--- a/doc/ChangeLog	Wed Jan 05 02:54:11 2000 +0000
+++ b/doc/ChangeLog	Wed Jan 05 04:36:51 2000 +0000
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 2000-01-04  John W. Eaton  <jwe@bevo.che.wisc.edu>
 
+	* texinfo.tex: Update to version from texinfo-4.0.
+
 	* interpreter/munge-texi.cc (process_texi_input_file): For Texinfo
 	doc strings, automatically insert an @anchor{doc-SYMBOL} command
 	just before the docstring for SYMBOL.

--- a/doc/interpreter/basics.txi	Wed Jan 05 02:54:11 2000 +0000
+++ b/doc/interpreter/basics.txi	Wed Jan 05 04:36:51 2000 +0000
@@ -205,8 +205,8 @@
 @end example
 
 @noindent
-@xref{Index Expressions} for an explanation of how to properly index
-arrays of strings and substrings in Octave, and @xref{Defining Functions} 
+@xref{Index Expressions}, for an explanation of how to properly index
+arrays of strings and substrings in Octave, and @xref{Defining Functions},
 for information about the variable @code{nargin}.
 
 @node Startup Files,  , Command Line Options, Invoking Octave

--- a/doc/interpreter/bugs.txi	Wed Jan 05 02:54:11 2000 +0000
+++ b/doc/interpreter/bugs.txi	Wed Jan 05 04:36:51 2000 +0000
@@ -471,5 +471,5 @@
 
 If you think you have found a bug in the installation procedure,
 however, you should send a complete bug report for the problem to
-@email{bug-octave@@bevo.che.wisc.edu}.  @xref{Bug Reporting} for
+@email{bug-octave@@bevo.che.wisc.edu}.  @xref{Bug Reporting}, for
 information that will help you to submit a useful report.

--- a/doc/interpreter/control.txi	Wed Jan 05 02:54:11 2000 +0000
+++ b/doc/interpreter/control.txi	Wed Jan 05 04:36:51 2000 +0000
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@
 Octave structures are accessed with a syntax much like that used
 by the C programming language.  For consistency in
 use of the data structure used in the OCST, it is recommended that
-the system structure access m-files be used (@xref{sysinterface}).
+the system structure access m-files be used (@pxref{sysinterface}).
 Some elements of the data structure are absent depending on the internal
 system representation(s) used.  More than one system representation
 can be used for SISO systems; the OCST m-files ensure that all representations
@@ -75,11 +75,13 @@
 and use of the system data structures are given in subsequent sections and
 in the online demo @code{DEMOcontrol}.
 @table @var
-@item n,nz
+@item n
+@itemx nz
 The respective number of continuous and discrete states
 in the system (scalar)
 
-@item inname, outname
+@item inname
+@itemx outname
 list of name(s) of the system input, output signal(s). (list of strings)
 
 @item sys
@@ -88,26 +90,27 @@
 This vector indicates both what representation was used to initialize
 the system data structure (called the primary system type) and which
 other representations are currently up-to-date with the primary system
-type (@xref{structaccess}).
-
-@table @var
+type (@pxref{structaccess}).
 
-@item sys(0)
-primary system type
+The value of the first element of the vector indicates the primary
+system type.
 
-           =0 for tf form (initialized with @code{tf2sys} or @code{fir2sys})
+@table @asis
+@item 0
+for tf form (initialized with @code{tf2sys} or @code{fir2sys})
 
-           =1 for zp form (initialized with @code{zp2sys})
-
-           =2 for ss form (initialized with @code{ss2sys})
+@item 1
+for zp form (initialized with @code{zp2sys})
 
-@item sys(1:3)
- boolean flags to indicate whether tf, zp, or ss, respectively,
-        are ``up to date" (whether it is safe to use the variables
-          associated with these representations).
-These flags are changed when calls are made to the @code{sysupdate} command.
+@item 2
+for ss form (initialized with @code{ss2sys})
 @end table
 
+The next three elements are boolean flags that indicate whether tf, zp,
+or ss, respectively, are ``up to date" (whether it is safe to use the
+variables associated with these representations).  These flags are
+changed when calls are made to the @code{sysupdate} command.
+
 @item tsam
  Discrete time sampling period  (nonnegative scalar).
  @var{tsam} is set to 0 for continuous time systems.
@@ -127,7 +130,6 @@
 @subsection @code{tf} format variables
 
 @table @var
-
 @item num
  numerator coefficients   (vector)
 
@@ -155,7 +157,10 @@
 @subsection @code{ss} format variables
 
 @table @var
-@item a,b,c,d
+@item a
+@itemx b
+@itemx c
+@itemx d
 The usual state-space matrices. If a system has both
         continuous and discrete states, they are sorted so that
         continuous states come first, then discrete states
@@ -172,7 +177,7 @@
 @section System Construction and Interface Functions
 
 Construction and manipulations of the OCST system data structure
-(@xref{sysstruct}) requires attention to many details in order
+(@pxref{sysstruct}) requires attention to many details in order
 to ensure that data structure contents remain consistent.  Users
 are strongly encouraged to use the system interface functions
 in this section.  Functions for the formatted display in of system
@@ -259,7 +264,7 @@
 @node blockdiag, numerical, sysdisp, Control Theory
 @section Block Diagram Manipulations
 
-@xref{systime}
+@xref{systime}.
 
 Unless otherwise noted, all parameters (input,output) are
 system data structures.
@@ -319,8 +324,6 @@
 
 @DOCSTRING(lyap)
 
-@DOCSTRING(pinv)
-
 @DOCSTRING(qzval)
 
 @DOCSTRING(zgfmul)

--- a/doc/interpreter/data.txi	Wed Jan 05 02:54:11 2000 +0000
+++ b/doc/interpreter/data.txi	Wed Jan 05 04:36:51 2000 +0000
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 small amount of C++ code.  On some systems, new data types can be loaded
 dynamically while Octave is running, so it is not necessary to recompile
 all of Octave just to add a new type.  @xref{Dynamically Linked
-Functions} for more information about Octave's dynamic linking
+Functions}, for more information about Octave's dynamic linking
 capabilities.  @ref{User-defined Data Types} describes what you must do
 to define a new data type for Octave.
 

--- a/doc/interpreter/func.txi	Wed Jan 05 02:54:11 2000 +0000
+++ b/doc/interpreter/func.txi	Wed Jan 05 04:36:51 2000 +0000
@@ -830,7 +830,7 @@
 @code{oregonator.m} file to solve the set of differential equations.
 
 On a 133 MHz Pentium running Linux, Octave can solve the problem shown
-in @ref{Ordinary Differential Equations} in about 1.4 second using the
+in @ref{Ordinary Differential Equations}, in about 1.4 seconds using the
 dynamically linked function, compared to about 19 seconds using the
 M-file.  Similar decreases in execution time can be expected for other
 functions, particularly those that rely on functions like @code{lsode}

--- a/doc/interpreter/stmt.txi	Wed Jan 05 02:54:11 2000 +0000
+++ b/doc/interpreter/stmt.txi	Wed Jan 05 04:36:51 2000 +0000
@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@
 body; but using one makes the program clearer unless the body is very
 simple.
 
-@xref{The if Statement} for a description of the variable
+@xref{The if Statement}, for a description of the variable
 @code{warn_assign_as_truth_value}.
 
 @node The for Statement, The break Statement, The while Statement, Statements

--- a/doc/interpreter/strings.txi	Wed Jan 05 02:54:11 2000 +0000
+++ b/doc/interpreter/strings.txi	Wed Jan 05 04:36:51 2000 +0000
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@
 
 @noindent
 produces the string whose contents are @samp{foobarbaz}.  @xref{Numeric
-Data Types} for more information about creating matrices.
+Data Types}, for more information about creating matrices.
 
 @menu
 * Creating Strings::            

--- a/doc/texinfo.tex	Wed Jan 05 02:54:11 2000 +0000
+++ b/doc/texinfo.tex	Wed Jan 05 04:36:51 2000 +0000
@@ -1,52 +1,72 @@
-%% TeX macros to handle Texinfo files.
-%% $Id: texinfo.tex,v 1.8 1999-10-13 21:59:12 jwe Exp $
-
-%  Copyright (C) 1985, 86, 88, 90, 91, 92, 93,
-%                94, 95, 96, 97 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-%This texinfo.tex file is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
-%modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
-%published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at
-%your option) any later version.
-
-%This texinfo.tex file is distributed in the hope that it will be
-%useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty
-%of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
-%General Public License for more details.
-
-%You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-%along with this texinfo.tex file; see the file COPYING.  If not, write
-%to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
-%Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
-
-
-%In other words, you are welcome to use, share and improve this program.
-%You are forbidden to forbid anyone else to use, share and improve
-%what you give them.   Help stamp out software-hoarding!
-
-
-% Send bug reports to bug-texinfo@gnu.org.
-% Please include a *precise* test case in each bug report.
-
-
-% Make it possible to create a .fmt file just by loading this file:
-% if the underlying format is not loaded, start by loading it now.
-% Added by gildea November 1993.
+% texinfo.tex -- TeX macros to handle Texinfo files.
+%
+% Load plain if necessary, i.e., if running under initex.
 \expandafter\ifx\csname fmtname\endcsname\relax\input plain\fi
-
-% This automatically updates the version number based on RCS.
-\def\deftexinfoversion$#1: #2 ${\def\texinfoversion{#2}}
-\deftexinfoversion$Revision: 1.8 $
-\message{Loading texinfo package [Version \texinfoversion]:}
+%
+\def\texinfoversion{1999-09-25.10}
+%
+% Copyright (C) 1985, 86, 88, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99
+% Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+%
+% This texinfo.tex file is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+% modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
+% published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at
+% your option) any later version.
+%
+% This texinfo.tex file is distributed in the hope that it will be
+% useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty
+% of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+% General Public License for more details.
+%
+% You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+% along with this texinfo.tex file; see the file COPYING.  If not, write
+% to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
+% Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+%
+% In other words, you are welcome to use, share and improve this program.
+% You are forbidden to forbid anyone else to use, share and improve
+% what you give them.   Help stamp out software-hoarding!
+%
+% Please try the latest version of texinfo.tex before submitting bug
+% reports; you can get the latest version from:
+%   ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/texinfo.tex
+%   (and all GNU mirrors, see http://www.gnu.org/order/ftp.html)
+%   ftp://texinfo.org/tex/texinfo.tex
+%   ftp://us.ctan.org/macros/texinfo/texinfo.tex
+%   (and all CTAN mirrors, finger ctan@us.ctan.org for a list).
+%   /home/gd/gnu/doc/texinfo.tex on the GNU machines.
+% The texinfo.tex in any given Texinfo distribution could well be out
+% of date, so if that's what you're using, please check.
+% Texinfo has a small home page at http://texinfo.org/.
+%
+% Send bug reports to bug-texinfo@gnu.org.  Please include including a
+% complete document in each bug report with which we can reproduce the
+% problem.  Patches are, of course, greatly appreciated.
+%
+% To process a Texinfo manual with TeX, it's most reliable to use the
+% texi2dvi shell script that comes with the distribution.  For a simple
+% manual foo.texi, however, you can get away with this:
+%   tex foo.texi
+%   texindex foo.??
+%   tex foo.texi
+%   tex foo.texi
+%   dvips foo.dvi -o # or whatever, to process the dvi file; this makes foo.ps.
+% The extra runs of TeX get the cross-reference information correct.
+% Sometimes one run after texindex suffices, and sometimes you need more
+% than two; texi2dvi does it as many times as necessary.
+%
+% It is possible to adapt texinfo.tex for other languages.  You can get
+% the existing language-specific files from ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/texinfo/.
+
+\message{Loading texinfo [version \texinfoversion]:}
 
 % If in a .fmt file, print the version number
 % and turn on active characters that we couldn't do earlier because
 % they might have appeared in the input file name.
-\everyjob{\message{[Texinfo version \texinfoversion]}\message{}
+\everyjob{\message{[Texinfo version \texinfoversion]}%
   \catcode`+=\active \catcode`\_=\active}
 
 % Save some parts of plain tex whose names we will redefine.
-
 \let\ptexb=\b
 \let\ptexbullet=\bullet
 \let\ptexc=\c
@@ -54,25 +74,17 @@
 \let\ptexdot=\.
 \let\ptexdots=\dots
 \let\ptexend=\end
-\let\ptexequiv = \equiv
+\let\ptexequiv=\equiv
+\let\ptexexclam=\!
 \let\ptexi=\i
 \let\ptexlbrace=\{
 \let\ptexrbrace=\}
 \let\ptexstar=\*
 \let\ptext=\t
 
-% Be sure we're in horizontal mode when doing a tie, since we make space
-% equivalent to this in @example-like environments. Otherwise, a space
-% at the beginning of a line will start with \penalty -- and
-% since \penalty is valid in vertical mode, we'd end up putting the
-% penalty on the vertical list instead of in the new paragraph.
-{\catcode`@ = 11
- % Avoid using \@M directly, because that causes trouble
- % if the definition is written into an index file.
- \global\let\tiepenalty = \@M
- \gdef\tie{\leavevmode\penalty\tiepenalty\ }
-}
-
+% We never want plain's outer \+ definition in Texinfo.
+% For @tex, we can use \tabalign.
+\let\+ = \relax
 
 \message{Basics,}
 \chardef\other=12
@@ -81,18 +93,47 @@
 % starts a new line in the output.
 \newlinechar = `^^J
 
-% Set up fixed words for English.
-\ifx\putwordChapter\undefined{\gdef\putwordChapter{Chapter}}\fi%
-\def\putwordInfo{Info}%
-\ifx\putwordSee\undefined{\gdef\putwordSee{See}}\fi%
-\ifx\putwordsee\undefined{\gdef\putwordsee{see}}\fi%
-\ifx\putwordfile\undefined{\gdef\putwordfile{file}}\fi%
-\ifx\putwordpage\undefined{\gdef\putwordpage{page}}\fi%
-\ifx\putwordsection\undefined{\gdef\putwordsection{section}}\fi%
-\ifx\putwordSection\undefined{\gdef\putwordSection{Section}}\fi%
-\ifx\putwordTableofContents\undefined{\gdef\putwordTableofContents{Table of Contents}}\fi%
-\ifx\putwordShortContents\undefined{\gdef\putwordShortContents{Short Contents}}\fi%
-\ifx\putwordAppendix\undefined{\gdef\putwordAppendix{Appendix}}\fi%
+% Set up fixed words for English if not already set.
+\ifx\putwordAppendix\undefined  \gdef\putwordAppendix{Appendix}\fi
+\ifx\putwordChapter\undefined   \gdef\putwordChapter{Chapter}\fi
+\ifx\putwordfile\undefined      \gdef\putwordfile{file}\fi
+\ifx\putwordin\undefined        \gdef\putwordin{in}\fi
+\ifx\putwordIndexIsEmpty\undefined     \gdef\putwordIndexIsEmpty{(Index is empty)}\fi
+\ifx\putwordIndexNonexistent\undefined \gdef\putwordIndexNonexistent{(Index is nonexistent)}\fi
+\ifx\putwordInfo\undefined      \gdef\putwordInfo{Info}\fi
+\ifx\putwordInstanceVariableof\undefined \gdef\putwordInstanceVariableof{Instance Variable of}\fi
+\ifx\putwordMethodon\undefined  \gdef\putwordMethodon{Method on}\fi
+\ifx\putwordNoTitle\undefined   \gdef\putwordNoTitle{No Title}\fi
+\ifx\putwordof\undefined        \gdef\putwordof{of}\fi
+\ifx\putwordon\undefined        \gdef\putwordon{on}\fi
+\ifx\putwordpage\undefined      \gdef\putwordpage{page}\fi
+\ifx\putwordsection\undefined   \gdef\putwordsection{section}\fi
+\ifx\putwordSection\undefined   \gdef\putwordSection{Section}\fi
+\ifx\putwordsee\undefined       \gdef\putwordsee{see}\fi
+\ifx\putwordSee\undefined       \gdef\putwordSee{See}\fi
+\ifx\putwordShortTOC\undefined  \gdef\putwordShortTOC{Short Contents}\fi
+\ifx\putwordTOC\undefined       \gdef\putwordTOC{Table of Contents}\fi
+%
+\ifx\putwordMJan\undefined \gdef\putwordMJan{January}\fi
+\ifx\putwordMFeb\undefined \gdef\putwordMFeb{February}\fi
+\ifx\putwordMMar\undefined \gdef\putwordMMar{March}\fi
+\ifx\putwordMApr\undefined \gdef\putwordMApr{April}\fi
+\ifx\putwordMMay\undefined \gdef\putwordMMay{May}\fi
+\ifx\putwordMJun\undefined \gdef\putwordMJun{June}\fi
+\ifx\putwordMJul\undefined \gdef\putwordMJul{July}\fi
+\ifx\putwordMAug\undefined \gdef\putwordMAug{August}\fi
+\ifx\putwordMSep\undefined \gdef\putwordMSep{September}\fi
+\ifx\putwordMOct\undefined \gdef\putwordMOct{October}\fi
+\ifx\putwordMNov\undefined \gdef\putwordMNov{November}\fi
+\ifx\putwordMDec\undefined \gdef\putwordMDec{December}\fi
+%
+\ifx\putwordDefmac\undefined    \gdef\putwordDefmac{Macro}\fi
+\ifx\putwordDefspec\undefined   \gdef\putwordDefspec{Special Form}\fi
+\ifx\putwordDefvar\undefined    \gdef\putwordDefvar{Variable}\fi
+\ifx\putwordDefopt\undefined    \gdef\putwordDefopt{User Option}\fi
+\ifx\putwordDeftypevar\undefined\gdef\putwordDeftypevar{Variable}\fi
+\ifx\putwordDeffunc\undefined   \gdef\putwordDeffunc{Function}\fi
+\ifx\putwordDeftypefun\undefined\gdef\putwordDeftypefun{Function}\fi
 
