of functions that actually do the manipulation. */ + int com_list __P((char *)); + int com_view __P((char *)); + int com_rename __P((char *)); + int com_stat __P((char *)); + int com_pwd __P((char *)); + int com_delete __P((char *)); + int com_help __P((char *)); + int com_cd __P((char *)); + int com_quit __P((char *)); + + /* A structure which contains information on the commands this program + can understand. */ + + typedef struct { + char *name; /* User printable name of the function. */ + rl_icpfunc_t *func; /* Function to call to do the job. */ + char *doc; /* Documentation for this function. */ + } COMMAND; + + COMMAND commands[] = { + { "cd", com_cd, "Change to directory DIR" }, + { "delete", com_delete, "Delete FILE" }, + { "help", com_help, "Display this text" }, + { "?", com_help, "Synonym for `help'" }, + { "list", com_list, "List files in DIR" }, + { "ls", com_list, "Synonym for `list'" }, + { "pwd", com_pwd, "Print the current working directory" }, + { "quit", com_quit, "Quit using Fileman" }, + { "rename", com_rename, "Rename FILE to NEWNAME" }, + { "stat", com_stat, "Print out statistics on FILE" }, + { "view", com_view, "View the contents of FILE" }, + { (char *)NULL, (rl_icpfunc_t *)NULL, (char *)NULL } + }; + + /* Forward declarations. */ + char *stripwhite (); + COMMAND *find_command (); + + /* The name of this program, as taken from argv[0]. */ + char *progname; + + /* When non-zero, this means the user is done using this program. */ + int done; + + char * + dupstr (s) + int s; + { + char *r; + + r = xmalloc (strlen (s) + 1); + strcpy (r, s); + return (r); + } + + main (argc, argv) + int argc; + char **argv; + { + char *line, *s; + + progname = argv[0]; + + initialize_readline (); /* Bind our completer. */ + + /* Loop reading and executing lines until the user quits. */ + for ( ; done == 0; ) + { + line = readline ("FileMan: "); + + if (!line) + break; + + /* Remove leading and trailing whitespace from the line. + Then, if there is anything left, add it to the history list + and execute it. */ + s = stripwhite (line); + + if (*s) + { + add_history (s); + execute_line (s); + } + + free (line); + } + exit (0); + } + + /* Execute a command line. */ + int + execute_line (line) + char *line; + { + register int i; + COMMAND *command; + char *word; + + /* Isolate the command word. */ + i = 0; + while (line[i] && whitespace (line[i])) + i++; + word = line + i; + + while (line[i] && !whitespace (line[i])) + i++; + + if (line[i]) + line[i++] = '\0'; + + command = find_command (word); + + if (!command) + { + fprintf (stderr, "%s: No such command for FileMan.\n", word); + return (-1); + } + + /* Get argument to command, if any. */ + while (whitespace (line[i])) + i++; + + word = line + i; + + /* Call the function. */ + return ((*(command->func)) (word)); + } + + /* Look up NAME as the name of a command, and return a pointer to that + command. Return a NULL pointer if NAME isn't a command name. */ + COMMAND * + find_command (name) + char *name; + { + register int i; + + for (i = 0; commands[i].name; i++) + if (strcmp (name, commands[i].name) == 0) + return (&commands[i]); + + return ((COMMAND *)NULL); + } + + /* Strip whitespace from the start and end of STRING. Return a pointer + into STRING. */ + char * + stripwhite (string) + char *string; + { + register char *s, *t; + + for (s = string; whitespace (*s); s++) + ; + + if (*s == 0) + return (s); + + t = s + strlen (s) - 1; + while (t > s && whitespace (*t)) + t--; + *++t = '\0'; + + return s; + } + + /* **************************************************************** */ + /* */ + /* Interface to Readline Completion */ + /* */ + /* **************************************************************** */ + + char *command_generator __P((const char *, int)); + char **fileman_completion __P((const char *, int, int)); + + /* Tell the GNU Readline library how to complete. We want to try to + complete on command names if this is the first word in the line, or + on filenames if not. */ + initialize_readline () + { + /* Allow conditional parsing of the ~/.inputrc file. */ + rl_readline_name = "FileMan"; + + /* Tell the completer that we want a crack first. */ + rl_attempted_completion_function = fileman_completion; + } + + /* Attempt to complete on the contents of TEXT. START and END + bound the region of rl_line_buffer that contains the word to + complete. TEXT is the word to complete. We can use the entire + contents of rl_line_buffer in case we want to do some simple + parsing. Returnthe array of matches, or NULL if there aren't any. */ + char ** + fileman_completion (text, start, end) + const char *text; + int start, end; + { + char **matches; + + matches = (char **)NULL; + + /* If this word is at the start of the line, then it is a command + to complete. Otherwise it is the name of a file in the current + directory. */ + if (start == 0) + matches = rl_completion_matches (text, command_generator); + + return (matches); + } + + /* Generator function for command completion. STATE lets us + know whether to start from scratch; without any state + (i.e. STATE == 0), then we start at the top of the list. */ + char * + command_generator (text, state) + const char *text; + int state; + { + static int list_index, len; + char *name; + + /* If this is a new word to complete, initialize now. This + includes saving the length of TEXT for efficiency, and + initializing the index variable to 0. */ + if (!state) + { + list_index = 0; + len = strlen (text); + } + + /* Return the next name which partially matches from the + command list. */ + while (name = commands[list_index].name) + { + list_index++; + + if (strncmp (name, text, len) == 0) + return (dupstr(name)); + } + + /* If no names matched, then return NULL. */ + return ((char *)NULL); + } + + /* **************************************************************** */ + /* */ + /* FileMan Commands */ + /* */ + /* **************************************************************** */ + + /* String to pass to system (). This is for the LIST, VIEW and RENAME + commands. */ + static char syscom[1024]; + + /* List the file(s) named in arg. */ + com_list (arg) + char *arg; + { + if (!arg) + arg = ""; + + sprintf (syscom, "ls -FClg %s", arg); + return (system (syscom)); + } + + com_view (arg) + char *arg; + { + if (!valid_argument ("view", arg)) + return 1; + + sprintf (syscom, "more %s", arg); + return (system (syscom)); + } + + com_rename (arg) + char *arg; + { + too_dangerous ("rename"); + return (1); + } + + com_stat (arg) + char *arg; + { + struct stat finfo; + + if (!valid_argument ("stat", arg)) + return (1); + + if (stat (arg, &finfo) == -1) + { + perror (arg); + return (1); + } + + printf ("Statistics for `%s':\n", arg); + + printf ("%s has %d link%s, and is %d byte%s in length.\n", arg, + finfo.st_nlink, + (finfo.st_nlink == 1) ? "" : "s", + finfo.st_size, + (finfo.st_size == 1) ? "" : "s"); + printf ("Inode Last Change at: %s", ctime (&finfo.st_ctime)); + printf (" Last access at: %s", ctime (&finfo.st_atime)); + printf (" Last modified at: %s", ctime (&finfo.st_mtime)); + return (0); + } + + com_delete (arg) + char *arg; + { + too_dangerous ("delete"); + return (1); + } + + /* Print out help for ARG, or for all of the commands if ARG is + not present. */ + com_help (arg) + char *arg; + { + register int i; + int printed = 0; + + for (i = 0; commands[i].name; i++) + { + if (!*arg || (strcmp (arg, commands[i].name) == 0)) + { + printf ("%s\t\t%s.\n", commands[i].name, commands[i].doc); + printed++; + } + } + + if (!printed) + { + printf ("No commands match `%s'. Possibilties are:\n", arg); + + for (i = 0; commands[i].name; i++) + { + /* Print in six columns. */ + if (printed == 6) + { + printed = 0; + printf ("\n"); + } + + printf ("%s\t", commands[i].name); + printed++; + } + + if (printed) + printf ("\n"); + } + return (0); + } + + /* Change to the directory ARG. */ + com_cd (arg) + char *arg; + { + if (chdir (arg) == -1) + { + perror (arg); + return 1; + } + + com_pwd (""); + return (0); + } + + /* Print out the current working directory. */ + com_pwd (ignore) + char *ignore; + { + char dir[1024], *s; + + s = getcwd (dir, sizeof(dir) - 1); + if (s == 0) + { + printf ("Error getting pwd: %s\n", dir); + return 1; + } + + printf ("Current directory is %s\n", dir); + return 0; + } + + /* The user wishes to quit using this program. Just set DONE + non-zero. */ + com_quit (arg) + char *arg; + { + done = 1; + return (0); + } + + /* Function which tells you that you can't do this. */ + too_dangerous (caller) + char *caller; + { + fprintf (stderr, + "%s: Too dangerous for me to distribute. Write it yourself.\n", + caller); + } + + /* Return non-zero if ARG is a valid argument for CALLER, else print + an error message and return zero. */ + int + valid_argument (caller, arg) + char *caller, *arg; + { + if (!arg || !*arg) + { + fprintf (stderr, "%s: Argument required.\n", caller); + return (0); + } + + return (1); + } + + +File: readline.info, Node: Concept Index, Next: Function and Variable Index, Prev: Programming with GNU Readline, Up: Top + +Concept Index +************* + +* Menu: + +* command editing: Readline Bare Essentials. +* editing command lines: Readline Bare Essentials. +* initialization file, readline: Readline Init File. +* interaction, readline: Readline Interaction. +* kill ring: Readline Killing Commands. +* killing text: Readline Killing Commands. +* notation, readline: Readline Bare Essentials. +* readline, function: Basic Behavior. +* yanking text: Readline Killing Commands. + + +File: readline.info, Node: Function and Variable Index, Prev: Concept Index, Up: Top + +Function and Variable Index +*************************** + +* Menu: + +* _rl_digit_p: Utility Functions. +* _rl_digit_value: Utility Functions. +* _rl_lowercase_p: Utility Functions. +* _rl_to_lower: Utility Functions. +* _rl_to_upper: Utility Functions. +* _rl_uppercase_p: Utility Functions. +* abort (C-g): Miscellaneous Commands. +* accept-line (Newline or Return): Commands For History. +* backward-char (C-b): Commands For Moving. +* backward-delete-char (Rubout): Commands For Text. +* backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout): Commands For Killing. +* backward-kill-word (M-<DEL>): Commands For Killing. +* backward-word (M-b): Commands For Moving. +* beginning-of-history (M-<): Commands For History. +* beginning-of-line (C-a): Commands For Moving. +* bell-style: Readline Init File Syntax. +* call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e): Keyboard Macros. +* capitalize-word (M-c): Commands For Text. +* character-search (C-]): Miscellaneous Commands. +* character-search-backward (M-C-]): Miscellaneous Commands. +* clear-screen (C-l): Commands For Moving. +* comment-begin: Readline Init File Syntax. +* complete (<TAB>): Commands For Completion. +* completion-query-items: Readline Init File Syntax. +* convert-meta: Readline Init File Syntax. +* copy-backward-word (): Commands For Killing. +* copy-forward-word (): Commands For Killing. +* copy-region-as-kill (): Commands For Killing. +* delete-char (C-d): Commands For Text. +* delete-char-or-list (): Commands For Completion. +* delete-horizontal-space (): Commands For Killing. +* digit-argument (M-0, M-1, ... M--): Numeric Arguments. +* disable-completion: Readline Init File Syntax. +* do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-X, ...): Miscellaneous Commands. +* downcase-word (M-l): Commands For Text. +* dump-functions (): Miscellaneous Commands. +* dump-macros (): Miscellaneous Commands. +* dump-variables (): Miscellaneous Commands. +* editing-mode: Readline Init File Syntax. +* enable-keypad: Readline Init File Syntax. +* end-kbd-macro (C-x )): Keyboard Macros. +* end-of-history (M->): Commands For History. +* end-of-line (C-e): Commands For Moving. +* exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x): Miscellaneous Commands. +* expand-tilde: Readline Init File Syntax. +* forward-backward-delete-char (): Commands For Text. +* forward-char (C-f): Commands For Moving. +* forward-search-history (C-s): Commands For History. +* forward-word (M-f): Commands For Moving. +* history-search-backward (): Commands For History. +* history-search-forward (): Commands For History. +* horizontal-scroll-mode: Readline Init File Syntax. +* input-meta: Readline Init File Syntax. +* insert-comment (M-#): Miscellaneous Commands. +* insert-completions (M-*): Commands For Completion. +* isearch-terminators: Readline Init File Syntax. +* keymap: Readline Init File Syntax. +* kill-line (C-k): Commands For Killing. +* kill-region (): Commands For Killing. +* kill-whole-line (): Commands For Killing. +* kill-word (M-d): Commands For Killing. +* mark-modified-lines: Readline Init File Syntax. +* menu-complete (): Commands For Completion. +* meta-flag: Readline Init File Syntax. +* next-history (C-n): Commands For History. +* non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n): Commands For History. +* non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p): Commands For History. +* output-meta: Readline Init File Syntax. +* possible-completions (M-?): Commands For Completion. +* prefix-meta (<ESC>): Miscellaneous Commands. +* previous-history (C-p): Commands For History. +* quoted-insert (C-q or C-v): Commands For Text. +* re-read-init-file (C-x C-r): Miscellaneous Commands. +* readline: Basic Behavior. +* redraw-current-line (): Commands For Moving. +* reverse-search-history (C-r): Commands For History. +* revert-line (M-r): Miscellaneous Commands. +* rl_add_defun: Function Naming. +* rl_add_funmap_entry: Associating Function Names and Bindings. +* rl_add_undo: Allowing Undoing. +* rl_alphabetic: Utility Functions. +* rl_already_prompted: Readline Variables. +* rl_attempted_completion_function: Completion Variables. +* rl_attempted_completion_over: Completion Variables. +* rl_basic_quote_characters: Completion Variables. +* rl_basic_word_break_characters: Completion Variables. +* rl_begin_undo_group: Allowing Undoing. +* rl_bind_key: Binding Keys. +* rl_bind_key_in_map: Binding Keys. +* rl_binding_keymap: Readline Variables. +* rl_callback_handler_install: Alternate Interface. +* rl_callback_handler_remove: Alternate Interface. +* rl_callback_read_char: Alternate Interface. +* rl_catch_signals: Readline Signal Handling. +* rl_catch_sigwinch: Readline Signal Handling. +* rl_char_is_quoted_p: Completion Variables. +* rl_cleanup_after_signal: Readline Signal Handling. +* rl_clear_message: Redisplay. +* rl_clear_pending_input: Character Input. +* rl_clear_signals: Readline Signal Handling. +* rl_complete <1>: How Completing Works. +* rl_complete: Completion Functions. +* rl_complete_internal: Completion Functions. +* rl_completer_quote_characters: Completion Variables. +* rl_completer_word_break_characters: Completion Variables. +* rl_completion_append_character: Completion Variables. +* rl_completion_display_matches_hook: Completion Variables. +* rl_completion_entry_function <1>: How Completing Works. +* rl_completion_entry_function: Completion Variables. +* rl_completion_matches: Completion Functions. +* rl_completion_query_items: Completion Variables. +* rl_completion_type: Completion Variables. +* rl_copy_keymap: Keymaps. +* rl_copy_text: Modifying Text. +* rl_crlf: Redisplay. +* rl_delete_text: Modifying Text. +* rl_deprep_term_function: Readline Variables. +* rl_deprep_terminal: Terminal Management. +* rl_ding: Utility Functions. +* rl_directory_completion_hook: Completion Variables. +* rl_discard_keymap: Keymaps. +* rl_dispatching: Readline Variables. +* rl_display_match_list: Utility Functions. +* rl_do_undo: Allowing Undoing. +* rl_done: Readline Variables. +* rl_editing_mode: Readline Variables. +* rl_end: Readline Variables. +* rl_end_undo_group: Allowing Undoing. +* rl_erase_empty_line: Readline Variables. +* rl_event_hook: Readline Variables. +* rl_execute_next: Character Input. +* rl_executing_keymap: Readline Variables. +* rl_executing_macro: Readline Variables. +* rl_expand_prompt: Redisplay. +* rl_explicit_arg: Readline Variables. +* rl_extend_line_buffer: Utility Functions. +* rl_filename_completion_desired: Completion Variables. +* rl_filename_completion_function: Completion Functions. +* rl_filename_dequoting_function: Completion Variables. +* rl_filename_quote_characters: Completion Variables. +* rl_filename_quoting_desired: Completion Variables. +* rl_filename_quoting_function: Completion Variables. +* rl_forced_update_display: Redisplay. +* rl_free_line_state: Readline Signal Handling. +* rl_free_undo_list: Allowing Undoing. +* rl_function_dumper: Associating Function Names and Bindings. +* rl_function_of_keyseq: Associating Function Names and Bindings. +* rl_funmap_names: Associating Function Names and Bindings. +* rl_generic_bind: Binding Keys. +* rl_get_keymap: Keymaps. +* rl_get_keymap_by_name: Keymaps. +* rl_get_keymap_name: Keymaps. +* rl_getc: Character Input. +* rl_getc_function: Readline Variables. +* rl_gnu_readline_p: Readline Variables. +* rl_ignore_completion_duplicates: Completion Variables. +* rl_ignore_some_completions_function: Completion Variables. +* rl_inhibit_completion: Completion Variables. +* rl_initialize: Utility Functions. +* rl_insert_completions: Completion Functions. +* rl_insert_text: Modifying Text. +* rl_instream: Readline Variables. +* rl_invoking_keyseqs: Associating Function Names and Bindings. +* rl_invoking_keyseqs_in_map: Associating Function Names and Bindings. +* rl_kill_text: Modifying Text. +* rl_last_func: Readline Variables. +* rl_library_version: Readline Variables. +* rl_line_buffer: Readline Variables. +* rl_list_funmap_names: Associating Function Names and Bindings. +* rl_make_bare_keymap: Keymaps. +* rl_make_keymap: Keymaps. +* rl_mark: Readline Variables. +* rl_message: Redisplay. +* rl_modifying: Allowing Undoing. +* rl_named_function: Associating Function Names and Bindings. +* rl_num_chars_to_read: Readline Variables. +* rl_numeric_arg: Readline Variables. +* rl_on_new_line: Redisplay. +* rl_on_new_line_with_prompt: Redisplay. +* rl_outstream: Readline Variables. +* rl_parse_and_bind: Binding Keys. +* rl_pending_input: Readline Variables. +* rl_point: Readline Variables. +* rl_possible_completions: Completion Functions. +* rl_pre_input_hook: Readline Variables. +* rl_prep_term_function: Readline Variables. +* rl_prep_terminal: Terminal Management. +* rl_prompt: Readline Variables. +* rl_read_init_file: Binding Keys. +* rl_read_key: Character Input. +* rl_readline_name: Readline Variables. +* rl_readline_state: Readline Variables. +* rl_redisplay: Redisplay. +* rl_redisplay_function: Readline Variables. +* rl_reset_after_signal: Readline Signal Handling. +* rl_reset_line_state: Redisplay. +* rl_reset_terminal: Terminal Management. +* rl_resize_terminal: Readline Signal Handling. +* rl_restore_prompt: Redisplay. +* rl_save_prompt: Redisplay. +* rl_set_key: Binding Keys. +* rl_set_keymap: Keymaps. +* rl_set_screen_size: Readline Signal Handling. +* rl_set_signals: Readline Signal Handling. +* rl_special_prefixes: Completion Variables. +* rl_startup_hook: Readline Variables. +* rl_stuff_char: Character Input. +* rl_terminal_name: Readline Variables. +* rl_tty_set_default_bindings: Terminal Management. +* rl_unbind_command_in_map: Binding Keys. +* rl_unbind_function_in_map: Binding Keys. +* rl_unbind_key: Binding Keys. +* rl_unbind_key_in_map: Binding Keys. +* rl_username_completion_function: Completion Functions. +* self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, ...): Commands For Text. +* set-mark (C-@): Miscellaneous Commands. +* show-all-if-ambiguous: Readline Init File Syntax. +* start-kbd-macro (C-x (): Keyboard Macros. +* transpose-chars (C-t): Commands For Text. +* transpose-words (M-t): Commands For Text. +* undo (C-_ or C-x C-u): Miscellaneous Commands. +* universal-argument (): Numeric Arguments. +* unix-line-discard (C-u): Commands For Killing. +* unix-word-rubout (C-w): Commands For Killing. +* upcase-word (M-u): Commands For Text. +* visible-stats: Readline Init File Syntax. +* yank (C-y): Commands For Killing. +* yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_): Commands For History. +* yank-nth-arg (M-C-y): Commands For History. +* yank-pop (M-y): Commands For Killing. + + + +Tag Table: +Node: Top1164 +Node: Command Line Editing1763 +Node: Introduction and Notation2414 +Node: Readline Interaction4032 +Node: Readline Bare Essentials5219 +Node: Readline Movement Commands7000 +Node: Readline Killing Commands7957 +Node: Readline Arguments9867 +Node: Searching10903 +Node: Readline Init File12859 +Node: Readline Init File Syntax13920 +Node: Conditional Init Constructs23536 +Node: Sample Init File25975 +Node: Bindable Readline Commands29145 +Node: Commands For Moving30195 +Node: Commands For History31044 +Node: Commands For Text33826 +Node: Commands For Killing35831 +Node: Numeric Arguments37804 +Node: Commands For Completion38932 +Node: Keyboard Macros40421 +Node: Miscellaneous Commands40980 +Node: Readline vi Mode43796 +Node: Programming with GNU Readline45549 +Node: Basic Behavior46517 +Node: Custom Functions49930 +Node: Readline Typedefs50908 +Node: Function Writing52537 +Node: Readline Variables53621 +Node: Readline Convenience Functions62417 +Node: Function Naming63272 +Node: Keymaps64524 +Node: Binding Keys66280 +Node: Associating Function Names and Bindings69206 +Node: Allowing Undoing71451 +Node: Redisplay73986 +Node: Modifying Text76536 +Node: Character Input77451 +Node: Terminal Management78661 +Node: Utility Functions79830 +Node: Alternate Interface81893 +Node: Readline Signal Handling85289 +Node: Custom Completers90545 +Node: How Completing Works91260 +Node: Completion Functions94258 +Node: Completion Variables97317 +Node: A Short Completion Example106674 +Node: Concept Index119199 +Node: Function and Variable Index119953 + +End Tag Table
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+(application-sp)q(eci\014)q(c.)23 b(The)15 b(default)h(is)g(\014lename) +g(completion.)75 1049 y Ft(possible-completions)c(\(M-?\))315 +1103 y Fu(List)k(the)f(p)q(ossible)i(completions)f(of)f(the)g(text)g(b) +q(efore)h(the)f(cursor.)75 1186 y Ft(insert-completions)e(\(M-*\))315 +1241 y Fu(Insert)j(all)g(completions)g(of)f(the)g(text)g(b)q(efore)h(p) +q(oin)o(t)f(that)g(w)o(ould)h(ha)o(v)o(e)f(b)q(een)h(generated)315 +1295 y(b)o(y)f Ft(possible-completions)p Fu(.)75 1378 +y Ft(menu-complete)e(\(\))315 1433 y Fu(Similar)g(to)f +Ft(complete)p Fu(,)f(but)h(replaces)h(the)f(w)o(ord)f(to)g(b)q(e)i +(completed)f(with)h(a)e(single)j(matc)o(h)315 1487 y(from)k(the)h(list) +h(of)e(p)q(ossible)j(completions.)32 b(Rep)q(eated)20 +b(execution)g(of)f Ft(menu-complete)315 1542 y Fu(steps)h(through)g +(the)g(list)h(of)f(p)q(ossible)i(completions,)g(inserting)f(eac)o(h)f +(matc)o(h)f(in)i(turn.)315 1597 y(A)o(t)c(the)g(end)h(of)f(the)h(list)g +(of)f(completions,)i(the)e(b)q(ell)j(is)e(rung)f(and)h(the)f(original)i +(text)d(is)315 1652 y(restored.)26 b(An)17 b(argumen)o(t)g(of)g +Fk(n)g Fu(mo)o(v)o(es)g Fk(n)g Fu(p)q(ositions)h(forw)o(ard)e(in)i(the) +g(list)g(of)f(matc)o(hes;)315 1707 y(a)j(negativ)o(e)g(argumen)o(t)f +(ma)o(y)g(b)q(e)i(used)f(to)f(mo)o(v)o(e)h(bac)o(kw)o(ard)f(through)g +(the)h(list.)35 b(This)315 1761 y(command)15 b(is)h(in)o(tended)g(to)f +(b)q(e)h(b)q(ound)g(to)1067 1759 y Fn(h)p 1079 1733 V +1079 1761 a Fm(T)m(AB)p 1079 1769 V 1150 1759 a Fn(i)1165 +1761 y Fu(,)f(but)h(is)f(un)o(b)q(ound)i(b)o(y)e(default.)75 +1844 y Ft(delete-char-or-list)e(\(\))315 1899 y Fu(Deletes)h(the)f(c)o +(haracter)g(under)h(the)g(cursor)f(if)h(not)f(at)g(the)g(b)q(eginning)j +(or)d(end)h(of)f(the)g(line)315 1954 y(\(lik)o(e)i Ft(delete-char)p +Fu(\).)j(If)d(at)f(the)h(end)g(of)f(the)g(line,)i(b)q(eha)o(v)o(es)f +(iden)o(tically)i(to)d Ft(possible-)315 2008 y(completions)p +Fu(.)k(This)e(command)f(is)h(un)o(b)q(ound)g(b)o(y)f(default.)75 +2111 y Fj(1.4.7)30 b(Keyb)r(oard)20 b(Macros)75 2222 +y Ft(start-kbd-macro)13 b(\(C-x)i(\(\))315 2277 y Fu(Begin)h(sa)o(ving) +f(the)h(c)o(haracters)e(t)o(yp)q(ed)i(in)o(to)f(the)g(curren)o(t)g(k)o +(eyb)q(oard)g(macro.)75 2360 y Ft(end-kbd-macro)e(\(C-x)i(\)\))315 +2414 y Fu(Stop)f(sa)o(ving)f(the)h(c)o(haracters)f(t)o(yp)q(ed)h(in)o +(to)f(the)h(curren)o(t)g(k)o(eyb)q(oard)f(macro)g(and)h(sa)o(v)o(e)f +(the)315 2469 y(de\014nition.)75 2552 y Ft(call-last-kbd-macro)g(\(C-x) +h(e\))315 2606 y Fu(Re-execute)19 b(the)f(last)f(k)o(eyb)q(oard)h +(macro)f(de\014ned,)i(b)o(y)e(making)h(the)g(c)o(haracters)e(in)j(the) +315 2661 y(macro)14 b(app)q(ear)i(as)f(if)g(t)o(yp)q(ed)h(at)e(the)i(k) +o(eyb)q(oard.)p eop +%%Page: 17 19 +17 18 bop 75 -58 a Fu(Chapter)15 b(1:)k(Command)c(Line)i(Editing)1055 +b(17)75 149 y Fj(1.4.8)30 b(Some)20 b(Miscellaneous)h(Commands)75 +265 y Ft(re-read-init-file)13 b(\(C-x)h(C-r\))315 320 +y 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Fn(h)p 706 934 V 706 962 a Fm(ESC)p 706 +970 V 773 960 a Fn(i)803 962 y Ft(f)p Fu(')g(is)g(equiv)m(alen)o(t)i +(to)e(t)o(yping)g Fo(M-f)p Fu(.)75 1048 y Ft(undo)g(\(C-_)f(or)h(C-x)g +(C-u\))315 1103 y Fu(Incremen)o(tal)h(undo,)f(separately)h(remem)o(b)q +(ered)g(for)e(eac)o(h)h(line.)75 1189 y Ft(revert-line)f(\(M-r\))315 +1244 y Fu(Undo)j(all)g(c)o(hanges)g(made)f(to)g(this)h(line.)26 +b(This)17 b(is)g(lik)o(e)h(executing)f(the)g Ft(undo)f +Fu(command)315 1299 y(enough)g(times)f(to)g(get)f(bac)o(k)h(to)g(the)g +(b)q(eginning.)75 1385 y Ft(tilde-expand)f(\(M-~\))315 +1440 y Fu(P)o(erform)g(tilde)j(expansion)f(on)f(the)g(curren)o(t)g(w)o +(ord.)75 1526 y Ft(set-mark)f(\(C-@\))315 1581 y Fu(Set)g(the)f(mark)g +(to)g(the)h(curren)o(t)g(p)q(oin)o(t.)19 b(If)14 b(a)g(n)o(umeric)g +(argumen)o(t)f(is)h(supplied,)i(the)e(mark)315 1636 y(is)i(set)f(to)f +(that)h(p)q(osition.)75 1722 y Ft(exchange-point-and-mark)d(\(C-x)j +(C-x\))315 1777 y Fu(Sw)o(ap)g(the)h(p)q(oin)o(t)g(with)g(the)g(mark.)k +(The)c(curren)o(t)f(cursor)h(p)q(osition)g(is)g(set)g(to)f(the)g(sa)o +(v)o(ed)315 1832 y(p)q(osition,)h(and)f(the)h(old)f(cursor)g(p)q +(osition)h(is)g(sa)o(v)o(ed)f(as)g(the)g(mark.)75 1918 +y Ft(character-search)e(\(C-]\))315 1973 y Fu(A)f(c)o(haracter)g(is)h +(read)g(and)f(p)q(oin)o(t)h(is)g(mo)o(v)o(ed)f(to)g(the)g(next)h(o)q +(ccurrence)g(of)f(that)g(c)o(haracter.)315 2028 y(A)j(negativ)o(e)h +(coun)o(t)f(searc)o(hes)g(for)f(previous)i(o)q(ccurrences.)75 +2114 y Ft(character-search-backward)c(\(M-C-]\))315 2169 +y Fu(A)22 b(c)o(haracter)g(is)h(read)f(and)h(p)q(oin)o(t)g(is)g(mo)o(v) +o(ed)f(to)g(the)g(previous)h(o)q(ccurrence)h(of)e(that)315 +2223 y(c)o(haracter.)d(A)c(negativ)o(e)h(coun)o(t)f(searc)o(hes)g(for)f +(subsequen)o(t)i(o)q(ccurrences.)75 2310 y Ft(insert-comment)d(\(M-#\)) +315 2365 y Fu(The)19 b(v)m(alue)i(of)e(the)g Ft(comment-begin)e +Fu(v)m(ariable)k(is)f(inserted)g(at)e(the)i(b)q(eginning)h(of)e(the)315 +2419 y(curren)o(t)c(line,)i(and)e(the)g(line)i(is)f(accepted)g(as)e(if) +i(a)f(newline)i(had)f(b)q(een)g(t)o(yp)q(ed.)75 2506 +y Ft(dump-functions)d(\(\))315 2560 y Fu(Prin)o(t)g(all)h(of)f(the)g +(functions)h(and)g(their)g(k)o(ey)f(bindings)i(to)d(the)i(Readline)h +(output)e(stream.)315 2615 y(If)j(a)g(n)o(umeric)g(argumen)o(t)f(is)i +(supplied,)h(the)e(output)f(is)i(formatted)d(in)j(suc)o(h)f(a)g(w)o(a)o +(y)f(that)315 2670 y(it)g(can)h(b)q(e)g(made)f(part)f(of)h(an)g +Fk(inputrc)k Fu(\014le.)i(This)16 b(command)f(is)h(un)o(b)q(ound)g(b)o +(y)f(default.)p eop +%%Page: 18 20 +18 19 bop 75 -58 a Fu(18)1299 b(GNU)15 b(Readline)i(Library)75 +149 y Ft(dump-variables)c(\(\))315 204 y Fu(Prin)o(t)e(all)g(of)f(the)h +(settable)g(v)m(ariables)h(and)f(their)g(v)m(alues)h(to)e(the)h +(Readline)i(output)d(stream.)315 259 y(If)16 b(a)g(n)o(umeric)g +(argumen)o(t)f(is)i(supplied,)h(the)e(output)f(is)i(formatted)d(in)j +(suc)o(h)f(a)g(w)o(a)o(y)f(that)315 314 y(it)g(can)h(b)q(e)g(made)f +(part)f(of)h(an)g Fk(inputrc)k Fu(\014le.)i(This)16 b(command)f(is)h +(un)o(b)q(ound)g(b)o(y)f(default.)75 406 y Ft(dump-macros)f(\(\))315 +461 y Fu(Prin)o(t)j(all)h(of)e(the)h(Readline)i(k)o(ey)e(sequences)h(b) +q(ound)g(to)e(macros)g(and)h(the)g(strings)g(they)315 +516 y(output.)26 b(If)18 b(a)f(n)o(umeric)h(argumen)o(t)f(is)h +(supplied,)i(the)d(output)g(is)h(formatted)e(in)j(suc)o(h)e(a)315 +570 y(w)o(a)o(y)d(that)g(it)i(can)f(b)q(e)g(made)g(part)g(of)f(an)h +Fk(inputrc)k Fu(\014le.)i(This)15 b(command)g(is)h(un)o(b)q(ound)g(b)o +(y)315 625 y(default.)75 754 y Fs(1.5)33 b(Readline)23 +b(vi)h(Mo)r(de)137 850 y Fu(While)13 b(the)f(Readline)j(library)d(do)q +(es)g(not)g(ha)o(v)o(e)f(a)h(full)h(set)f(of)f Ft(vi)g +Fu(editing)j(functions,)f(it)f(do)q(es)g(con)o(tain)75 +905 y(enough)17 b(to)g(allo)o(w)g(simple)h(editing)h(of)d(the)i(line.) +27 b(The)17 b(Readline)i Ft(vi)e Fu(mo)q(de)g(b)q(eha)o(v)o(es)g(as)g +(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(in)75 960 y(the)c Fp(posix)g Fu(1003.2)f(standard.) +137 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Fl(.)e(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.) +h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)24 b Fu(14)374 +1266 y(1.4.5)44 b(Sp)q(ecifying)17 b(Numeric)f(Argumen)o(ts)c +Fl(.)c(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)27 +b Fu(15)374 1320 y(1.4.6)44 b(Letting)15 b(Readline)j(T)o(yp)q(e)d(F)l +(or)g(Y)l(ou)10 b Fl(.)d(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.) +h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)25 b Fu(16)374 1375 y(1.4.7)44 b(Keyb)q(oard)15 +b(Macros)6 b Fl(.)h(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f +(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)21 +b Fu(16)374 1430 y(1.4.8)44 b(Some)15 b(Miscellaneous)i(Commands)7 +b Fl(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.) +22 b Fu(17)224 1485 y(1.5)45 b(Readline)17 b(vi)f(Mo)q(de)e +Fl(.)7 b(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.) +f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f +(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)28 b Fu(18)75 1606 y Fs(2)67 b(Programming)23 +b(with)g(GNU)f(Readline)12 b Fa(.)f(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)35 +b Fs(19)224 1675 y Fu(2.1)45 b(Basic)16 b(Beha)o(vior)8 +b Fl(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.) +f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f +(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)23 b Fu(19)224 1729 y(2.2)45 +b(Custom)14 b(F)l(unctions)7 b Fl(.)i(.)f(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f +(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.) +f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)22 b Fu(20)374 +1784 y(2.2.1)44 b(Readline)17 b(T)o(yp)q(edefs)9 b Fl(.)g(.)e(.)h(.)f +(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.) +f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)24 b Fu(20)374 1839 y(2.2.2)44 +b(W)l(riting)16 b(a)e(New)i(F)l(unction)6 b Fl(.)i(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f +(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.) +21 b Fu(21)224 1894 y(2.3)45 b(Readline)17 b(V)l(ariables)f +Fl(.)8 b(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.) +h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)g +(.)f(.)h(.)29 b Fu(22)224 1949 y(2.4)45 b(Readline)17 +b(Con)o(v)o(enience)g(F)l(unctions)7 b Fl(.)i(.)e(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h +(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.) +23 b Fu(26)374 2003 y(2.4.1)44 b(Naming)15 b(a)g(F)l(unction)e +Fl(.)7 b(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.) +h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)27 b Fu(26)374 +2058 y(2.4.2)44 b(Selecting)17 b(a)e(Keymap)6 b Fl(.)h(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)h +(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.) +h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)21 b Fu(26)374 2113 y(2.4.3)44 b(Binding)17 +b(Keys)5 b Fl(.)j(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f +(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.) +h(.)f(.)20 b Fu(27)374 2168 y(2.4.4)44 b(Asso)q(ciating)16 +b(F)l(unction)g(Names)f(and)g(Bindings)8 b Fl(.)h(.)f(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h +(.)23 b Fu(28)374 2222 y(2.4.5)44 b(Allo)o(wing)16 b(Undoing)f +Fl(.)8 b(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)g(.) +f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)29 b +Fu(29)374 2277 y(2.4.6)44 b(Redispla)o(y)10 b Fl(.)f(.)f(.)g(.)f(.)h(.) +f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h +(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)26 +b Fu(30)374 2332 y(2.4.7)44 b(Mo)q(difying)16 b(T)l(ext)7 +b Fl(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.) +f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)22 +b Fu(31)374 2387 y(2.4.8)44 b(Character)14 b(Input)c +Fl(.)f(.)e(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h +(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)25 +b Fu(32)374 2442 y(2.4.9)44 b(T)l(erminal)16 b(Managemen)o(t)11 +b Fl(.)c(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.) +h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)27 b Fu(32)374 2496 y(2.4.10)43 +b(Utilit)o(y)17 b(F)l(unctions)c Fl(.)7 b(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f +(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.) +f(.)h(.)f(.)28 b Fu(33)374 2551 y(2.4.11)43 b(Alternate)16 +b(In)o(terface)f Fl(.)7 b(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h +(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)30 +b Fu(34)374 2606 y(2.4.12)43 b(An)16 b(Example)f Fl(.)8 +b(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f +(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)30 +b Fu(34)224 2661 y(2.5)45 b(Readline)17 b(Signal)g(Handling)12 +b Fl(.)c(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.) +h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)27 +b Fu(35)p eop +%%Page: -2 62 +-2 61 bop 75 -58 a Fu(ii)1321 b(GNU)15 b(Readline)i(Library)224 +42 y(2.6)45 b(Custom)14 b(Completers)f Fl(.)8 b(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h +(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.) +f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)28 b Fu(37)374 +96 y(2.6.1)44 b(Ho)o(w)14 b(Completing)i(W)l(orks)10 +b Fl(.)d(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.) +f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)25 b Fu(37)374 151 y(2.6.2)44 +b(Completion)16 b(F)l(unctions)6 b Fl(.)i(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h +(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.) +21 b Fu(38)374 206 y(2.6.3)44 b(Completion)16 b(V)l(ariables)c +Fl(.)c(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f +(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)27 b Fu(39)374 261 +y(2.6.4)44 b(A)15 b(Short)g(Completion)h(Example)5 b +Fl(.)j(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h +(.)f(.)20 b Fu(42)75 382 y Fs(Concept)i(Index)10 b Fa(.)i(.)e(.)g(.)g +(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) +g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)33 b Fs(53)75 517 +y(F)-6 b(unction)25 b(and)d(V)-6 b(ariable)24 b(Index)9 +b Fa(.)i(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.) +g(.)32 b Fs(55)p eop +%%Trailer +end +userdict /end-hook known{end-hook}if +%%EOF
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000 +++ b/readline/doc/readline_3.ps Sat Feb 10 05:13:25 2001 +0000 @@ -0,0 +1,1227 @@ +%!PS-Adobe-3.0 +%%Creator: groff version 1.15 +%%CreationDate: Mon Feb 5 11:30:24 2001 +%%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman +%%+ font Times-Bold +%%+ font Times-Italic +%%+ font Courier +%%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.15 0 +%%Pages: 13 +%%PageOrder: Ascend +%%Orientation: Portrait +%%EndComments +%%BeginProlog +%%BeginResource: procset grops 1.15 0 +/setpacking where{ +pop +currentpacking +true setpacking +}if +/grops 120 dict dup begin +/SC 32 def +/A/show load def +/B{0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def +/C{0 exch ashow}bind def +/D{0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def +/E{0 rmoveto show}bind def +/F{0 rmoveto 0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def +/G{0 rmoveto 0 exch ashow}bind def +/H{0 rmoveto 0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def +/I{0 exch rmoveto show}bind def +/J{0 exch rmoveto 0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def +/K{0 exch rmoveto 0 exch ashow}bind def +/L{0 exch rmoveto 0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def +/M{rmoveto show}bind def +/N{rmoveto 0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def +/O{rmoveto 0 exch ashow}bind def +/P{rmoveto 0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def +/Q{moveto show}bind def +/R{moveto 0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def +/S{moveto 0 exch ashow}bind def +/T{moveto 0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def +/SF{ +findfont exch +[exch dup 0 exch 0 exch neg 0 0]makefont +dup setfont +[exch/setfont cvx]cvx bind def +}bind def +/MF{ +findfont +[5 2 roll +0 3 1 roll +neg 0 0]makefont +dup setfont +[exch/setfont cvx]cvx bind def +}bind def +/level0 0 def +/RES 0 def +/PL 0 def +/LS 0 def +/MANUAL{ +statusdict begin/manualfeed true store end +}bind def +/PLG{ +gsave newpath clippath pathbbox grestore +exch pop add exch pop +}bind def +/BP{ +/level0 save def +1 setlinecap +1 setlinejoin +72 RES div dup scale +LS{ +90 rotate +}{ +0 PL translate +}ifelse +1 -1 scale +}bind def +/EP{ +level0 restore +showpage +}bind def +/DA{ +newpath arcn stroke +}bind def +/SN{ +transform +.25 sub exch .25 sub exch +round .25 add exch round .25 add exch +itransform +}bind def +/DL{ +SN +moveto +SN +lineto stroke +}bind def +/DC{ +newpath 0 360 arc closepath +}bind def +/TM matrix def +/DE{ +TM currentmatrix pop +translate scale newpath 0 0 .5 0 360 arc closepath +TM setmatrix +}bind def +/RC/rcurveto load def +/RL/rlineto load def +/ST/stroke load def +/MT/moveto load def +/CL/closepath load def +/FL{ +currentgray exch setgray fill setgray +}bind def +/BL/fill load def +/LW/setlinewidth load def +/RE{ +findfont +dup maxlength 1 index/FontName known not{1 add}if dict begin +{ +1 index/FID ne{def}{pop pop}ifelse +}forall +/Encoding exch def +dup/FontName exch def +currentdict end definefont pop +}bind def +/DEFS 0 def +/EBEGIN{ +moveto +DEFS begin +}bind def +/EEND/end load def +/CNT 0 def +/level1 0 def +/PBEGIN{ +/level1 save def +translate +div 3 1 roll div exch scale +neg exch neg exch translate +0 setgray +0 setlinecap +1 setlinewidth +0 setlinejoin +10 setmiterlimit +[]0 setdash +/setstrokeadjust where{ +pop +false setstrokeadjust +}if +/setoverprint where{ +pop +false setoverprint +}if +newpath +/CNT countdictstack def +userdict begin +/showpage{}def +}bind def +/PEND{ +clear +countdictstack CNT sub{end}repeat +level1 restore +}bind def +end def +/setpacking where{ +pop +setpacking +}if +%%EndResource +%%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman +%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold +%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic +%%IncludeResource: font Courier +grops begin/DEFS 1 dict def DEFS begin/u{.001 mul}bind def end/RES 72 +def/PL 792 def/LS false def/ENC0[/asciicircum/asciitilde/Scaron/Zcaron +/scaron/zcaron/Ydieresis/trademark/quotesingle/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef +/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef +/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef +/.notdef/.notdef/space/exclam/quotedbl/numbersign/dollar/percent +/ampersand/quoteright/parenleft/parenright/asterisk/plus/comma/hyphen +/period/slash/zero/one/two/three/four/five/six/seven/eight/nine/colon +/semicolon/less/equal/greater/question/at/A/B/C/D/E/F/G/H/I/J/K/L/M/N/O +/P/Q/R/S/T/U/V/W/X/Y/Z/bracketleft/backslash/bracketright/circumflex +/underscore/quoteleft/a/b/c/d/e/f/g/h/i/j/k/l/m/n/o/p/q/r/s/t/u/v/w/x/y +/z/braceleft/bar/braceright/tilde/.notdef/quotesinglbase/guillemotleft +/guillemotright/bullet/florin/fraction/perthousand/dagger/daggerdbl +/endash/emdash/ff/fi/fl/ffi/ffl/dotlessi/dotlessj/grave/hungarumlaut +/dotaccent/breve/caron/ring/ogonek/quotedblleft/quotedblright/oe/lslash +/quotedblbase/OE/Lslash/.notdef/exclamdown/cent/sterling/currency/yen +/brokenbar/section/dieresis/copyright/ordfeminine/guilsinglleft +/logicalnot/minus/registered/macron/degree/plusminus/twosuperior +/threesuperior/acute/mu/paragraph/periodcentered/cedilla/onesuperior +/ordmasculine/guilsinglright/onequarter/onehalf/threequarters +/questiondown/Agrave/Aacute/Acircumflex/Atilde/Adieresis/Aring/AE +/Ccedilla/Egrave/Eacute/Ecircumflex/Edieresis/Igrave/Iacute/Icircumflex +/Idieresis/Eth/Ntilde/Ograve/Oacute/Ocircumflex/Otilde/Odieresis +/multiply/Oslash/Ugrave/Uacute/Ucircumflex/Udieresis/Yacute/Thorn +/germandbls/agrave/aacute/acircumflex/atilde/adieresis/aring/ae/ccedilla +/egrave/eacute/ecircumflex/edieresis/igrave/iacute/icircumflex/idieresis +/eth/ntilde/ograve/oacute/ocircumflex/otilde/odieresis/divide/oslash +/ugrave/uacute/ucircumflex/udieresis/yacute/thorn/ydieresis]def +/Courier@0 ENC0/Courier RE/Times-Italic@0 ENC0/Times-Italic RE +/Times-Bold@0 ENC0/Times-Bold RE/Times-Roman@0 ENC0/Times-Roman RE +%%EndProlog +%%Page: 1 1 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 342.2(READLINE\(3\) READLINE\(3\))72 48 R/F1 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF -.18(NA)72 84 S(ME).18 E F0 +(readline \255 get a line from a user with editing)108 96 Q F1(SYNOPSIS) +72 112.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(#include <stdio.h>)108 124.8 Q +(#include <r)108 136.8 Q(eadline/r)-.18 E(eadline.h>)-.18 E(#include <r) +108 148.8 Q(eadline/history)-.18 E(.h>)-.7 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +-.15(ch)108 165.6 S(ar *).15 E F2 -.18(re)108 177.6 S(adline).18 E F0 +(\()2.5 E F3(const c)A(har *pr)-.15 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(\);)A F1(COPYRIGHT) +72 194.4 Q F0(Readline is Cop)108 206.4 Q +(yright \251 1989\2552001 by the Free Softw)-.1 E(are F)-.1 E +(oundation, Inc.)-.15 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 223.2 Q F2 -.18(re)108 235.2 S +(adline).18 E F0 .088 +(will read a line from the terminal and return it, using)2.588 F F2(pr) +2.587 E(ompt)-.18 E F0 .087(as a prompt.)2.587 F(If)5.087 E F2(pr)2.587 +E(ompt)-.18 E F0(is)2.587 E F2(NULL)2.587 E F0(or)2.587 E .42 +(the empty string, no prompt is issued.)108 247.2 R .421 +(The line returned is allocated with)5.42 F F3(malloc)2.921 E F0 .421 +(\(3\); the caller must free it).31 F(when \214nished.)108 259.2 Q +(The line returned has the \214nal ne)5 E(wline remo)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 +G(d, so only the te).15 E(xt of the line remains.)-.15 E F2 -.18(re)108 +276 S(adline).18 E F0(of)3.79 E 1.29 +(fers editing capabilities while the user is entering the line.)-.25 F +1.289(By def)6.289 F 1.289(ault, the line editing com-)-.1 F +(mands are similar to those of emacs.)108 288 Q 2.5(Av)5 G +(i\255style line editing interf)-2.5 E(ace is also a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 G +(ilable.).25 E .272 +(This manual page describes only the most basic use of)108 304.8 R F2 +-.18(re)2.772 G(adline).18 E F0 5.272(.M)C .272 +(uch more functionality is a)-5.272 F -.25(va)-.2 G .272(ilable; see).25 +F F3(The GNU Readline Libr)108 316.8 Q(ary)-.15 E F0(and)2.5 E F3 +(The GNU History Libr)2.5 E(ary)-.15 E F0(for additional information.) +2.5 E F1(RETURN V)72 333.6 Q(ALUE)-1.215 E F2 -.18(re)108 345.6 S +(adline).18 E F0 1.09(returns the te)3.59 F 1.09(xt of the line read.) +-.15 F 3.589(Ab)6.09 G 1.089(lank line returns the empty string.)-3.589 +F(If)6.089 E F2(EOF)3.589 E F0 1.089(is encountered)3.589 F .283 +(while reading a line, and the line is empty)108 357.6 R(,)-.65 E F2 +(NULL)2.783 E F0 .283(is returned.)2.783 F .283(If an)5.283 F F2(EOF) +2.783 E F0 .283(is read with a non\255empty line, it)2.783 F +(is treated as a ne)108 369.6 Q(wline.)-.25 E F1(NO)72 386.4 Q -.81(TA) +-.36 G(TION)-.045 E F0 .181(An emacs-style notation is used to denote k) +108 398.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 2.681(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke) +2.681 G .18(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 2.68 +(,e)C .18(.g., C\255n means)-2.68 F 2.625(Control\255N. Similarly)108 +410.4 R(,)-.65 E F3(meta)2.625 E F0 -.1(ke)2.625 G .125 +(ys are denoted by M\255)-.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 2.625(,s)C 2.625 +(oM)-2.625 G .125(\255x means Meta\255X.)-2.625 F .126(\(On k)5.126 F +-.15(ey)-.1 G .126(boards without a).15 F F3(meta)108 422.4 Q F0 -.1(ke) +3.309 G 2.109 -.65(y, M)-.05 H<ad>.65 E F3(x)A F0 .809(means ESC)3.309 F +F3(x)3.309 E F0 3.309(,i)C .809(.e., press the Escape k)-3.309 F 1.108 +-.15(ey t)-.1 H .808(hen the).15 F F3(x)3.308 E F0 -.1(ke)3.308 G 4.608 +-.65(y. T)-.05 H .808(his mak).65 F .808(es ESC the)-.1 F F3 .808 +(meta pr)3.308 F(e\214x)-.37 E F0(.)A .48(The combination M\255C\255)108 +434.4 R F3(x)A F0 .48(means ESC\255Control\255)2.98 F F3(x)A F0 2.98(,o) +C 2.98(rp)-2.98 G .48(ress the Escape k)-2.98 F .78 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .48 +(hen hold the Control k).15 F .78 -.15(ey w)-.1 H(hile).15 E +(pressing the)108 446.4 Q F3(x)2.5 E F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\)) +.65 E .62(Readline commands may be gi)108 463.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119 +(nn).15 G(umeric)-3.119 E F3(ar)3.119 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.119(,w).27 G +.619(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.119 F(Sometimes,)5.619 E +(ho)108 475.2 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.418 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.118(ti) +.4 G 3.119(st)-3.118 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619 +(gument that is signi\214cant.)-.18 F -.15(Pa)5.619 G .619(ssing a ne) +.15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .919 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .619 +(ument to a command that).18 F 1.019(acts in the forw)108 487.2 R 1.018 +(ard direction \(e.g.,)-.1 F F2(kill\255line)3.518 E F0 3.518(\)c)C +1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.018 +(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.018 E(mands whose beha)108 499.2 Q +(vior with ar)-.2 E(guments de)-.18 E(viates from this are noted.)-.25 E +.811(When a command is described as)108 516 R F3(killing)3.311 E F0(te) +3.311 E .811(xt, the te)-.15 F .811(xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 +G 3.311(df).15 G .812(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G +3.312(l\().25 G F3(yank-)-3.312 E(ing)108 528 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029 +(killed te)2.529 F .029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G +2.529(na)-2.529 G F3 .029(kill ring)B F0 5.029(.C)C(onsecuti)-5.029 E +.329 -.15(ve k)-.25 H .029(ills cause the te).15 F .029 +(xt to be accumulated into one unit,)-.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 +540 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F .567(Commands which do not kill te) +5.567 F .567(xt separate the chunks of te)-.15 F .567(xt on the kill) +-.15 F(ring.)108 552 Q F1(INITIALIZA)72 568.8 Q(TION FILE)-.855 E F0 +.091(Readline is customized by putting commands in an initialization \ +\214le \(the)108 580.8 R F3(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591 +(\214le\). The)2.591 F .091(name of this \214le)2.591 F 1.442(is tak)108 +592.8 R 1.443(en from the v)-.1 F 1.443(alue of the)-.25 F F2(INPUTRC) +3.943 E F0(en)3.943 E 1.443(vironment v)-.4 F 3.943(ariable. If)-.25 F +1.443(that v)3.943 F 1.443(ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F 1.443 +(ault is)-.1 F F3(~/.inputr)108 604.8 Q(c)-.37 E F0 5.359(.W).31 G .359 +(hen a program which uses the readline library starts up, the init \214\ +le is read, and the k)-5.359 F .658 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(ind-).15 E 1.083 +(ings and v)108 616.8 R 1.083(ariables are set.)-.25 F 1.083 +(There are only a fe)6.083 F 3.583(wb)-.25 G 1.083(asic constructs allo) +-3.583 F 1.084(wed in the readline init \214le.)-.25 F(Blank)6.084 E +.737(lines are ignored.)108 628.8 R .737(Lines be)5.737 F .737 +(ginning with a)-.15 F F2(#)3.237 E F0 .737(are comments.)3.237 F .737 +(Lines be)5.737 F .737(ginning with a)-.15 F F2($)3.237 E F0 .736 +(indicate conditional)3.236 F 2.614(constructs. Other)108 640.8 R .114 +(lines denote k)2.614 F .414 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .115(indings and v).15 F +.115(ariable settings.)-.25 F .115 +(Each program using this library may add)5.115 F(its o)108 652.8 Q +(wn commands and bindings.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 669.6 S 2.5(re).15 G +(xample, placing)-2.65 E(M\255Control\255u: uni)144 686.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 +G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(or)108 698.4 Q(C\255Meta\255u: uni)144 +710.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(GNU Readline 4.2) +72 768 Q(2001 Feb 5)136.79 E(1)206.5 E EP +%%Page: 2 2 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 342.2(READLINE\(3\) READLINE\(3\))72 48 R +(into the)108 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.1 +(wo)2.5 G(uld mak).1 E 2.5(eM)-.1 G(\255C\255u e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cute the readline command).15 E F1(univer)2.5 E(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument) +-.37 E F0(.).68 E 2.795(The follo)108 100.8 R 2.795 +(wing symbolic character names are recognized while processing k)-.25 F +3.095 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings:).15 E F1(DEL)5.295 E F0(,).53 E F1(ESC) +5.295 E F0(,).72 E F1(ESCAPE)108 112.8 Q F0(,).73 E F1(LFD)2.5 E F0(,) +.28 E F1(NEWLINE)2.5 E F0(,).73 E F1(RET)2.5 E F0(,)1.27 E F1(RETURN)2.5 +E F0(,)1.1 E F1 -.4(RU)2.5 G(BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F1(SP)2.5 E -.3(AC) +-.9 G(E).3 E F0(,).73 E F1(SPC)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a).72 G(nd)-2.5 E F1 -.5 +(TA)2.5 G(B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209 +(In addition to command names, readline allo)108 129.6 R .209(ws k)-.25 +F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.709(st).15 G 2.709(ob)-2.709 G 2.709(eb)-2.709 G .209 +(ound to a string that is inserted when the k)-2.709 F .509 -.15(ey i) +-.1 H(s).15 E(pressed \(a)108 141.6 Q F1(macr)2.5 E(o)-.45 E F0(\).)A/F2 +10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.25(Ke)87 163.2 S 2.5(yB).25 G(indings)-2.5 E F0 +.382(The syntax for controlling k)108 175.2 R .682 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .382 +(indings in the).15 F F1(inputr)2.882 E(c)-.37 E F0 .382 +(\214le is simple.)2.882 F .382(All that is required is the name of the) +5.382 F .382(command or the te)108 187.2 R .383(xt of a macro and a k) +-.15 F .683 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .383 +(equence to which it should be bound. The name may be speci-).15 F .853 +(\214ed in one of tw)108 199.2 R 3.353(ow)-.1 G .853 +(ays: as a symbolic k)-3.453 F 1.153 -.15(ey n)-.1 H .853 +(ame, possibly with).15 F F1(Meta\255)3.353 E F0(or)3.353 E F1(Contr) +3.353 E(ol\255)-.45 E F0(pre\214x)3.353 E .853(es, or as a k)-.15 F -.15 +(ey)-.1 G 3.145(sequence. When)108 211.2 R .645(using the form)3.145 F +F2 -.1(ke)3.145 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A F1(function-name).833 E F0(or)3.145 +E F1(macr)3.145 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F1 -.1(ke)3.145 G(yname)-.2 E F0 .645 +(is the name of a k)3.145 F .946 -.15(ey s)-.1 H(pelled).15 E +(out in English.)108 223.2 Q -.15(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E +(Control\255u: uni)144 247.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument) +-.18 E(Meta\255Rubout: backw)144 259.2 Q(ard\255kill\255w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 +E(Control\255o: "> output")144 271.2 Q .229(In the abo)108 288 R .529 +-.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample,).15 E F1(C\255u)2.729 E F0 .229 +(is bound to the function)2.729 F F2(uni)2.729 E -.1(ve)-.1 G +(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(,)A F1(M-DEL)2.729 E F0 .228 +(is bound to the function)2.729 F F2(backward\255kill\255w)108 300 Q +(ord)-.1 E F0 3.837(,a)C(nd)-3.837 E F1(C\255o)3.837 E F0 1.337 +(is bound to run the macro e)3.837 F 1.337 +(xpressed on the right hand side \(that is, to)-.15 F(insert the te)108 +312 Q(xt)-.15 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF 6(>o)2.5 G(utput)-6 E F0 +(into the line\).)2.5 E .056(In the second form,)108 328.8 R F2("k)2.556 +E(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F1(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.556 E F1(macr) +2.556 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F2 -.1(ke)2.556 G(yseq).1 E F0(dif)2.555 E .055 +(fers from)-.25 F F2 -.1(ke)2.555 G(yname).1 E F0(abo)2.555 E .355 -.15 +(ve i)-.15 H 2.555(nt).15 G .055(hat strings)-2.555 F 1.284 +(denoting an entire k)108 340.8 R 1.584 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.284(equence m\ +ay be speci\214ed by placing the sequence within double quotes.).15 F +(Some)6.284 E(GNU Emacs style k)108 352.8 Q .3 -.15(ey e)-.1 H +(scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 E(wing e)-.25 E(xample.)-.15 E +("\\C\255u": uni)144 376.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 +E("\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le)144 388.8 Q +("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 400.8 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .238 +(In this e)108 417.6 R(xample,)-.15 E F1(C-u)2.738 E F0 .238(is ag)2.738 +F .238(ain bound to the function)-.05 F F2(uni)2.738 E -.1(ve)-.1 G +(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 .237(C-x C-r)5.238 F F0 .237 +(is bound to the function)2.737 F F2 -.18(re)108 429.6 S<ad72>.18 E +(ead\255init\255\214le)-.18 E F0 3.224(,a)C(nd)-3.224 E F1 .724 +(ESC [ 1 1 ~)3.224 F F0 .724(is bound to insert the te)3.224 F(xt)-.15 E +F3 .725(Function Key 1)3.225 F F0 5.725(.T)C .725(he full set of GNU) +-5.725 F(Emacs style escape sequences is)108 441.6 Q F2<5c43ad>144 453.6 +Q F0(control pre\214x)20.3 E F2<5c4dad>144 465.6 Q F0(meta pre\214x) +18.08 E F2(\\e)144 477.6 Q F0(an escape character)28.78 E F2(\\\\)144 +489.6 Q F0(backslash)30.44 E F2(\\")144 501.6 Q F0 +(literal ", a double quote)27.67 E F2(\\')144 513.6 Q F0 +(literal ', a single quote)29.89 E(In addition to the GNU Emacs style e\ +scape sequences, a second set of backslash escapes is a)108 530.4 Q -.25 +(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F2(\\a)144 542.4 Q F0(alert \(bell\))28.22 E F2 +(\\b)144 554.4 Q F0(backspace)27.66 E F2(\\d)144 566.4 Q F0(delete)27.66 +E F2(\\f)144 578.4 Q F0(form feed)29.89 E F2(\\n)144 590.4 Q F0(ne)27.66 +E(wline)-.25 E F2(\\r)144 602.4 Q F0(carriage return)28.78 E F2(\\t)144 +614.4 Q F0(horizontal tab)29.89 E F2(\\v)144 626.4 Q F0 -.15(ve)28.22 G +(rtical tab).15 E F2(\\)144 638.4 Q F1(nnn)A F0 +(the character whose ASCII code is the octal v)18.22 E(alue)-.25 E F1 +(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F2(\\x)144 650.4 Q F1(nnn)A +F0(the character whose ASCII code is the he)13.22 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E +(alue)-.25 E F1(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E .74 +(When entering the te)108 667.2 R .74(xt of a macro, single or double q\ +uotes should be used to indicate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .089 +(Unquoted te)108 679.2 R .089(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 +F .09(In the macro body)5.089 F 2.59(,t)-.65 G .09 +(he backslash escapes described abo)-2.59 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(are e)108 +691.2 Q 2.5(xpanded. Backslash)-.15 F(will quote an)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G +(ther character in the macro te)-2.5 E(xt, including " and '.)-.15 E F2 +(Bash)108 708 Q F0(allo)2.93 E .43(ws the current readline k)-.25 F .73 +-.15(ey b)-.1 H .429(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the).15 +F F2(bind)2.929 E F0 -.2(bu)2.929 G .429(iltin command.).2 F 2.515 +(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 720 R 2.815 -.15 +(ve u)-.25 H 2.515(se by using the).15 F F2<ad6f>5.015 E F0 2.516 +(option to the)5.016 F F2(set)5.016 E F0 -.2(bu)5.016 G(iltin).2 E +(GNU Readline 4.2)72 768 Q(2001 Feb 5)136.79 E(2)206.5 E EP +%%Page: 3 3 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 342.2(READLINE\(3\) READLINE\(3\))72 48 R 3.12 +(command. Other)108 84 R .62(programs using this library pro)3.12 F .619 +(vide similar mechanisms.)-.15 F(The)5.619 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(inputr)3.119 E(c)-.37 E F0 .619(\214le may be edited)3.119 F +(and re-read if a program does not pro)108 96 Q(vide an)-.15 E 2.5(yo) +-.15 G(ther means to incorporate ne)-2.5 E 2.5(wb)-.25 G(indings.)-2.5 E +/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.92(Va)87 112.8 S(riables).92 E F0 .043 +(Readline has v)108 124.8 R .044 +(ariables that can be used to further customize its beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 +E 5.044(.A)-.55 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .044(riable may be set in the).25 F F1 +(inpu-)2.544 E(tr)108 136.8 Q(c)-.37 E F0 +(\214le with a statement of the form)2.5 E F2(set)144 153.6 Q F1 +(variable\255name value)2.5 E F0 .807(Except where noted, readline v)108 +170.4 R .807(ariables can tak)-.25 F 3.307(et)-.1 G .807(he v)-3.307 F +(alues)-.25 E F2(On)3.307 E F0(or)3.307 E F2(Off)3.307 E F0 .807 +(\(without re)3.307 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .807(rd to case\).).05 F .807 +(The v)5.807 F(ari-)-.25 E(ables and their def)108 182.4 Q(ault v)-.1 E +(alues are:)-.25 E F2(bell\255style \(audible\))108 199.2 Q F0 .01 +(Controls what happens when readline w)144 211.2 R .011 +(ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .011(If set to)5.011 F F2(none) +2.511 E F0 2.511(,r)C .011(eadline ne)-2.511 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E +.94(rings the bell.)144 223.2 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F2(visible)3.44 E +F0 3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25 +(va)-.2 G 3.44(ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F2(audible)3.44 E F0 +(,)A(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 235.2 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G +(ell.)-2.5 E F2(comment\255begin \(`)108 247.2 Q(`#')-.63 E('\))-.63 E +F0 .062(The string that is inserted in)144 259.2 R F2(vi)2.562 E F0 .062 +(mode when the)2.562 F F2(insert\255comment)2.562 E F0 .062 +(command is e)2.562 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.562(cuted. This).15 F(com-)2.562 +E(mand is bound to)144 271.2 Q F2(M\255#)2.5 E F0(in emacs mode and to) +2.5 E F2(#)2.5 E F0(in vi command mode.)2.5 E F2(completion\255ignor)108 +283.2 Q(e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 295.2 Q F2(On)2.5 E F0 +2.5(,r)C(eadline performs \214lename matching and completion in a case\ +\255insensiti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.).05 E F2 +(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 307.2 Q F0 .53 +(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 319.2 R .529 +(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .56(erated by the) +144 331.2 R F2(possible\255completions)3.06 E F0 3.06(command. It)3.06 F +.561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.061(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.061 E .561(ger v) +-.15 F .561(alue greater than or)-.25 F .783(equal to zero.)144 343.2 R +.783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or equal to \ +the v)5.783 F .782(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 355.2 S .237 +(riable, the user is ask).25 F .237(ed whether or not he wishes to vie) +-.1 F 2.737(wt)-.25 G .237(hem; otherwise the)-2.737 F 2.737(ya)-.15 G +.237(re simply listed)-2.737 F(on the terminal.)144 367.2 Q F2(con)108 +379.2 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .613(If set to)144 391.2 +R F2(On)3.113 E F0 3.113(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.113 F -.15(ve)-.4 +G .613(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .912 +-.15(ey s)-.1 H .612(equence by).15 F 1.315(stripping the eighth bit an\ +d pre\214xing it with an escape character \(in ef)144 403.2 R 1.316 +(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F1(meta pr)144 415.2 Q(e\214x)-.37 E +F0(\).)A F2(disable\255completion \(Off\))108 427.2 Q F0 .038(If set to) +144 439.2 R F2(On)2.538 E F0 2.538(,r)C .038(eadline will inhibit w) +-2.538 F .038(ord completion.)