 % Ignore a token.
 %
@@ -101,6 +142,7 @@
 \hyphenation{ap-pen-dix}
 \hyphenation{mini-buf-fer mini-buf-fers}
 \hyphenation{eshell}
+\hyphenation{white-space}
 
 % Margin to add to right of even pages, to left of odd pages.
 \newdimen \bindingoffset
@@ -112,30 +154,35 @@
 % since that produces some useless output on the terminal.
 %
 \def\gloggingall{\begingroup \globaldefs = 1 \loggingall \endgroup}%
+\ifx\eTeXversion\undefined
 \def\loggingall{\tracingcommands2 \tracingstats2
    \tracingpages1 \tracingoutput1 \tracinglostchars1
    \tracingmacros2 \tracingparagraphs1 \tracingrestores1
    \showboxbreadth\maxdimen\showboxdepth\maxdimen
 }%
+\else
+\def\loggingall{\tracingcommands3 \tracingstats2
+   \tracingpages1 \tracingoutput1 \tracinglostchars1
+   \tracingmacros2 \tracingparagraphs1 \tracingrestores1
+   \tracingscantokens1 \tracingassigns1 \tracingifs1
+   \tracinggroups1 \tracingnesting2
+   \showboxbreadth\maxdimen\showboxdepth\maxdimen
+}%
+\fi
 
 % For @cropmarks command.
 % Do @cropmarks to get crop marks.
-% 
+%
 \newif\ifcropmarks
 \let\cropmarks = \cropmarkstrue
 %
 % Dimensions to add cropmarks at corners.
 % Added by P. A. MacKay, 12 Nov. 1986
 %
-\newdimen\cornerlong \newdimen\cornerthick
-\newdimen\topandbottommargin
-\newdimen\outerhsize \newdimen\outervsize
-\cornerlong=1pc\cornerthick=.3pt        % These set size of cropmarks
-\outerhsize=7in
-%\outervsize=9.5in
-% Alternative @smallbook page size is 9.25in
-\outervsize=9.25in
-\topandbottommargin=.75in
+\newdimen\outerhsize \newdimen\outervsize % set by the paper size routines
+\newdimen\cornerlong  \cornerlong=1pc
+\newdimen\cornerthick \cornerthick=.3pt
+\newdimen\topandbottommargin \topandbottommargin=.75in
 
 % Main output routine.
 \chardef\PAGE = 255
@@ -169,13 +216,16 @@
     \shipout\vbox{%
       \ifcropmarks \vbox to \outervsize\bgroup
         \hsize = \outerhsize
-        \line{\ewtop\hfil\ewtop}%
-        \nointerlineskip
-        \line{%
-          \vbox{\moveleft\cornerthick\nstop}%
-          \hfill
-          \vbox{\moveright\cornerthick\nstop}%
-        }%
+        \vskip-\topandbottommargin
+        \vtop to0pt{%
+          \line{\ewtop\hfil\ewtop}%
+          \nointerlineskip
+          \line{%
+            \vbox{\moveleft\cornerthick\nstop}%
+            \hfill
+            \vbox{\moveright\cornerthick\nstop}%
+          }%
+          \vss}%
         \vskip\topandbottommargin
         \line\bgroup
           \hfil % center the page within the outer (page) hsize.
@@ -185,20 +235,30 @@
       %
       \unvbox\headlinebox
       \pagebody{#1}%
-      \unvbox\footlinebox
+      \ifdim\ht\footlinebox > 0pt
+        % Only leave this space if the footline is nonempty.
+        % (We lessened \vsize for it in \oddfootingxxx.)
+        % The \baselineskip=24pt in plain's \makefootline has no effect.
+        \vskip 2\baselineskip
+        \unvbox\footlinebox
+      \fi
+      %
+      \ifpdfmakepagedest \pdfmkdest{\the\pageno} \fi
       %
       \ifcropmarks
           \egroup % end of \vbox\bgroup
         \hfil\egroup % end of (centering) \line\bgroup
         \vskip\topandbottommargin plus1fill minus1fill
         \boxmaxdepth = \cornerthick
-        \line{%
-          \vbox{\moveleft\cornerthick\nsbot}%
-          \hfill
-          \vbox{\moveright\cornerthick\nsbot}%
+        \vbox to0pt{\vss
+          \line{%
+            \vbox{\moveleft\cornerthick\nsbot}%
+            \hfill
+            \vbox{\moveright\cornerthick\nsbot}%
+          }%
+          \nointerlineskip
+          \line{\ewbot\hfil\ewbot}%
         }%
-        \nointerlineskip
-        \line{\ewbot\hfil\ewbot}%
       \egroup % \vbox from first cropmarks clause
       \fi
     }% end of \shipout\vbox
@@ -314,11 +374,11 @@
 %% Call \inENV within environments (after a \begingroup)
 \newif\ifENV \ENVfalse \def\inENV{\ifENV\relax\else\ENVtrue\fi}
 \def\ENVcheck{%
-\ifENV\errmessage{Still within an environment.  Type Return to continue.}
+\ifENV\errmessage{Still within an environment; press RETURN to continue}
 \endgroup\fi} % This is not perfect, but it should reduce lossage
 
 % @begin foo  is the same as @foo, for now.
-\newhelp\EMsimple{Type <Return> to continue.}
+\newhelp\EMsimple{Press RETURN to continue.}
 
 \outer\def\begin{\parsearg\beginxxx}
 
@@ -377,7 +437,7 @@
 
 % @@ prints an @
 % Kludge this until the fonts are right (grr).
-\def\@{{\tt \char '100}}
+\def\@{{\tt\char64}}
 
 % This is turned off because it was never documented
 % and you can use @w{...} around a quote to suppress ligatures.
@@ -387,8 +447,8 @@
 %\def\'{{'}}
 
 % Used to generate quoted braces.
-\def\mylbrace {{\tt \char '173}}
-\def\myrbrace {{\tt \char '175}}
+\def\mylbrace {{\tt\char123}}
+\def\myrbrace {{\tt\char125}}
 \let\{=\mylbrace
 \let\}=\myrbrace
 \begingroup
@@ -425,6 +485,18 @@
   \fi\fi
 }
 
+% Be sure we're in horizontal mode when doing a tie, since we make space
+% equivalent to this in @example-like environments. Otherwise, a space
+% at the beginning of a line will start with \penalty -- and
+% since \penalty is valid in vertical mode, we'd end up putting the
+% penalty on the vertical list instead of in the new paragraph.
+{\catcode`@ = 11
+ % Avoid using \@M directly, because that causes trouble
+ % if the definition is written into an index file.
+ \global\let\tiepenalty = \@M
+ \gdef\tie{\leavevmode\penalty\tiepenalty\ }
+}
+
 % @: forces normal size whitespace following.
 \def\:{\spacefactor=1000 }
 
@@ -434,14 +506,11 @@
 % @. is an end-of-sentence period.
 \def\.{.\spacefactor=3000 }
 
-% @enddots{} is an end-of-sentence ellipsis.
-\gdef\enddots{$\mathinner{\ldotp\ldotp\ldotp\ldotp}$\spacefactor=3000}
-
 % @! is an end-of-sentence bang.
-\gdef\!{!\spacefactor=3000 }
+\def\!{!\spacefactor=3000 }
 
 % @? is an end-of-sentence query.
-\gdef\?{?\spacefactor=3000 }
+\def\?{?\spacefactor=3000 }
 
 % @w prevents a word break.  Without the \leavevmode, @w at the
 % beginning of a paragraph, when TeX is still in vertical mode, would
@@ -525,53 +594,81 @@
 %% This method tries to make TeX break the page naturally
 %% if the depth of the box does not fit.
 %{\baselineskip=0pt%
-%\vtop to #1\mil{\vfil}\kern -#1\mil\penalty 10000
+%\vtop to #1\mil{\vfil}\kern -#1\mil\nobreak
 %\prevdepth=-1000pt
 %}}
 
 \def\needx#1{%
-  % Go into vertical mode, so we don't make a big box in the middle of a
+  % Ensure vertical mode, so we don't make a big box in the middle of a
   % paragraph.
   \par
   %
-  % Don't add any leading before our big empty box, but allow a page
-  % break, since the best break might be right here.
-  \allowbreak
-  \nointerlineskip
-  \vtop to #1\mil{\vfil}%
-  %
-  % TeX does not even consider page breaks if a penalty added to the
-  % main vertical list is 10000 or more.  But in order to see if the
-  % empty box we just added fits on the page, we must make it consider
-  % page breaks.  On the other hand, we don't want to actually break the
-  % page after the empty box.  So we use a penalty of 9999.
-  %
-  % There is an extremely small chance that TeX will actually break the
-  % page at this \penalty, if there are no other feasible breakpoints in
-  % sight.  (If the user is using lots of big @group commands, which
-  % almost-but-not-quite fill up a page, TeX will have a hard time doing
-  % good page breaking, for example.)  However, I could not construct an
-  % example where a page broke at this \penalty; if it happens in a real
-  % document, then we can reconsider our strategy.
-  \penalty9999
-  %
-  % Back up by the size of the box, whether we did a page break or not.
-  \kern -#1\mil
-  %
-  % Do not allow a page break right after this kern.
-  \nobreak
+  % If the @need value is less than one line space, it's useless.
+  \dimen0 = #1\mil
+  \dimen2 = \ht\strutbox
+  \advance\dimen2 by \dp\strutbox
+  \ifdim\dimen0 > \dimen2
+    %
+    % Do a \strut just to make the height of this box be normal, so the
+    % normal leading is inserted relative to the preceding line.
+    % And a page break here is fine.
+    \vtop to #1\mil{\strut\vfil}%
+    %
+    % TeX does not even consider page breaks if a penalty added to the
+    % main vertical list is 10000 or more.  But in order to see if the
+    % empty box we just added fits on the page, we must make it consider
+    % page breaks.  On the other hand, we don't want to actually break the
+    % page after the empty box.  So we use a penalty of 9999.
+    %
+    % There is an extremely small chance that TeX will actually break the
+    % page at this \penalty, if there are no other feasible breakpoints in
+    % sight.  (If the user is using lots of big @group commands, which
+    % almost-but-not-quite fill up a page, TeX will have a hard time doing
+    % good page breaking, for example.)  However, I could not construct an
+    % example where a page broke at this \penalty; if it happens in a real
+    % document, then we can reconsider our strategy.
+    \penalty9999
+    %
+    % Back up by the size of the box, whether we did a page break or not.
+    \kern -#1\mil
+    %
+    % Do not allow a page break right after this kern.
+    \nobreak
+  \fi
 }
 
 % @br   forces paragraph break
 
 \let\br = \par
 
-% @dots{}  output some dots
-
-\def\dots{$\ldots$}
+% @dots{} output an ellipsis using the current font.
+% We do .5em per period so that it has the same spacing in a typewriter
+% font as three actual period characters.
+%
+\def\dots{%
+  \leavevmode
+  \hbox to 1.5em{%
+    \hskip 0pt plus 0.25fil minus 0.25fil
+    .\hss.\hss.%
+    \hskip 0pt plus 0.5fil minus 0.5fil
+  }%
+}
+
+% @enddots{} is an end-of-sentence ellipsis.
+%
+\def\enddots{%
+  \leavevmode
+  \hbox to 2em{%
+    \hskip 0pt plus 0.25fil minus 0.25fil
+    .\hss.\hss.\hss.%
+    \hskip 0pt plus 0.5fil minus 0.5fil
+  }%
+  \spacefactor=3000
+}
+
 
 % @page    forces the start of a new page
-
+%
 \def\page{\par\vfill\supereject}
 
 % @exdent text....
@@ -638,322 +735,50 @@
 % @c is the same as @comment
 % @ignore ... @end ignore  is another way to write a comment
 
-\def\comment{\catcode 64=\other \catcode 123=\other \catcode 125=\other%
-\parsearg \commentxxx}
-
-\def\commentxxx #1{\catcode 64=0 \catcode 123=1 \catcode 125=2 }
+\def\comment{\begingroup \catcode`\^^M=\other%
+\catcode`\@=\other \catcode`\{=\other \catcode`\}=\other%
+\commentxxx}
+{\catcode`\^^M=\other \gdef\commentxxx#1^^M{\endgroup}}
 