-.1 F .038 +(Completion characters will be inserted into the)5.038 F(line as if the) +144 451.2 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F2(self-insert)2.5 E +F0(.)A F2(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 463.2 Q F0 .215 +(Controls whether readline be)144 475.2 R .215(gins with a set of k)-.15 +F .515 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .216(indings similar to emacs or vi.).15 F F2 +(editing\255mode)5.216 E F0(can be set to either)144 487.2 Q F2(emacs) +2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F2(vi)2.5 E F0(.)A F2(enable\255k)108 499.2 Q +(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .893(When set to)144 511.2 R F2(On)3.393 E F0 +3.393(,r)C .893(eadline will try to enable the application k)-3.393 F +-.15(ey)-.1 G .893(pad when it is called.).15 F .892(Some sys-)5.893 F +(tems need this to enable the arro)144 523.2 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey) +-2.6 G(s.).15 E F2(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 535.2 Q F0(If set to)144 +547.2 Q F2(on)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(ilde e)-2.5 E +(xpansion is performed when readline attempts w)-.15 E(ord completion.) +-.1 E F2(horizontal\255scr)108 559.2 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 +.448(When set to)144 571.2 R F2(On)2.948 E F0 2.948(,m)C(ak)-2.948 E +.448(es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G +.449(crolling the input horizontally on a)-2.948 F 1.194(single screen \ +line when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping \ +to a ne)144 583.2 R(w)-.25 E(line.)144 595.2 Q F2(input\255meta \(Off\)) +108 607.2 Q F0 .367(If set to)144 619.2 R F2(On)2.867 E F0 2.867(,r)C +.367(eadline will enable eight-bit input \(that is, it will not clear t\ +he eighth bit in the char)-2.867 F(-)-.2 E .957(acters it reads\), re) +144 631.2 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .956 +(rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.).05 F .956(The name) +5.956 F F2(meta\255\215ag)3.456 E F0 .956(is a)3.456 F(synon)144 643.2 Q +(ym for this v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F2(isear)108 655.2 Q +(ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[ C\255J')-.63 E('\))-.63 E F0 .439 +(The string of characters that should terminate an incremental search w\ +ithout subsequently e)144 667.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E .935 +(ing the character as a command.)144 679.2 R .935(If this v)5.935 F .935 +(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.434(nav).15 G .934 +(alue, the characters)-3.684 F F1(ESC)3.434 E F0(and)144 691.2 Q F1 +(C\255J)2.5 E F0(will terminate an incremental search.)2.5 E F2 -.1(ke) +108 703.2 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.323(Set the current readline k)144 +715.2 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.823(map. The).15 F 2.323(set of le)4.823 F -.05 +(ga)-.15 G 4.823(lk).05 G -.15(ey)-4.923 G 2.323(map names is).15 F F1 +2.324(emacs, emacs-standar)4.823 F(d,)-.37 E .809 +(emacs-meta, emacs-ctlx, vi, vi-mo)144 727.2 R(ve)-.1 E 3.308(,v)-.1 G +(i-command)-3.308 E F0 3.308(,a)C(nd)-3.308 E F1(vi-insert)3.308 E F0(.) +.68 E F1(vi)5.808 E F0 .808(is equi)3.308 F -.25(va)-.25 G .808(lent to) +.25 F F1(vi-command)3.308 E F0(;)A(GNU Readline 4.2)72 768 Q(2001 Feb 5) +136.79 E(3)206.5 E EP +%%Page: 4 4 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 342.2(READLINE\(3\) READLINE\(3\))72 48 R/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(emacs)144 84 Q F0 .697(is equi)3.196 F -.25(va)-.25 G +.697(lent to).25 F F1(emacs-standar)3.197 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.697(.T)C .697 +(he def)-5.697 F .697(ault v)-.1 F .697(alue is)-.25 F F1(emacs)3.197 E +F0 5.697(.T).27 G .697(he v)-5.697 F .697(alue of)-.25 F/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(editing\255mode)3.197 E F0(also af)144 96 Q +(fects the def)-.25 E(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F2 +(mark\255dir)108 108 Q(ectories \(On\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 120 Q F2 +(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C(ompleted directory names ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a s) +-.2 H(lash appended.).15 E F2(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 +132 Q F0(If set to)144 144 Q F2(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C +(istory lines that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H +(een modi\214ed are displayed with a preceding asterisk \().15 E F2(*)A +F0(\).)A F2(output\255meta \(Off\))108 156 Q F0 .507(If set to)144 168 R +F2(On)3.007 E F0 3.007(,r)C .507(eadline will display characters with t\ +he eighth bit set directly rather than as a meta-)-3.007 F(pre\214x)144 +180 Q(ed escape sequence.)-.15 E F2 +(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 192 Q F0 1.318 +(If set to)144 204 R F2(On)3.818 E F0 3.818(,r)C 1.319(eadline will dis\ +play completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical)-3.818 +F(order)144 216 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E(wn the screen.)-.25 +E F2(sho)108 228 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .478 +(This alters the def)144 240 R .478(ault beha)-.1 F .478 +(vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .477(If set to)5.477 F F2(on) +2.977 E F0 2.977(,w)C .477(ords which ha)-3.077 F .777 -.15(ve m)-.2 H +(ore).15 E 1.264(than one possible completion cause the matches to be l\ +isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 252 R(bell.)144 264 Q F2 +(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 276 Q F0 .847(If set to)144 288 R F2(On) +3.346 E F0 3.346(,ac)C .846(haracter denoting a \214le')-3.346 F 3.346 +(st)-.55 G .846(ype as reported by)-3.346 F F1(stat)3.346 E F0 .846 +(\(2\) is appended to the \214lename)B +(when listing possible completions.)144 300 Q F2(Conditional Constructs) +87 316.8 Q F0 .05(Readline implements a f)108 328.8 R .05(acility simil\ +ar in spirit to the conditional compilation features of the C preproces\ +sor)-.1 F .097(which allo)108 340.8 R .097(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b) +-.1 H .096(indings and v).15 F .096 +(ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .096 +(There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 352.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F2($if)108 369.6 Q F0(The)24.89 E F2($if)2.962 E +F0 .462(construct allo)2.962 F .463(ws bindings to be made based on the\ + editing mode, the terminal being used,)-.25 F .478 +(or the application using readline.)144 381.6 R .477(The te)5.477 F .477 +(xt of the test e)-.15 F .477 +(xtends to the end of the line; no characters)-.15 F +(are required to isolate it.)144 393.6 Q F2(mode)144 410.4 Q F0(The) +12.67 E F2(mode=)3.711 E F0 1.211(form of the)3.711 F F2($if)3.711 E F0 +(directi)3.711 E 1.511 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.711(su).15 G 1.211 +(sed to test whether readline is in emacs or vi)-3.711 F 3.065 +(mode. This)180 422.4 R .565(may be used in conjunction with the)3.065 F +F2 .565(set k)3.065 F(eymap)-.1 E F0 .565(command, for instance, to) +3.065 F .029(set bindings in the)180 434.4 R F1(emacs-standar)2.529 E(d) +-.37 E F0(and)2.529 E F1(emacs-ctlx)2.529 E F0 -.1(ke)2.529 G .029 +(ymaps only if readline is starting out)-.05 F(in emacs mode.)180 446.4 +Q F2(term)144 463.2 Q F0(The)15.46 E F2(term=)3.197 E F0 .696 +(form may be used to include terminal-speci\214c k)3.197 F .996 -.15 +(ey b)-.1 H .696(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 475.2 R +.954 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .654(equences output by the terminal').15 F 3.154 +(sf)-.55 G .654(unction k)-3.154 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.154(s. The).15 F -.1 +(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 487.2 Q F2(=)3.004 +E F0 .504(is tested ag)3.004 F .503(ainst the full name of the terminal\ + and the portion of the terminal name)-.05 F(before the \214rst)180 +499.2 Q F2<ad>2.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F1(sun)2.5 E F0 +(to match both)2.5 E F1(sun)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(sun\255cmd)2.5 E F0 +2.5(,f).77 G(or instance.)-2.5 E F2(application)144 516 Q F0(The)180 528 +Q F2(application)3.003 E F0 .503 +(construct is used to include application-speci\214c settings.)3.003 F +.503(Each program)5.503 F .114(using the readline library sets the)180 +540 R F1 .114(application name)2.614 F F0 2.614(,a)C .114 +(nd an initialization \214le can test for a)-2.614 F .5(particular v)180 +552 R 3(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3 F .801 -.15 +(ey s)-.1 H .501(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F .397 +(ci\214c program.)180 564 R -.15(Fo)5.397 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396 +(nstance, the follo)-2.896 F .396(wing command adds a k)-.25 F .696 -.15 +(ey s)-.1 H .396(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 576 Q +(vious w)-.25 E(ord in Bash:)-.1 E F2($if)180 600 Q F0(Bash)2.5 E 2.5 +(#Q)180 612 S(uote the current or pre)-2.5 E(vious w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E +("\\C-xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 624 Q F2($endif)180 636 Q($endif)108 +652.8 Q F0(This command, as seen in the pre)9.33 E(vious e)-.25 E +(xample, terminates an)-.15 E F2($if)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F2($else) +108 669.6 Q F0(Commands in this branch of the)15.45 E F2($if)2.5 E F0 +(directi)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(re e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F2($include)108 686.4 Q F0 .356 +(This directi)144 698.4 R .656 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .356 +(es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .357 +(gument and reads commands and bindings from that)-.18 F 2.5(\214le. F) +144 710.4 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3 +-.15(ve w)-.25 H(ould read).05 E F1(/etc/inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(:)A +(GNU Readline 4.2)72 768 Q(2001 Feb 5)136.79 E(4)206.5 E EP +%%Page: 5 5 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 342.2(READLINE\(3\) READLINE\(3\))72 48 R/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF($include)144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(/etc/inputr) +5.833 E(c)-.37 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SEARCHING)72 100.8 Q F0 1.004 +(Readline pro)108 112.8 R 1.003(vides commands for searching through th\ +e command history for lines containing a speci\214ed)-.15 F 2.5 +(string. There)108 124.8 R(are tw)2.5 E 2.5(os)-.1 G(earch modes:)-2.5 E +F2(incr)2.5 E(emental)-.37 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(non-incr)2.5 E(emental)-.37 +E F0(.).51 E .697(Incremental searches be)108 141.6 R .697 +(gin before the user has \214nished typing the search string.)-.15 F +.698(As each character of the)5.698 F .113 +(search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 153.6 R .112 +(xt entry from the history matching the string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 +E 5.112(.A)-.55 G(n)-5.112 E .544 +(incremental search requires only as man)108 165.6 R 3.044(yc)-.15 G +.544(haracters as needed to \214nd the desired history entry)-3.044 F +5.545(.T)-.65 G 3.045(os)-6.345 G(earch)-3.045 E(backw)108 177.6 Q .181 +(ard in the history for a particular string, type)-.1 F F1(C\255r)2.681 +E F0 5.181(.T)C(yping)-5.981 E F1(C\255s)2.68 E F0 .18(searches forw) +2.68 F .18(ard through the history)-.1 F(.)-.65 E .354 +(The characters present in the v)108 189.6 R .354(alue of the)-.25 F F1 +(isear)2.854 E(ch-terminators)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.854 G .354 +(riable are used to terminate an incremen-).25 F .6(tal search.)108 +201.6 R .6(If that v)5.6 F .6(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F +.6(alue the)-.25 F F2(Escape)3.1 E F0(and)3.1 E F1(C\255J)3.1 E F0 .6 +(characters will terminate an)3.1 F .122(incremental search.)108 213.6 R +F1(C\255G)5.122 E F0 .122 +(will abort an incremental search and restore the original line.)2.622 F +.123(When the search is)5.123 F(terminated, the history entry containin\ +g the search string becomes the current line.)108 225.6 Q 2.407 -.8 +(To \214)108 242.4 T .806 +(nd other matching entries in the history list, type).8 F F1(C\255s) +3.306 E F0(or)3.306 E F1(C\255r)3.306 E F0 .806(as appropriate.)3.306 F +.806(This will search back-)5.806 F -.1(wa)108 254.4 S 1.308(rd or forw) +.1 F 1.309(ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F 1.309 +(xt line matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 6.309(.A) +-.55 G 1.609 -.15(ny o)-6.309 H 1.309(ther k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .317 +(sequence bound to a readline command will terminate the search and e) +108 266.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .317(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.317 G +2.817(ri).15 G(nstance,)-2.817 E 3.48(an)108 278.4 S -.25(ew)-3.48 G .98 +(line will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e).25 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .981(cuting the command from the history).15 F 3.062 +(list. A)108 290.4 R(mo)3.062 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .562 +(ment command will terminate the search, mak).15 F 3.062(et)-.1 G .562 +(he last line found the current line, and be)-3.062 F(gin)-.15 E +(editing.)108 302.4 Q .567(Non-incremental searches read the entire sea\ +rch string before starting to search for matching history lines.)108 +319.2 R(The search string may be typed by the user or be part of the co\ +ntents of the current line.)108 331.2 Q F3(EDITING COMMANDS)72 348 Q F0 +1.392(The follo)108 360 R 1.391 +(wing is a list of the names of the commands and the def)-.25 F 1.391 +(ault k)-.1 F 1.691 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.391(equences to which the).15 F +3.891(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.891 E 2.5(bound. Command)108 372 R +(names without an accompan)2.5 E(ying k)-.15 E .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H +(equence are unbound by def).15 E(ault.)-.1 E .054(In the follo)108 +388.8 R .054(wing descriptions,)-.25 F F2(point)2.554 E F0 .055 +(refers to the current cursor position, and)2.554 F F2(mark)2.555 E F0 +.055(refers to a cursor position)2.555 F(sa)108 400.8 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G +2.5(db).15 G 2.5(yt)-2.5 G(he)-2.5 E F1(set\255mark)2.5 E F0 2.5 +(command. The)2.5 F(te)2.5 E +(xt between the point and mark is referred to as the)-.15 E F2 -.37(re) +2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F1(Commands f)87 417.6 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1 +E(beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 429.6 Q F0(Mo)144 441.6 Q .3 +-.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he start of the current line.)-2.5 E F1 +(end\255of\255line \(C\255e\))108 453.6 Q F0(Mo)144 465.6 Q .3 -.15 +(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the line.)-2.5 E F1 -.25(fo)108 +477.6 S(rward\255char \(C\255f\)).25 E F0(Mo)144 489.6 Q .3 -.15(ve f) +-.15 H(orw).15 E(ard a character)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1 +(backward\255char \(C\255b\))108 501.6 Q F0(Mo)144 513.6 Q .3 -.15(ve b) +-.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)108 525.6 S(rward\255w) +.25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 537.6 Q .823 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) +.15 E .523(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .523(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W) +-.1 F .522(ords are composed of alphanumeric characters \(let-)-.8 F +(ters and digits\).)144 549.6 Q F1(backward\255w)108 561.6 Q +(ord \(M\255b\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 573.6 Q 1.71 -.15(ve b)-.15 H 1.41 +(ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F 1.41(vious w)-.25 F 3.91 +(ord. W)-.1 F 1.41(ords are composed of alphanumeric)-.8 F +(characters \(letters and digits\).)144 585.6 Q F1(clear\255scr)108 +597.6 Q(een \(C\255l\))-.18 E F0 .993(Clear the screen lea)144 609.6 R +.993(ving the current line at the top of the screen.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.993 +G .993(th an ar).4 F .993(gument, refresh the)-.18 F +(current line without clearing the screen.)144 621.6 Q F1 -.18(re)108 +633.6 S(draw\255curr).18 E(ent\255line)-.18 E F0 +(Refresh the current line.)144 645.6 Q F1(Commands f)87 662.4 Q +(or Manipulating the History)-.25 E(accept\255line \(Newline, Retur)108 +674.4 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .364(Accept the line re)144 686.4 R -.05(ga)-.15 G +.364(rdless of where the cursor is.).05 F .364 +(If this line is non-empty)5.364 F 2.864(,i)-.65 G 2.864(tm)-2.864 G +.365(ay be added to the)-2.864 F .741 +(history list for future recall with)144 698.4 R F1(add_history\(\)) +3.241 E F0 5.741(.I)C 3.241(ft)-5.741 G .74 +(he line is a modi\214ed history line, the history)-3.241 F +(line is restored to its original state.)144 710.4 Q(GNU Readline 4.2)72 +768 Q(2001 Feb 5)136.79 E(5)206.5 E EP +%%Page: 6 6 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 342.2(READLINE\(3\) READLINE\(3\))72 48 R/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(pr)108 84 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255history \(C\255p\)) +.15 E F0(Fetch the pre)144 96 Q(vious command from the history list, mo) +-.25 E(ving back in the list.)-.15 E F1(next\255history \(C\255n\))108 +108 Q F0(Fetch the ne)144 120 Q(xt command from the history list, mo) +-.15 E(ving forw)-.15 E(ard in the list.)-.1 E F1 +(beginning\255of\255history \(M\255<\))108 132 Q F0(Mo)144 144 Q .3 -.15 +(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he \214rst line in the history)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E +F1(end\255of\255history \(M\255>\))108 156 Q F0(Mo)144 168 Q .3 -.15 +(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the input history)-2.5 E 2.5(,i)-.65 +G(.e., the line currently being entered.)-2.5 E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 +180 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.47 +(Search backw)144 192 R 1.471(ard starting at the current line and mo) +-.1 F 1.471(ving `up' through the history as necessary)-.15 F(.)-.65 E +(This is an incremental search.)144 204 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 216 S +(rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.132 +(Search forw)144 228 R 1.132(ard starting at the current line and mo)-.1 +F 1.131(ving `do)-.15 F 1.131(wn' through the history as necessary)-.25 +F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 240 Q F1(non\255incr)108 +252 Q(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H(rse\255sear).15 E +(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .164(Search backw)144 264 R .164(ar\ +d through the history starting at the current line using a non-incremen\ +tal search for)-.1 F 2.5(as)144 276 S(tring supplied by the user)-2.5 E +(.)-.55 E F1(non\255incr)108 288 Q(emental\255f)-.18 E(orward\255sear) +-.25 E(ch\255history \(M\255n\))-.18 E F0 1.354(Search forw)144 300 R +1.354(ard through the history using a non-incremental search for a stri\ +ng supplied by the)-.1 F(user)144 312 Q(.)-.55 E F1(history\255sear)108 +324 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F0 .248(Search forw)144 336 R .249(a\ +rd through the history for the string of characters between the start o\ +f the current line)-.1 F(and the current cursor position \(the)144 348 Q +/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(point)2.5 E F0 2.5(\). This)B +(is a non-incremental search.)2.5 E F1(history\255sear)108 360 Q +(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .951(Search backw)144 372 R .951(ard through \ +the history for the string of characters between the start of the curre\ +nt)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 384 Q +(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 396 Q +2.5(g\()-.1 G<4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F0 .622(Insert the \214rst ar)144 408 +R .622(gument to the pre)-.18 F .622 +(vious command \(usually the second w)-.25 F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F +.622(vious line\))-.25 F .682(at point \(the current cursor position\).) +144 420 R -.4(Wi)5.682 G .682(th an ar).4 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)3.182 E +F0 3.182(,i).24 G .682(nsert the)-3.182 F F2(n)3.182 E F0 .682(th w)B +.681(ord from the pre)-.1 F(vious)-.25 E .729(command \(the w)144 432 R +.729(ords in the pre)-.1 F .729(vious command be)-.25 F .729(gin with w) +-.15 F .729(ord 0\).)-.1 F 3.23(An)5.73 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.23 H(ti).15 +E 1.03 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .73(ument inserts).18 F(the)144 +444 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(th w)A(ord from the end of the pre)-.1 E +(vious command.)-.25 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)108 456 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G +-1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F -1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.308 +(Insert the last ar)144 468 R 1.308(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307 +(vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.307(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.307 +(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 480 S .735(th an ar).4 F .735 +(gument, beha)-.18 F 1.035 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H .735(actly lik).15 F(e)-.1 E +F1(yank\255nth\255ar)3.235 E(g)-.1 E F0 5.736(.S)C(uccessi)-5.736 E +1.036 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .736(alls to).15 F F1(yank\255last\255ar)3.236 E +(g)-.1 E F0(mo)3.236 E -.15(ve)-.15 G +(back through the history list, inserting the last ar)144 492 Q +(gument of each line in turn.)-.18 E F1(Commands f)87 508.8 Q +(or Changing T)-.25 E(ext)-.92 E(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 520.8 Q +F0 .487(Delete the character under the cursor)144 532.8 R 5.487(.I)-.55 +G 2.987(fp)-5.487 G .487(oint is at the be)-2.987 F .486 +(ginning of the line, there are no charac-)-.15 F +(ters in the line, and the last character typed w)144 544.8 Q +(as not bound to)-.1 E F1(delete\255char)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(hen return) +-2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(EOF)2.5 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1 +(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\))108 556.8 Q F0 .552 +(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 568.8 R 5.553(.W)-.55 G .553 +(hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553(umeric ar)-3.053 F +.553(gument, sa)-.18 F .853 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .553(he deleted te).15 F +.553(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 580.8 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 592.8 S +(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .474 +(Delete the character under the cursor)144 604.8 R 2.974(,u)-.4 G .474 +(nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.974 F +(character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 616.8 Q F1 +(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 628.8 Q F0 1.228(Add the ne)144 +640.8 R 1.228(xt character that you type to the line v)-.15 F 3.728 +(erbatim. This)-.15 F 1.228(is ho)3.728 F 3.729(wt)-.25 G 3.729(oi) +-3.729 G 1.229(nsert characters lik)-3.729 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)144 652.8 +Q F0 2.5(,f)C(or e)-2.5 E(xample.)-.15 E F1(tab\255insert \(M-T)108 +664.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0(Insert a tab character)144 676.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1 +(self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 688.8 Q F0 +(Insert the character typed.)144 700.8 Q(GNU Readline 4.2)72 768 Q +(2001 Feb 5)136.79 E(6)206.5 E EP +%%Page: 7 7 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 342.2(READLINE\(3\) READLINE\(3\))72 48 R/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\))108 84 Q F0 .322 +(Drag the character before point forw)144 96 R .321(ard o)-.1 F -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .321 +(ving point forw)-.15 F .321(ard as well.)-.1 F 1.03 +(If point is at the end of the line, then transpose the tw)144 108 R +3.531(oc)-.1 G 1.031(haracters before point.)-3.531 F(Ne)6.031 E -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.331 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G(u-).18 E +(ments don')144 120 Q 2.5(tw)-.18 G(ork.)-2.6 E F1(transpose\255w)108 +132 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .566(Drag the w)144 144 R .566 +(ord behind the cursor past the w)-.1 F .565(ord in front of the cursor) +-.1 F 3.065(,m)-.4 G -.15(ov)-3.065 G .565(ing the cursor o).15 F -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 3.065(rt).15 G(hat)-3.065 E -.1(wo)144 156 S(rd as well.).1 E +F1(upcase\255w)108 168 Q(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.698 +(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 180 R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198 +(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.999 -.15 +(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.699(ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious) +-.25 E -.1(wo)144 192 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 +H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 204 Q(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0 +(Lo)144 216 Q 1.648(wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.648 +(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.148(ord. W)-.1 F 1.647(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G +(ti).05 E 1.947 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.647(ument, lo).18 F +1.647(wercase the pre)-.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 228 S(rd, b).1 E +(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w) +108 240 Q(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.974 +(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 252 R 1.974(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.474 +(ord. W)-.1 F 1.974(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15 +(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.975(ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious) +-.25 E -.1(wo)144 264 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 +H(oint.).15 E F1(Killing and Y)87 280.8 Q(anking)-.85 E +(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 292.8 Q F0(Kill the te)144 304.8 Q +(xt from the current cursor position to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1 +(backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 316.8 Q F0(Kill backw) +144 328.8 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1 +(unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 340.8 Q F0(Kill backw)144 352.8 +Q(ard from point to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E +(The killed te)5 E(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt) +-2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 364.8 Q F0(Kil\ +l all characters on the current line, no matter where the cursor is.)144 +376.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 388.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 1.044 +(Kill from the cursor to the end of the current w)144 400.8 R 1.043 +(ord, or if between w)-.1 F 1.043(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F(xt) +-.15 E -.1(wo)144 412.8 S 2.5(rd. W).1 F +(ord boundaries are the same as those used by)-.8 E F1 -.25(fo)2.5 G +(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 424.8 Q +(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0 3.26(Kill the w)144 436.8 R 3.26 +(ord behind the cursor)-.1 F 8.26(.W)-.55 G 3.26 +(ord boundaries are the same as those used by)-9.06 F F1(back-)5.76 E +(ward\255w)144 448.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 460.8 Q +(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .482(Kill the w)144 472.8 R .482 +(ord behind the cursor)-.1 F 2.982(,u)-.4 G .482 +(sing white space as a w)-2.982 F .482(ord boundary)-.1 F 5.482(.T)-.65 +G .482(he w)-5.482 F .481(ord boundaries are)-.1 F(dif)144 484.8 Q +(ferent from)-.25 E F1(backward\255kill\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 +(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 496.8 Q F0 +(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 508.8 Q F1(kill\255r)108 +520.8 Q(egion)-.18 E F0 1.13(Kill the te)144 532.8 R 1.13 +(xt between the point and)-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(mark)3.63 E F0 +(\(sa)3.63 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.63(dc).15 G 1.13(ursor position\).)-3.63 F +1.13(This te)6.13 F 1.13(xt is referred to as the)-.15 F F2 -.37(re)144 +544.8 S(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255r)108 556.8 Q(egion\255as\255kill) +-.18 E F0(Cop)144 568.8 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E +(gion to the kill b)-.15 E(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E F1 +(copy\255backward\255w)108 580.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 592.8 Q 4.801 +(yt)-.1 G 2.301(he w)-4.801 F 2.301(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F +(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.3 +(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.8 E(ward\255w)144 604.8 +Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 616.8 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E +F0(Cop)144 628.8 Q 4.507(yt)-.1 G 2.007(he w)-4.507 F 2.007(ord follo) +-.1 F 2.007(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.008 +(.T)-.55 G 2.008(he w)-7.008 F 2.008(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 +F F1 -.25(fo)4.508 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 640.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.) +A F1(yank \(C\255y\))108 652.8 Q F0 -1(Ya)144 664.8 S +(nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer at the cursor) +-.25 E(.)-.55 E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 676.8 Q F0 +(Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 688.8 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5 +(op. Only)-2.5 F -.1(wo)2.5 G(rks follo).1 E(wing)-.25 E F1(yank)2.5 E +F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 705.6 Q +(guments)-.1 E F0(GNU Readline 4.2)72 768 Q(2001 Feb 5)136.79 E(7)206.5 +E EP +%%Page: 8 8 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 342.2(READLINE\(3\) READLINE\(3\))72 48 R/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(digit\255ar)108 84 Q +(gument \(M\2550, M\2551, ..., M\255\255\))-.1 E F0 .642 +(Add this digit to the ar)144 96 R .641 +(gument already accumulating, or start a ne)-.18 F 3.141(wa)-.25 G -.18 +(rg)-3.141 G 3.141(ument. M\255\255).18 F .641(starts a ne)3.141 F(g-) +-.15 E(ati)144 108 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G(ument.).18 E F1 +(uni)108 120 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0 .778 +(This is another w)144 132 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F 3.279 +(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .779 +(wed by one or more digits,)-.25 F 1.376 +(optionally with a leading minus sign, those digits de\214ne the ar)144 +144 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144 +156 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni) +3.67 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(ag)3.67 E 1.17 +(ain ends the numeric ar)-.05 F 1.17(gument, b)-.18 F 1.17(ut is other) +-.2 F(-)-.2 E .899(wise ignored.)144 168 R .898 +(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.899 F .898 +(wed by a character that is)-.25 F .243 +(neither a digit or minus sign, the ar)144 180 R .243 +(gument count for the ne)-.18 F .243(xt command is multiplied by four) +-.15 F 5.243(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.243 E(ar)144 192 Q .378 +(gument count is initially one, so e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .378 +(cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .378(es the ar)-.1 F +.378(gument count)-.18 F(four)144 204 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak) +-2.5 E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E F1 +(Completing)87 220.8 Q(complete \(T)108 232.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.908 +(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 244.8 R 1.908 +(xt before point.)-.15 F 1.909(The actual completion performed is)6.909 +F(application-speci\214c.)144 256.8 Q F1(Bash)5.518 E F0 3.018(,f)C .518 +(or instance, attempts completion treating the te)-3.018 F .517 +(xt as a v)-.15 F .517(ariable \(if the)-.25 F(te)144 268.8 Q .656 +(xt be)-.15 F .656(gins with)-.15 F F1($)3.156 E F0 .656 +(\), username \(if the te)B .656(xt be)-.15 F .656(gins with)-.15 F F1 +(~)3.156 E F0 .656(\), hostname \(if the te)B .656(xt be)-.15 F .656 +(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.157 E F0 .657(\), or)B .93 +(command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)144 280.8 R .929 +(If none of these produces a match, \214lename)5.929 F 1.273 +(completion is attempted.)144 292.8 R F1(Gdb)6.273 E F0 3.773(,o)C 3.773 +(nt)-3.773 G 1.273(he other hand, allo)-3.773 F 1.273 +(ws completion of program functions and)-.25 F -.25(va)144 304.8 S(riab\ +les, and only attempts \214lename completion under certain circumstance\ +s.).25 E F1(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 316.8 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 328.8 Q(xt before point.) +-.15 E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 340.8 Q F0 .783 +(Insert all completions of the te)144 352.8 R .783 +(xt before point that w)-.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H +.783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.282 E(pletions)144 +364.8 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 376.8 Q F0 .928(Similar to)144 +388.8 R F1(complete)3.428 E F0 3.428(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.628 +F .929(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F +1.194(possible completions.)144 400.8 R 1.194(Repeated e)6.194 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 1.194(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.193 +(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .828 +(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 412.8 R .828 +(At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung)5.828 F 2.049 +(and the original te)144 424.8 R 2.049(xt is restored.)-.15 F 2.048 +(An ar)7.048 F 2.048(gument of)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)4.548 E +F0(mo)4.548 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)4.548 E F0 2.048 +(positions forw)4.548 F 2.048(ard in the list of)-.1 F .648 +(matches; a ne)144 436.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .948 -.15(ve a)-.25 H +-.18(rg).15 G .649(ument may be used to mo).18 F .949 -.15(ve b)-.15 H +(ackw).15 E .649(ard through the list.)-.1 F .649(This command is)5.649 +F(intended to be bound to)144 448.8 Q F1 -.9(TA)2.5 G(B).9 E F0 2.5(,b)C +(ut is unbound by def)-2.7 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 +(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 460.8 Q F0 .374 +(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 472.8 R +.373(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete-char) +2.873 E F0(\).)A(If at the end of the line, beha)144 484.8 Q -.15(ve)-.2 +G 2.5(si).15 G(dentically to)-2.5 E F1(possible-completions)2.5 E F0(.)A +F1 -.25(Ke)87 501.6 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18 E(start\255kbd\255macr) +108 513.6 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Be)144 525.6 Q +(gin sa)-.15 E(ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15 +(ey)-.1 G(board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 537.6 Q 2.5(o\() +-.18 G(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 549.6 Q +(ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G +(board macro and store the de\214nition.).15 E F1 +(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 561.6 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5 +E F0(Re-e)144 573.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G .999(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey) +-.1 G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro\ + appear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 585.6 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 +E F1(Miscellaneous)87 602.4 Q -.18(re)108 614.4 S<ad72>.18 E +(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.777 +(Read in the contents of the)144 626.4 R F2(inputr)4.277 E(c)-.37 E F0 +1.776(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.276(yb)-.15 G 1.776 +(indings or v)-4.276 F 1.776(ariable assignments)-.25 F(found there.)144 +638.4 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 650.4 Q F0 3.248 +(Abort the 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line.)144 120 Q F1 +-2.29 -.18(re v)108 132 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 1.095 +(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 144 R 1.095(This is lik)6.095 F +3.595(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-3.745 G 1.095(cuting the).15 F F1(undo)3.595 E +F0 1.095(command enough times to)3.595 F +(return the line to its initial state.)144 156 Q F1 +(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 168 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 180 Q +(xpansion on the current w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E F1 +(set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255<space>\))108 192 Q F0 .591 +(Set the mark to the current point.)144 204 R .591(If a numeric ar)5.591 +F .59(gument is supplied, the mark is set to that posi-)-.18 F(tion.)144 +216 Q F1(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 228 Q F0 +(Sw)144 240 Q .282(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 +(The current cursor position is set to the sa)5.283 F -.15(ve)-.2 G +2.783(dp).15 G .283(osition, and the old)-2.783 F(cursor position is sa) +144 252 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1 +(character\255sear)108 264 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.036(Ac)144 276 S +.536(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.036 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(dt) +.15 G 3.035(ot)-3.035 G .535(he ne)-3.035 F .535 +(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.535(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .835 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre) +144 288 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 300 Q +(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.543(Ac)144 312 S 1.043 +(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.543 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G +3.544(ot)-3.544 G 1.044(he pre)-3.544 F 1.044 +(vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.044(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 324 Q F1 +(insert\255comment \(M\255#\))108 336 Q F0 .291(The v)144 348 R .291 +(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1(comment\255begin)2.791 E F0 -.25(va) +2.791 G .291(riable is inserted at the be).25 F .29 +(ginning of the current line,)-.15 F 1.277 +(and the line is accepted as if a ne)144 360 R 1.277 +(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.277(The def)6.277 F 1.277(ault v)-.1 F +1.277(alue of)-.25 F F1(comment\255begin)3.777 E F0(mak)144 372 Q +(es the current line a shell comment.)-.1 E F1(dump\255functions)108 384 +Q F0 .627(Print all of the functions and their k)144 396 R .927 -.15 +(ey b)-.1 H .626(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .626 +(If a numeric ar)5.626 F(gu-)-.18 E +(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 408 Q +(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) +2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 420 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0 +.283(Print all of the settable v)144 432 R .283(ariables and their v) +-.25 F .283(alues to the readline output stream.)-.25 F .283 +(If a numeric ar)5.283 F(gu-)-.18 E +(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 444 Q +(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 E F3(inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0 +(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 456 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .756 +(Print all of the readline k)144 468 R 1.056 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .756 +(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.256(yo)-.15 G +3.256(uput. If)-3.256 F 3.255(an)3.255 G(umeric)-3.255 E(ar)144 480 Q +.528(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .528 +(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F3(inputr)3.028 E(c)-.37 E F0 +(\214le.)144 492 Q F1(emacs\255editing\255mode \(C\255e\))108 504 Q F0 +(When in)144 516 Q F1(vi)2.5 E F0(editing mode, this causes a switch to) +2.5 E F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(editing mode.)2.5 E F1 +(vi\255editing\255mode \(M\255C\255j\))108 528 Q F0(When in)144 540 Q F1 +(emacs)2.5 E F0(editing mode, this causes a switch to)2.5 E F1(vi)2.5 E +F0(editing mode.)2.5 E F2(DEF)72 556.8 Q -.45(AU)-.81 G 1.656 -.828 +(LT K).45 H(EY BINDINGS).828 E F0 .065(The follo)108 568.8 R .065 +(wing is a list of the def)-.25 F .065(ault emacs and vi bindings.)-.1 F +.064(Characters with the eighth bit set are written as)5.064 F .615 +(M\255<character>, and are referred to as)108 580.8 R F3(meta\214ed) +3.115 E F0 3.115(characters. The)3.115 F .616 +(printable ASCII characters not mentioned)3.116 F 1.116 +(in the list of emacs standard bindings are bound to the)108 592.8 R F1 +(self\255insert)3.615 E F0 1.115(function, which just inserts the gi) +3.615 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E .945(character into the input line.)108 +604.8 R .945(In vi insertion mode, all characters not speci\214cally me\ +ntioned are bound to)5.945 F F1(self\255insert)108 616.8 Q F0 5.359(.C)C +.359(haracters assigned to signal generation by)-5.359 F F3(stty)2.859 E +F0 .359(\(1\) or the terminal dri).32 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.159 -.4(r, s) +.15 H .358(uch as C-Z or C-C,).4 F .187(retain that function.)108 628.8 +R .187(Upper and lo)5.187 F .188(wer case meta\214ed characters are bou\ +nd to the same function in the emacs)-.25 F .305(mode meta k)108 640.8 R +-.15(ey)-.1 G 2.805(map. The).15 F .305(remaining characters are unboun\ +d, which causes readline to ring the bell \(subject)2.805 F +(to the setting of the)108 652.8 Q F1(bell\255style)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 +G(riable\).).25 E F1(Emacs Mode)87 669.6 Q F0(Emacs Standard bindings) +151.2 681.6 Q 2.5("C-@" set-mark)151.2 705.6 R 2.5("C-A" be)151.2 717.6 +R(ginning-of-line)-.15 E 2.5("C-B" backw)151.2 729.6 R(ard-char)-.1 E +(GNU Readline 4.2)72 768 Q(2001 Feb 5)136.79 E(9)206.5 E EP +%%Page: 10 10 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 342.2(READLINE\(3\) READLINE\(3\))72 48 R 2.5 +("C-D" delete-char)151.2 84 R 2.5("C-E" end-of-line)151.2 96 R 2.5 +("C-F" forw)151.2 108 R(ard-char)-.1 E 2.5("C-G" abort)151.2 120 R 2.5 +("C-H" backw)151.2 132 R(ard-delete-char)-.1 E 2.5("C-I" complete)151.2 +144 R 2.5("C-J" accept-line)151.2 156 R 2.5("C-K" kill-line)151.2 168 R +2.5("C-L" clear)151.2 180 R(-screen)-.2 E 2.5("C-M" accept-line)151.2 +192 R 2.5("C-N" ne)151.2 204 R(xt-history)-.15 E 2.5("C-P" pre)151.2 216 +R(vious-history)-.25 E 2.5("C-Q" quoted-insert)151.2 228 R 2.5("C-R" re) +151.2 240 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(rse-search-history).15 E 2.5("C-S" forw)151.2 +252 R(ard-search-history)-.1 E 2.5("C-T" transpose-chars)151.2 264 R 2.5 +("C-U" unix-line-discard)151.2 276 R 2.5("C-V" quoted-insert)151.2 288 R +2.5("C-W" unix-w)151.2 300 R(ord-rubout)-.1 E 2.5("C-Y" yank)151.2 312 R +2.5("C-]" character)151.2 324 R(-search)-.2 E 2.5("C-_" undo)151.2 336 R +3.333("")151.2 348 S(to "/")-.833 E(self-insert)5 E 2.5("0" to)151.2 360 +R 2.5("9" self-insert)2.5 F 2.5(":" to)151.2 372 R 2.5("~" self-insert) +2.5 F 2.5("C-?" backw)151.2 384 R(ard-delete-char)-.1 E +(Emacs Meta bindings)151.2 400.8 Q 2.5("M-C-G" abort)151.2 424.8 R 2.5 +("M-C-H" backw)151.2 436.8 R(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E 2.5 +("M-C-I" tab-insert)151.2 448.8 R 2.5("M-C-J" vi-editing-mode)151.2 +460.8 R 2.5("M-C-M" vi-editing-mode)151.2 472.8 R 2.5("M-C-R" re)151.2 +484.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(rt-line).15 E 2.5("M-C-Y" yank-nth-ar)151.2 496.8 +R(g)-.18 E 2.5("M-C-[" complete)151.2 508.8 R 2.5("M-C-]" character) +151.2 520.8 R(-search-backw)-.2 E(ard)-.1 E 2.5("M-space" set-mark)151.2 +532.8 R 2.5("M-#" insert-comment)151.2 544.8 R 2.5("M-&" tilde-e)151.2 +556.8 R(xpand)-.15 E 2.5("M-*" insert-completions)151.2 568.8 R 2.5 +("M--" digit-ar)151.2 580.8 R(gument)-.18 E 2.5("M-." yank-last-ar)151.2 +592.8 R(g)-.18 E 2.5("M-0" digit-ar)151.2 604.8 R(gument)-.18 E 2.5 +("M-1" digit-ar)151.2 616.8 R(gument)-.18 E 2.5("M-2" digit-ar)151.2 +628.8 R(gument)-.18 E 2.5("M-3" digit-ar)151.2 640.8 R(gument)-.18 E 2.5 +("M-4" digit-ar)151.2 652.8 R(gument)-.18 E 2.5("M-5" digit-ar)151.2 +664.8 R(gument)-.18 E 2.5("M-6" digit-ar)151.2 676.8 R(gument)-.18 E 2.5 +("M-7" digit-ar)151.2 688.8 R(gument)-.18 E 2.5("M-8" digit-ar)151.2 +700.8 R(gument)-.18 E 2.5("M-9" digit-ar)151.2 712.8 R(gument)-.18 E 2.5 +("M-<" be)151.2 724.8 R(ginning-of-history)-.15 E(GNU Readline 4.2)72 +768 Q(2001 Feb 5)136.79 E(10)201.5 E EP 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R(g)-.18 E(Emacs Control-X bindings) +151.2 304.8 Q 2.5("C-XC-G" abort)151.2 328.8 R 2.5 +("C-XC-R" re-read-init-\214le)151.2 340.8 R 2.5("C-XC-U" undo)151.2 +352.8 R 2.5("C-XC-X" e)151.2 364.8 R(xchange-point-and-mark)-.15 E 2.5 +("C-X\(" start-kbd-macro)151.2 376.8 R 2.5("C-X\)" end-kbd-macro)151.2 +388.8 R 2.5("C-XE" call-last-kbd-macro)151.2 400.8 R 2.5("C-XC-?" backw) +151.2 412.8 R(ard-kill-line)-.1 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(VI Mode bindings)87 441.6 Q F0(VI Insert Mode functions)151.2 453.6 Q +2.5("C-D" vi-eof-maybe)151.2 477.6 R 2.5("C-H" backw)151.2 489.6 R +(ard-delete-char)-.1 E 2.5("C-I" complete)151.2 501.6 R 2.5 +("C-J" accept-line)151.2 513.6 R 2.5("C-M" accept-line)151.2 525.6 R 2.5 +("C-R" re)151.2 537.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(rse-search-history).15 E 2.5 +("C-S" forw)151.2 549.6 R(ard-search-history)-.1 E 2.5 +("C-T" transpose-chars)151.2 561.6 R 2.5("C-U" unix-line-discard)151.2 +573.6 R 2.5("C-V" quoted-insert)151.2 585.6 R 2.5("C-W" unix-w)151.2 +597.6 R(ord-rubout)-.1 E 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a b).15 F .704(ug actually e)-.2 F .704(xists, mail a b) +-.15 F .704(ug report to)-.2 F F2 -.2(bu)3.204 G(g\255r).2 E(eadline) +-.37 E F0(@)A F2(gnu.or)A(g)-.37 E F0 5.704(.I)C 3.204(fy)-5.704 G(ou) +-3.204 E(ha)108 556.8 Q 1.809 -.15(ve a \214)-.2 H 1.509 +(x, you are welcome to mail that as well!).15 F 1.51 +(Suggestions and `philosophical' b)6.51 F 1.51(ug reports may be)-.2 F +(mailed to)108 568.8 Q F2 -.2(bu)2.5 G(g-r).2 E(eadline)-.37 E F0(@)A F2 +(gnu.or)A(g)-.37 E F0(or posted to the Usenet ne)2.5 E(wsgroup)-.25 E F3 +(gnu.bash.b)2.5 E(ug)-.2 E F0(.)A(Comments and b)108 585.6 Q +(ug reports concerning this manual page should be directed to)-.2 E F2 +-.15(ch)2.5 G(et@ins.CWR).15 E -.25(U.)-.4 G(Edu).25 E F0(.).25 E F1 +-.09(BU)72 602.4 S(GS).09 E F0(It')108 614.4 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G +(oo big and too slo)-2.5 E -.65(w.)-.25 G(GNU Readline 4.2)72 768 Q +(2001 Feb 5)136.79 E(13)201.5 E EP +%%Trailer +end +%%EOF
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000 +++ b/readline/doc/rluserman.html Sat Feb 10 05:13:25 2001 +0000 @@ -0,0 +1,1589 @@ +<HTML> +<HEAD> +<!-- This HTML file has been created by texi2html 1.52 + from /usr/homes/chet/src/bash/readline-src/doc/rluserman.texinfo on 5 Febuary 2001 --> + +<TITLE>GNU Readline Library</TITLE> +</HEAD> +<BODY> +<H1>GNU Readline Library User Interface</H1> +<H2>Edition 4.2-beta, for <CODE>Readline Library</CODE> Version 4.2-beta.</H2> +<H2>Feb 2001</H2> +<ADDRESS>Brian Fox, Free Software Foundation</ADDRESS> +<ADDRESS>Chet Ramey, Case Western Reserve University</ADDRESS> +<P> +<P><HR><P> +<H1>Table of Contents</H1> +<UL> +<LI><A NAME="TOC1" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC1">Command Line Editing</A> +<UL> +<LI><A NAME="TOC2" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC2">Introduction to Line Editing</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC3" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC3">Readline Interaction</A> +<UL> +<LI><A NAME="TOC4" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC4">Readline Bare Essentials</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC5" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC5">Readline Movement Commands</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC6" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC6">Readline Killing Commands</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC7" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC7">Readline Arguments</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC8" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC8">Searching for Commands in the History</A> +</UL> +<LI><A NAME="TOC9" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC9">Readline Init File</A> +<UL> +<LI><A NAME="TOC10" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC10">Readline Init File Syntax</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC11" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC11">Conditional Init Constructs</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC12" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC12">Sample Init File</A> +</UL> +<LI><A NAME="TOC13" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC13">Bindable Readline Commands</A> +<UL> +<LI><A NAME="TOC14" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC14">Commands For Moving</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC15" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC15">Commands For Manipulating The History</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC16" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC16">Commands For Changing Text</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC17" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC17">Killing And Yanking</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC18" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC18">Specifying Numeric Arguments</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC19" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC19">Letting Readline Type For You</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC20" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC20">Keyboard Macros</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC21" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC21">Some Miscellaneous Commands</A> +</UL> +<LI><A NAME="TOC22" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC22">Readline vi Mode</A> +</UL> +</UL> +<P><HR><P> + +<P> +This document describes the end user interface of the GNU Readline Library, +a utility which aids in the consistency of user interface across discrete +programs that need to provide a command line interface. + +</P> +<P> +Published by the Free Software Foundation <BR> +59 Temple Place, Suite 330, <BR> +Boston, MA 02111 USA + +</P> +<P> +Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of +this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice +are preserved on all copies. + +</P> +<P> +Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this +manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire +resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission +notice identical to this one. + +</P> +<P> +Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual +into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions, +except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved +by the Free Software Foundation. + +</P> +<P> +Copyright (C) 1988-2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + +</P> + + + +<H1><A NAME="SEC1" HREF="rluserman.html#TOC1">Command Line Editing</A></H1> + +<P> +This chapter describes the basic features of the GNU +command line editing interface. + +</P> + +<UL> +<LI><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC2">Introduction and Notation</A>: Notation used in this text. +<LI><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC3">Readline Interaction</A>: The minimum set of commands for editing a line. +<LI><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC9">Readline Init File</A>: Customizing Readline from a user's view. +<LI><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC13">Bindable Readline Commands</A>: A description of most of the Readline commands + available for binding +<LI><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC22">Readline vi Mode</A>: A short description of how to make Readline + behave like the vi editor. +</UL> + + + +<H2><A NAME="SEC2" HREF="rluserman.html#TOC2">Introduction to Line Editing</A></H2> + +<P> +The following paragraphs describe the notation used to represent +keystrokes. + +</P> +<P> +The text <KBD>C-k</KBD> is read as `Control-K' and describes the character +produced when the <KBD>k</KBD> key is pressed while the Control key +is depressed. + +</P> +<P> +The text <KBD>M-k</KBD> is read as `Meta-K' and describes the character +produced when the Meta key (if you have one) is depressed, and the <KBD>k</KBD> +key is pressed. +The Meta key is labeled <KBD>ALT</KBD> on many keyboards. +On keyboards with two keys labeled <KBD>ALT</KBD> (usually to either side of +the space bar), the <KBD>ALT</KBD> on the left side is generally set to +work as a Meta key. +The <KBD>ALT</KBD> key on the right may also be configured to work as a +Meta key or may be configured as some other modifier, such as a +Compose key for typing accented characters. + +</P> +<P> +If you do not have a Meta or <KBD>ALT</KBD> key, or another key working as +a Meta key, the identical keystroke can be generated by typing <KBD>ESC</KBD> +<EM>first</EM>, and then typing <KBD>k</KBD>. +Either process is known as <EM>metafying</EM> the <KBD>k</KBD> key. + +</P> +<P> +The text <KBD>M-C-k</KBD> is read as `Meta-Control-k' and describes the +character produced by <EM>metafying</EM> <KBD>C-k</KBD>. + +</P> +<P> +In addition, several keys have their own names. Specifically, +<KBD>DEL</KBD>, <KBD>ESC</KBD>, <KBD>LFD</KBD>, <KBD>SPC</KBD>, <KBD>RET</KBD>, and <KBD>TAB</KBD> all +stand for themselves when seen in this text, or in an init file +(see section <A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC9">Readline Init File</A>). +If your keyboard lacks a <KBD>LFD</KBD> key, typing <KBD>C-j</KBD> will +produce the desired character. +The <KBD>RET</KBD> key may be labeled <KBD>Return</KBD> or <KBD>Enter</KBD> on +some keyboards. + +</P> + + +<H2><A NAME="SEC3" HREF="rluserman.html#TOC3">Readline Interaction</A></H2> +<P> +<A NAME="IDX1"></A> + +</P> +<P> +Often during an interactive session you type in a long line of text, +only to notice that the first word on the line is misspelled. The +Readline library gives you a set of commands for manipulating the text +as you type it in, allowing you to just fix your typo, and not forcing +you to retype the majority of the line. Using these editing commands, +you move the cursor to the place that needs correction, and delete or +insert the text of the corrections. Then, when you are satisfied with +the line, you simply press <KBD>RET</KBD>. You do not have to be at the +end of the line to press <KBD>RET</KBD>; the entire line is accepted +regardless of the location of the cursor within the line. + +</P> + +<UL> +<LI><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC4">Readline Bare Essentials</A>: The least you need to know about Readline. +<LI><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC5">Readline Movement Commands</A>: Moving about the input line. +<LI><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC6">Readline Killing Commands</A>: How to delete text, and how to get it back! +<LI><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC7">Readline Arguments</A>: Giving numeric arguments to commands. +<LI><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC8">Searching</A>: Searching through previous lines. +</UL> + + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC4" HREF="rluserman.html#TOC4">Readline Bare Essentials</A></H3> +<P> +<A NAME="IDX2"></A> +<A NAME="IDX3"></A> +<A NAME="IDX4"></A> + +</P> +<P> +In order to enter characters into the line, simply type them. The typed +character appears where the cursor was, and then the cursor moves one +space to the right. If you mistype a character, you can use your +erase character to back up and delete the mistyped character. + +</P> +<P> +Sometimes you may mistype a character, and +not notice the error until you have typed several other characters. In +that case, you can type <KBD>C-b</KBD> to move the cursor to the left, and then +correct your mistake. Afterwards, you can move the cursor to the right +with <KBD>C-f</KBD>. + +</P> +<P> +When you add text in the middle of a line, you will notice that characters +to the right of the cursor are `pushed over' to make room for the text +that you have inserted. Likewise, when you delete text behind the cursor, +characters to the right of the cursor are `pulled back' to fill in the +blank space created by the removal of the text. A list of the bare +essentials for editing the text of an input line follows. + +</P> +<DL COMPACT> + +<DT><KBD>C-b</KBD> +<DD> +Move back one character. +<DT><KBD>C-f</KBD> +<DD> +Move forward one character. +<DT><KBD>DEL</KBD> or <KBD>Backspace</KBD> +<DD> +Delete the character to the left of the cursor. +<DT><KBD>C-d</KBD> +<DD> +Delete the character underneath the cursor. +<DT>Printing characters +<DD> +Insert the character into the line at the cursor. +<DT><KBD>C-_</KBD> or <KBD>C-x C-u</KBD> +<DD> +Undo the last editing command. You can undo all the way back to an +empty line. +</DL> + +<P> +(Depending on your configuration, the <KBD>Backspace</KBD> key be set to +delete the character to the left of the cursor and the <KBD>DEL</KBD> key set +to delete the character underneath the cursor, like <KBD>C-d</KBD>, rather +than the character to the left of the cursor.) + +</P> + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC5" HREF="rluserman.html#TOC5">Readline Movement Commands</A></H3> + +<P> +The above table describes the