 \let\c=\comment
 
-% @paragraphindent  is defined for the Info formatting commands only.
-\let\paragraphindent=\comment
-
-% Prevent errors for section commands.
-% Used in @ignore and in failing conditionals.
-\def\ignoresections{%
-\let\chapter=\relax
-\let\unnumbered=\relax
-\let\top=\relax
-\let\unnumberedsec=\relax
-\let\unnumberedsection=\relax
-\let\unnumberedsubsec=\relax
-\let\unnumberedsubsection=\relax
-\let\unnumberedsubsubsec=\relax
-\let\unnumberedsubsubsection=\relax
-\let\section=\relax
-\let\subsec=\relax
-\let\subsubsec=\relax
-\let\subsection=\relax
-\let\subsubsection=\relax
-\let\appendix=\relax
-\let\appendixsec=\relax
-\let\appendixsection=\relax
-\let\appendixsubsec=\relax
-\let\appendixsubsection=\relax
-\let\appendixsubsubsec=\relax
-\let\appendixsubsubsection=\relax
-\let\contents=\relax
-\let\smallbook=\relax
-\let\titlepage=\relax
-}
-
-% Used in nested conditionals, where we have to parse the Texinfo source
-% and so want to turn off most commands, in case they are used
-% incorrectly.
-%
-\def\ignoremorecommands{%
-  \let\defcodeindex = \relax
-  \let\defcv = \relax
-  \let\deffn = \relax
-  \let\deffnx = \relax
-  \let\defindex = \relax
-  \let\defivar = \relax
-  \let\defmac = \relax
-  \let\defmethod = \relax
-  \let\defop = \relax
-  \let\defopt = \relax
-  \let\defspec = \relax
-  \let\deftp = \relax
-  \let\deftypefn = \relax
-  \let\deftypefun = \relax
-  \let\deftypevar = \relax
-  \let\deftypevr = \relax
-  \let\defun = \relax
-  \let\defvar = \relax
-  \let\defvr = \relax
-  \let\ref = \relax
-  \let\xref = \relax
-  \let\printindex = \relax
-  \let\pxref = \relax
-  \let\settitle = \relax
-  \let\setchapternewpage = \relax
-  \let\setchapterstyle = \relax
-  \let\everyheading = \relax
-  \let\evenheading = \relax
-  \let\oddheading = \relax
-  \let\everyfooting = \relax
-  \let\evenfooting = \relax
-  \let\oddfooting = \relax
-  \let\headings = \relax
-  \let\include = \relax
-  \let\lowersections = \relax
-  \let\down = \relax
-  \let\raisesections = \relax
-  \let\up = \relax
-  \let\set = \relax
-  \let\clear = \relax
-  \let\item = \relax
-}
-
-% Ignore @ignore ... @end ignore.
-%
-\def\ignore{\doignore{ignore}}
-
-% Also ignore @ifinfo, @ifhtml, @html, @menu, and @direntry text.
-%
-\def\ifinfo{\doignore{ifinfo}}
-\def\ifhtml{\doignore{ifhtml}}
-\def\html{\doignore{html}}
-\def\menu{\doignore{menu}}
-\def\direntry{\doignore{direntry}}
-
-% Also ignore @macro ... @end macro.  The user must run texi2dvi,
-% which runs makeinfo to do macro expansion.  Ignore @unmacro, too.
-\def\macro{\doignore{macro}}
-\let\unmacro = \comment
-
-
-% @dircategory CATEGORY  -- specify a category of the dir file
-% which this file should belong to.  Ignore this in TeX.
-\let\dircategory = \comment
-
-% Ignore text until a line `@end #1'.
-%
-\def\doignore#1{\begingroup
-  % Don't complain about control sequences we have declared \outer.
-  \ignoresections
-  %
-  % Define a command to swallow text until we reach `@end #1'.
-  \long\def\doignoretext##1\end #1{\enddoignore}%
-  %
-  % Make sure that spaces turn into tokens that match what \doignoretext wants.
-  \catcode32 = 10
-  %
-  % And now expand that command.
-  \doignoretext
-}
-
-% What we do to finish off ignored text.
+% @paragraphindent NCHARS
+% We'll use ems for NCHARS, close enough.
+% We cannot implement @paragraphindent asis, though.
+% 
+\def\asisword{asis} % no translation, these are keywords
+\def\noneword{none}
 %
-\def\enddoignore{\endgroup\ignorespaces}%
-
-\newif\ifwarnedobs\warnedobsfalse
-\def\obstexwarn{%
-  \ifwarnedobs\relax\else
-  % We need to warn folks that they may have trouble with TeX 3.0.
-  % This uses \immediate\write16 rather than \message to get newlines.
-    \immediate\write16{}
-    \immediate\write16{***WARNING*** for users of Unix TeX 3.0!}
-    \immediate\write16{This manual trips a bug in TeX version 3.0 (tex hangs).}
-    \immediate\write16{If you are running another version of TeX, relax.}
-    \immediate\write16{If you are running Unix TeX 3.0, kill this TeX process.}
-    \immediate\write16{  Then upgrade your TeX installation if you can.}
-    \immediate\write16{  (See ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/TeX.README.)}
-    \immediate\write16{If you are stuck with version 3.0, run the}
-    \immediate\write16{  script ``tex3patch'' from the Texinfo distribution}
-    \immediate\write16{  to use a workaround.}
-    \immediate\write16{}
-    \global\warnedobstrue
+\def\paragraphindent{\parsearg\doparagraphindent}
+\def\doparagraphindent#1{%
+  \def\temp{#1}%
+  \ifx\temp\asisword
+  \else
+    \ifx\temp\noneword
+      \defaultparindent = 0pt
+    \else
+      \defaultparindent = #1em
     \fi
+  \fi
+  \parindent = \defaultparindent
 }
 
-% **In TeX 3.0, setting text in \nullfont hangs tex.  For a
-% workaround (which requires the file ``dummy.tfm'' to be installed),
-% uncomment the following line:
-%%%%%\font\nullfont=dummy\let\obstexwarn=\relax
-
-% Ignore text, except that we keep track of conditional commands for
-% purposes of nesting, up to an `@end #1' command.
-%
-\def\nestedignore#1{%
-  \obstexwarn
-  % We must actually expand the ignored text to look for the @end
-  % command, so that nested ignore constructs work.  Thus, we put the
-  % text into a \vbox and then do nothing with the result.  To minimize
-  % the change of memory overflow, we follow the approach outlined on
-  % page 401 of the TeXbook: make the current font be a dummy font.
-  %
-  \setbox0 = \vbox\bgroup
-    % Don't complain about control sequences we have declared \outer.
-    \ignoresections
-    %
-    % Define `@end #1' to end the box, which will in turn undefine the
-    % @end command again.
-    \expandafter\def\csname E#1\endcsname{\egroup\ignorespaces}%
-    %
-    % We are going to be parsing Texinfo commands.  Most cause no
-    % trouble when they are used incorrectly, but some commands do
-    % complicated argument parsing or otherwise get confused, so we
-    % undefine them.
-    %
-    % We can't do anything about stray @-signs, unfortunately;
-    % they'll produce `undefined control sequence' errors.
-    \ignoremorecommands
-    %
-    % Set the current font to be \nullfont, a TeX primitive, and define
-    % all the font commands to also use \nullfont.  We don't use
-    % dummy.tfm, as suggested in the TeXbook, because not all sites
-    % might have that installed.  Therefore, math mode will still
-    % produce output, but that should be an extremely small amount of
-    % stuff compared to the main input.
-    %
-    \nullfont
-    \let\tenrm = \nullfont  \let\tenit = \nullfont  \let\tensl = \nullfont
-    \let\tenbf = \nullfont  \let\tentt = \nullfont  \let\smallcaps = \nullfont
-    \let\tensf = \nullfont
-    % Similarly for index fonts (mostly for their use in
-    % smallexample)
-    \let\indrm = \nullfont  \let\indit = \nullfont  \let\indsl = \nullfont
-    \let\indbf = \nullfont  \let\indtt = \nullfont  \let\indsc = \nullfont
-    \let\indsf = \nullfont
-    %
-    % Don't complain when characters are missing from the fonts.
-    \tracinglostchars = 0
-    %
-    % Don't bother to do space factor calculations.
-    \frenchspacing
-    %
-    % Don't report underfull hboxes.
-    \hbadness = 10000
-    %
-    % Do minimal line-breaking.
-    \pretolerance = 10000
-    %
-    % Do not execute instructions in @tex
-    \def\tex{\doignore{tex}}
-}
-
-% @set VAR sets the variable VAR to an empty value.
-% @set VAR REST-OF-LINE sets VAR to the value REST-OF-LINE.
-%
-% Since we want to separate VAR from REST-OF-LINE (which might be
-% empty), we can't just use \parsearg; we have to insert a space of our
-% own to delimit the rest of the line, and then take it out again if we
-% didn't need it.  Make sure the catcode of space is correct to avoid
-% losing inside @example, for instance.
-%
-\def\set{\begingroup\catcode` =10
-  \catcode`\-=12 \catcode`\_=12 % Allow - and _ in VAR.
-  \parsearg\setxxx}
-\def\setxxx#1{\setyyy#1 \endsetyyy}
-\def\setyyy#1 #2\endsetyyy{%
-  \def\temp{#2}%
-  \ifx\temp\empty \global\expandafter\let\csname SET#1\endcsname = \empty
-  \else \setzzz{#1}#2\endsetzzz % Remove the trailing space \setxxx inserted.
-  \fi
-  \endgroup
-}
-% Can't use \xdef to pre-expand #2 and save some time, since \temp or
-% \next or other control sequences that we've defined might get us into
-% an infinite loop. Consider `@set foo @cite{bar}'.
-\def\setzzz#1#2 \endsetzzz{\expandafter\gdef\csname SET#1\endcsname{#2}}
-
-% @clear VAR clears (i.e., unsets) the variable VAR.
-%
-\def\clear{\parsearg\clearxxx}
-\def\clearxxx#1{\global\expandafter\let\csname SET#1\endcsname=\relax}
-
-% @value{foo} gets the text saved in variable foo.
-%
-\def\value{\begingroup
-  \catcode`\-=12 \catcode`\_=12 % Allow - and _ in VAR.
-  \valuexxx}
-\def\valuexxx#1{%
-  \expandafter\ifx\csname SET#1\endcsname\relax
-    {\{No value for ``#1''\}}%
+% @exampleindent NCHARS
+% We'll use ems for NCHARS like @paragraphindent.
+% It seems @exampleindent asis isn't necessary, but
+% I preserve it to make it similar to @paragraphindent.
+\def\exampleindent{\parsearg\doexampleindent}
+\def\doexampleindent#1{%
+  \def\temp{#1}%
+  \ifx\temp\asisword
   \else
-    \csname SET#1\endcsname
-  \fi
-\endgroup}
-
-% @ifset VAR ... @end ifset reads the `...' iff VAR has been defined
-% with @set.
-%
-\def\ifset{\parsearg\ifsetxxx}
-\def\ifsetxxx #1{%
-  \expandafter\ifx\csname SET#1\endcsname\relax
-    \expandafter\ifsetfail
-  \else
-    \expandafter\ifsetsucceed
+    \ifx\temp\noneword
+      \lispnarrowing = 0pt
+    \else
+      \lispnarrowing = #1em
+    \fi
   \fi
 }
-\def\ifsetsucceed{\conditionalsucceed{ifset}}
-\def\ifsetfail{\nestedignore{ifset}}
-\defineunmatchedend{ifset}
-
-% @ifclear VAR ... @end ifclear reads the `...' iff VAR has never been
-% defined with @set, or has been undefined with @clear.
-%
-\def\ifclear{\parsearg\ifclearxxx}
-\def\ifclearxxx #1{%
-  \expandafter\ifx\csname SET#1\endcsname\relax
-    \expandafter\ifclearsucceed
-  \else
-    \expandafter\ifclearfail
-  \fi
-}
-\def\ifclearsucceed{\conditionalsucceed{ifclear}}
-\def\ifclearfail{\nestedignore{ifclear}}
-\defineunmatchedend{ifclear}
-
-% @iftex always succeeds; we read the text following, through @end
-% iftex).  But `@end iftex' should be valid only after an @iftex.
-%
-\def\iftex{\conditionalsucceed{iftex}}
-\defineunmatchedend{iftex}
-
-% We can't just want to start a group at @iftex (for example) and end it
-% at @end iftex, since then @set commands inside the conditional have no
-% effect (they'd get reverted at the end of the group).  So we must
-% define \Eiftex to redefine itself to be its previous value.  (We can't
-% just define it to fail again with an ``unmatched end'' error, since
-% the @ifset might be nested.)
-%
-\def\conditionalsucceed#1{%
-  \edef\temp{%
-    % Remember the current value of \E#1.
-    \let\nece{prevE#1} = \nece{E#1}%
-    %
-    % At the `@end #1', redefine \E#1 to be its previous value.
-    \def\nece{E#1}{\let\nece{E#1} = \nece{prevE#1}}%
-  }%
-  \temp
-}
-
-% We need to expand lots of \csname's, but we don't want to expand the
-% control sequences after we've constructed them.
-%
-\def\nece#1{\expandafter\noexpand\csname#1\endcsname}
 
 % @asis just yields its argument.  Used with @table, for example.
 %
@@ -976,63 +801,229 @@
 \def\bullet{\implicitmath\ptexbullet\implicitmath}
 \def\minus{\implicitmath-\implicitmath}
 
-\def\node{\ENVcheck\parsearg\nodezzz}
-\def\nodezzz#1{\nodexxx [#1,]}
-\def\nodexxx[#1,#2]{\gdef\lastnode{#1}}
-\let\nwnode=\node
-\let\lastnode=\relax
-
-\def\donoderef{\ifx\lastnode\relax\else
-\expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\setref{\lastnode}\fi
-\global\let\lastnode=\relax}
-
-\def\unnumbnoderef{\ifx\lastnode\relax\else
-\expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\unnumbsetref{\lastnode}\fi
-\global\let\lastnode=\relax}
-
-\def\appendixnoderef{\ifx\lastnode\relax\else
-\expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\appendixsetref{\lastnode}\fi
-\global\let\lastnode=\relax}
-
 % @refill is a no-op.
 \let\refill=\relax
 
+% If working on a large document in chapters, it is convenient to
+% be able to disable indexing, cross-referencing, and contents, for test runs.
+% This is done with @novalidate (before @setfilename).
+%
+\newif\iflinks \linkstrue % by default we want the aux files.
+\let\novalidate = \linksfalse
+
 % @setfilename is done at the beginning of every texinfo file.
 % So open here the files we need to have open while reading the input.
 % This makes it possible to make a .fmt file for texinfo.
 \def\setfilename{%
-   \readauxfile
-   \opencontents
+   \iflinks
+     \readauxfile
+   \fi % \openindices needs to do some work in any case.
    \openindices
    \fixbackslash  % Turn off hack to swallow `\input texinfo'.
    \global\let\setfilename=\comment % Ignore extra @setfilename cmds.
+   %
+   % If texinfo.cnf is present on the system, read it.
+   % Useful for site-wide @afourpaper, etc.
+   % Just to be on the safe side, close the input stream before the \input.
+   \openin 1 texinfo.cnf
+   \ifeof1 \let\temp=\relax \else \def\temp{\input texinfo.cnf }\fi
+   \closein1
+   \temp
+   %
    \comment % Ignore the actual filename.
 }
 
+% Called from \setfilename.
+%
+\def\openindices{%
+  \newindex{cp}%
+  \newcodeindex{fn}%
+  \newcodeindex{vr}%
+  \newcodeindex{tp}%
+  \newcodeindex{ky}%
+  \newcodeindex{pg}%
+}
+
 % @bye.
 \outer\def\bye{\pagealignmacro\tracingstats=1\ptexend}
 