most basic keystrokes that you need +in order to do editing of the input line. For your convenience, many +other commands have been added in addition to <KBD>C-b</KBD>, <KBD>C-f</KBD>, +<KBD>C-d</KBD>, and <KBD>DEL</KBD>. Here are some commands for moving more rapidly +about the line. + +</P> +<DL COMPACT> + +<DT><KBD>C-a</KBD> +<DD> +Move to the start of the line. +<DT><KBD>C-e</KBD> +<DD> +Move to the end of the line. +<DT><KBD>M-f</KBD> +<DD> +Move forward a word, where a word is composed of letters and digits. +<DT><KBD>M-b</KBD> +<DD> +Move backward a word. +<DT><KBD>C-l</KBD> +<DD> +Clear the screen, reprinting the current line at the top. +</DL> + +<P> +Notice how <KBD>C-f</KBD> moves forward a character, while <KBD>M-f</KBD> moves +forward a word. It is a loose convention that control keystrokes +operate on characters while meta keystrokes operate on words. + +</P> + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC6" HREF="rluserman.html#TOC6">Readline Killing Commands</A></H3> + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX5"></A> +<A NAME="IDX6"></A> + +</P> +<P> +<EM>Killing</EM> text means to delete the text from the line, but to save +it away for later use, usually by <EM>yanking</EM> (re-inserting) +it back into the line. +(`Cut' and `paste' are more recent jargon for `kill' and `yank'.) + +</P> +<P> +If the description for a command says that it `kills' text, then you can +be sure that you can get the text back in a different (or the same) +place later. + +</P> +<P> +When you use a kill command, the text is saved in a <EM>kill-ring</EM>. +Any number of consecutive kills save all of the killed text together, so +that when you yank it back, you get it all. The kill +ring is not line specific; the text that you killed on a previously +typed line is available to be yanked back later, when you are typing +another line. +<A NAME="IDX7"></A> + +</P> +<P> +Here is the list of commands for killing text. + +</P> +<DL COMPACT> + +<DT><KBD>C-k</KBD> +<DD> +Kill the text from the current cursor position to the end of the line. + +<DT><KBD>M-d</KBD> +<DD> +Kill from the cursor to the end of the current word, or, if between +words, to the end of the next word. +Word boundaries are the same as those used by <KBD>M-f</KBD>. + +<DT><KBD>M-<KBD>DEL</KBD></KBD> +<DD> +Kill from the cursor the start of the previous word, or, if between +words, to the start of the previous word. +Word boundaries are the same as those used by <KBD>M-b</KBD>. + +<DT><KBD>C-w</KBD> +<DD> +Kill from the cursor to the previous whitespace. This is different than +<KBD>M-<KBD>DEL</KBD></KBD> because the word boundaries differ. + +</DL> + +<P> +Here is how to <EM>yank</EM> the text back into the line. Yanking +means to copy the most-recently-killed text from the kill buffer. + +</P> +<DL COMPACT> + +<DT><KBD>C-y</KBD> +<DD> +Yank the most recently killed text back into the buffer at the cursor. + +<DT><KBD>M-y</KBD> +<DD> +Rotate the kill-ring, and yank the new top. You can only do this if +the prior command is <KBD>C-y</KBD> or <KBD>M-y</KBD>. +</DL> + + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC7" HREF="rluserman.html#TOC7">Readline Arguments</A></H3> + +<P> +You can pass numeric arguments to Readline commands. Sometimes the +argument acts as a repeat count, other times it is the <I>sign</I> of the +argument that is significant. If you pass a negative argument to a +command which normally acts in a forward direction, that command will +act in a backward direction. For example, to kill text back to the +start of the line, you might type <SAMP>`M-- C-k'</SAMP>. + +</P> +<P> +The general way to pass numeric arguments to a command is to type meta +digits before the command. If the first `digit' typed is a minus +sign (<SAMP>`-'</SAMP>), then the sign of the argument will be negative. Once +you have typed one meta digit to get the argument started, you can type +the remainder of the digits, and then the command. For example, to give +the <KBD>C-d</KBD> command an argument of 10, you could type <SAMP>`M-1 0 C-d'</SAMP>, +which will delete the next ten characters on the input line. + +</P> + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC8" HREF="rluserman.html#TOC8">Searching for Commands in the History</A></H3> + +<P> +Readline provides commands for searching through the command history +for lines containing a specified string. +There are two search modes: <EM>incremental</EM> and <EM>non-incremental</EM>. + +</P> +<P> +Incremental searches begin before the user has finished typing the +search string. +As each character of the search string is typed, Readline displays +the next entry from the history matching the string typed so far. +An incremental search requires only as many characters as needed to +find the desired history entry. +To search backward in the history for a particular string, type +<KBD>C-r</KBD>. Typing <KBD>C-s</KBD> searches forward through the history. +The characters present in the value of the <CODE>isearch-terminators</CODE> variable +are used to terminate an incremental search. +If that variable has not been assigned a value, the <KBD>ESC</KBD> and +<KBD>C-J</KBD> characters will terminate an incremental search. +<KBD>C-g</KBD> will abort an incremental search and restore the original line. +When the search is terminated, the history entry containing the +search string becomes the current line. + +</P> +<P> +To find other matching entries in the history list, type <KBD>C-r</KBD> or +<KBD>C-s</KBD> as appropriate. +This will search backward or forward in the history for the next +entry matching the search string typed so far. +Any other key sequence bound to a Readline command will terminate +the search and execute that command. +For instance, a <KBD>RET</KBD> will terminate the search and accept +the line, thereby executing the command from the history list. +A movement command will terminate the search, make the last line found +the current line, and begin editing. + +</P> +<P> +Non-incremental searches read the entire search string before starting +to search for matching history lines. The search string may be +typed by the user or be part of the contents of the current line. + +</P> + + +<H2><A NAME="SEC9" HREF="rluserman.html#TOC9">Readline Init File</A></H2> +<P> +<A NAME="IDX8"></A> + +</P> +<P> +Although the Readline library comes with a set of Emacs-like +keybindings installed by default, it is possible to use a different set +of keybindings. +Any user can customize programs that use Readline by putting +commands in an <EM>inputrc</EM> file, conventionally in his home directory. +The name of this +file is taken from the value of the environment variable @env{INPUTRC}. If +that variable is unset, the default is <TT>`~/.inputrc'</TT>. + +</P> +<P> +When a program which uses the Readline library starts up, the +init file is read, and the key bindings are set. + +</P> +<P> +In addition, the <CODE>C-x C-r</CODE> command re-reads this init file, thus +incorporating any changes that you might have made to it. + +</P> + +<UL> +<LI><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC10">Readline Init File Syntax</A>: Syntax for the commands in the inputrc file. + +<LI><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC11">Conditional Init Constructs</A>: Conditional key bindings in the inputrc file. + +<LI><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC12">Sample Init File</A>: An example inputrc file. +</UL> + + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC10" HREF="rluserman.html#TOC10">Readline Init File Syntax</A></H3> + +<P> +There are only a few basic constructs allowed in the +Readline init file. Blank lines are ignored. +Lines beginning with a <SAMP>`#'</SAMP> are comments. +Lines beginning with a <SAMP>`$'</SAMP> indicate conditional +constructs (see section <A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC11">Conditional Init Constructs</A>). Other lines +denote variable settings and key bindings. + +</P> +<DL COMPACT> + +<DT>Variable Settings +<DD> +You can modify the run-time behavior of Readline by +altering the values of variables in Readline +using the <CODE>set</CODE> command within the init file. Here is how to +change from the default Emacs-like key binding to use +<CODE>vi</CODE> line editing commands: + + +<PRE> +set editing-mode vi +</PRE> + +A great deal of run-time behavior is changeable with the following +variables. + +<DL COMPACT> + +<DT><CODE>bell-style</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX9"></A> +Controls what happens when Readline wants to ring the terminal bell. +If set to <SAMP>`none'</SAMP>, Readline never rings the bell. If set to +<SAMP>`visible'</SAMP>, Readline uses a visible bell if one is available. +If set to <SAMP>`audible'</SAMP> (the default), Readline attempts to ring +the terminal's bell. + +<DT><CODE>comment-begin</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX10"></A> +The string to insert at the beginning of the line when the +<CODE>insert-comment</CODE> command is executed. The default value +is <CODE>"#"</CODE>. + +<DT><CODE>completion-ignore-case</CODE> +<DD> +If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline performs filename matching and completion +in a case-insensitive fashion. +The default value is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. + +<DT><CODE>completion-query-items</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX11"></A> +The number of possible completions that determines when the user is +asked whether he wants to see the list of possibilities. If the +number of possible completions is greater than this value, +Readline will ask the user whether or not he wishes to view +them; otherwise, they are simply listed. +This variable must be set to an integer value greater than or equal to 0. +The default limit is <CODE>100</CODE>. + +<DT><CODE>convert-meta</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX12"></A> +If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will convert characters with the +eighth bit set to an ASCII key sequence by stripping the eighth +bit and prefixing an <KBD>ESC</KBD> character, converting them to a +meta-prefixed key sequence. The default value is <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>. + +<DT><CODE>disable-completion</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX13"></A> +If set to <SAMP>`On'</SAMP>, Readline will inhibit word completion. +Completion characters will be inserted into the line as if they had +been mapped to <CODE>self-insert</CODE>. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. + +<DT><CODE>editing-mode</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX14"></A> +The <CODE>editing-mode</CODE> variable controls which default set of +key bindings is used. By default, Readline starts up in Emacs editing +mode, where the keystrokes are most similar to Emacs. This variable can be +set to either <SAMP>`emacs'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`vi'</SAMP>. + +<DT><CODE>enable-keypad</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX15"></A> +When set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will try to enable the application +keypad when it is called. Some systems need this to enable the +arrow keys. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. + +<DT><CODE>expand-tilde</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX16"></A> +If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, tilde expansion is performed when Readline +attempts word completion. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. + +<DT><CODE>horizontal-scroll-mode</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX17"></A> +This variable can be set to either <SAMP>`on'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. Setting it +to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP> means that the text of the lines being edited will scroll +horizontally on a single screen line when they are longer than the width +of the screen, instead of wrapping onto a new screen line. By default, +this variable is set to <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. + +<DT><CODE>input-meta</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX18"></A> +<A NAME="IDX19"></A> +If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will enable eight-bit input (it +will not clear the eighth bit in the characters it reads), +regardless of what the terminal claims it can support. The +default value is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. The name <CODE>meta-flag</CODE> is a +synonym for this variable. + +<DT><CODE>isearch-terminators</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX20"></A> +The string of characters that should terminate an incremental search without +subsequently executing the character as a command (see section <A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC8">Searching for Commands in the History</A>). +If this variable has not been given a value, the characters <KBD>ESC</KBD> and +<KBD>C-J</KBD> will terminate an incremental search. + +<DT><CODE>keymap</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX21"></A> +Sets Readline's idea of the current keymap for key binding commands. +Acceptable <CODE>keymap</CODE> names are +<CODE>emacs</CODE>, +<CODE>emacs-standard</CODE>, +<CODE>emacs-meta</CODE>, +<CODE>emacs-ctlx</CODE>, +<CODE>vi</CODE>, +<CODE>vi-move</CODE>, +<CODE>vi-command</CODE>, and +<CODE>vi-insert</CODE>. +<CODE>vi</CODE> is equivalent to <CODE>vi-command</CODE>; <CODE>emacs</CODE> is +equivalent to <CODE>emacs-standard</CODE>. The default value is <CODE>emacs</CODE>. +The value of the <CODE>editing-mode</CODE> variable also affects the +default keymap. + +<DT><CODE>mark-directories</CODE> +<DD> +If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, completed directory names have a slash +appended. The default is <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>. + +<DT><CODE>mark-modified-lines</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX22"></A> +This variable, when set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, causes Readline to display an +asterisk (<SAMP>`*'</SAMP>) at the start of history lines which have been modified. +This variable is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP> by default. + +<DT><CODE>output-meta</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX23"></A> +If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will display characters with the +eighth bit set directly rather than as a meta-prefixed escape +sequence. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. + +<DT><CODE>print-completions-horizontally</CODE> +<DD> +If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will display completions with matches +sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down the screen. +The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. + +<DT><CODE>show-all-if-ambiguous</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX24"></A> +This alters the default behavior of the completion functions. If +set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, +words which have more than one possible completion cause the +matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell. +The default value is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. + +<DT><CODE>visible-stats</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX25"></A> +If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, a character denoting a file's type +is appended to the filename when listing possible +completions. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. + +</DL> + +<DT>Key Bindings +<DD> +The syntax for controlling key bindings in the init file is +simple. First you need to find the name of the command that you +want to change. The following sections contain tables of the command +name, the default keybinding, if any, and a short description of what +the command does. + +Once you know the name of the command, simply place on a line +in the init file the name of the key +you wish to bind the command to, a colon, and then the name of the +command. The name of the key +can be expressed in different ways, depending on what you find most +comfortable. + +<DL COMPACT> + +<DT><VAR>keyname</VAR>: <VAR>function-name</VAR> or <VAR>macro</VAR> +<DD> +<VAR>keyname</VAR> is the name of a key spelled out in English. For example: + +<PRE> +Control-u: universal-argument +Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word +Control-o: "> output" +</PRE> + +In the above example, <KBD>C-u</KBD> is bound to the function +<CODE>universal-argument</CODE>, +<KBD>M-DEL</KBD> is bound to the function <CODE>backward-kill-word</CODE>, and +<KBD>C-o</KBD> is bound to run the macro +expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the text +<SAMP>`> output'</SAMP> into the line). + +A number of symbolic character names are recognized while +processing this key binding syntax: +<VAR>DEL</VAR>, +<VAR>ESC</VAR>, +<VAR>ESCAPE</VAR>, +<VAR>LFD</VAR>, +<VAR>NEWLINE</VAR>, +<VAR>RET</VAR>, +<VAR>RETURN</VAR>, +<VAR>RUBOUT</VAR>, +<VAR>SPACE</VAR>, +<VAR>SPC</VAR>, +and +<VAR>TAB</VAR>. + +<DT>"<VAR>keyseq</VAR>": <VAR>function-name</VAR> or <VAR>macro</VAR> +<DD> +<VAR>keyseq</VAR> differs from <VAR>keyname</VAR> above in that strings +denoting an entire key sequence can be specified, by placing +the key sequence in double quotes. Some GNU Emacs style key +escapes can be used, as in the following example, but the +special character names are not recognized. + + +<PRE> +"\C-u": universal-argument +"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file +"\e[11~": "Function Key 1" +</PRE> + +In the above example, <KBD>C-u</KBD> is again bound to the function +<CODE>universal-argument</CODE> (just as it was in the first example), +<SAMP>`<KBD>C-x</KBD> <KBD>C-r</KBD>'</SAMP> is bound to the function <CODE>re-read-init-file</CODE>, +and <SAMP>`<KBD>ESC</KBD> <KBD>[</KBD> <KBD>1</KBD> <KBD>1</KBD> <KBD>~</KBD>'</SAMP> is bound to insert +the text <SAMP>`Function Key 1'</SAMP>. + +</DL> + +The following GNU Emacs style escape sequences are available when +specifying key sequences: + +<DL COMPACT> + +<DT><CODE><KBD>\C-</KBD></CODE> +<DD> +control prefix +<DT><CODE><KBD>\M-</KBD></CODE> +<DD> +meta prefix +<DT><CODE><KBD>\e</KBD></CODE> +<DD> +an escape character +<DT><CODE><KBD>\\</KBD></CODE> +<DD> +backslash +<DT><CODE><KBD>\"</KBD></CODE> +<DD> +<KBD>"</KBD>, a double quotation mark +<DT><CODE><KBD>\'</KBD></CODE> +<DD> +<KBD>'</KBD>, a single quote or apostrophe +</DL> + +In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second +set of backslash escapes is available: + +<DL COMPACT> + +<DT><CODE>\a</CODE> +<DD> +alert (bell) +<DT><CODE>\b</CODE> +<DD> +backspace +<DT><CODE>\d</CODE> +<DD> +delete +<DT><CODE>\f</CODE> +<DD> +form feed +<DT><CODE>\n</CODE> +<DD> +newline +<DT><CODE>\r</CODE> +<DD> +carriage return +<DT><CODE>\t</CODE> +<DD> +horizontal tab +<DT><CODE>\v</CODE> +<DD> +vertical tab +<DT><CODE>\<VAR>nnn</VAR></CODE> +<DD> +the character whose ASCII code is the octal value <VAR>nnn</VAR> +(one to three digits) +<DT><CODE>\x<VAR>nnn</VAR></CODE> +<DD> +the character whose ASCII code is the hexadecimal value <VAR>nnn</VAR> +(one to three digits) +</DL> + +When entering the text of a macro, single or double quotes must +be used to indicate a macro definition. +Unquoted text is assumed to be a function name. +In the macro body, the backslash escapes described above are expanded. +Backslash will quote any other character in the macro text, +including <SAMP>`"'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`''</SAMP>. +For example, the following binding will make <SAMP>`<KBD>C-x</KBD> \'</SAMP> +insert a single <SAMP>`\'</SAMP> into the line: + +<PRE> +"\C-x\\": "\\" +</PRE> + +</DL> + + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC11" HREF="rluserman.html#TOC11">Conditional Init Constructs</A></H3> + +<P> +Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional +compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key +bindings and variable settings to be performed as the result +of tests. There are four parser directives used. + +</P> +<DL COMPACT> + +<DT><CODE>$if</CODE> +<DD> +The <CODE>$if</CODE> construct allows bindings to be made based on the +editing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using +Readline. The text of the test extends to the end of the line; +no characters are required to isolate it. + +<DL COMPACT> + +<DT><CODE>mode</CODE> +<DD> +The <CODE>mode=</CODE> form of the <CODE>$if</CODE> directive is used to test +whether Readline is in <CODE>emacs</CODE> or <CODE>vi</CODE> mode. +This may be used in conjunction +with the <SAMP>`set keymap'</SAMP> command, for instance, to set bindings in +the <CODE>emacs-standard</CODE> and <CODE>emacs-ctlx</CODE> keymaps only if +Readline is starting out in <CODE>emacs</CODE> mode. + +<DT><CODE>term</CODE> +<DD> +The <CODE>term=</CODE> form may be used to include terminal-specific +key bindings, perhaps to bind the key sequences output by the +terminal's function keys. The word on the right side of the +<SAMP>`='</SAMP> is tested against both the full name of the terminal and +the portion of the terminal name before the first <SAMP>`-'</SAMP>. This +allows <CODE>sun</CODE> to match both <CODE>sun</CODE> and <CODE>sun-cmd</CODE>, +for instance. + +<DT><CODE>application</CODE> +<DD> +The <VAR>application</VAR> construct is used to include +application-specific settings. Each program using the Readline +library sets the <VAR>application name</VAR>, and you can test for it. +This could be used to bind key sequences to functions useful for +a specific program. For instance, the following command adds a +key sequence that quotes the current or previous word in Bash: + +<PRE> +$if Bash +# Quote the current or previous word +"\C-xq": "\eb\"\ef\"" +$endif +</PRE> + +</DL> + +<DT><CODE>$endif</CODE> +<DD> +This command, as seen in the previous example, terminates an +<CODE>$if</CODE> command. + +<DT><CODE>$else</CODE> +<DD> +Commands in this branch of the <CODE>$if</CODE> directive are executed if +the test fails. + +<DT><CODE>$include</CODE> +<DD> +This directive takes a single filename as an argument and reads commands +and bindings from that file. + +<PRE> +$include /etc/inputrc +</PRE> + +</DL> + + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC12" HREF="rluserman.html#TOC12">Sample Init File</A></H3> + +<P> +Here is an example of an <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file. This illustrates key +binding, variable assignment, and conditional syntax. + +</P> + +<PRE> +# This file controls the behaviour of line input editing for +# programs that use the Gnu Readline library. Existing programs +# include FTP, Bash, and Gdb. +# +# You can re-read the inputrc file with C-x C-r. +# Lines beginning with '#' are comments. +# +# First, include any systemwide bindings and variable assignments from +# /etc/Inputrc +$include /etc/Inputrc + +# +# Set various bindings for emacs mode. + +set editing-mode emacs + +$if mode=emacs + +Meta-Control-h: backward-kill-word Text after the function name is ignored + +# +# Arrow keys in keypad mode +# +#"\M-OD": backward-char +#"\M-OC": forward-char +#"\M-OA": previous-history +#"\M-OB": next-history +# +# Arrow keys in ANSI mode +# +"\M-[D": backward-char +"\M-[C": forward-char +"\M-[A": previous-history +"\M-[B": next-history +# +# Arrow keys in 8 bit keypad mode +# +#"\M-\C-OD": backward-char +#"\M-\C-OC": forward-char +#"\M-\C-OA": previous-history +#"\M-\C-OB": next-history +# +# Arrow keys in 8 bit ANSI mode +# +#"\M-\C-[D": backward-char +#"\M-\C-[C": forward-char +#"\M-\C-[A": previous-history +#"\M-\C-[B": next-history + +C-q: quoted-insert + +$endif + +# An old-style binding. This happens to be the default. +TAB: complete + +# Macros that are convenient for shell interaction +$if Bash +# edit the path +"\C-xp": "PATH=${PATH}\e\C-e\C-a\ef\C-f" +# prepare to type a quoted word -- insert open and close double quotes +# and move to just after the open quote +"\C-x\"": "\"\"\C-b" +# insert a backslash (testing backslash escapes in sequences and macros) +"\C-x\\": "\\" +# Quote the current or previous word +"\C-xq": "\eb\"\ef\"" +# Add a binding to refresh the line, which is unbound +"\C-xr": redraw-current-line +# Edit variable on current line. +"\M-\C-v": "\C-a\C-k$\C-y\M-\C-e\C-a\C-y=" +$endif + +# use a visible bell if one is available +set bell-style visible + +# don't strip characters to 7 bits when reading +set input-meta on + +# allow iso-latin1 characters to be inserted rather than converted to +# prefix-meta sequences +set convert-meta off + +# display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than +# as meta-prefixed characters +set output-meta on + +# if there are more than 150 possible completions for a word, ask the +# user if he wants to see all of them +set completion-query-items 150 + +# For FTP +$if Ftp +"\C-xg": "get \M-?" +"\C-xt": "put \M-?" +"\M-.": yank-last-arg +$endif +</PRE> + + + +<H2><A NAME="SEC13" HREF="rluserman.html#TOC13">Bindable Readline Commands</A></H2> + + +<UL> +<LI><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC14">Commands For Moving</A>: Moving about the line. +<LI><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC15">Commands For History</A>: Getting at previous lines. +<LI><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC16">Commands For Text</A>: Commands for changing text. +<LI><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC17">Commands For Killing</A>: Commands for killing and yanking. +<LI><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC18">Numeric Arguments</A>: Specifying numeric arguments, repeat counts. +<LI><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC19">Commands For Completion</A>: Getting Readline to do the typing for you. +<LI><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC20">Keyboard Macros</A>: Saving and re-executing typed characters +<LI><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC21">Miscellaneous Commands</A>: Other miscellaneous commands. +</UL> + +<P> +This section describes Readline commands that may be bound to key +sequences. + +</P> +<P> +Command names without an accompanying key sequence are unbound by default. +In the following descriptions, <EM>point</EM> refers to the current cursor +position, and <EM>mark</EM> refers to a cursor position saved by the +<CODE>set-mark</CODE> command. +The text between the point and mark is referred to as the <EM>region</EM>. + +</P> + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC14" HREF="rluserman.html#TOC14">Commands For Moving</A></H3> +<DL COMPACT> + +<DT><CODE>beginning-of-line (C-a)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX26"></A> +Move to the start of the current line. + +<DT><CODE>end-of-line (C-e)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX27"></A> +Move to the end of the line. + +<DT><CODE>forward-char (C-f)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX28"></A> +Move forward a character. + +<DT><CODE>backward-char (C-b)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX29"></A> +Move back a character. + +<DT><CODE>forward-word (M-f)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX30"></A> +Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are composed of +letters and digits. + +<DT><CODE>backward-word (M-b)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX31"></A> +Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words are +composed of letters and digits. + +<DT><CODE>clear-screen (C-l)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX32"></A> +Clear the screen and redraw the current line, +leaving the current line at the top of the screen. + +<DT><CODE>redraw-current-line ()</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX33"></A> +Refresh the current line. By default, this is unbound. + +</DL> + + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC15" HREF="rluserman.html#TOC15">Commands For Manipulating The History</A></H3> + +<DL COMPACT> + +<DT><CODE>accept-line (Newline or Return)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX34"></A> +Accept the line regardless of where the cursor is. +If this line is +non-empty, it may be added to the history list for future recall with +<CODE>add_history()</CODE>. +If this line is a modified history line, then restore the history line +to its original state. + +<DT><CODE>previous-history (C-p)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX35"></A> +Move `up' through the history list. + +<DT><CODE>next-history (C-n)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX36"></A> +Move `down' through the history list. + +<DT><CODE>beginning-of-history (M-<)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX37"></A> +Move to the first line in the history. + +<DT><CODE>end-of-history (M->)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX38"></A> +Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently +being entered. + +<DT><CODE>reverse-search-history (C-r)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX39"></A> +Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up' through +the history as necessary. This is an incremental search. + +<DT><CODE>forward-search-history (C-s)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX40"></A> +Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down' through +the the history as necessary. This is an incremental search. + +<DT><CODE>non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX41"></A> +Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up' +through the history as necessary using a non-incremental search +for a string supplied by the user. + +<DT><CODE>non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX42"></A> +Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down' +through the the history as necessary using a non-incremental search +for a string supplied by the user. + +<DT><CODE>history-search-forward ()</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX43"></A> +Search forward through the history for the string of characters +between the start of the current line and the point. +This is a non-incremental search. +By default, this command is unbound. + +<DT><CODE>history-search-backward ()</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX44"></A> +Search backward through the history for the string of characters +between the start of the current line and the point. This +is a non-incremental search. By default, this command is unbound. + +<DT><CODE>yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX45"></A> +Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually +the second word on the previous line). With an argument <VAR>n</VAR>, +insert the <VAR>n</VAR>th word from the previous command (the words +in the previous command begin with word 0). A negative argument +inserts the <VAR>n</VAR>th word from the end of the previous command. + +<DT><CODE>yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX46"></A> +Insert last argument to the previous command (the last word of the +previous history entry). With an +argument, behave exactly like <CODE>yank-nth-arg</CODE>. +Successive calls to <CODE>yank-last-arg</CODE> move back through the history +list, inserting the last argument of each line in turn. + +</DL> + + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC16" HREF="rluserman.html#TOC16">Commands For Changing Text</A></H3> + +<DL COMPACT> + +<DT><CODE>delete-char (C-d)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX47"></A> +Delete the character under the cursor. If the cursor is at the +beginning of the line, there are no characters in the line, and +the last character typed was not bound to <CODE>delete-char</CODE>, then +return EOF. + +<DT><CODE>backward-delete-char (Rubout)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX48"></A> +Delete the character behind the cursor. A numeric argument means +to kill the characters instead of deleting them. + +<DT><CODE>forward-backward-delete-char ()</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX49"></A> +Delete the character under the cursor, unless the cursor is at the +end of the line, in which case the character behind the cursor is +deleted. By default, this is not bound to a key. + +<DT><CODE>quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX50"></A> +Add the next character typed to the line verbatim. This is +how to insert key sequences like <KBD>C-q</KBD>, for example. + +<DT><CODE>tab-insert (M-<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX51"></A> +Insert a tab character. + +<DT><CODE>self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, ...)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX52"></A> +Insert yourself. + +<DT><CODE>transpose-chars (C-t)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX53"></A> +Drag the character before the cursor forward over +the character at the cursor, moving the +cursor forward as well. If the insertion point +is at the end of the line, then this +transposes the last two characters of the line. +Negative arguments have no effect. + +<DT><CODE>transpose-words (M-t)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX54"></A> +Drag the word before point past the word after point, +moving point past that word as well. + +<DT><CODE>upcase-word (M-u)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX55"></A> +Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, +uppercase the previous word, but do not move the cursor. + +<DT><CODE>downcase-word (M-l)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX56"></A> +Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, +lowercase the previous word, but do not move the cursor. + +<DT><CODE>capitalize-word (M-c)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX57"></A> +Capitalize the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, +capitalize the previous word, but do not move the cursor. + +</DL> + + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC17" HREF="rluserman.html#TOC17">Killing And Yanking</A></H3> + +<DL COMPACT> + +<DT><CODE>kill-line (C-k)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX58"></A> +Kill the text from point to the end of the line. + +<DT><CODE>backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX59"></A> +Kill backward to the beginning of the line. + +<DT><CODE>unix-line-discard (C-u)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX60"></A> +Kill backward from the cursor to the beginning of the current line. + +<DT><CODE>kill-whole-line ()</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX61"></A> +Kill all characters on the current line, no matter point is. +By default, this is unbound. + +<DT><CODE>kill-word (M-d)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX62"></A> +Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between +words, to the end of the next word. +Word boundaries are the same as <CODE>forward-word</CODE>. + +<DT><CODE>backward-kill-word (M-<KBD>DEL</KBD>)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX63"></A> +Kill the word behind point. +Word boundaries are the same as <CODE>backward-word</CODE>. + +<DT><CODE>unix-word-rubout (C-w)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX64"></A> +Kill the word behind point, using white space as a word boundary. +The killed text is saved on the kill-ring. + +<DT><CODE>delete-horizontal-space ()</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX65"></A> +Delete all spaces and tabs around point. By default, this is unbound. + +<DT><CODE>kill-region ()</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX66"></A> +Kill the text in the current region. +By default, this command is unbound. + +<DT><CODE>copy-region-as-kill ()</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX67"></A> +Copy the text in the region to the kill buffer, so it can be yanked +right away. By default, this command is unbound. + +<DT><CODE>copy-backward-word ()</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX68"></A> +Copy the word before point to the kill buffer. +The word boundaries are the same as <CODE>backward-word</CODE>. +By default, this command is unbound. + +<DT><CODE>copy-forward-word ()</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX69"></A> +Copy the word following point to the kill buffer. +The word boundaries are the same as <CODE>forward-word</CODE>. +By default, this command is unbound. + +<DT><CODE>yank (C-y)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX70"></A> +Yank the top of the kill ring into the buffer at the current +cursor position. + +<DT><CODE>yank-pop (M-y)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX71"></A> +Rotate the kill-ring, and yank the new top. You can only do this if +the prior command is <CODE>yank</CODE> or <CODE>yank-pop</CODE>. +</DL> + + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC18" HREF="rluserman.html#TOC18">Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></H3> +<DL COMPACT> + +<DT><CODE>digit-argument (<KBD>M-0</KBD>, <KBD>M-1</KBD>, ... <KBD>M--</KBD>)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX72"></A> +Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a new +argument. <KBD>M--</KBD> starts a negative argument. + +<DT><CODE>universal-argument ()</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX73"></A> +This is another way to specify an argument. +If this command is followed by one or more digits, optionally with a +leading minus sign, those digits define the argument. +If the command is followed by digits, executing <CODE>universal-argument</CODE> +again ends the numeric argument, but is otherwise ignored. +As a special case, if this command is immediately followed by a +character that is neither a digit or minus sign, the argument count +for the next command is multiplied by four. +The argument count is initially one, so executing this function the +first time makes the argument count four, a second time makes the +argument count sixteen, and so on. +By default, this is not bound to a key. +</DL> + + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC19" HREF="rluserman.html#TOC19">Letting Readline Type For You</A></H3> + +<DL COMPACT> + +<DT><CODE>complete (<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX74"></A> +Attempt to perform completion on the text before point. +The actual completion performed is application-specific. +The default is filename completion. + +<DT><CODE>possible-completions (M-?)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX75"></A> +List the possible completions of the text before the cursor. + +<DT><CODE>insert-completions (M-*)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX76"></A> +Insert all completions of the text before point that would have +been generated by <CODE>possible-completions</CODE>. + +<DT><CODE>menu-complete ()</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX77"></A> +Similar to <CODE>complete</CODE>, but replaces the word to be completed +with a single match from the list of possible completions. +Repeated execution of <CODE>menu-complete</CODE> steps through the list +of possible completions, inserting each match in turn. +At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung and the +original text is restored. +An argument of <VAR>n</VAR> moves <VAR>n</VAR> positions forward in the list +of matches; a negative argument may be used to move backward +through the list. +This command is intended to be bound to <KBD>TAB</KBD>, but is unbound +by default. + +<DT><CODE>delete-char-or-list ()</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX78"></A> +Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the beginning or +end of the line (like <CODE>delete-char</CODE>). +If at the end of the line, behaves identically to +<CODE>possible-completions</CODE>. +This command is unbound by default. + +</DL> + + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC20" HREF="rluserman.html#TOC20">Keyboard Macros</A></H3> +<DL COMPACT> + +<DT><CODE>start-kbd-macro (C-x ()</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX79"></A> +Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro. + +<DT><CODE>end-kbd-macro (C-x ))</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX80"></A> +Stop saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro +and save the definition. + +<DT><CODE>call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX81"></A> +Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the characters +in the macro appear as if typed at the keyboard. + +</DL> + + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC21" HREF="rluserman.html#TOC21">Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></H3> +<DL COMPACT> + +<DT><CODE>re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX82"></A> +Read in the contents of the <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file, and incorporate +any bindings or variable assignments found there. + +<DT><CODE>abort (C-g)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX83"></A> +Abort the current editing command and +ring the terminal's bell (subject to the setting of +<CODE>bell-style</CODE>). + +<DT><CODE>do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-<VAR>x</VAR>, ...)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX84"></A> +If the metafied character <VAR>x</VAR> is lowercase, run the command +that is bound to the corresponding uppercase character. + +<DT><CODE>prefix-meta (<KBD>ESC</KBD>)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX85"></A> +Make the next character typed be metafied. This is for keyboards +without a meta key. Typing <SAMP>`<KBD>ESC</KBD> f'</SAMP> is equivalent to typing +<KBD>M-f</KBD>. + +<DT><CODE>undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX86"></A> +Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line. + +<DT><CODE>revert-line (M-r)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX87"></A> +Undo all changes made to this line. This is like executing the <CODE>undo</CODE> +command enough times to get back to the beginning. + +<DT><CODE>tilde-expand (M-~)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX88"></A> +Perform tilde expansion on the current word. + +<DT><CODE>set-mark (C-@)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX89"></A> +Set the mark to the current point. If a +numeric argument is supplied, the mark is set to that position. + +<DT><CODE>exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX90"></A> +Swap the point with the mark. The current cursor position is set to +the saved position, and the old cursor position is saved as the mark. + +<DT><CODE>character-search (C-])</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX91"></A> +A character is read and point is moved to the next occurrence of that +character. A negative count searches for previous occurrences. + +<DT><CODE>character-search-backward (M-C-])</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX92"></A> +A character is read and point is moved to the previous occurrence +of that character. A negative count searches for subsequent +occurrences. + +<DT><CODE>insert-comment (M-#)</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX93"></A> +The value of the <CODE>comment-begin</CODE> +variable is inserted at the beginning of the current line, +and the line is accepted as if a newline had been typed. + +<DT><CODE>dump-functions ()</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX94"></A> +Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the +Readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, +the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part +of an <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file. This command is unbound by default. + +<DT><CODE>dump-variables ()</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX95"></A> +Print all of the settable variables and their values to the +Readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, +the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part +of an <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file. This command is unbound by default. + +<DT><CODE>dump-macros ()</CODE> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX96"></A> +Print all of the Readline key sequences bound to macros and the +strings they output. If a numeric argument is supplied, +the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part +of an <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file. This command is unbound by default. + +</DL> + + + +<H2><A NAME="SEC22" HREF="rluserman.html#TOC22">Readline vi Mode</A></H2> + +<P> +While the Readline library does not have a full set of <CODE>vi</CODE> +editing functions, it does contain enough to allow simple editing +of the line. The Readline <CODE>vi</CODE> mode behaves as specified in +the POSIX 1003.2 standard. + +</P> +<P> +In order to switch interactively between <CODE>emacs</CODE> and <CODE>vi</CODE> +editing modes, use the command <KBD>M-C-j</KBD> (toggle-editing-mode). +The Readline default is <CODE>emacs</CODE> mode. + +</P> +<P> +When you enter a line in <CODE>vi</CODE> mode, you are already placed in +`insertion' mode, as if you had typed an <SAMP>`i'</SAMP>. Pressing <KBD>ESC</KBD> +switches you into `command' mode, where you can edit the text of the +line with the standard <CODE>vi</CODE> movement keys, move to previous +history lines with <SAMP>`k'</SAMP> and subsequent lines with <SAMP>`j'</SAMP>, and +so forth. + +</P> + +<P><HR><P> +This document was generated on 5 Febuary 2001 using the +<A HREF="http://wwwinfo.cern.ch/dis/texi2html/">texi2html</A> +translator version 1.52.</P> +</BODY> +</HTML>
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000 +++ b/readline/doc/rluserman.info Sat Feb 10 05:13:25 2001 +0000 @@ -0,0 +1,1194 @@ +This is rluserman.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.0 from +/usr/homes/chet/src/bash/readline-src/doc/rluserman.texinfo. + +INFO-DIR-SECTION Libraries +START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY +* RLuserman: (rluserman). The GNU readline library User's Manual. +END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY + + This document describes the end user interface of the GNU Readline +Library, a utility which aids in the consistency of user interface +across discrete programs that need to provide a command line interface. + + Copyright (C) 1988-2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + + Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this +manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice pare +preserved on all copies. + + Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of +this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that +the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a +permission notice identical to this one. + + Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this +manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified +versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a +translation approved by the Free Software Foundation. + + +File: rluserman.info, Node: Top, Next: Command Line Editing, Up: (dir) + +GNU Readline Library +******************** + + This document describes the end user interface of the GNU Readline +Library, a utility which aids in the consistency of user interface +across discrete programs that need to provide a command line interface. + +* Menu: + +* Command Line Editing:: GNU Readline User's Manual. + + +File: rluserman.info, Node: Command Line Editing, Prev: Top, Up: Top + +Command Line Editing +******************** + + This chapter describes the basic features of the GNU command line +editing interface. + +* Menu: + +* Introduction and Notation:: Notation used in this text. +* Readline Interaction:: The minimum set of commands for editing a line. +* Readline Init File:: Customizing Readline from a user's view. +* Bindable Readline Commands:: A description of most of the Readline commands + available for binding +* Readline vi Mode:: A short description of how to make Readline + behave like the vi editor. + + +File: rluserman.info, Node: Introduction and Notation, Next: Readline Interaction, Up: Command Line Editing + +Introduction to Line Editing +============================ + + The following paragraphs describe the notation used to represent +keystrokes. + + The text `C-k' is read as `Control-K' and describes the character +produced when the <k> key is pressed while the Control key is depressed. + + The text `M-k' is read as `Meta-K' and describes the character +produced when the Meta key (if you have one) is depressed, and the <k> +key is pressed. The Meta key is labeled <ALT> on many keyboards. On +keyboards with two keys labeled <ALT> (usually to either side of the +space bar), the <ALT> on the left side is generally set to work as a +Meta key. The <ALT> key on the right may also be configured to work as +a Meta key or may be configured as some other modifier, such as a +Compose key for typing accented characters. + + If you do not have a Meta or <ALT> key, or another key working as a +Meta key, the identical keystroke can be generated by typing <ESC> +_first_, and then typing <k>. Either process is known as "metafying" +the <k> key. + + The text `M-C-k' is read as `Meta-Control-k' and describes the +character produced by "metafying" `C-k'. + + In addition, several keys have their own names. Specifically, +<DEL>, <ESC>, <LFD>, <SPC>, <RET>, and <TAB> all stand for themselves +when seen in this text, or in an init file (*note Readline Init File::). +If your keyboard lacks a <LFD> key, typing <C-j> will produce the +desired character. The <RET> key may be labeled <Return> or <Enter> on +some keyboards. + + +File: rluserman.info, Node: Readline Interaction, Next: Readline Init File, Prev: Introduction and Notation, Up: Command Line Editing + +Readline Interaction +==================== + + Often during an interactive session you type in a long line of text, +only to notice that the first word on the line is misspelled. The +Readline library gives you a set of commands for manipulating the text +as you type it in, allowing you to just fix your typo, and not forcing +you to retype the majority of the line. Using these editing commands, +you move the cursor to the place that needs correction, and delete or +insert the text of the corrections. Then, when you are satisfied with +the line, you simply press <RET>. You do not have to be at the end of +the line to press <RET>; the entire line is accepted regardless of the +location of the cursor within the line. + +* Menu: + +* Readline Bare Essentials:: The least you need to know about Readline. +* Readline Movement Commands:: Moving about the input line. +* Readline Killing Commands:: How to delete text, and how to get it back! +* Readline Arguments:: Giving numeric arguments to commands. +* Searching:: Searching through previous lines. + + +File: rluserman.info, Node: Readline Bare Essentials, Next: Readline Movement Commands, Up: Readline Interaction + +Readline Bare Essentials +------------------------ + + In order to enter characters into the line, simply type them. The +typed character appears where the cursor was, and then the cursor moves +one space to the right. If you mistype a character, you can use your +erase character to back up and delete the mistyped character. + + Sometimes you may mistype a character, and not notice the error +until you have typed several other characters. In that case, you can +type `C-b' to move the cursor to the left, and then correct your +mistake. Afterwards, you can move the cursor to the right with `C-f'. + + When you add text in the middle of a line, you will notice that +characters to the right of the cursor are `pushed over' to make room +for the text that you have inserted. Likewise, when you delete text +behind the cursor, characters to the right of the cursor are `pulled +back' to fill in the blank space created by the removal of the text. A +list of the bare essentials for editing the text of an input line +follows. + +`C-b' + Move back one character. + +`C-f' + Move forward one character. + +<DEL> or <Backspace> + Delete the character to the left of the cursor. + +`C-d' + Delete the character underneath the cursor. + +Printing characters + Insert the character into the line at the cursor. + +`C-_' or `C-x C-u' + Undo the last editing command. You can undo all the way back to an + empty line. + +(Depending on your configuration, the <Backspace> key be set to delete +the character to the left of the cursor and the <DEL> key set to delete +the character underneath the cursor, like `C-d', rather than the +character to the left of the cursor.) + + +File: rluserman.info, Node: Readline Movement Commands, Next: Readline Killing Commands, Prev: Readline Bare Essentials, Up: Readline Interaction + +Readline Movement Commands +-------------------------- + + The above table describes the most basic keystrokes that you need in +order to do editing of the input line. For your convenience, many +other commands have been added in addition to `C-b', `C-f', `C-d', and +<DEL>. Here are some commands for moving more rapidly about the line. + +`C-a' + Move to the start of the line. + +`C-e' + Move to the end of the line. + +`M-f' + Move forward a word, where a word is composed of letters and + digits. + +`M-b' + Move backward a word. + +`C-l' + Clear the screen, reprinting the current line at the top. + + Notice how `C-f' moves forward a character, while `M-f' moves +forward a word. It is a loose convention that control keystrokes +operate on characters while meta keystrokes operate on words. + + +File: rluserman.info, Node: Readline Killing Commands, Next: Readline Arguments, Prev: Readline Movement Commands, Up: Readline Interaction + +Readline Killing Commands +------------------------- + + "Killing" text means to delete the text from the line, but to save +it away for later use, usually by "yanking" (re-inserting) it back into +the line. (`Cut' and `paste' are more recent jargon for `kill' and +`yank'.) + + If the description for a command says that it `kills' text, then you +can be sure that you can get the text back in a different (or the same) +place later. + + When you use a kill command, the text is saved in a "kill-ring". +Any number of consecutive kills save all of the killed text together, so +that when you yank it back, you get it all. The kill ring is not line +specific; the text that you killed on a previously typed line is +available to be yanked back later, when you are typing another line. + + Here is the list of commands for killing text. + +`C-k' + Kill the text from the current cursor position to the end of the + line. + +`M-d' + Kill from the cursor to the end of the current word, or, if between + words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the same + as those used by `M-f'. + +`M-<DEL>' + Kill from the cursor the start of the previous word, or, if between + words, to the start of the previous word. Word boundaries are the + same as those used by `M-b'. + +`C-w' + Kill from the cursor to the previous whitespace. This is + different than `M-<DEL>' because the word boundaries differ. + + Here is how to "yank" the text back into the line. Yanking means to +copy the most-recently-killed text from the kill buffer. + +`C-y' + Yank the most recently killed text back into the buffer at the + cursor. + +`M-y' + Rotate the kill-ring, and yank the new top. You can only do this + if the prior command is `C-y' or `M-y'. + + +File: rluserman.info, Node: Readline Arguments, Next: Searching, Prev: Readline Killing Commands, Up: Readline Interaction + +Readline Arguments +------------------ + + You can pass numeric arguments to Readline commands. Sometimes the +argument acts as a repeat count, other times it is the sign of the +argument that is significant. If you pass a negative argument to a +command which normally acts in a forward direction, that command will +act in a backward direction. For example, to kill text back to the +start of the line, you might type `M-- C-k'. + + The general way to pass numeric arguments to a command is to type +meta digits before the command. If the first `digit' typed is a minus +sign (`-'), then the sign of the argument will be negative. Once you +have typed one meta digit to get the argument started, you can type the +remainder of the digits, and then the command. For example, to give +the `C-d' command an argument of 10, you could type `M-1 0 C-d', which +will delete the next ten characters on the input line. + + +File: rluserman.info, Node: Searching, Prev: Readline Arguments, Up: Readline Interaction + +Searching for Commands in the History +------------------------------------- + + Readline provides commands for searching through the command history +for lines containing a specified string. There are two search modes: +"incremental" and "non-incremental". + + Incremental searches begin before the user has finished typing the +search string. As each character of the search string is typed, +Readline displays the next entry from the history matching the string +typed so far. An incremental search requires only as many characters +as needed to find the desired history entry. To search backward in the +history for a particular string, type `C-r'. Typing `C-s' searches +forward through the history. The characters present in the value of +the `isearch-terminators' variable are used to terminate an incremental +search. If that variable has not been assigned a value, the <ESC> and +`C-J' characters will terminate an incremental search. `C-g' will +abort an incremental search and restore the original line. When the +search is terminated, the history entry containing the search string +becomes the current line. + + To find other matching entries in the history list, type `C-r' or +`C-s' as appropriate. This will search backward or forward in the +history for the next entry matching the search string typed so far. +Any other key sequence bound to a Readline command will terminate the +search and execute that command. For instance, a <RET> will terminate +the search and accept the line, thereby executing the command from the +history list. A movement command will terminate the search, make the +last line found the current line, and begin editing. + + Non-incremental searches read the entire search string before +starting to search for matching history lines. The search string may be +typed by the user or be part of the contents of the current line. + + +File: rluserman.info, Node: Readline Init File, Next: Bindable Readline Commands, Prev: Readline Interaction, Up: Command Line Editing + +Readline Init File +================== + + Although the Readline library comes with a set of Emacs-like +keybindings installed by default, it is possible to use a different set +of keybindings. Any user can customize programs that use Readline by +putting commands in an "inputrc" file, conventionally in his home +directory. The name of this file is taken from the value of the +environment variable `INPUTRC'. If that variable is unset, the default +is `~/.inputrc'. + + When a program which uses the Readline library starts up, the init +file is read, and the key bindings are set. + + In addition, the `C-x C-r' command re-reads this init file, thus +incorporating any changes that you might have made to it. + +* Menu: + +* Readline Init File Syntax:: Syntax for the commands in the inputrc file. + +* Conditional Init Constructs:: Conditional key bindings in the inputrc file. + +* Sample Init File:: An example inputrc file. + + +File: rluserman.info, Node: Readline Init File Syntax, Next: Conditional Init Constructs, Up: Readline Init File + +Readline Init File Syntax +------------------------- + + There