-% \def\macro#1{\begingroup\ignoresections\catcode`\#=6\def\macrotemp{#1}\parsearg\macroxxx}
-% \def\macroxxx#1#2 \end macro{%
-% \expandafter\gdef\macrotemp#1{#2}%
-% \endgroup}
-
-%\def\linemacro#1{\begingroup\ignoresections\catcode`\#=6\def\macrotemp{#1}\parsearg\linemacroxxx}
-%\def\linemacroxxx#1#2 \end linemacro{%
-%\let\parsearg=\relax
-%\edef\macrotempx{\csname M\butfirst\expandafter\string\macrotemp\endcsname}%
-%\expandafter\xdef\macrotemp{\parsearg\macrotempx}%
-%\expandafter\gdef\macrotempx#1{#2}%
-%\endgroup}
-
-%\def\butfirst#1{}
+
+\message{pdf,}
+% adobe `portable' document format
+\newcount\tempnum
+\newcount\lnkcount
+\newtoks\filename
+\newcount\filenamelength
+\newcount\pgn
+\newtoks\toksA
+\newtoks\toksB
+\newtoks\toksC
+\newtoks\toksD
+\newbox\boxA
+\newcount\countA
+\newif\ifpdf
+\newif\ifpdfmakepagedest
+
+\ifx\pdfoutput\undefined
+  \pdffalse
+  \let\pdfmkdest = \gobble
+  \let\pdfurl = \gobble
+  \let\endlink = \relax
+  \let\linkcolor = \relax
+  \let\pdfmakeoutlines = \relax
+\else
+  \pdftrue
+  \pdfoutput = 1
+  \input pdfcolor
+  \def\dopdfimage#1#2#3{%
+    \def\imagewidth{#2}%
+    \def\imageheight{#3}%
+    \ifnum\pdftexversion < 14
+      \pdfimage
+    \else
+      \pdfximage
+    \fi
+      \ifx\empty\imagewidth\else width \imagewidth \fi
+      \ifx\empty\imageheight\else height \imageheight \fi
+      {#1.pdf}%
+    \ifnum\pdftexversion < 14 \else
+      \pdfrefximage \pdflastximage
+    \fi}
+  \def\pdfmkdest#1{\pdfdest name{#1@} xyz}
+  \def\pdfmkpgn#1{#1@}
+  \let\linkcolor = \Cyan
+  \def\endlink{\Black\pdfendlink}
+  % Adding outlines to PDF; macros for calculating structure of outlines
+  % come from Petr Olsak
+  \def\expnumber#1{\expandafter\ifx\csname#1\endcsname\relax 0%
+    \else \csname#1\endcsname \fi}
+  \def\advancenumber#1{\tempnum=\expnumber{#1}\relax
+    \advance\tempnum by1
+    \expandafter\xdef\csname#1\endcsname{\the\tempnum}}
+  \def\pdfmakeoutlines{{%
+    \openin 1 \jobname.toc
+    \ifeof 1\else\bgroup
+      \closein 1 
+      \indexnofonts
+      \def\tt{}
+      % thanh's hack / proper braces in bookmarks  
+      \edef\mylbrace{\iftrue \string{\else}\fi}\let\{=\mylbrace
+      \edef\myrbrace{\iffalse{\else\string}\fi}\let\}=\myrbrace
+      %
+      \def\chapentry ##1##2##3{}
+      \def\unnumbchapentry ##1##2{}
+      \def\secentry ##1##2##3##4{\advancenumber{chap##2}}
+      \def\unnumbsecentry ##1##2{}
+      \def\subsecentry ##1##2##3##4##5{\advancenumber{sec##2.##3}}
+      \def\unnumbsubsecentry ##1##2{}
+      \def\subsubsecentry ##1##2##3##4##5##6{\advancenumber{subsec##2.##3.##4}}
+      \def\unnumbsubsubsecentry ##1##2{}
+      \input \jobname.toc
+      \def\chapentry ##1##2##3{%
+        \pdfoutline goto name{\pdfmkpgn{##3}}count-\expnumber{chap##2}{##1}}
+      \def\unnumbchapentry ##1##2{%
+        \pdfoutline goto name{\pdfmkpgn{##2}}{##1}}
+      \def\secentry ##1##2##3##4{%
+        \pdfoutline goto name{\pdfmkpgn{##4}}count-\expnumber{sec##2.##3}{##1}}
+      \def\unnumbsecentry ##1##2{%
+        \pdfoutline goto name{\pdfmkpgn{##2}}{##1}}
+      \def\subsecentry ##1##2##3##4##5{%
+        \pdfoutline goto name{\pdfmkpgn{##5}}count-\expnumber{subsec##2.##3.##4}{##1}}
+      \def\unnumbsubsecentry ##1##2{%
+        \pdfoutline goto name{\pdfmkpgn{##2}}{##1}}
+      \def\subsubsecentry ##1##2##3##4##5##6{%
+        \pdfoutline goto name{\pdfmkpgn{##6}}{##1}}
+      \def\unnumbsubsubsecentry ##1##2{%
+        \pdfoutline goto name{\pdfmkpgn{##2}}{##1}}
+      \input \jobname.toc
+    \egroup\fi
+  }}
+  \def\makelinks #1,{%
+    \def\params{#1}\def\E{END}%
+    \ifx\params\E
+      \let\nextmakelinks=\relax
+    \else
+      \let\nextmakelinks=\makelinks
+      \ifnum\lnkcount>0,\fi
+      \picknum{#1}%
+      \startlink attr{/Border [0 0 0]} 
+        goto name{\pdfmkpgn{\the\pgn}}%
+      \linkcolor #1%
+      \advance\lnkcount by 1%
+      \endlink
+    \fi
+    \nextmakelinks
+  }
+  \def\picknum#1{\expandafter\pn#1}
+  \def\pn#1{%
+    \def\p{#1}%
+    \ifx\p\lbrace
+      \let\nextpn=\ppn
+    \else
+      \let\nextpn=\ppnn
+      \def\first{#1}
+    \fi
+    \nextpn
+  }
+  \def\ppn#1{\pgn=#1\gobble}
+  \def\ppnn{\pgn=\first}
+  \def\pdfmklnk#1{\lnkcount=0\makelinks #1,END,}
+  \def\addtokens#1#2{\edef\addtoks{\noexpand#1={\the#1#2}}\addtoks}
+  \def\skipspaces#1{\def\PP{#1}\def\D{|}%
+    \ifx\PP\D\let\nextsp\relax
+    \else\let\nextsp\skipspaces
+      \ifx\p\space\else\addtokens{\filename}{\PP}%
+        \advance\filenamelength by 1
+      \fi
+    \fi
+    \nextsp}
+  \def\getfilename#1{\filenamelength=0\expandafter\skipspaces#1|\relax}
+  \ifnum\pdftexversion < 14
+    \let \startlink \pdfannotlink
+  \else
+    \let \startlink \pdfstartlink
+  \fi
+  \def\pdfurl#1{%
+    \begingroup
+      \normalturnoffactive\def\@{@}%
+      \leavevmode\Red
+      \startlink attr{/Border [0 0 0]}%
+        user{/Subtype /Link /A << /S /URI /URI (#1) >>}%
+        % #1
+    \endgroup}
+  \def\pdfgettoks#1.{\setbox\boxA=\hbox{\toksA={#1.}\toksB={}\maketoks}}
+  \def\addtokens#1#2{\edef\addtoks{\noexpand#1={\the#1#2}}\addtoks}
+  \def\adn#1{\addtokens{\toksC}{#1}\global\countA=1\let\next=\maketoks}
+  \def\poptoks#1#2|ENDTOKS|{\let\first=#1\toksD={#1}\toksA={#2}}
+  \def\maketoks{%
+    \expandafter\poptoks\the\toksA|ENDTOKS|
+    \ifx\first0\adn0
+    \else\ifx\first1\adn1 \else\ifx\first2\adn2 \else\ifx\first3\adn3
+    \else\ifx\first4\adn4 \else\ifx\first5\adn5 \else\ifx\first6\adn6
+    \else\ifx\first7\adn7 \else\ifx\first8\adn8 \else\ifx\first9\adn9 
+    \else
+      \ifnum0=\countA\else\makelink\fi
+      \ifx\first.\let\next=\done\else
+        \let\next=\maketoks
+        \addtokens{\toksB}{\the\toksD}
+        \ifx\first,\addtokens{\toksB}{\space}\fi
+      \fi
+    \fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi
+    \next}
+  \def\makelink{\addtokens{\toksB}%
+    {\noexpand\pdflink{\the\toksC}}\toksC={}\global\countA=0}
+  \def\pdflink#1{%
+    \startlink attr{/Border [0 0 0]} goto name{\mkpgn{#1}}
+    \linkcolor #1\endlink}
+  \def\mkpgn#1{#1@} 
+  \def\done{\edef\st{\global\noexpand\toksA={\the\toksB}}\st}
+\fi % \ifx\pdfoutput
 
 
 \message{fonts,}
-
 % Font-change commands.
 
-% Texinfo supports the sans serif font style, which plain TeX does not.
+% Texinfo sort of supports the sans serif font style, which plain TeX does not.
 % So we set up a \sf analogous to plain's \rm, etc.
 \newfam\sffam
 \def\sf{\fam=\sffam \tensf}
@@ -1041,8 +1032,9 @@
 % We don't need math for this one.
 \def\ttsl{\tenttsl}
 
-%% Try out Computer Modern fonts at \magstephalf
-\let\mainmagstep=\magstephalf
+% Use Computer Modern fonts at \magstephalf (11pt).
+\newcount\mainmagstep
+\mainmagstep=\magstephalf
 
 % Set the font macro #1 to the font named #2, adding on the
 % specified font prefix (normally `cm').
@@ -1097,22 +1089,30 @@
 \setfont\deftt\ttshape{10}{\magstep1}
 \def\df{\let\tentt=\deftt \let\tenbf = \defbf \bf}
 
-% Fonts for indices and small examples (9pt).
-% We actually use the slanted font rather than the italic,
-% because texinfo normally uses the slanted fonts for that.
-% Do not make many font distinctions in general in the index, since they
-% aren't very useful.
-\setfont\ninett\ttshape{9}{1000}
-\setfont\indrm\rmshape{9}{1000}
-\setfont\indit\slshape{9}{1000}
-\let\indsl=\indit
-\let\indtt=\ninett
-\let\indttsl=\ninett
-\let\indsf=\indrm
-\let\indbf=\indrm
-\setfont\indsc\scshape{10}{900}
-\font\indi=cmmi9
-\font\indsy=cmsy9
+% Fonts for indices, footnotes, small examples (9pt).
+\setfont\smallrm\rmshape{9}{1000}
+\setfont\smalltt\ttshape{9}{1000}
+\setfont\smallbf\bfshape{10}{900}
+\setfont\smallit\itshape{9}{1000}
+\setfont\smallsl\slshape{9}{1000}
+\setfont\smallsf\sfshape{9}{1000}
+\setfont\smallsc\scshape{10}{900}
+\setfont\smallttsl\ttslshape{10}{900}
+\font\smalli=cmmi9
+\font\smallsy=cmsy9
+
+% Fonts for title page:
+\setfont\titlerm\rmbshape{12}{\magstep3}
+\setfont\titleit\itbshape{10}{\magstep4}
+\setfont\titlesl\slbshape{10}{\magstep4}
+\setfont\titlett\ttbshape{12}{\magstep3}
+\setfont\titlettsl\ttslshape{10}{\magstep4}
+\setfont\titlesf\sfbshape{17}{\magstep1}
+\let\titlebf=\titlerm
+\setfont\titlesc\scbshape{10}{\magstep4}
+\font\titlei=cmmi12 scaled \magstep3
+\font\titlesy=cmsy10 scaled \magstep4
+\def\authorrm{\secrm}
 
 % Chapter (and unnumbered) fonts (17.28pt).
 \setfont\chaprm\rmbshape{12}{\magstep2}
@@ -1120,7 +1120,7 @@
 \setfont\chapsl\slbshape{10}{\magstep3}
 \setfont\chaptt\ttbshape{12}{\magstep2}
 \setfont\chapttsl\ttslshape{10}{\magstep3}
-\setfont\chapsf\sfbshape{12}{\magstep2}
+\setfont\chapsf\sfbshape{17}{1000}
 \let\chapbf=\chaprm
 \setfont\chapsc\scbshape{10}{\magstep3}
 \font\chapi=cmmi12 scaled \magstep2
@@ -1157,19 +1157,15 @@
 \setfont\ssecit\itbshape{10}{1315}
 \setfont\ssecsl\slbshape{10}{1315}
 \setfont\ssectt\ttbshape{12}{\magstephalf}
-\setfont\ssecttsl\ttslshape{10}{\magstep1}
+\setfont\ssecttsl\ttslshape{10}{1315}
 \setfont\ssecsf\sfbshape{12}{\magstephalf}
 \let\ssecbf\ssecrm
 \setfont\ssecsc\scbshape{10}{\magstep1}
 \font\sseci=cmmi12 scaled \magstephalf
-\font\ssecsy=cmsy10 scaled \magstep1
+\font\ssecsy=cmsy10 scaled 1315
 % The smallcaps and symbol fonts should actually be scaled \magstep1.5,
 % but that is not a standard magnification.
 
-% Fonts for title page:
-\setfont\titlerm\rmbshape{12}{\magstep3}
-\let\authorrm = \secrm
-
 % In order for the font changes to affect most math symbols and letters,
 % we have to define the \textfont of the standard families.  Since
 % texinfo doesn't allow for producing subscripts and superscripts, we
@@ -1194,6 +1190,13 @@
   \let\tenbf=\textbf \let\tentt=\texttt \let\smallcaps=\textsc
   \let\tensf=\textsf \let\teni=\texti \let\tensy=\textsy \let\tenttsl=\textttsl
   \resetmathfonts}
+\def\titlefonts{%
+  \let\tenrm=\titlerm \let\tenit=\titleit \let\tensl=\titlesl
+  \let\tenbf=\titlebf \let\tentt=\titlett \let\smallcaps=\titlesc
+  \let\tensf=\titlesf \let\teni=\titlei \let\tensy=\titlesy
+  \let\tenttsl=\titlettsl
+  \resetmathfonts \setleading{25pt}}
+\def\titlefont#1{{\titlefonts\rm #1}}
 \def\chapfonts{%
   \let\tenrm=\chaprm \let\tenit=\chapit \let\tensl=\chapsl
   \let\tenbf=\chapbf \let\tentt=\chaptt \let\smallcaps=\chapsc
@@ -1210,16 +1213,21 @@
   \let\tensf=\ssecsf \let\teni=\sseci \let\tensy=\ssecsy \let\tenttsl=\ssecttsl
   \resetmathfonts \setleading{15pt}}
 \let\subsubsecfonts = \subsecfonts % Maybe make sssec fonts scaled magstephalf?
-\def\indexfonts{%
-  \let\tenrm=\indrm \let\tenit=\indit \let\tensl=\indsl
-  \let\tenbf=\indbf \let\tentt=\indtt \let\smallcaps=\indsc
-  \let\tensf=\indsf \let\teni=\indi \let\tensy=\indsy \let\tenttsl=\indttsl
-  \resetmathfonts \setleading{12pt}}
+\def\smallfonts{%
+  \let\tenrm=\smallrm \let\tenit=\smallit \let\tensl=\smallsl
+  \let\tenbf=\smallbf \let\tentt=\smalltt \let\smallcaps=\smallsc
+  \let\tensf=\smallsf \let\teni=\smalli \let\tensy=\smallsy
+  \let\tenttsl=\smallttsl
+  \resetmathfonts \setleading{11pt}}
 
 % Set up the default fonts, so we can use them for creating boxes.
 %
 \textfonts
 
+% Define these so they can be easily changed for other fonts.
+\def\angleleft{$\langle$}
+\def\angleright{$\rangle$}
+
 % Count depth in font-changes, for error checks
 \newcount\fontdepth \fontdepth=0
 
@@ -1234,13 +1242,14 @@
 % \smartitalic{ARG} outputs arg in italics, followed by an italic correction
 % unless the following character is such as not to need one.
 \def\smartitalicx{\ifx\next,\else\ifx\next-\else\ifx\next.\else\/\fi\fi\fi}
-\def\smartitalic#1{{\sl #1}\futurelet\next\smartitalicx}
+\def\smartslanted#1{{\sl #1}\futurelet\next\smartitalicx}
+\def\smartitalic#1{{\it #1}\futurelet\next\smartitalicx}
 
 \let\i=\smartitalic
-\let\var=\smartitalic
-\let\dfn=\smartitalic
+\let\var=\smartslanted
+\let\dfn=\smartslanted
 \let\emph=\smartitalic
-\let\cite=\smartitalic
+\let\cite=\smartslanted
 
 \def\b#1{{\bf #1}}
 \let\strong=\b
@@ -1257,22 +1266,22 @@
   \null
 }
 \let\ttfont=\t
-\def\samp #1{`\tclose{#1}'\null}
-\setfont\smallrm\rmshape{8}{1000}
-\font\smallsy=cmsy9
-\def\key#1{{\smallrm\textfont2=\smallsy \leavevmode\hbox{%
-  \raise0.4pt\hbox{$\langle$}\kern-.08em\vtop{%
+\def\samp#1{`\tclose{#1}'\null}
+\setfont\keyrm\rmshape{8}{1000}
+\font\keysy=cmsy9
+\def\key#1{{\keyrm\textfont2=\keysy \leavevmode\hbox{%
+  \raise0.4pt\hbox{\angleleft}\kern-.08em\vtop{%
     \vbox{\hrule\kern-0.4pt
-     \hbox{\raise0.4pt\hbox{\vphantom{$\langle$}}#1}}%
+     \hbox{\raise0.4pt\hbox{\vphantom{\angleleft}}#1}}%
     \kern-0.4pt\hrule}%
-  \kern-.06em\raise0.4pt\hbox{$\rangle$}}}}
+  \kern-.06em\raise0.4pt\hbox{\angleright}}}}
 % The old definition, with no lozenge:
 %\def\key #1{{\ttsl \nohyphenation \uppercase{#1}}\null}
 \def\ctrl #1{{\tt \rawbackslash \hat}#1}
 