are only a few basic constructs allowed in the Readline init +file. Blank lines are ignored. Lines beginning with a `#' are +comments. Lines beginning with a `$' indicate conditional constructs +(*note Conditional Init Constructs::). Other lines denote variable +settings and key bindings. + +Variable Settings + You can modify the run-time behavior of Readline by altering the + values of variables in Readline using the `set' command within the + init file. Here is how to change from the default Emacs-like key + binding to use `vi' line editing commands: + + set editing-mode vi + + A great deal of run-time behavior is changeable with the following + variables. + + `bell-style' + Controls what happens when Readline wants to ring the + terminal bell. If set to `none', Readline never rings the + bell. If set to `visible', Readline uses a visible bell if + one is available. If set to `audible' (the default), + Readline attempts to ring the terminal's bell. + + `comment-begin' + The string to insert at the beginning of the line when the + `insert-comment' command is executed. The default value is + `"#"'. + + `completion-ignore-case' + If set to `on', Readline performs filename matching and + completion in a case-insensitive fashion. The default value + is `off'. + + `completion-query-items' + The number of possible completions that determines when the + user is asked whether he wants to see the list of + possibilities. If the number of possible completions is + greater than this value, Readline will ask the user whether + or not he wishes to view them; otherwise, they are simply + listed. This variable must be set to an integer value + greater than or equal to 0. The default limit is `100'. + + `convert-meta' + If set to `on', Readline will convert characters with the + eighth bit set to an ASCII key sequence by stripping the + eighth bit and prefixing an <ESC> character, converting them + to a meta-prefixed key sequence. The default value is `on'. + + `disable-completion' + If set to `On', Readline will inhibit word completion. + Completion characters will be inserted into the line as if + they had been mapped to `self-insert'. The default is `off'. + + `editing-mode' + The `editing-mode' variable controls which default set of key + bindings is used. By default, Readline starts up in Emacs + editing mode, where the keystrokes are most similar to Emacs. + This variable can be set to either `emacs' or `vi'. + + `enable-keypad' + When set to `on', Readline will try to enable the application + keypad when it is called. Some systems need this to enable + the arrow keys. The default is `off'. + + `expand-tilde' + If set to `on', tilde expansion is performed when Readline + attempts word completion. The default is `off'. + + `horizontal-scroll-mode' + This variable can be set to either `on' or `off'. Setting it + to `on' means that the text of the lines being edited will + scroll horizontally on a single screen line when they are + longer than the width of the screen, instead of wrapping onto + a new screen line. By default, this variable is set to `off'. + + `input-meta' + If set to `on', Readline will enable eight-bit input (it will + not clear the eighth bit in the characters it reads), + regardless of what the terminal claims it can support. The + default value is `off'. The name `meta-flag' is a synonym + for this variable. + + `isearch-terminators' + The string of characters that should terminate an incremental + search without subsequently executing the character as a + command (*note Searching::). If this variable has not been + given a value, the characters <ESC> and `C-J' will terminate + an incremental search. + + `keymap' + Sets Readline's idea of the current keymap for key binding + commands. Acceptable `keymap' names are `emacs', + `emacs-standard', `emacs-meta', `emacs-ctlx', `vi', `vi-move', + `vi-command', and `vi-insert'. `vi' is equivalent to + `vi-command'; `emacs' is equivalent to `emacs-standard'. The + default value is `emacs'. The value of the `editing-mode' + variable also affects the default keymap. + + `mark-directories' + If set to `on', completed directory names have a slash + appended. The default is `on'. + + `mark-modified-lines' + This variable, when set to `on', causes Readline to display an + asterisk (`*') at the start of history lines which have been + modified. This variable is `off' by default. + + `output-meta' + If set to `on', Readline will display characters with the + eighth bit set directly rather than as a meta-prefixed escape + sequence. The default is `off'. + + `print-completions-horizontally' + If set to `on', Readline will display completions with matches + sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down + the screen. The default is `off'. + + `show-all-if-ambiguous' + This alters the default behavior of the completion functions. + If set to `on', words which have more than one possible + completion cause the matches to be listed immediately instead + of ringing the bell. The default value is `off'. + + `visible-stats' + If set to `on', a character denoting a file's type is + appended to the filename when listing possible completions. + The default is `off'. + +Key Bindings + The syntax for controlling key bindings in the init file is + simple. First you need to find the name of the command that you + want to change. The following sections contain tables of the + command name, the default keybinding, if any, and a short + description of what the command does. + + Once you know the name of the command, simply place on a line in + the init file the name of the key you wish to bind the command to, + a colon, and then the name of the command. The name of the key + can be expressed in different ways, depending on what you find most + comfortable. + + KEYNAME: FUNCTION-NAME or MACRO + KEYNAME is the name of a key spelled out in English. For + example: + Control-u: universal-argument + Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word + Control-o: "> output" + + In the above example, `C-u' is bound to the function + `universal-argument', `M-DEL' is bound to the function + `backward-kill-word', and `C-o' is bound to run the macro + expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the text + `> output' into the line). + + A number of symbolic character names are recognized while + processing this key binding syntax: DEL, ESC, ESCAPE, LFD, + NEWLINE, RET, RETURN, RUBOUT, SPACE, SPC, and TAB. + + "KEYSEQ": FUNCTION-NAME or MACRO + KEYSEQ differs from KEYNAME above in that strings denoting an + entire key sequence can be specified, by placing the key + sequence in double quotes. Some GNU Emacs style key escapes + can be used, as in the following example, but the special + character names are not recognized. + + "\C-u": universal-argument + "\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file + "\e[11~": "Function Key 1" + + In the above example, `C-u' is again bound to the function + `universal-argument' (just as it was in the first example), + `C-x C-r' is bound to the function `re-read-init-file', and + `<ESC> <[> <1> <1> <~>' is bound to insert the text `Function + Key 1'. + + The following GNU Emacs style escape sequences are available when + specifying key sequences: + + `\C-' + control prefix + + `\M-' + meta prefix + + `\e' + an escape character + + `\\' + backslash + + `\"' + <">, a double quotation mark + + `\'' + <'>, a single quote or apostrophe + + In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second set + of backslash escapes is available: + + `\a' + alert (bell) + + `\b' + backspace + + `\d' + delete + + `\f' + form feed + + `\n' + newline + + `\r' + carriage return + + `\t' + horizontal tab + + `\v' + vertical tab + + `\NNN' + the character whose ASCII code is the octal value NNN (one to + three digits) + + `\xNNN' + the character whose ASCII code is the hexadecimal value NNN + (one to three digits) + + When entering the text of a macro, single or double quotes must be + used to indicate a macro definition. Unquoted text is assumed to + be a function name. In the macro body, the backslash escapes + described above are expanded. Backslash will quote any other + character in the macro text, including `"' and `''. For example, + the following binding will make `C-x \' insert a single `\' into + the line: + "\C-x\\": "\\" + + +File: rluserman.info, Node: Conditional Init Constructs, Next: Sample Init File, Prev: Readline Init File Syntax, Up: Readline Init File + +Conditional Init Constructs +--------------------------- + + Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional +compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key bindings +and variable settings to be performed as the result of tests. There +are four parser directives used. + +`$if' + The `$if' construct allows bindings to be made based on the + editing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using + Readline. The text of the test extends to the end of the line; no + characters are required to isolate it. + + `mode' + The `mode=' form of the `$if' directive is used to test + whether Readline is in `emacs' or `vi' mode. This may be + used in conjunction with the `set keymap' command, for + instance, to set bindings in the `emacs-standard' and + `emacs-ctlx' keymaps only if Readline is starting out in + `emacs' mode. + + `term' + The `term=' form may be used to include terminal-specific key + bindings, perhaps to bind the key sequences output by the + terminal's function keys. The word on the right side of the + `=' is tested against both the full name of the terminal and + the portion of the terminal name before the first `-'. This + allows `sun' to match both `sun' and `sun-cmd', for instance. + + `application' + The APPLICATION construct is used to include + application-specific settings. Each program using the + Readline library sets the APPLICATION NAME, and you can test + for it. This could be used to bind key sequences to + functions useful for a specific program. For instance, the + following command adds a key sequence that quotes the current + or previous word in Bash: + $if Bash + # Quote the current or previous word + "\C-xq": "\eb\"\ef\"" + $endif + +`$endif' + This command, as seen in the previous example, terminates an `$if' + command. + +`$else' + Commands in this branch of the `$if' directive are executed if the + test fails. + +`$include' + This directive takes a single filename as an argument and reads + commands and bindings from that file. + $include /etc/inputrc + + +File: rluserman.info, Node: Sample Init File, Prev: Conditional Init Constructs, Up: Readline Init File + +Sample Init File +---------------- + + Here is an example of an INPUTRC file. This illustrates key +binding, variable assignment, and conditional syntax. + + + # This file controls the behaviour of line input editing for + # programs that use the Gnu Readline library. Existing programs + # include FTP, Bash, and Gdb. + # + # You can re-read the inputrc file with C-x C-r. + # Lines beginning with '#' are comments. + # + # First, include any systemwide bindings and variable assignments from + # /etc/Inputrc + $include /etc/Inputrc + + # + # Set various bindings for emacs mode. + + set editing-mode emacs + + $if mode=emacs + + Meta-Control-h: backward-kill-word Text after the function name is ignored + + # + # Arrow keys in keypad mode + # + #"\M-OD": backward-char + #"\M-OC": forward-char + #"\M-OA": previous-history + #"\M-OB": next-history + # + # Arrow keys in ANSI mode + # + "\M-[D": backward-char + "\M-[C": forward-char + "\M-[A": previous-history + "\M-[B": next-history + # + # Arrow keys in 8 bit keypad mode + # + #"\M-\C-OD": backward-char + #"\M-\C-OC": forward-char + #"\M-\C-OA": previous-history + #"\M-\C-OB": next-history + # + # Arrow keys in 8 bit ANSI mode + # + #"\M-\C-[D": backward-char + #"\M-\C-[C": forward-char + #"\M-\C-[A": previous-history + #"\M-\C-[B": next-history + + C-q: quoted-insert + + $endif + + # An old-style binding. This happens to be the default. + TAB: complete + + # Macros that are convenient for shell interaction + $if Bash + # edit the path + "\C-xp": "PATH=${PATH}\e\C-e\C-a\ef\C-f" + # prepare to type a quoted word -- insert open and close double quotes + # and move to just after the open quote + "\C-x\"": "\"\"\C-b" + # insert a backslash (testing backslash escapes in sequences and macros) + "\C-x\\": "\\" + # Quote the current or previous word + "\C-xq": "\eb\"\ef\"" + # Add a binding to refresh the line, which is unbound + "\C-xr": redraw-current-line + # Edit variable on current line. + "\M-\C-v": "\C-a\C-k$\C-y\M-\C-e\C-a\C-y=" + $endif + + # use a visible bell if one is available + set bell-style visible + + # don't strip characters to 7 bits when reading + set input-meta on + + # allow iso-latin1 characters to be inserted rather than converted to + # prefix-meta sequences + set convert-meta off + + # display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than + # as meta-prefixed characters + set output-meta on + + # if there are more than 150 possible completions for a word, ask the + # user if he wants to see all of them + set completion-query-items 150 + + # For FTP + $if Ftp + "\C-xg": "get \M-?" + "\C-xt": "put \M-?" + "\M-.": yank-last-arg + $endif + + +File: rluserman.info, Node: Bindable Readline Commands, Next: Readline vi Mode, Prev: Readline Init File, Up: Command Line Editing + +Bindable Readline Commands +========================== + +* Menu: + +* Commands For Moving:: Moving about the line. +* Commands For History:: Getting at previous lines. +* Commands For Text:: Commands for changing text. +* Commands For Killing:: Commands for killing and yanking. +* Numeric Arguments:: Specifying numeric arguments, repeat counts. +* Commands For Completion:: Getting Readline to do the typing for you. +* Keyboard Macros:: Saving and re-executing typed characters +* Miscellaneous Commands:: Other miscellaneous commands. + + This section describes Readline commands that may be bound to key +sequences. + + Command names without an accompanying key sequence are unbound by +default. In the following descriptions, "point" refers to the current +cursor position, and "mark" refers to a cursor position saved by the +`set-mark' command. The text between the point and mark is referred to +as the "region". + + +File: rluserman.info, Node: Commands For Moving, Next: Commands For History, Up: Bindable Readline Commands + +Commands For Moving +------------------- + +`beginning-of-line (C-a)' + Move to the start of the current line. + +`end-of-line (C-e)' + Move to the end of the line. + +`forward-char (C-f)' + Move forward a character. + +`backward-char (C-b)' + Move back a character. + +`forward-word (M-f)' + Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are composed of + letters and digits. + +`backward-word (M-b)' + Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words are + composed of letters and digits. + +`clear-screen (C-l)' + Clear the screen and redraw the current line, leaving the current + line at the top of the screen. + +`redraw-current-line ()' + Refresh the current line. By default, this is unbound. + + +File: rluserman.info, Node: Commands For History, Next: Commands For Text, Prev: Commands For Moving, Up: Bindable Readline Commands + +Commands For Manipulating The History +------------------------------------- + +`accept-line (Newline or Return)' + Accept the line regardless of where the cursor is. If this line is + non-empty, it may be added to the history list for future recall + with `add_history()'. If this line is a modified history line, + then restore the history line to its original state. + +`previous-history (C-p)' + Move `up' through the history list. + +`next-history (C-n)' + Move `down' through the history list. + +`beginning-of-history (M-<)' + Move to the first line in the history. + +`end-of-history (M->)' + Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently + being entered. + +`reverse-search-history (C-r)' + Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up' + through the history as necessary. This is an incremental search. + +`forward-search-history (C-s)' + Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down' + through the the history as necessary. This is an incremental + search. + +`non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)' + Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up' + through the history as necessary using a non-incremental search + for a string supplied by the user. + +`non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)' + Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down' + through the the history as necessary using a non-incremental search + for a string supplied by the user. + +`history-search-forward ()' + Search forward through the history for the string of characters + between the start of the current line and the point. This is a + non-incremental search. By default, this command is unbound. + +`history-search-backward ()' + Search backward through the history for the string of characters + between the start of the current line and the point. This is a + non-incremental search. By default, this command is unbound. + +`yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)' + Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually the + second word on the previous line). With an argument N, insert the + Nth word from the previous command (the words in the previous + command begin with word 0). A negative argument inserts the Nth + word from the end of the previous command. + +`yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)' + Insert last argument to the previous command (the last word of the + previous history entry). With an argument, behave exactly like + `yank-nth-arg'. Successive calls to `yank-last-arg' move back + through the history list, inserting the last argument of each line + in turn. + + +File: rluserman.info, Node: Commands For Text, Next: Commands For Killing, Prev: Commands For History, Up: Bindable Readline Commands + +Commands For Changing Text +-------------------------- + +`delete-char (C-d)' + Delete the character under the cursor. If the cursor is at the + beginning of the line, there are no characters in the line, and + the last character typed was not bound to `delete-char', then + return EOF. + +`backward-delete-char (Rubout)' + Delete the character behind the cursor. A numeric argument means + to kill the characters instead of deleting them. + +`forward-backward-delete-char ()' + Delete the character under the cursor, unless the cursor is at the + end of the line, in which case the character behind the cursor is + deleted. By default, this is not bound to a key. + +`quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)' + Add the next character typed to the line verbatim. This is how to + insert key sequences like `C-q', for example. + +`tab-insert (M-<TAB>)' + Insert a tab character. + +`self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, ...)' + Insert yourself. + +`transpose-chars (C-t)' + Drag the character before the cursor forward over the character at + the cursor, moving the cursor forward as well. If the insertion + point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the last two + characters of the line. Negative arguments have no effect. + +`transpose-words (M-t)' + Drag the word before point past the word after point, moving point + past that word as well. + +`upcase-word (M-u)' + Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative + argument, uppercase the previous word, but do not move the cursor. + +`downcase-word (M-l)' + Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative + argument, lowercase the previous word, but do not move the cursor. + +`capitalize-word (M-c)' + Capitalize the current (or following) word. With a negative + argument, capitalize the previous word, but do not move the cursor. + + +File: rluserman.info, Node: Commands For Killing, Next: Numeric Arguments, Prev: Commands For Text, Up: Bindable Readline Commands + +Killing And Yanking +------------------- + +`kill-line (C-k)' + Kill the text from point to the end of the line. + +`backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)' + Kill backward to the beginning of the line. + +`unix-line-discard (C-u)' + Kill backward from the cursor to the beginning of the current line. + +`kill-whole-line ()' + Kill all characters on the current line, no matter point is. By + default, this is unbound. + +`kill-word (M-d)' + Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between + words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the same + as `forward-word'. + +`backward-kill-word (M-<DEL>)' + Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as + `backward-word'. + +`unix-word-rubout (C-w)' + Kill the word behind point, using white space as a word boundary. + The killed text is saved on the kill-ring. + +`delete-horizontal-space ()' + Delete all spaces and tabs around point. By default, this is + unbound. + +`kill-region ()' + Kill the text in the current region. By default, this command is + unbound. + +`copy-region-as-kill ()' + Copy the text in the region to the kill buffer, so it can be yanked + right away. By default, this command is unbound. + +`copy-backward-word ()' + Copy the word before point to the kill buffer. The word + boundaries are the same as `backward-word'. By default, this + command is unbound. + +`copy-forward-word ()' + Copy the word following point to the kill buffer. The word + boundaries are the same as `forward-word'. By default, this + command is unbound. + +`yank (C-y)' + Yank the top of the kill ring into the buffer at the current + cursor position. + +`yank-pop (M-y)' + Rotate the kill-ring, and yank the new top. You can only do this + if the prior command is `yank' or `yank-pop'. + + +File: rluserman.info, Node: Numeric Arguments, Next: Commands For Completion, Prev: Commands For Killing, Up: Bindable Readline Commands + +Specifying Numeric Arguments +---------------------------- + +`digit-argument (M-0, M-1, ... M--)' + Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a new + argument. `M--' starts a negative argument. + +`universal-argument ()' + This is another way to specify an argument. If this command is + followed by one or more digits, optionally with a leading minus + sign, those digits define the argument. If the command is + followed by digits, executing `universal-argument' again ends the + numeric argument, but is otherwise ignored. As a special case, if + this command is immediately followed by a character that is + neither a digit or minus sign, the argument count for the next + command is multiplied by four. The argument count is initially + one, so executing this function the first time makes the argument + count four, a second time makes the argument count sixteen, and so + on. By default, this is not bound to a key. + + +File: rluserman.info, Node: Commands For Completion, Next: Keyboard Macros, Prev: Numeric Arguments, Up: Bindable Readline Commands + +Letting Readline Type For You +----------------------------- + +`complete (<TAB>)' + Attempt to perform completion on the text before point. The + actual completion performed is application-specific. The default + is filename completion. + +`possible-completions (M-?)' + List the possible completions of the text before the cursor. + +`insert-completions (M-*)' + Insert all completions of the text before point that would have + been generated by `possible-completions'. + +`menu-complete ()' + Similar to `complete', but replaces the word to be completed with + a single match from the list of possible completions. Repeated + execution of `menu-complete' steps through the list of possible + completions, inserting each match in turn. At the end of the list + of completions, the bell is rung and the original text is restored. + An argument of N moves N positions forward in the list of matches; + a negative argument may be used to move backward through the list. + This command is intended to be bound to <TAB>, but is unbound by + default. + +`delete-char-or-list ()' + Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the beginning or + end of the line (like `delete-char'). If at the end of the line, + behaves identically to `possible-completions'. This command is + unbound by default. + + +File: rluserman.info, Node: Keyboard Macros, Next: Miscellaneous Commands, Prev: Commands For Completion, Up: Bindable Readline Commands + +Keyboard Macros +--------------- + +`start-kbd-macro (C-x ()' + Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro. + +`end-kbd-macro (C-x ))' + Stop saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro + and save the definition. + +`call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)' + Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the + characters in the macro appear as if typed at the keyboard. + + +File: rluserman.info, Node: Miscellaneous Commands, Prev: Keyboard Macros, Up: Bindable Readline Commands + +Some Miscellaneous Commands +--------------------------- + +`re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)' + Read in the contents of the INPUTRC file, and incorporate any + bindings or variable assignments found there. + +`abort (C-g)' + Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal's bell + (subject to the setting of `bell-style'). + +`do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-X, ...)' + If the metafied character X is lowercase, run the command that is + bound to the corresponding uppercase character. + +`prefix-meta (<ESC>)' + Make the next character typed be metafied. This is for keyboards + without a meta key. Typing `<ESC> f' is equivalent to typing + `M-f'. + +`undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)' + Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line. + +`revert-line (M-r)' + Undo all changes made to this line. This is like executing the + `undo' command enough times to get back to the beginning. + +`tilde-expand (M-~)' + Perform tilde expansion on the current word. + +`set-mark (C-@)' + Set the mark to the current point. If a numeric argument is + supplied, the mark is set to that position. + +`exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)' + Swap the point with the mark. The current cursor position is set + to the saved position, and the old cursor position is saved as the + mark. + +`character-search (C-])' + A character is read and point is moved to the next occurrence of + that character. A negative count searches for previous + occurrences. + +`character-search-backward (M-C-])' + A character is read and point is moved to the previous occurrence + of that character. A negative count searches for subsequent + occurrences. + +`insert-comment (M-#)' + The value of the `comment-begin' variable is inserted at the + beginning of the current line, and the line is accepted as if a + newline had been typed. + +`dump-functions ()' + Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the Readline + output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, the output is + formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an INPUTRC + file. This command is unbound by default. + +`dump-variables ()' + Print all of the settable variables and their values to the + Readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, the + output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an + INPUTRC file. This command is unbound by default. + +`dump-macros ()' + Print all of the Readline key sequences bound to macros and the + strings they output. If a numeric argument is supplied, the + output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an + INPUTRC file. This command is unbound by default. + + +File: rluserman.info, Node: Readline vi Mode, Prev: Bindable Readline Commands, Up: Command Line Editing + +Readline vi Mode +================ + + While the Readline library does not have a full set of `vi' editing +functions, it does contain enough to allow simple editing of the line. +The Readline `vi' mode behaves as specified in the POSIX 1003.2 +standard. + + In order to switch interactively between `emacs' and `vi' editing +modes, use the command `M-C-j' (toggle-editing-mode). The Readline +default is `emacs' mode. + + When you enter a line in `vi' mode, you are already placed in +`insertion' mode, as if you had typed an `i'. Pressing <ESC> switches +you into `command' mode, where you can edit the text of the line with +the standard `vi' movement keys, move to previous history lines with +`k' and subsequent lines with `j', and so forth. + + + +Tag Table: +Node: Top1208 +Node: Command Line Editing1604 +Node: Introduction and Notation2218 +Node: Readline Interaction3837 +Node: Readline Bare Essentials5025 +Node: Readline Movement Commands6807 +Node: Readline Killing Commands7765 +Node: Readline Arguments9676 +Node: Searching10713 +Node: Readline Init File12670 +Node: Readline Init File Syntax13732 +Node: Conditional Init Constructs23349 +Node: Sample Init File25789 +Node: Bindable Readline Commands28960 +Node: Commands For Moving30011 +Node: Commands For History30861 +Node: Commands For Text33644 +Node: Commands For Killing35650 +Node: Numeric Arguments37624 +Node: Commands For Completion38753 +Node: Keyboard Macros40243 +Node: Miscellaneous Commands40803 +Node: Readline vi Mode43620 + +End Tag Table
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+(part)f(of)h(an)g Fc(inputrc)k Fm(\014le.)i(This)16 b(command)f(is)h +(un)o(b)q(ound)g(b)o(y)f(default.)75 406 y Fl(dump-macros)f(\(\))315 +461 y Fm(Prin)o(t)j(all)h(of)e(the)h(Readline)i(k)o(ey)e(sequences)h(b) +q(ound)g(to)e(macros)g(and)h(the)g(strings)g(they)315 +516 y(output.)26 b(If)18 b(a)f(n)o(umeric)h(argumen)o(t)f(is)h +(supplied,)i(the)d(output)g(is)h(formatted)e(in)j(suc)o(h)e(a)315 +570 y(w)o(a)o(y)d(that)g(it)i(can)f(b)q(e)g(made)g(part)g(of)f(an)h +Fc(inputrc)k Fm(\014le.)i(This)15 b(command)g(is)h(un)o(b)q(ound)g(b)o +(y)315 625 y(default.)75 754 y Fk(1.5)33 b(Readline)23 +b(vi)h(Mo)r(de)137 850 y Fm(While)13 b(the)f(Readline)j(library)d(do)q +(es)g(not)g(ha)o(v)o(e)f(a)h(full)h(set)f(of)f Fl(vi)g +Fm(editing)j(functions,)f(it)f(do)q(es)g(con)o(tain)75 +905 y(enough)17 b(to)g(allo)o(w)g(simple)h(editing)h(of)d(the)i(line.) +27 b(The)17 b(Readline)i Fl(vi)e Fm(mo)q(de)g(b)q(eha)o(v)o(es)g(as)g +(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(in)75 960 y(the)c Fh(posix)g Fm(1003.2)f(standard.) +137 1027 y(In)h(order)g(to)f(switc)o(h)g(in)o(teractiv)o(ely)i(b)q(et)o +(w)o(een)f Fl(emacs)e Fm(and)i Fl(vi)f Fm(editing)i(mo)q(des,)f(use)f +(the)h(command)75 1082 y Fg(M-C-j)f Fm(\(toggle-editing-mo)q(de\).)21 +b(The)16 b(Readline)h(default)f(is)g Fl(emacs)e Fm(mo)q(de.)137 +1149 y(When)i(y)o(ou)e(en)o(ter)h(a)g(line)i(in)e Fl(vi)g +Fm(mo)q(de,)g(y)o(ou)g(are)f(already)i(placed)g(in)g(`insertion')f(mo)q +(de,)g(as)g(if)g(y)o(ou)75 1204 y(had)e(t)o(yp)q(ed)h(an)f(`)p +Fl(i)p Fm('.)18 b(Pressing)608 1202 y Ff(h)p 620 1176 +70 2 v 620 1204 a Fe(ESC)p 620 1211 V 687 1202 a Ff(i)715 +1204 y Fm(switc)o(hes)13 b(y)o(ou)g(in)o(to)g(`command')f(mo)q(de,)i +(where)f(y)o(ou)g(can)g(edit)h(the)75 1259 y(text)i(of)h(the)g(line)h +(with)g(the)f(standard)f Fl(vi)h Fm(mo)o(v)o(emen)o(t)f(k)o(eys,)g(mo)o +(v)o(e)g(to)h(previous)g(history)g(lines)i(with)75 1313 +y(`)p Fl(k)p Fm(')14 b(and)i(subsequen)o(t)f(lines)i(with)f(`)p +Fl(j)p Fm(',)e(and)h(so)g(forth.)p eop +%%Page: -1 21 +-1 20 bop 1862 -58 a Fm(i)75 149 y Fi(T)-7 b(able)27 +b(of)f(Con)n(ten)n(ts)75 320 y Fk(1)67 b(Command)22 b(Line)i(Editing)d +Fa(.)10 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h +(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)42 b Fk(1)224 389 y Fm(1.1)j(In)o(tro)q(duction)16 +b(to)f(Line)h(Editing)e Fd(.)7 b(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.) +f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f +(.)27 b Fm(1)224 444 y(1.2)45 b(Readline)17 b(In)o(teraction)8 +b Fd(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.) +h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f +(.)h(.)f(.)23 b Fm(1)374 499 y(1.2.1)44 b(Readline)17 +b(Bare)e(Essen)o(tials)f Fd(.)7 b(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h +(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)27 +b Fm(1)374 553 y(1.2.2)44 b(Readline)17 b(Mo)o(v)o(emen)o(t)d(Commands) +7 b Fd(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)f +(.)h(.)21 b Fm(2)374 608 y(1.2.3)44 b(Readline)17 b(Killing)h(Commands) +11 b Fd(.)c(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h +(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)25 b Fm(2)374 663 y(1.2.4)44 b(Readline)17 +b(Argumen)o(ts)12 b Fd(.)c(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f +(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)27 +b Fm(3)374 718 y(1.2.5)44 b(Searc)o(hing)16 b(for)e(Commands)h(in)h +(the)f(History)e Fd(.)8 b(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)27 +b Fm(3)224 773 y(1.3)45 b(Readline)17 b(Init)g(File)e +Fd(.)7 b(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.) +h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f +(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)29 b Fm(4)374 827 y(1.3.1)44 b(Readline)17 +b(Init)f(File)h(Syn)o(tax)7 b Fd(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.) +f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)21 +b Fm(4)374 882 y(1.3.2)44 b(Conditional)16 b(Init)g(Constructs)5 +b Fd(.)i(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.) +h(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)19 b Fm(8)374 937 y(1.3.3)44 b(Sample)16 +b(Init)g(File)11 b Fd(.)e(.)e(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)h +(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.) +h(.)f(.)26 b Fm(9)224 992 y(1.4)45 b(Bindable)17 b(Readline)h(Commands) +6 b Fd(.)h(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h +(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)21 b Fm(12)374 +1046 y(1.4.1)44 b(Commands)14 b(F)l(or)h(Mo)o(ving)e +Fd(.)7 b(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.) +h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)28 b Fm(12)374 1101 y(1.4.2)44 +b(Commands)14 b(F)l(or)h(Manipulating)i(The)e(History)9 +b Fd(.)e(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)24 b Fm(12)374 1156 y(1.4.3)44 +b(Commands)14 b(F)l(or)h(Changing)h(T)l(ext)e Fd(.)8 +b(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)30 +b Fm(13)374 1211 y(1.4.4)44 b(Killing)18 b(And)e(Y)l(anking)9 +b Fd(.)e(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.) +h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)24 b Fm(14)374 +1266 y(1.4.5)44 b(Sp)q(ecifying)17 b(Numeric)f(Argumen)o(ts)c +Fd(.)c(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)27 +b Fm(15)374 1320 y(1.4.6)44 b(Letting)15 b(Readline)j(T)o(yp)q(e)d(F)l +(or)g(Y)l(ou)10 b Fd(.)d(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.) +h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)25 b Fm(16)374 1375 y(1.4.7)44 b(Keyb)q(oard)15 +b(Macros)6 b Fd(.)h(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f +(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)21 +b Fm(16)374 1430 y(1.4.8)44 b(Some)15 b(Miscellaneous)i(Commands)7 +b Fd(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.) +22 b Fm(17)224 1485 y(1.5)45 b(Readline)17 b(vi)f(Mo)q(de)e +Fd(.)7 b(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.) +f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f +(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)28 b Fm(18)p eop +%%Page: -2 22 +-2 21 bop 75 -58 a Fm(ii)1321 b(GNU)15 b(Readline)i(Library)p +eop +%%Trailer +end +userdict /end-hook known{end-hook}if +%%EOF
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000 +++ b/readline/doc/rluserman.texinfo Sat Feb 10 05:13:25 2001 +0000 @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +\input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*- +@comment %**start of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region.) +@setfilename rluserman.info +@settitle GNU Readline Library +@comment %**end of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region.) +@setchapternewpage odd + +@include manvers.texinfo + +@ifinfo +@dircategory Libraries +@direntry +* RLuserman: (rluserman). The GNU readline library User's Manual. +@end direntry + +This document describes the end user interface of the GNU Readline Library, +a utility which aids in the consistency of user interface across discrete +programs that need to provide a command line interface. + +Copyright (C) 1988-2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + +Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of +this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice +pare preserved on all copies. + +@ignore +Permission is granted to process this file through TeX and print the +results, provided the printed document carries copying permission +notice identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph +(this paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual). +@end ignore + +Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this +manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire +resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission +notice identical to this one. + +Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual +into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions, +except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved +by the Free Software Foundation. +@end ifinfo + +@titlepage +@title GNU Readline Library User Interface +@subtitle Edition @value{EDITION}, for @code{Readline Library} Version @value{VERSION}. +@subtitle @value{UPDATE-MONTH} +@author Brian Fox, Free Software Foundation +@author Chet Ramey, Case Western Reserve University + +@page +This document describes the end user interface of the GNU Readline Library, +a utility which aids in the consistency of user interface across discrete +programs that need to provide a command line interface. + +Published by the Free Software Foundation @* +59 Temple Place, Suite 330, @* +Boston, MA 02111 USA + +Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of +this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice +are preserved on all copies. + +Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this +manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire +resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission +notice identical to this one. + +Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual +into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions, +except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved +by the Free Software Foundation. + +@vskip 0pt plus 1filll +Copyright @copyright{} 1988-2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +@end titlepage + +@ifinfo +@node Top +@top GNU Readline Library + +This document describes the end user interface of the GNU Readline Library, +a utility which aids in the consistency of user interface across discrete +programs that need to provide a command line interface. + +@menu +* Command Line Editing:: GNU Readline User's Manual. +@end menu +@end ifinfo + +@include rluser.texinfo + +@contents +@bye
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000 +++ b/readline/rlprivate.h Sat Feb 10 05:13:25 2001 +0000 @@ -0,0 +1,267 @@ +/* rlprivate.h -- functions and variables global to the readline library, + but not intended for use by applications. */ + +/* Copyright (C) 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + + This file is part of the GNU Readline Library, a library for + reading lines of text with interactive input and history editing. + + The GNU Readline Library is free software; you can redistribute it + and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License + as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or + (at your option) any later version. + + The GNU Readline Library is distributed in the hope that it will be + useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty + of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the + GNU General Public License for more details. + + The GNU General Public License is often shipped with GNU software, and + is generally kept in a file called COPYING or LICENSE. If you do not + have a copy of the license, write to the Free Software Foundation, + 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111 USA. */ + +#if !defined (_RL_PRIVATE_H_) +#define _RL_PRIVATE_H_ + +#include "rlconf.h" /* for VISIBLE_STATS */ +#include "rlstdc.h" +#include "posixjmp.h" /* defines procenv_t */ + +/************************************************************************* + * * + * Global functions undocumented in texinfo manual and not in readline.h * + * * + *************************************************************************/ + +/* terminal.c */ +extern char *rl_get_termcap __P((const char *)); + +/************************************************************************* + * * + * Global variables undocumented in texinfo manual and not in readline.h * + * * + *************************************************************************/ + +/* complete.c */ +extern int rl_complete_with_tilde_expansion; +#if defined (VISIBLE_STATS) +extern int rl_visible_stats; +#endif /* VISIBLE_STATS */ + +/* readline.c */ +extern int rl_line_buffer_len; +extern int rl_arg_sign; +extern int rl_visible_prompt_length; +extern int readline_echoing_p; +extern int rl_key_sequence_length; + +/* display.c */ +extern int rl_display_fixed; + +/* parens.c */ +extern int rl_blink_matching_paren; + +/************************************************************************* + * * + * Global functions and variables unsed and undocumented * + * * + *************************************************************************/ + +/* bind.c */ +extern char *rl_untranslate_keyseq __P((int)); + +/* kill.c */ +extern int rl_set_retained_kills __P((int)); + +/* readline.c */ +extern int rl_discard_argument __P((void)); + +/* rltty.c */ +extern int rl_stop_output __P((int, int)); + +/* terminal.c */ +extern void _rl_set_screen_size __P((int, int)); + +/* undo.c */ +extern int _rl_fix_last_undo_of_type __P((int, int, int)); + +/* util.c */ +extern char *_rl_savestring __P((const char *)); + +/************************************************************************* + * * + * Functions and variables private to the readline library * + * * + *************************************************************************/ + +/* NOTE: Functions and variables prefixed with `_rl_' are + pseudo-global: they are global so they can be shared + between files in the readline library, but are not intended + to be visible to readline callers. */ + +/************************************************************************* + * Undocumented private functions * + *************************************************************************/ + +#if defined(READLINE_CALLBACKS) + +/* readline.c */ +extern void readline_internal_setup __P((void)); +extern char *readline_internal_teardown __P((int)); +extern int readline_internal_char __P((void)); + +#endif /* READLINE_CALLBACKS */ + +/* bind.c */ +extern void _rl_bind_if_unbound __P((const char *, rl_command_func_t *)); + +/* display.c */ +extern char *_rl_strip_prompt __P((char *)); +extern void _rl_move_cursor_relative __P((int, const char *)); +extern void _rl_move_vert __P((int)); +extern void _rl_save_prompt __P((void)); +extern void _rl_restore_prompt __P((void)); +extern char *_rl_make_prompt_for_search __P((int)); +extern void _rl_erase_at_end_of_line __P((int)); +extern void _rl_clear_to_eol __P((int)); +extern void _rl_clear_screen __P((void)); +extern void _rl_update_final __P((void)); +extern void _rl_redisplay_after_sigwinch __P((void)); +extern void _rl_clean_up_for_exit __P((void)); +extern void _rl_erase_entire_line __P((void)); +extern int _rl_currentb_display_line __P((void)); + +/* input.c */ +extern int _rl_any_typein __P((void)); +extern int _rl_input_available __P((void)); +extern void _rl_insert_typein __P((int)); + +/* macro.c */ +extern void _rl_with_macro_input __P((char *)); +extern int _rl_next_macro_key __P((void)); +extern void _rl_push_executing_macro __P((void)); +extern void _rl_pop_executing_macro __P((void)); +extern void _rl_add_macro_char __P((int)); +extern void _rl_kill_kbd_macro __P((void)); + +/* nls.c */ +extern int _rl_init_eightbit __P((void)); + +/* parens.c */ +extern void _rl_enable_paren_matching __P((int)); + +/* readline.c */ +extern void _rl_init_line_state __P((void)); +extern void _rl_set_the_line __P((void)); +extern int _rl_dispatch __P((int, Keymap)); +extern int _rl_init_argument __P((void)); +extern void _rl_fix_point __P((int)); +extern void _rl_replace_text __P((const char *, int, int)); +extern int _rl_char_search_internal __P((int, int, int)); +extern int _rl_set_mark_at_pos __P((int)); + +/* rltty.c */ +extern int _rl_disable_tty_signals __P((void)); +extern int _rl_restore_tty_signals __P((void)); + +/* terminal.c */ +extern void _rl_get_screen_size __P((int, int)); +extern int _rl_init_terminal_io __P((const char *)); +#ifdef _MINIX +extern void _rl_output_character_function __P((int)); +#else +extern int _rl_output_character_function __P((int)); +#endif +extern void _rl_output_some_chars __P((const char *, int)); +extern int _rl_backspace __P((int)); +extern void _rl_enable_meta_key __P((void)); +extern void _rl_control_keypad __P((int)); + +/* util.c */ +extern int rl_alphabetic __P((int)); +extern int _rl_abort_internal __P((void)); +extern char *_rl_strindex __P((const char *, const char *)); +extern int _rl_qsort_string_compare __P((char **, char **)); +extern int (_rl_uppercase_p) __P((int)); +extern int (_rl_lowercase_p) __P((int)); +extern int (_rl_pure_alphabetic) __P((int)); +extern int (_rl_digit_p) __P((int)); +extern int (_rl_to_lower) __P((int)); +extern int (_rl_to_upper) __P((int)); +extern int (_rl_digit_value) __P((int)); + +/* vi_mode.c */ +extern void _rl_vi_initialize_line __P((void)); +extern void _rl_vi_reset_last __P((void)); +extern void _rl_vi_set_last __P((int, int, int)); +extern int _rl_vi_textmod_command __P((int)); +extern void _rl_vi_done_inserting __P((void)); + +/************************************************************************* + * Undocumented private variables * + *************************************************************************/ + +/* bind.c */ +extern const char *_rl_possible_control_prefixes[]; +extern const char *_rl_possible_meta_prefixes[]; + +/* complete.c */ +extern int _rl_complete_show_all; +extern int _rl_complete_mark_directories; +extern int _rl_print_completions_horizontally; +extern int _rl_completion_case_fold; + +/* display.c */ +extern int _rl_vis_botlin; +extern int _rl_last_c_pos; +extern int _rl_suppress_redisplay; +extern char *rl_display_prompt; + +/* isearch.c */ +extern unsigned char *_rl_isearch_terminators; + +/* macro.c */ +extern int _rl_defining_kbd_macro; +extern char *_rl_executing_macro; + +/* readline.c */ +extern int _rl_horizontal_scroll_mode; +extern int _rl_mark_modified_lines; +extern int _rl_bell_preference; +extern int _rl_meta_flag; +extern int _rl_convert_meta_chars_to_ascii; +extern int _rl_output_meta_chars; +extern char *_rl_comment_begin; +extern unsigned char _rl_parsing_conditionalized_out; +extern Keymap _rl_keymap; +extern FILE *_rl_in_stream; +extern FILE *_rl_out_stream; +extern int _rl_last_command_was_kill; +extern int _rl_eof_char; +extern procenv_t readline_top_level; + +/* terminal.c */ +extern int _rl_enable_keypad; +extern int _rl_enable_meta; +extern char *_rl_term_clreol; +extern char *_rl_term_clrpag; +extern char *_rl_term_im; +extern char *_rl_term_ic; +extern char *_rl_term_ei; +extern char *_rl_term_DC; +extern char *_rl_term_up; +extern char *_rl_term_dc; +extern char *_rl_term_cr; +extern char *_rl_term_IC; +extern int _rl_screenheight; +extern int _rl_screenwidth; +extern int _rl_screenchars; +extern int _rl_terminal_can_insert; +extern int _rl_term_autowrap; + +/* undo.c */ +extern int _rl_doing_an_undo; +extern int _rl_undo_group_level; + +#endif /* _RL_PRIVATE_H_ */
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000 +++ b/readline/rlshell.h Sat Feb 10 05:13:25 2001 +0000 @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +/* rlshell.h -- utility functions normally provided by bash. */ + +/* Copyright (C) 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + + This file is part of the GNU Readline Library, a library for + reading lines of text with interactive input and history editing. + + The GNU Readline Library is free software; you can redistribute it + and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License + as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or + (at your option) any later version. + + The GNU Readline Library is distributed in the hope that it will be + useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty + of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the + GNU General Public License for more details. + + The GNU General Public License is often shipped with GNU software, and + is generally kept in a file called COPYING or LICENSE. If you do not + have a copy of the license, write to the Free Software Foundation, + 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111 USA. */ + +#if !defined (_RL_SHELL_H_) +#define _RL_SHELL_H_ + +#include "rlstdc.h" + +extern char *sh_single_quote __P((char *)); +extern void sh_set_lines_and_columns __P((int, int)); +extern char *sh_get_env_value __P((const char *)); +extern char *sh_get_home_dir __P((void)); +extern int sh_unset_nodelay_mode __P((int)); + +#endif /* _RL_SHELL_H_ */
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000 +++ b/readline/rlstdc.h Sat Feb 10 05:13:25 2001 +0000 @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +/* stdc.h -- macros to make source compile on both ANSI C and K&R C + compilers. */ + +/* Copyright (C) 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + + This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. + + Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it + under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by + the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) + any later version. + + Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT + ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY + or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public + License for more details. + + You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License + along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free + Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111 USA. */ + +#if !defined (_RL_STDC_H_) +#define _RL_STDC_H_ + +/* Adapted from BSD /usr/include/sys/cdefs.h. */ + +/* A function can be defined using prototypes and compile on both ANSI C + and traditional C compilers with something like this: + extern char *func __P((char *, char *, int)); */ + +#if !defined (__P) +# if defined (__STDC__) || defined (__GNUC__) || defined (__cplusplus) +# define __P(protos) protos +# else +# define __P(protos) () +# endif +#endif + +#if !defined (__STDC__) && !defined (__cplusplus) +# if defined (__GNUC__) /* gcc with -traditional */ +# if !defined (const) +# define const __const +# endif /* !const */ +# else /* !__GNUC__ */ +# if !defined (const) +# define const +# endif /* !const */ +# endif /* !__GNUC__ */ +#endif /* !__STDC__ && !__cplusplus */ + +#endif /* !_RL_STDC_H_ */
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000 +++ b/readline/rltypedefs.h Sat Feb 10 05:13:25 2001 +0000 @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ +/* rltypedefs.h -- Type declarations for readline functions. */ + +/* Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + + This file is part of the GNU Readline Library, a library for + reading lines of text with interactive input and history editing. + + The GNU Readline Library is free software; you can redistribute it + and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License + as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or + (at your option) any later version. + + The GNU Readline Library is distributed in the hope that it will be + useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty + of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the + GNU General Public License for more details. + + The GNU General Public License is often shipped with GNU software, and + is generally kept in a file called COPYING or LICENSE. If you do not + have a copy of the license, write to the Free Software Foundation, + 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111 USA. */ + +#ifndef _RL_TYPEDEFS_H_ +#define _RL_TYPEDEFS_H_ + +#ifdef __cplusplus +extern "C" { +#endif + +/* Old-style */ + +#if !defined (_FUNCTION_DEF) +# define _FUNCTION_DEF + +typedef int Function (); +typedef void VFunction (); +typedef char *CPFunction (); +typedef char **CPPFunction (); + +#endif /* _FUNCTION_DEF */ + +/* New style. */ + +#if !defined (_RL_FUNCTION_TYPEDEF) +# define _RL_FUNCTION_TYPEDEF + +/* Bindable functions */ +typedef int rl_command_func_t __P((int, int)); + +/* Typedefs for the completion system */ +typedef char *rl_compentry_func_t __P((const char *, int)); +typedef char **rl_completion_func_t __P((const char *, int, int)); + +typedef char *rl_quote_func_t __P((char *, int, char *)); +typedef char *rl_dequote_func_t __P((char *, int)); + +typedef int rl_compignore_func_t __P((char **)); + +typedef void rl_compdisp_func_t __P((char **, int, int)); + +/* Type for input and pre-read hook functions like rl_event_hook */ +typedef int rl_hook_func_t __P((void)); + +/* Input function type */ +typedef int rl_getc_func_t __P((FILE *)); + +/* Generic function that takes a character buffer (which could be the readline + line buffer) and an index into it (which could be rl_point) and returns + an int. */ +typedef int rl_linebuf_func_t __P((char *, int)); + +/* `Generic' function pointer typedefs */ +typedef int rl_intfunc_t __P((int)); +#define rl_ivoidfunc_t rl_hook_func_t +typedef int rl_icpfunc_t __P((char *)); +typedef int rl_icppfunc_t __P((char **)); + +typedef void rl_voidfunc_t __P((void)); +typedef void rl_vintfunc_t __P((int)); +typedef void rl_vcpfunc_t __P((char *)); +typedef void rl_vcppfunc_t __P((char **)); +#endif /* _RL_FUNCTION_TYPEDEF */ + +#ifdef __cplusplus +} +#endif + +#endif /* _RL_TYPEDEFS_H_ */
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000 +++ b/readline/rlwinsize.h Sat Feb 10 05:13:25 2001 +0000 @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +/* rlwinsize.h -- an attempt to isolate some of the system-specific defines + for `struct winsize' and TIOCGWINSZ. */ + +/* Copyright (C) 1997 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + + This file contains the Readline Library (the Library), a set of + routines for providing Emacs style line input to programs that ask + for it. + + The Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify + it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by + the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) + any later version. + + The Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but + WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of + MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU + General Public License for more details. + + The GNU General Public License is often shipped with GNU software, and + is generally kept in a file called COPYING or LICENSE. If you do not + have a copy of the license, write to the Free Software Foundation, + 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111 USA. */ + +#if !defined (_RLWINSIZE_H_) +#define _RLWINSIZE_H_ + +#if defined (HAVE_CONFIG_H) +# include "config.h" +#endif + +/* Try to find the definitions of `struct winsize' and TIOGCWINSZ */ + +#if defined (GWINSZ_IN_SYS_IOCTL) && !defined (TIOCGWINSZ) +# include <sys/ioctl.h> +#endif /* GWINSZ_IN_SYS_IOCTL && !TIOCGWINSZ */ + +#if defined (STRUCT_WINSIZE_IN_TERMIOS) && !defined (STRUCT_WINSIZE_IN_SYS_IOCTL) +# include <termios.h> +#endif /* STRUCT_WINSIZE_IN_TERMIOS && !STRUCT_WINSIZE_IN_SYS_IOCTL */ + +/* Not in either of the standard places, look around. */ +#if !defined (STRUCT_WINSIZE_IN_TERMIOS) && !defined (STRUCT_WINSIZE_IN_SYS_IOCTL) +# if defined (HAVE_SYS_STREAM_H) +# include <sys/stream.h> +# endif /* HAVE_SYS_STREAM_H */ +# if defined (HAVE_SYS_PTEM_H) /* SVR4.2, at least, has it here */ +# include <sys/ptem.h> +# define _IO_PTEM_H /* work around SVR4.2 1.1.4 bug */ +# endif /* HAVE_SYS_PTEM_H */ +# if defined (HAVE_SYS_PTE_H) /* ??? */ +# include <sys/pte.h> +# endif /* HAVE_SYS_PTE_H */ +#endif /* !STRUCT_WINSIZE_IN_TERMIOS && !STRUCT_WINSIZE_IN_SYS_IOCTL */ + +#endif /* _RL_WINSIZE_H */ +
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000 +++ b/readline/savestring.c Sat Feb 10 05:13:25 2001 +0000 @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +/* savestring.c */ + +/* Copyright (C) 1998 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + + This file is part of the GNU Readline Library, a library for + reading lines of text with interactive input and history editing. + + The GNU Readline Library is free software; you can redistribute it + and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License + as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or + (at your option) any later version. + + The GNU Readline Library is distributed in the hope that it will be + useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty + of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the + GNU General Public License for more details. + + The GNU General Public License is often shipped with GNU software, and + is generally kept in a file called COPYING or LICENSE. If you do not + have a copy of the license, write to the Free Software Foundation, + 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111 USA. */ + +extern char *strcpy (); +extern char *xmalloc (); + +/* Backwards compatibility, now that savestring has been removed from + all `public' readline header files. */ +char * +savestring (s) + const char *s; +{ + return ((char *)strcpy (xmalloc (1 + (int)strlen (s)), (s))); +}
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000 +++ b/readline/xmalloc.h Sat Feb 10 05:13:25 2001 +0000 @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +/* xmalloc.h -- memory allocation that aborts on errors. */ + +/* Copyright (C) 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + + This file is part of the GNU Readline Library, a library for + reading lines of text with interactive input and history editing. + + The GNU Readline Library is free software; you can redistribute it + and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License + as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or + (at your option) any later version. + + The GNU Readline Library is distributed in the hope that it will be + useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty + of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the + GNU General Public License for more details. + + The GNU General Public License is often shipped with GNU software, and + is generally kept in a file called COPYING or LICENSE. If you do not + have a copy of the license, write to the Free Software Foundation, + 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111 USA. */ + +#if !defined (_XMALLOC_H_) +#define _XMALLOC_H_ + +#if defined (READLINE_LIBRARY) +# include "rlstdc.h" +#else +# include <readline/rlstdc.h> +#endif + +#ifndef PTR_T + +#ifdef __STDC__ +# define PTR_T void * +#else +# define PTR_T char * +#endif + +#endif /* !PTR_T */ + +extern char *xmalloc __P((int)); +extern char *xrealloc __P((void *, int)); +extern void xfree __P((void *)); + +#endif /* _XMALLOC_H_ */