+% @file, @option are the same as @samp.
 \let\file=\samp
-\let\url=\samp % perhaps include a hypertex \special eventually
-\def\email#1{$\langle${\tt #1}$\rangle$}
+\let\option=\samp
 
 % @code is a modification of @t,
 % which makes spaces the same size as normal in the surrounding text.
@@ -1307,20 +1316,18 @@
 % and arrange explicitly to hyphenate at a dash.
 %  -- rms.
 {
-\catcode`\-=\active
-\catcode`\_=\active
-\catcode`\|=\active
-\global\def\code{\begingroup \catcode`\-=\active \let-\codedash \catcode`\_=\active \let_\codeunder \codex}
-% The following is used by \doprintindex to insure that long function names
-% wrap around.  It is necessary for - and _ to be active before the index is
-% read from the file, as \entry parses the arguments long before \code is
-% ever called.  -- mycroft
-% _ is always active; and it shouldn't be \let = to an _ that is a
-% subscript character anyway. Then, @cindex @samp{_} (for example)
-% fails.  --karl
-\global\def\indexbreaks{%
-  \catcode`\-=\active \let-\realdash
-}
+  \catcode`\-=\active
+  \catcode`\_=\active
+  %
+  \global\def\code{\begingroup
+    \catcode`\-=\active \let-\codedash
+    \catcode`\_=\active \let_\codeunder
+    \codex
+  }
+  %
+  % If we end up with any active - characters when handling the index,
+  % just treat them as a normal -.
+  \global\def\indexbreaks{\catcode`\-=\active \let-\realdash}
 }
 
 \def\realdash{-}
@@ -1332,12 +1339,84 @@
 
 % @kbd is like @code, except that if the argument is just one @key command,
 % then @kbd has no effect.
-%
+
+% @kbdinputstyle -- arg is `distinct' (@kbd uses slanted tty font always),
+%   `example' (@kbd uses ttsl only inside of @example and friends),
+%   or `code' (@kbd uses normal tty font always).
+\def\kbdinputstyle{\parsearg\kbdinputstylexxx}
+\def\kbdinputstylexxx#1{%
+  \def\arg{#1}%
+  \ifx\arg\worddistinct
+    \gdef\kbdexamplefont{\ttsl}\gdef\kbdfont{\ttsl}%
+  \else\ifx\arg\wordexample
+    \gdef\kbdexamplefont{\ttsl}\gdef\kbdfont{\tt}%
+  \else\ifx\arg\wordcode
+    \gdef\kbdexamplefont{\tt}\gdef\kbdfont{\tt}%
+  \fi\fi\fi
+}
+\def\worddistinct{distinct}
+\def\wordexample{example}
+\def\wordcode{code}
+
+% Default is kbdinputdistinct.  (Too much of a hassle to call the macro,
+% the catcodes are wrong for parsearg to work.)
+\gdef\kbdexamplefont{\ttsl}\gdef\kbdfont{\ttsl}
+
 \def\xkey{\key}
 \def\kbdfoo#1#2#3\par{\def\one{#1}\def\three{#3}\def\threex{??}%
 \ifx\one\xkey\ifx\threex\three \key{#2}%
-\else{\tclose{\ttsl\look}}\fi
-\else{\tclose{\ttsl\look}}\fi}
+\else{\tclose{\kbdfont\look}}\fi
+\else{\tclose{\kbdfont\look}}\fi}
+
+% For @url, @env, @command quotes seem unnecessary, so use \code.
+\let\url=\code
+\let\env=\code
+\let\command=\code
+
+% @uref (abbreviation for `urlref') takes an optional (comma-separated)
+% second argument specifying the text to display and an optional third
+% arg as text to display instead of (rather than in addition to) the url
+% itself.  First (mandatory) arg is the url.  Perhaps eventually put in
+% a hypertex \special here.
+%
+\def\uref#1{\douref #1,,,\finish}
+\def\douref#1,#2,#3,#4\finish{\begingroup
+  \unsepspaces
+  \pdfurl{#1}%
+  \setbox0 = \hbox{\ignorespaces #3}%
+  \ifdim\wd0 > 0pt
+    \unhbox0 % third arg given, show only that
+  \else
+    \setbox0 = \hbox{\ignorespaces #2}%
+    \ifdim\wd0 > 0pt
+      \ifpdf
+        \unhbox0             % PDF: 2nd arg given, show only it
+      \else
+        \unhbox0\ (\code{#1})% DVI: 2nd arg given, show both it and url
+      \fi
+    \else
+      \code{#1}% only url given, so show it
+    \fi
+  \fi
+  \endlink
+\endgroup}
+
+% rms does not like angle brackets --karl, 17may97.
+% So now @email is just like @uref, unless we are pdf.
+% 
+%\def\email#1{\angleleft{\tt #1}\angleright}
+\ifpdf
+  \def\email#1{\doemail#1,,\finish}
+  \def\doemail#1,#2,#3\finish{\begingroup
+    \unsepspaces
+    \pdfurl{mailto:#1}%
+    \setbox0 = \hbox{\ignorespaces #2}%
+    \ifdim\wd0>0pt\unhbox0\else\code{#1}\fi
+    \endlink
+  \endgroup}
+\else
+  \let\email=\uref
+\fi
 
 % Check if we are currently using a typewriter font.  Since all the
 % Computer Modern typewriter fonts have zero interword stretch (and
@@ -1347,8 +1426,7 @@
 \def\ifmonospace{\ifdim\fontdimen3\font=0pt }
 
 % Typeset a dimension, e.g., `in' or `pt'.  The only reason for the
-% argument is to make the input look right: @dmn{pt} instead of
-% @dmn{}pt.
+% argument is to make the input look right: @dmn{pt} instead of @dmn{}pt.
 %
 \def\dmn#1{\thinspace #1}
 
@@ -1359,11 +1437,14 @@
 % Polish suppressed-l.  --karl, 22sep96.
 %\def\l#1{{\li #1}\null}
 
+% Explicit font changes: @r, @sc, undocumented @ii.
 \def\r#1{{\rm #1}}              % roman font
-% Use of \lowercase was suggested.
 \def\sc#1{{\smallcaps#1}}       % smallcaps font
 \def\ii#1{{\it #1}}             % italic font
 
+% @acronym downcases the argument and prints in smallcaps.
+\def\acronym#1{{\smallcaps \lowercase{#1}}}
+
 % @pounds{} is a sterling sign.
 \def\pounds{{\it\$}}
 
@@ -1374,20 +1455,23 @@
 \newskip\titlepagebottomglue \titlepagebottomglue = 2pc
 
 % First the title page.  Must do @settitle before @titlepage.
-\def\titlefont#1{{\titlerm #1}}
-
 \newif\ifseenauthor
 \newif\iffinishedtitlepage
 
+% Do an implicit @contents or @shortcontents after @end titlepage if the
+% user says @setcontentsaftertitlepage or @setshortcontentsaftertitlepage.
+%
+\newif\ifsetcontentsaftertitlepage
+ \let\setcontentsaftertitlepage = \setcontentsaftertitlepagetrue
+\newif\ifsetshortcontentsaftertitlepage
+ \let\setshortcontentsaftertitlepage = \setshortcontentsaftertitlepagetrue
+
 \def\shorttitlepage{\parsearg\shorttitlepagezzz}
 \def\shorttitlepagezzz #1{\begingroup\hbox{}\vskip 1.5in \chaprm \centerline{#1}%
         \endgroup\page\hbox{}\page}
 
 \def\titlepage{\begingroup \parindent=0pt \textfonts
    \let\subtitlerm=\tenrm
-% I deinstalled the following change because \cmr12 is undefined.
-% This change was not in the ChangeLog anyway.  --rms.
-%   \let\subtitlerm=\cmr12
    \def\subtitlefont{\subtitlerm \normalbaselineskip = 13pt \normalbaselines}%
    %
    \def\authorfont{\authorrm \normalbaselineskip = 16pt \normalbaselines}%
@@ -1397,7 +1481,7 @@
    %
    % Now you can print the title using @title.
    \def\title{\parsearg\titlezzz}%
-   \def\titlezzz##1{\leftline{\titlefont{##1}}
+   \def\titlezzz##1{\leftline{\titlefonts\rm ##1}
                     % print a rule at the page bottom also.
                     \finishedtitlepagefalse
                     \vskip4pt \hrule height 4pt width \hsize \vskip4pt}%
@@ -1436,6 +1520,23 @@
    % after the title page, which we certainly don't want.
    \oldpage
    \endgroup
+   %
+   % If they want short, they certainly want long too.
+   \ifsetshortcontentsaftertitlepage
+     \shortcontents
+     \contents
+     \global\let\shortcontents = \relax
+     \global\let\contents = \relax
+   \fi
+   %
+   \ifsetcontentsaftertitlepage
+     \contents
+     \global\let\contents = \relax
+     \global\let\shortcontents = \relax
+   \fi
+   %
+   \ifpdf \pdfmakepagedesttrue \fi
+   %
    \HEADINGSon
 }
 
@@ -1449,10 +1550,10 @@
 
 \let\thispage=\folio
 
-\newtoks \evenheadline    % Token sequence for heading line of even pages
-\newtoks \oddheadline     % Token sequence for heading line of odd pages
-\newtoks \evenfootline    % Token sequence for footing line of even pages
-\newtoks \oddfootline     % Token sequence for footing line of odd pages
+\newtoks\evenheadline    % headline on even pages
+\newtoks\oddheadline     % headline on odd pages
+\newtoks\evenfootline    % footline on even pages
+\newtoks\oddfootline     % footline on odd pages
 
 % Now make Tex use those variables
 \headline={{\textfonts\rm \ifodd\pageno \the\oddheadline
@@ -1486,10 +1587,7 @@
 \gdef\oddheadingyyy #1@|#2@|#3@|#4\finish{%
 \global\oddheadline={\rlap{\centerline{#2}}\line{#1\hfil#3}}}
 
-\gdef\everyheadingxxx #1{\everyheadingyyy #1@|@|@|@|\finish}
-\gdef\everyheadingyyy #1@|#2@|#3@|#4\finish{%
-\global\evenheadline={\rlap{\centerline{#2}}\line{#1\hfil#3}}
-\global\oddheadline={\rlap{\centerline{#2}}\line{#1\hfil#3}}}
+\gdef\everyheadingxxx#1{\oddheadingxxx{#1}\evenheadingxxx{#1}}%
 
 \gdef\evenfootingxxx #1{\evenfootingyyy #1@|@|@|@|\finish}
 \gdef\evenfootingyyy #1@|#2@|#3@|#4\finish{%
@@ -1497,12 +1595,15 @@
 
 \gdef\oddfootingxxx #1{\oddfootingyyy #1@|@|@|@|\finish}
 \gdef\oddfootingyyy #1@|#2@|#3@|#4\finish{%
-\global\oddfootline={\rlap{\centerline{#2}}\line{#1\hfil#3}}}
-
-\gdef\everyfootingxxx #1{\everyfootingyyy #1@|@|@|@|\finish}
-\gdef\everyfootingyyy #1@|#2@|#3@|#4\finish{%
-\global\evenfootline={\rlap{\centerline{#2}}\line{#1\hfil#3}}
-\global\oddfootline={\rlap{\centerline{#2}}\line{#1\hfil#3}}}
+  \global\oddfootline = {\rlap{\centerline{#2}}\line{#1\hfil#3}}%
+  %
+  % Leave some space for the footline.  Hopefully ok to assume
+  % @evenfooting will not be used by itself.
+  \global\advance\pageheight by -\baselineskip
+  \global\advance\vsize by -\baselineskip
+}
+
+\gdef\everyfootingxxx#1{\oddfootingxxx{#1}\evenfootingxxx{#1}}
 %
 }% unbind the catcode of @.
 
@@ -1570,39 +1671,23 @@
 
 % Subroutines used in generating headings
 % Produces Day Month Year style of output.
-\def\today{\number\day\space
-\ifcase\month\or
-January\or February\or March\or April\or May\or June\or
-July\or August\or September\or October\or November\or December\fi
-\space\number\year}
-
-% Use this if you want the Month Day, Year style of output.
-%\def\today{\ifcase\month\or
-%January\or February\or March\or April\or May\or June\or
-%July\or August\or September\or October\or November\or December\fi
-%\space\number\day, \number\year}
-
-% @settitle line...  specifies the title of the document, for headings
-% It generates no output of its own
-
-\def\thistitle{No Title}
+\def\today{%
+  \number\day\space
+  \ifcase\month
+  \or\putwordMJan\or\putwordMFeb\or\putwordMMar\or\putwordMApr
+  \or\putwordMMay\or\putwordMJun\or\putwordMJul\or\putwordMAug
+  \or\putwordMSep\or\putwordMOct\or\putwordMNov\or\putwordMDec
+  \fi
+  \space\number\year}
+
+% @settitle line...  specifies the title of the document, for headings.
+% It generates no output of its own.
+\def\thistitle{\putwordNoTitle}
 \def\settitle{\parsearg\settitlezzz}
 \def\settitlezzz #1{\gdef\thistitle{#1}}
 
 
 \message{tables,}
-
-% @tabs -- simple alignment
-
-% These don't work.  For one thing, \+ is defined as outer.
-% So these macros cannot even be defined.
-
-%\def\tabs{\parsearg\tabszzz}
-%\def\tabszzz #1{\settabs\+#1\cr}
-%\def\tabline{\parsearg\tablinezzz}
-%\def\tablinezzz #1{\+#1\cr}
-%\def\&{&}
-
 % Tables -- @table, @ftable, @vtable, @item(x), @kitem(x), @xitem(x).
 
 % default indentation of table text
@@ -1646,11 +1731,6 @@
   \itemindex{#1}%
   \nobreak % This prevents a break before @itemx.
   %
-  % Be sure we are not still in the middle of a paragraph.
-  %{\parskip = 0in
-  %\par
-  %}%
-  %
   % If the item text does not fit in the space we have, put it on a line
   % by itself, and do not allow a page break either before or after that
   % line.  We do not start a paragraph here because then if the next
@@ -1679,13 +1759,17 @@
     \itemxneedsnegativevskipfalse
   \else
     % The item text fits into the space.  Start a paragraph, so that the
-    % following text (if any) will end up on the same line.  Since that
-    % text will be indented by \tableindent, we make the item text be in
-    % a zero-width box.
+    % following text (if any) will end up on the same line.
     \noindent
-    \rlap{\hskip -\tableindent\box0}\ignorespaces%
-    \endgroup%
-    \itemxneedsnegativevskiptrue%
+    % Do this with kerns and \unhbox so that if there is a footnote in
+    % the item text, it can migrate to the main vertical list and
+    % eventually be printed.
+    \nobreak\kern-\tableindent
+    \dimen0 = \itemmax  \advance\dimen0 by \itemmargin \advance\dimen0 by -\wd0
+    \unhbox0
+    \nobreak\kern\dimen0
+    \endgroup
+    \itemxneedsnegativevskiptrue
   \fi
 }
 
@@ -1696,9 +1780,10 @@
 \def\xitem{\errmessage{@xitem while not in a table}}
 \def\xitemx{\errmessage{@xitemx while not in a table}}
 
-%% Contains a kludge to get @end[description] to work
+% Contains a kludge to get @end[description] to work.
 \def\description{\tablez{\dontindex}{1}{}{}{}{}}
 
+% @table, @ftable, @vtable.
 \def\table{\begingroup\inENV\obeylines\obeyspaces\tablex}
 {\obeylines\obeyspaces%
 \gdef\tablex #1^^M{%
@@ -1758,7 +1843,7 @@
 \def\itemize{\parsearg\itemizezzz}
 
 \def\itemizezzz #1{%
-  \begingroup % ended by the @end itemsize
+  \begingroup % ended by the @end itemize
   \itemizey {#1}{\Eitemize}
 }
 
@@ -1886,7 +1971,7 @@
 \def\itemizeitem{%
 \advance\itemno by 1
 {\let\par=\endgraf \smallbreak}%
-\ifhmode \errmessage{\in hmode at itemizeitem}\fi
+\ifhmode \errmessage{In hmode at itemizeitem}\fi
 {\parskip=0in \hskip 0pt
 \hbox to 0pt{\hss \itemcontents\hskip \itemmargin}%
 \vadjust{\penalty 1200}}%
@@ -1960,10 +2045,7 @@
 % @multitablelinespace is space to leave between table items, baseline
 %                                                            to baseline.
 %   0pt means it depends on current normal line spacing.
-
-%%%%
-% Dimensions
-
+%
 \newskip\multitableparskip
 \newskip\multitableparindent
 \newdimen\multitablecolspace
@@ -1973,129 +2055,150 @@
 \multitablecolspace=12pt
 \multitablelinespace=0pt
 
-%%%%
 % Macros used to set up halign preamble:
+%
 \let\endsetuptable\relax
 \def\xendsetuptable{\endsetuptable}
 \let\columnfractions\relax
 \def\xcolumnfractions{\columnfractions}
 \newif\ifsetpercent
 
-%% 2/1/96, to allow fractions to be given with more than one digit.
-\def\pickupwholefraction#1 {\global\advance\colcount by1 %
-\expandafter\xdef\csname col\the\colcount\endcsname{.#1\hsize}%
-\setuptable}
+% #1 is the part of the @columnfraction before the decimal point, which
+% is presumably either 0 or the empty string (but we don't check, we
+% just throw it away).  #2 is the decimal part, which we use as the
+% percent of \hsize for this column.
+\def\pickupwholefraction#1.#2 {%
+  \global\advance\colcount by 1
+  \expandafter\xdef\csname col\the\colcount\endcsname{.#2\hsize}%
+  \setuptable
+}
 
 \newcount\colcount
-\def\setuptable#1{\def\firstarg{#1}%
-\ifx\firstarg\xendsetuptable\let\go\relax%
-\else
-  \ifx\firstarg\xcolumnfractions\global\setpercenttrue%
+\def\setuptable#1{%
+  \def\firstarg{#1}%
+  \ifx\firstarg\xendsetuptable
+    \let\go = \relax
   \else
-    \ifsetpercent
-       \let\go\pickupwholefraction   % In this case arg of setuptable
-                                     % is the decimal point before the
-                                     % number given in percent of hsize.
-                                     % We don't need this so we don't use it.
+    \ifx\firstarg\xcolumnfractions
+      \global\setpercenttrue
     \else
-       \global\advance\colcount by1
-       \setbox0=\hbox{#1 }% Add a normal word space as a separator;
-                          % typically that is always in the input, anyway.
-       \expandafter\xdef\csname col\the\colcount\endcsname{\the\wd0}%
+      \ifsetpercent
+         \let\go\pickupwholefraction
+      \else
+         \global\advance\colcount by 1
+         \setbox0=\hbox{#1\unskip }% Add a normal word space as a separator;
+                            % typically that is always in the input, anyway.
+         \expandafter\xdef\csname col\the\colcount\endcsname{\the\wd0}%
+      \fi
+    \fi
+    \ifx\go\pickupwholefraction
+      % Put the argument back for the \pickupwholefraction call, so
+      % we'll always have a period there to be parsed.
+      \def\go{\pickupwholefraction#1}%
+    \else
+      \let\go = \setuptable
     \fi%
-  \fi%
-\ifx\go\pickupwholefraction\else\let\go\setuptable\fi%
-\fi\go}
-
-%%%%
-% multitable syntax
-\def\tab{&\hskip1sp\relax} % 2/2/96
-                           % tiny skip here makes sure this column space is
-                           % maintained, even if it is never used.
-
-
-%%%%
+  \fi
+  \go
+}
+
+% This used to have \hskip1sp.  But then the space in a template line is
+% not enough.  That is bad.  So let's go back to just & until we
+% encounter the problem it was intended to solve again.
+% --karl, nathan@acm.org, 20apr99.
+\def\tab{&}
+
 % @multitable ... @end multitable definitions:
-
+%
 \def\multitable{\parsearg\dotable}
-
 \def\dotable#1{\bgroup
-\let\item\cr
-\tolerance=9500
-\hbadness=9500
-\setmultitablespacing
-\parskip=\multitableparskip
-\parindent=\multitableparindent
-\overfullrule=0pt
-\global\colcount=0\relax%
-\def\Emultitable{\global\setpercentfalse\global\everycr{}\cr\egroup\egroup}%
- % To parse everything between @multitable and @item :
-\setuptable#1 \endsetuptable
- % Need to reset this to 0 after \setuptable.
-\global\colcount=0\relax%
- %
- % This preamble sets up a generic column definition, which will
- % be used as many times as user calls for columns.
- % \vtop will set a single line and will also let text wrap and
- % continue for many paragraphs if desired.
-\halign\bgroup&\global\advance\colcount by 1\relax%
-\multistrut\vtop{\hsize=\expandafter\csname col\the\colcount\endcsname
- % In order to keep entries from bumping into each other
- % we will add a \leftskip of \multitablecolspace to all columns after
- % the first one.
- %  If a template has been used, we will add \multitablecolspace
- % to the width of each template entry.
- %  If user has set preamble in terms of percent of \hsize
- % we will use that dimension as the width of the column, and
- % the \leftskip will keep entries from bumping into each other.
- % Table will start at left margin and final column will justify at
- % right margin.
-\ifnum\colcount=1
-\else
-  \ifsetpercent
+  \vskip\parskip
+  \let\item\crcr
+  \tolerance=9500
+  \hbadness=9500
+  \setmultitablespacing
+  \parskip=\multitableparskip
+  \parindent=\multitableparindent
+  \overfullrule=0pt
+  \global\colcount=0
+  \def\Emultitable{\global\setpercentfalse\cr\egroup\egroup}%
+  %
+  % To parse everything between @multitable and @item:
+  \setuptable#1 \endsetuptable
+  %
+  % \everycr will reset column counter, \colcount, at the end of
+  % each line. Every column entry will cause \colcount to advance by one.
+  % The table preamble
+  % looks at the current \colcount to find the correct column width.
+  \everycr{\noalign{%
+  %
+  % \filbreak%% keeps underfull box messages off when table breaks over pages.
+  % Maybe so, but it also creates really weird page breaks when the table
+  % breaks over pages. Wouldn't \vfil be better?  Wait until the problem
+  % manifests itself, so it can be fixed for real --karl.
+    \global\colcount=0\relax}}%
+  %
+  % This preamble sets up a generic column definition, which will
+  % be used as many times as user calls for columns.
+  % \vtop will set a single line and will also let text wrap and
+  % continue for many paragraphs if desired.
+  \halign\bgroup&\global\advance\colcount by 1\relax
+    \multistrut\vtop{\hsize=\expandafter\csname col\the\colcount\endcsname
+  %
+  % In order to keep entries from bumping into each other
+  % we will add a \leftskip of \multitablecolspace to all columns after
+  % the first one.
+  %
+  % If a template has been used, we will add \multitablecolspace
+  % to the width of each template entry.
+  %
+  % If the user has set preamble in terms of percent of \hsize we will
+  % use that dimension as the width of the column, and the \leftskip
+  % will keep entries from bumping into each other.  Table will start at
+  % left margin and final column will justify at right margin.
+  %
+  % Make sure we don't inherit \rightskip from the outer environment.
+  \rightskip=0pt
+  \ifnum\colcount=1
+    % The first column will be indented with the surrounding text.
+    \advance\hsize by\leftskip
   \else
-   % If user has <not> set preamble in terms of percent of \hsize
-   % we will advance \hsize by \multitablecolspace
-  \advance\hsize by \multitablecolspace
+    \ifsetpercent \else
+      % If user has not set preamble in terms of percent of \hsize
+      % we will advance \hsize by \multitablecolspace.
+      \advance\hsize by \multitablecolspace
+    \fi
+   % In either case we will make \leftskip=\multitablecolspace:
+  \leftskip=\multitablecolspace
   \fi
- % In either case we will make \leftskip=\multitablecolspace:
-\leftskip=\multitablecolspace
-\fi
- % Ignoring space at the beginning and end avoids an occasional spurious
- % blank line, when TeX decides to break the line at the space before the
- % box from the multistrut, so the strut ends up on a line by itself.
- % For example:
- % @multitable @columnfractions .11 .89
- % @item @code{#}
- % @tab Legal holiday which is valid in major parts of the whole country.
- % Is automatically provided with highlighting sequences respectively marking
- % characters.
- \noindent\ignorespaces##\unskip\multistrut}\cr
- % \everycr will reset column counter, \colcount, at the end of
- % each line. Every column  entry will cause \colcount to advance by one.
- % The table preamble
- % looks at the current \colcount to find the correct column width.
-\global\everycr{\noalign{%
-% \filbreak%% keeps underfull box messages off when table breaks over pages.
-% Maybe so, but it also creates really weird page breaks when the table
-% breaks over pages Wouldn't \vfil be better?  Wait until the problem
-% manifests itself, so it can be fixed for real --karl.
-\global\colcount=0\relax}}
+  % Ignoring space at the beginning and end avoids an occasional spurious
+  % blank line, when TeX decides to break the line at the space before the
+  % box from the multistrut, so the strut ends up on a line by itself.
+  % For example:
+  % @multitable @columnfractions .11 .89
+  % @item @code{#}
+  % @tab Legal holiday which is valid in major parts of the whole country.
+  % Is automatically provided with highlighting sequences respectively marking
+  % characters.
+  \noindent\ignorespaces##\unskip\multistrut}\cr
 }
 
 \def\setmultitablespacing{% test to see if user has set \multitablelinespace.
 % If so, do nothing. If not, give it an appropriate dimension based on
 % current baselineskip.
 \ifdim\multitablelinespace=0pt
+\setbox0=\vbox{X}\global\multitablelinespace=\the\baselineskip
+\global\advance\multitablelinespace by-\ht0
 %% strut to put in table in case some entry doesn't have descenders,
 %% to keep lines equally spaced
 \let\multistrut = \strut
+\else
+%% FIXME: what is \box0 supposed to be?
+\gdef\multistrut{\vrule height\multitablelinespace depth\dp0
+width0pt\relax} \fi
 %% Test to see if parskip is larger than space between lines of
 %% table. If not, do nothing.
 %%        If so, set to same dimension as multitablelinespace.
-\else
-\gdef\multistrut{\vrule height\multitablelinespace depth\dp0
-width0pt\relax} \fi
 \ifdim\multitableparskip>\multitablelinespace
 \global\multitableparskip=\multitablelinespace
 \global\advance\multitableparskip-7pt %% to keep parskip somewhat smaller
@@ -2108,6 +2211,356 @@
 \fi}
 
 
+\message{conditionals,}
+% Prevent errors for section commands.
+% Used in @ignore and in failing conditionals.
+\def\ignoresections{%
+  \let\chapter=\relax
+  \let\unnumbered=\relax
+  \let\top=\relax
+  \let\unnumberedsec=\relax
+  \let\unnumberedsection=\relax
+  \let\unnumberedsubsec=\relax
+  \let\unnumberedsubsection=\relax
+  \let\unnumberedsubsubsec=\relax
+  \let\unnumberedsubsubsection=\relax
+  \let\section=\relax
+  \let\subsec=\relax
+  \let\subsubsec=\relax
+  \let\subsection=\relax
+  \let\subsubsection=\relax
+  \let\appendix=\relax
+  \let\appendixsec=\relax
+  \let\appendixsection=\relax
+  \let\appendixsubsec=\relax
+  \let\appendixsubsection=\relax
+  \let\appendixsubsubsec=\relax
+  \let\appendixsubsubsection=\relax
+  \let\contents=\relax
+  \let\smallbook=\relax
+  \let\titlepage=\relax
+}
+
+% Used in nested conditionals, where we have to parse the Texinfo source
+% and so want to turn off most commands, in case they are used
+% incorrectly.
+%
+\def\ignoremorecommands{%
+  \let\defcodeindex = \relax
+  \let\defcv = \relax
+  \let\deffn = \relax
+  \let\deffnx = \relax
+  \let\defindex = \relax
+  \let\defivar = \relax
+  \let\defmac = \relax
+  \let\defmethod = \relax
+  \let\defop = \relax
+  \let\defopt = \relax
+  \let\defspec = \relax
+  \let\deftp = \relax
+  \let\deftypefn = \relax
+  \let\deftypefun = \relax
+  \let\deftypeivar = \relax
+  \let\deftypeop = \relax
+  \let\deftypevar = \relax
+  \let\deftypevr = \relax
+  \let\defun = \relax
+  \let\defvar = \relax
+  \let\defvr = \relax
+  \let\ref = \relax
+  \let\xref = \relax
+  \let\printindex = \relax
+  \let\pxref = \relax
+  \let\settitle = \relax
+  \let\setchapternewpage = \relax
+  \let\setchapterstyle = \relax
+  \let\everyheading = \relax
+  \let\evenheading = \relax
+  \let\oddheading = \relax
+  \let\everyfooting = \relax
+  \let\evenfooting = \relax
+  \let\oddfooting = \relax
+  \let\headings = \relax
+  \let\include = \relax
+  \let\lowersections = \relax
+  \let\down = \relax
+  \let\raisesections = \relax
+  \let\up = \relax
+  \let\set = \relax
+  \let\clear = \relax
+  \let\item = \relax
+}
+
+% Ignore @ignore ... @end ignore.
+%
+\def\ignore{\doignore{ignore}}
+
+% Ignore @ifinfo, @ifhtml, @ifnottex, @html, @menu, and @direntry text.
+%
+\def\ifinfo{\doignore{ifinfo}}
+\def\ifhtml{\doignore{ifhtml}}
+\def\ifnottex{\doignore{ifnottex}}
+\def\html{\doignore{html}}
+\def\menu{\doignore{menu}}
+\def\direntry{\doignore{direntry}}
+
+% @dircategory CATEGORY  -- specify a category of the dir file
+% which this file should belong to.  Ignore this in TeX.
+\let\dircategory = \comment
+
+% Ignore text until a line `@end #1'.
+%
+\def\doignore#1{\begingroup
+  % Don't complain about control sequences we have declared \outer.
+  \ignoresections
+  %
+  % Define a command to swallow text until we reach `@end #1'.
+  % This @ is a catcode 12 token (that is the normal catcode of @ in
+  % this texinfo.tex file).  We change the catcode of @ below to match.
+  \long\def\doignoretext##1@end #1{\enddoignore}%
+  %
+  % Make sure that spaces turn into tokens that match what \doignoretext wants.
+  \catcode32 = 10
+  %
+  % Ignore braces, too, so mismatched braces don't cause trouble.
+  \catcode`\{ = 9
+  \catcode`\} = 9
+  %
+  % We must not have @c interpreted as a control sequence.
+  \catcode`\@ = 12
+  %
+  % Make the letter c a comment character so that the rest of the line
+  % will be ignored. This way, the document can have (for example)
+  %   @c @end ifinfo
+  % and the @end ifinfo will be properly ignored.
+  % (We've just changed @ to catcode 12.)
+  \catcode`\c = 14
+  %
+  % And now expand that command.
+  \doignoretext
+}
+
+% What we do to finish off ignored text.
+%
+\def\enddoignore{\endgroup\ignorespaces}%
+
+\newif\ifwarnedobs\warnedobsfalse
+\def\obstexwarn{%
+  \ifwarnedobs\relax\else
+  % We need to warn folks that they may have trouble with TeX 3.0.
+  % This uses \immediate\write16 rather than \message to get newlines.
+    \immediate\write16{}
+    \immediate\write16{WARNING: for users of Unix TeX 3.0!}
+    \immediate\write16{This manual trips a bug in TeX version 3.0 (tex hangs).}
+    \immediate\write16{If you are running another version of TeX, relax.}
+    \immediate\write16{If you are running Unix TeX 3.0, kill this TeX process.}
+    \immediate\write16{  Then upgrade your TeX installation if you can.}
+    \immediate\write16{  (See ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/TeX.README.)}
+    \immediate\write16{If you are stuck with version 3.0, run the}
+    \immediate\write16{  script ``tex3patch'' from the Texinfo distribution}
+    \immediate\write16{  to use a workaround.}
+    \immediate\write16{}
+    \global\warnedobstrue
+    \fi
+}
+
+% **In TeX 3.0, setting text in \nullfont hangs tex.  For a
+% workaround (which requires the file ``dummy.tfm'' to be installed),
+% uncomment the following line:
+%%%%%\font\nullfont=dummy\let\obstexwarn=\relax
+
+% Ignore text, except that we keep track of conditional commands for
+% purposes of nesting, up to an `@end #1' command.
+%
+\def\nestedignore#1{%
+  \obstexwarn
+  % We must actually expand the ignored text to look for the @end
+  % command, so that nested ignore constructs work.  Thus, we put the
+  % text into a \vbox and then do nothing with the result.  To minimize
+  % the change of memory overflow, we follow the approach outlined on
+  % page 401 of the TeXbook: make the current font be a dummy font.
+  %
+  \setbox0 = \vbox\bgroup
+    % Don't complain about control sequences we have declared \outer.
+    \ignoresections
+    %
+    % Define `@end #1' to end the box, which will in turn undefine the
+    % @end command again.
+    \expandafter\def\csname E#1\endcsname{\egroup\ignorespaces}%
+    %
+    % We are going to be parsing Texinfo commands.  Most cause no
+    % trouble when they are used incorrectly, but some commands do
+    % complicated argument parsing or otherwise get confused, so we
+    % undefine them.
+    %
+    % We can't do anything about stray @-signs, unfortunately;
+    % they'll produce `undefined control sequence' errors.
+    \ignoremorecommands
+    %
+    % Set the current font to be \nullfont, a TeX primitive, and define
+    % all the font commands to also use \nullfont.  We don't use
+    % dummy.tfm, as suggested in the TeXbook, because not all sites
+    % might have that installed.  Therefore, math mode will still
+    % produce output, but that should be an extremely small amount of
+    % stuff compared to the main input.
+    %
+    \nullfont
+    \let\tenrm=\nullfont \let\tenit=\nullfont \let\tensl=\nullfont
+    \let\tenbf=\nullfont \let\tentt=\nullfont \let\smallcaps=\nullfont
+    \let\tensf=\nullfont
+    % Similarly for index fonts (mostly for their use in smallexample).
+    \let\smallrm=\nullfont \let\smallit=\nullfont \let\smallsl=\nullfont
+    \let\smallbf=\nullfont \let\smalltt=\nullfont \let\smallsc=\nullfont
+    \let\smallsf=\nullfont
+    %
+    % Don't complain when characters are missing from the fonts.
+    \tracinglostchars = 0
+    %
+    % Don't bother to do space factor calculations.
+    \frenchspacing
+    %
+    % Don't report underfull hboxes.
+    \hbadness = 10000
+    %
+    % Do minimal line-breaking.
+    \pretolerance = 10000
+    %
+    % Do not execute instructions in @tex
+    \def\tex{\doignore{tex}}%
+    % Do not execute macro definitions.
+    % `c' is a comment character, so the word `macro' will get cut off.
+    \def\macro{\doignore{ma}}%
+}
+
+% @set VAR sets the variable VAR to an empty value.
+% @set VAR REST-OF-LINE sets VAR to the value REST-OF-LINE.
+%
+% Since we want to separate VAR from REST-OF-LINE (which might be
+% empty), we can't just use \parsearg; we have to insert a space of our
+% own to delimit the rest of the line, and then take it out again if we
+% didn't need it.  Make sure the catcode of space is correct to avoid
+% losing inside @example, for instance.
+%
+\def\set{\begingroup\catcode` =10
+  \catcode`\-=12 \catcode`\_=12 % Allow - and _ in VAR.
+  \parsearg\setxxx}
+\def\setxxx#1{\setyyy#1 \endsetyyy}
+\def\setyyy#1 #2\endsetyyy{%
+  \def\temp{#2}%
+  \ifx\temp\empty \global\expandafter\let\csname SET#1\endcsname = \empty
+  \else \setzzz{#1}#2\endsetzzz % Remove the trailing space \setxxx inserted.
+  \fi
+  \endgroup
+}
+% Can't use \xdef to pre-expand #2 and save some time, since \temp or
+% \next or other control sequences that we've defined might get us into
+% an infinite loop. Consider `@set foo @cite{bar}'.
+\def\setzzz#1#2 \endsetzzz{\expandafter\gdef\csname SET#1\endcsname{#2}}
+
+% @clear VAR clears (i.e., unsets) the variable VAR.
+%
+\def\clear{\parsearg\clearxxx}
+\def\clearxxx#1{\global\expandafter\let\csname SET#1\endcsname=\relax}
+
+% @value{foo} gets the text saved in variable foo.
+{
+  \catcode`\_ = \active
+  %
+  % We might end up with active _ or - characters in the argument if
+  % we're called from @code, as @code{@value{foo-bar_}}.  So \let any
+  % such active characters to their normal equivalents.
+  \gdef\value{\begingroup
+    \catcode`\-=12 \catcode`\_=12
+    \indexbreaks \let_\normalunderscore
+    \valuexxx}
+}
+\def\valuexxx#1{\expandablevalue{#1}\endgroup}
+
+% We have this subroutine so that we can handle at least some @value's
+% properly in indexes (we \let\value to this in \indexdummies).  Ones
+% whose names contain - or _ still won't work, but we can't do anything
+% about that.  The command has to be fully expandable, since the result
+% winds up in the index file.  This means that if the variable's value
+% contains other Texinfo commands, it's almost certain it will fail
+% (although perhaps we could fix that with sufficient work to do a
+% one-level expansion on the result, instead of complete).
+%
+\def\expandablevalue#1{%
+  \expandafter\ifx\csname SET#1\endcsname\relax
+    {[No value for ``#1'']}%
+  \else
+    \csname SET#1\endcsname
+  \fi
+}
+
+% @ifset VAR ... @end ifset reads the `...' iff VAR has been defined
+% with @set.
+%
+\def\ifset{\parsearg\ifsetxxx}
+\def\ifsetxxx #1{%
+  \expandafter\ifx\csname SET#1\endcsname\relax
+    \expandafter\ifsetfail
+  \else
+    \expandafter\ifsetsucceed
+  \fi
+}
+\def\ifsetsucceed{\conditionalsucceed{ifset}}
+\def\ifsetfail{\nestedignore{ifset}}
+\defineunmatchedend{ifset}
+
+% @ifclear VAR ... @end ifclear reads the `...' iff VAR has never been
+% defined with @set, or has been undefined with @clear.
+%
+\def\ifclear{\parsearg\ifclearxxx}
+\def\ifclearxxx #1{%
+  \expandafter\ifx\csname SET#1\endcsname\relax
+    \expandafter\ifclearsucceed
+  \else
+    \expandafter\ifclearfail
+  \fi
+}
+\def\ifclearsucceed{\conditionalsucceed{ifclear}}
+\def\ifclearfail{\nestedignore{ifclear}}
+\defineunmatchedend{ifclear}
+
+% @iftex, @ifnothtml, @ifnotinfo always succeed; we read the text
+% following, through the first @end iftex (etc.).  Make `@end iftex'
+% (etc.) valid only after an @iftex.
+%
+\def\iftex{\conditionalsucceed{iftex}}
+\def\ifnothtml{\conditionalsucceed{ifnothtml}}
+\def\ifnotinfo{\conditionalsucceed{ifnotinfo}}
+\defineunmatchedend{iftex}
+\defineunmatchedend{ifnothtml}
+\defineunmatchedend{ifnotinfo}
+
+% We can't just want to start a group at @iftex (for example) and end it
+% at @end iftex, since then @set commands inside the conditional have no
+% effect (they'd get reverted at the end of the group).  So we must
+% define \Eiftex to redefine itself to be its previous value.  (We can't
+% just define it to fail again with an ``unmatched end'' error, since
+% the @ifset might be nested.)
+%
+\def\conditionalsucceed#1{%
+  \edef\temp{%
+    % Remember the current value of \E#1.
+    \let\nece{prevE#1} = \nece{E#1}%
+    %
+    % At the `@end #1', redefine \E#1 to be its previous value.
+    \def\nece{E#1}{\let\nece{E#1} = \nece{prevE#1}}%
+  }%
+  \temp
+}
+
+% We need to expand lots of \csname's, but we don't want to expand the
+% control sequences after we've constructed them.
+%
+\def\nece#1{\expandafter\noexpand\csname#1\endcsname}
+
+% @defininfoenclose.
+\let\definfoenclose=\comment
+
+
 \message{indexing,}
 % Index generation facilities
 
@@ -2123,12 +2576,14 @@
 % the file that accumulates this index.  The file's extension is foo.
 % The name of an index should be no more than 2 characters long
 % for the sake of vms.
-
-\def\newindex #1{
-\expandafter\newwrite \csname#1indfile\endcsname% Define number for output file
-\openout \csname#1indfile\endcsname \jobname.#1 % Open the file
-\expandafter\xdef\csname#1index\endcsname{%     % Define \xxxindex
-\noexpand\doindex {#1}}
+%
+\def\newindex#1{%
+  \iflinks
+    \expandafter\newwrite \csname#1indfile\endcsname
+    \openout \csname#1indfile\endcsname \jobname.#1 % Open the file
+  \fi
+  \expandafter\xdef\csname#1index\endcsname{%     % Define @#1index
+    \noexpand\doindex{#1}}
 }
 
 % @defindex foo  ==  \newindex{foo}
@@ -2137,31 +2592,37 @@
 
 % Define @defcodeindex, like @defindex except put all entries in @code.
 
-\def\newcodeindex #1{
-\expandafter\newwrite \csname#1indfile\endcsname% Define number for output file
-\openout \csname#1indfile\endcsname \jobname.#1 % Open the file
-\expandafter\xdef\csname#1index\endcsname{%     % Define \xxxindex
-\noexpand\docodeindex {#1}}
+\def\newcodeindex#1{%
+  \iflinks
+    \expandafter\newwrite \csname#1indfile\endcsname
+    \openout \csname#1indfile\endcsname \jobname.#1
+  \fi
+  \expandafter\xdef\csname#1index\endcsname{%
+    \noexpand\docodeindex{#1}}
 }
 
 \def\defcodeindex{\parsearg\newcodeindex}
 
 % @synindex foo bar    makes index foo feed into index bar.
 % Do this instead of @defindex foo if you don't want it as a separate index.
-\def\synindex #1 #2 {%
-\expandafter\let\expandafter\synindexfoo\expandafter=\csname#2indfile\endcsname
-\expandafter\let\csname#1indfile\endcsname=\synindexfoo
-\expandafter\xdef\csname#1index\endcsname{%     % Define \xxxindex
-\noexpand\doindex {#2}}%
+% The \closeout helps reduce unnecessary open files; the limit on the
+% Acorn RISC OS is a mere 16 files.
+\def\synindex#1 #2 {%
+  \expandafter\let\expandafter\synindexfoo\expandafter=\csname#2indfile\endcsname
+  \expandafter\closeout\csname#1indfile\endcsname
+  \expandafter\let\csname#1indfile\endcsname=\synindexfoo
+  \expandafter\xdef\csname#1index\endcsname{% define \xxxindex
+    \noexpand\doindex{#2}}%
 }
 
 % @syncodeindex foo bar   similar, but put all entries made for index foo
 % inside @code.
-\def\syncodeindex #1 #2 {%
-\expandafter\let\expandafter\synindexfoo\expandafter=\csname#2indfile\endcsname
-\expandafter\let\csname#1indfile\endcsname=\synindexfoo
-\expandafter\xdef\csname#1index\endcsname{%     % Define \xxxindex
-\noexpand\docodeindex {#2}}%
+\def\syncodeindex#1 #2 {%
+  \expandafter\let\expandafter\synindexfoo\expandafter=\csname#2indfile\endcsname
+  \expandafter\closeout\csname#1indfile\endcsname
+  \expandafter\let\csname#1indfile\endcsname=\synindexfoo
+  \expandafter\xdef\csname#1index\endcsname{% define \xxxindex
+    \noexpand\docodeindex{#2}}%
 }
 
 % Define \doindex, the driver for all \fooindex macros.
@@ -2182,6 +2643,7 @@
 \def\singlecodeindexer #1{\doind{\indexname}{\code{#1}}}
 
 \def\indexdummies{%
+\def\ { }%
 % Take care of the plain tex accent commands.
 \def\"{\realbackslash "}%
 \def\`{\realbackslash `}%
@@ -2211,8 +2673,11 @@
 % (Must be a way to avoid doing expansion at all, and thus not have to
 % laboriously list every single command here.)
 \def\@{@}% will be @@ when we switch to @ as escape char.
-%\let\{ = \lbracecmd
-%\let\} = \rbracecmd
+% Need these in case \tex is in effect and \{ is a \delimiter again.
+% But can't use \lbracecmd and \rbracecmd because texindex assumes
+% braces and backslashes are used only as delimiters.  
+\let\{ = \mylbrace
+\let\} = \myrbrace
 \def\_{{\realbackslash _}}%
 \def\w{\realbackslash w }%
 \def\bf{\realbackslash bf }%
@@ -2223,12 +2688,22 @@
 \def\gtr{\realbackslash gtr}%
 \def\less{\realbackslash less}%
 \def\hat{\realbackslash hat}%
-%\def\char{\realbackslash char}%
 \def\TeX{\realbackslash TeX}%
 \def\dots{\realbackslash dots }%
-\def\copyright{\realbackslash copyright }%
+\def\result{\realbackslash result}%
+\def\equiv{\realbackslash equiv}%
+\def\expansion{\realbackslash expansion}%
+\def\print{\realbackslash print}%
+\def\error{\realbackslash error}%
+\def\point{\realbackslash point}%
+\def\copyright{\realbackslash copyright}%
 \def\tclose##1{\realbackslash tclose {##1}}%
 \def\code##1{\realbackslash code {##1}}%
+\def\uref##1{\realbackslash uref {##1}}%
+\def\url##1{\realbackslash url {##1}}%
+\def\env##1{\realbackslash env {##1}}%
+\def\command##1{\realbackslash command {##1}}%
+\def\option##1{\realbackslash option {##1}}%
 \def\dotless##1{\realbackslash dotless {##1}}%
 \def\samp##1{\realbackslash samp {##1}}%
 \def\,##1{\realbackslash ,{##1}}%
@@ -2244,7 +2719,16 @@
 \def\kbd##1{\realbackslash kbd {##1}}%
 \def\dfn##1{\realbackslash dfn {##1}}%
 \def\emph##1{\realbackslash emph {##1}}%
+\def\acronym##1{\realbackslash acronym {##1}}%
+%
+% Handle some cases of @value -- where the variable name does not
+% contain - or _, and the value does not contain any
+% (non-fully-expandable) commands.
+\let\value = \expandablevalue
+%
 \unsepspaces
+% Turn off macro expansion
+\turnoffmacros
 }
 
 % If an index command is used in an @example environment, any spaces
@@ -2301,6 +2785,12 @@
 %\let\tt=\indexdummyfont
 \let\tclose=\indexdummyfont
 \let\code=\indexdummyfont
+\let\url=\indexdummyfont
+\let\uref=\indexdummyfont
+\let\env=\indexdummyfont
+\let\acronym=\indexdummyfont
+\let\command=\indexdummyfont
+\let\option=\indexdummyfont
 \let\file=\indexdummyfont
 \let\samp=\indexdummyfont
 \let\kbd=\indexdummyfont
@@ -2316,14 +2806,24 @@
 % so we do not become unable to do a definition.
 
 {\catcode`\@=0 \catcode`\\=\other
-@gdef@realbackslash{\}}
+ @gdef@realbackslash{\}}
 
 \let\indexbackslash=0  %overridden during \printindex.
-
-\let\SETmarginindex=\relax %initialize!
-% workhorse for all \fooindexes
-% #1 is name of index, #2 is stuff to put there
-\def\doind #1#2{%
+\let\SETmarginindex=\relax % put index entries in margin (undocumented)?
+
+% For \ifx comparisons.
+\def\emptymacro{\empty}
+
+% Most index entries go through here, but \dosubind is the general case.
+%
+\def\doind#1#2{\dosubind{#1}{#2}\empty}
+
+% Workhorse for all \fooindexes.
+% #1 is name of index, #2 is stuff to put there, #3 is subentry --
+% \empty if called from \doind, as we usually are.  The main exception
+% is with defuns, which call us directly.
+%
+\def\dosubind#1#2#3{%
   % Put the index entry in the margin if desired.
   \ifx\SETmarginindex\relax\else
     \insert\margin{\hbox{\vrule height8pt depth3pt width0pt #2}}%
@@ -2334,48 +2834,75 @@
       \indexdummies % Must do this here, since \bf, etc expand at this stage
       \escapechar=`\\
       {%
-        \let\folio=0% We will expand all macros now EXCEPT \folio.
+        \let\folio = 0% We will expand all macros now EXCEPT \folio.
         \def\rawbackslashxx{\indexbackslash}% \indexbackslash isn't defined now
         % so it will be output as is; and it will print as backslash.
         %
-        % First process the index-string with all font commands turned off
-        % to get the string to sort by.
-        {\indexnofonts \xdef\indexsorttmp{#2}}%
+        \def\thirdarg{#3}%
+        %
+        % If third arg is present, precede it with space in sort key.
+        \ifx\thirdarg\emptymacro
+          \let\subentry = \empty
+        \else
+          \def\subentry{ #3}%
+        \fi
+        %
+        % First process the index entry with all font commands turned
+        % off to get the string to sort by.
+        {\indexnofonts \xdef\indexsorttmp{#2\subentry}}%
         %
-        % Now produce the complete index entry, with both the sort key and the
-        % original text, including any font commands.
+        % Now the real index entry with the fonts.
         \toks0 = {#2}%
+        %
+        % If third (subentry) arg is present, add it to the index
+        % string.  And include a space.
+        \ifx\thirdarg\emptymacro \else
+          \toks0 = \expandafter{\the\toks0 \space #3}%
+        \fi
+        %
+        % Set up the complete index entry, with both the sort key
+        % and the original text, including any font commands.  We write
+        % three arguments to \entry to the .?? file, texindex reduces to
+        % two when writing the .??s sorted result.
         \edef\temp{%
           \write\csname#1indfile\endcsname{%
             \realbackslash entry{\indexsorttmp}{\folio}{\the\toks0}}%
         }%
-        \temp
+        %
+        % If a skip is the last thing on the list now, preserve it
+        % by backing up by \lastskip, doing the \write, then inserting
+        % the skip again.  Otherwise, the whatsit generated by the
+        % \write will make \lastskip zero.  The result is that sequences
+        % like this:
+        % @end defun
+        % @tindex whatever
+        % @defun ...
+        % will have extra space inserted, because the \medbreak in the
+        % start of the @defun won't see the skip inserted by the @end of
+        % the previous defun.
+        %
+        % But don't do any of this if we're not in vertical mode.  We
+        % don't want to do a \vskip and prematurely end a paragraph.
+        %
+        % Avoid page breaks due to these extra skips, too.
+        %
+        \iflinks
+          \ifvmode
+            \skip0 = \lastskip
+            \ifdim\lastskip = 0pt \else \nobreak\vskip-\lastskip \fi
+          \fi
+          %
+          \temp % do the write
+          %
+          %
+          \ifvmode \ifdim\skip0 = 0pt \else \nobreak\vskip\skip0 \fi \fi
+        \fi
       }%
     }%
     \penalty\count255
   }%
 }
 
-\def\dosubind #1#2#3{%
-{\count10=\lastpenalty %
-{\indexdummies % Must do this here, since \bf, etc expand at this stage
-\escapechar=`\\%
-{\let\folio=0%
-\def\rawbackslashxx{\indexbackslash}%
-%
-% Now process the index-string once, with all font commands turned off,
-% to get the string to sort the index by.
-{\indexnofonts
-\xdef\temp1{#2 #3}%
-}%
-% Now produce the complete index entry.  We process the index-string again,
-% this time with font commands expanded, to get what to print in the index.
-\edef\temp{%
-\write \csname#1indfile\endcsname{%
-\realbackslash entry {\temp1}{\folio}{#2}{#3}}}%
-\temp }%
-}\penalty\count10}}
-
 % The index entry written in the file actually looks like
 %  \entry {sortstring}{page}{topic}
 % or
@@ -2415,18 +2942,23 @@
 \def\doprintindex#1{\begingroup
   \dobreak \chapheadingskip{10000}%
   %
-  \indexfonts \rm
+  \smallfonts \rm
   \tolerance = 9500
   \indexbreaks
   %
   % See if the index file exists and is nonempty.
+  % Change catcode of @ here so that if the index file contains
+  % \initial {@}
+  % as its first line, TeX doesn't complain about mismatched braces
+  % (because it thinks @} is a control sequence).
+  \catcode`\@ = 11
   \openin 1 \jobname.#1s
   \ifeof 1
     % \enddoublecolumns gets confused if there is no text in the index,
     % and it loses the chapter title and the aux file entries for the
     % index.  The easiest way to prevent this problem is to make sure
     % there is some text.
-    (Index is nonexistent)
+    \putwordIndexNonexistent
   \else
     %
     % If the index file exists but is empty, then \openin leaves \ifeof
@@ -2434,14 +2966,13 @@
     % it can discover if there is anything in it.
     \read 1 to \temp
     \ifeof 1
-      (Index is empty)
+      \putwordIndexIsEmpty
     \else
       % Index files are almost Texinfo source, but we use \ as the escape
       % character.  It would be better to use @, but that's too big a change
       % to make right now.
       \def\indexbackslash{\rawbackslashxx}%
       \catcode`\\ = 0
-      \catcode`\@ = 11
       \escapechar = `\\
       \begindoublecolumns
       \input \jobname.#1s
@@ -2454,21 +2985,35 @@
 % These macros are used by the sorted index file itself.
 % Change them to control the appearance of the index.
 
-% Same as \bigskipamount except no shrink.
-% \balancecolumns gets confused if there is any shrink.
-\newskip\initialskipamount \initialskipamount 12pt plus4pt
-
-\def\initial #1{%
-{\let\tentt=\sectt \let\tt=\sectt \let\sf=\sectt
-\ifdim\lastskip<\initialskipamount
-\removelastskip \penalty-200 \vskip \initialskipamount\fi
-\line{\secbf#1\hfill}\kern 2pt\penalty10000}}
+\def\initial#1{{%
+  % Some minor font changes for the special characters.
+  \let\tentt=\sectt \let\tt=\sectt \let\sf=\sectt
+  %
+  % Remove any glue we may have, we'll be inserting our own.
+  \removelastskip
+  %
+  % We like breaks before the index initials, so insert a bonus.
+  \penalty -300
+  %
+  % Typeset the initial.  Making this add up to a whole number of
+  % baselineskips increases the chance of the dots lining up from column
+  % to column.  It still won't often be perfect, because of the stretch
+  % we need before each entry, but it's better.
+  %
+  % No shrink because it confuses \balancecolumns.
+  \vskip 1.67\baselineskip plus .5\baselineskip
+  \leftline{\secbf #1}%
+  \vskip .33\baselineskip plus .1\baselineskip
+  %
+  % Do our best not to break after the initial.
+  \nobreak
+}}
 
 % This typesets a paragraph consisting of #1, dot leaders, and then #2
 % flush to the right margin.  It is used for index and table of contents
 % entries.  The paragraph is indented by \leftskip.
 %
-\def\entry #1#2{\begingroup
+\def\entry#1#2{\begingroup
   %
   % Start a new paragraph if necessary, so our assignments below can't
   % affect previous text.
@@ -2491,12 +3036,15 @@
   %
   % \hangafter is reset to 1 (which is the value we want) at the start
   % of each paragraph, so we need not do anything with that.
-  \hangindent=2em
+  \hangindent = 2em
   %
   % When the entry text needs to be broken, just fill out the first line
   % with blank space.
   \rightskip = 0pt plus1fil
   %
+  % A bit of stretch before each entry for the benefit of balancing columns.
+  \vskip 0pt plus1pt
+  %
   % Start a ``paragraph'' for the index entry so the line breaking
   % parameters we've set above will have an effect.
   \noindent
@@ -2521,7 +3069,11 @@
     % The `\ ' here is removed by the implicit \unskip that TeX does as
     % part of (the primitive) \par.  Without it, a spurious underfull
     % \hbox ensues.
-    \ #2% The page number ends the paragraph.
+    \ifpdf
+      \pdfgettoks#2.\ \the\toksA % The page number ends the paragraph.
+    \else
+      \ #2% The page number ends the paragraph.
+    \fi
   \fi%
   \par
 \endgroup}
@@ -2550,24 +3102,26 @@
 
 \def\begindoublecolumns{\begingroup % ended by \enddoublecolumns
   % Grab any single-column material above us.
-  \output = {\global\setbox\partialpage = \vbox{%
-    % 
+  \output = {%
+    %
     % Here is a possibility not foreseen in manmac: if we accumulate a
     % whole lot of material, we might end up calling this \output
     % routine twice in a row (see the doublecol-lose test, which is
     % essentially a couple of indexes with @setchapternewpage off).  In
-    % that case, we must prevent the second \partialpage from
-    % simply overwriting the first, causing us to lose the page.
-    % This will preserve it until a real output routine can ship it
-    % out.  Generally, \partialpage will be empty when this runs and
-    % this will be a no-op.
-    \unvbox\partialpage
+    % that case we just ship out what is in \partialpage with the normal
+    % output routine.  Generally, \partialpage will be empty when this
+    % runs and this will be a no-op.  See the indexspread.tex test case.
+    \ifvoid\partialpage \else
+      \onepageout{\pagecontents\partialpage}%
+    \fi
     %
-    % Unvbox the main output page.
-    \unvbox255
-    \kern-\topskip \kern\baselineskip
-  }}%
-  \eject
+    \global\setbox\partialpage = \vbox{%
+      % Unvbox the main output page.
+      \unvbox\PAGE
+      \kern-\topskip \kern\baselineskip
+    }%
+  }%
+  \eject % run that output routine to set \partialpage
   %
   % Use the double-column output routine for subsequent pages.
   \output = {\doublecolumnout}%
@@ -2595,14 +3149,21 @@
   %
   % Double the \vsize as well.  (We don't need a separate register here,
   % since nobody clobbers \vsize.)
+  \advance\vsize by -\ht\partialpage
   \vsize = 2\vsize
 }
+
+% The double-column output routine for all double-column pages except
+% the last.
+%
 \def\doublecolumnout{%
   \splittopskip=\topskip \splitmaxdepth=\maxdepth
   % Get the available space for the double columns -- the normal
   % (undoubled) page height minus any material left over from the
   % previous page.
-  \dimen@=\pageheight \advance\dimen@ by-\ht\partialpage
+  \dimen@ = \vsize
+  \divide\dimen@ by 2
+  %
   % box0 will be the left-hand column, box2 the right.
   \setbox0=\vsplit255 to\dimen@ \setbox2=\vsplit255 to\dimen@
   \onepageout\pagesofar
@@ -2611,42 +3172,67 @@
 }
 \def\pagesofar{%
   % Re-output the contents of the output page -- any previous material,
-  % followed by the two boxes we just split.
+  % followed by the two boxes we just split, in box0 and box2.
   \unvbox\partialpage
+  %
   \hsize = \doublecolumnhsize
-  \wd0=\hsize \wd2=\hsize \hbox to\pagewidth{\box0\hfil\box2}%
+  \wd0=\hsize \wd2=\hsize
+  \hbox to\pagewidth{\box0\hfil\box2}%
 }
 \def\enddoublecolumns{%
-  \output = {\balancecolumns}\eject % split what we have
+  \output = {%
+    % Split the last of the double-column material.  Leave it on the
+    % current page, no automatic page break.
+    \balancecolumns
+    %
+    % If we end up splitting too much material for the current page,
+    % though, there will be another page break right after this \output
+    % invocation ends.  Having called \balancecolumns once, we do not
+    % want to call it again.  Therefore, reset \output to its normal
+    % definition right away.  (We hope \balancecolumns will never be
+    % called on to balance too much material, but if it is, this makes
+    % the output somewhat more palatable.)
+    \global\output = {\onepageout{\pagecontents\PAGE}}%
+  }%
+  \eject
   \endgroup % started in \begindoublecolumns
   %
-  % Back to normal single-column typesetting, but take account of the
-  % fact that we just accumulated some stuff on the output page.
+  % \pagegoal was set to the doubled \vsize above, since we restarted
+  % the current page.  We're now back to normal single-column
+  % typesetting, so reset \pagegoal to the normal \vsize (after the
+  % \endgroup where \vsize got restored).
   \pagegoal = \vsize
 }
 \def\balancecolumns{%
   % Called at the end of the double column material.
-  \setbox0 = \vbox{\unvbox255}%
+  \setbox0 = \vbox{\unvbox255}% like \box255 but more efficient, see p.120.
   \dimen@ = \ht0
   \advance\dimen@ by \topskip
   \advance\dimen@ by-\baselineskip
-  \divide\dimen@ by 2
+  \divide\dimen@ by 2 % target to split to
+  %debug\message{final 2-column material height=\the\ht0, target=\the\dimen@.}%
   \splittopskip = \topskip
   % Loop until we get a decent breakpoint.
-  {\vbadness=10000 \loop
-    \global\setbox3=\copy0
-    \global\setbox1=\vsplit3 to\dimen@
-    \ifdim\ht3>\dimen@ \global\advance\dimen@ by1pt
-   \repeat}%
+  {%
+    \vbadness = 10000
+    \loop
+      \global\setbox3 = \copy0
+      \global\setbox1 = \vsplit3 to \dimen@
+    \ifdim\ht3>\dimen@
+      \global\advance\dimen@ by 1pt
+    \repeat
+  }%
+  %debug\message{split to \the\dimen@, column heights: \the\ht1, \the\ht3.}%
   \setbox0=\vbox to\dimen@{\unvbox1}%
   \setbox2=\vbox to\dimen@{\unvbox3}%
+  %
   \pagesofar
 }
 \catcode`\@ = \other
 
 
 \message{sectioning,}
-% Define chapters, sections, etc.
+% Chapters, sections, etc.
 
 \newcount\chapno
 \newcount\secno        \secno=0
@@ -2655,52 +3241,48 @@
 
 % This counter is funny since it counts through charcodes of letters A, B, ...
 \newcount\appendixno  \appendixno = `\@
-\def\appendixletter{\char\the\appendixno}
-
-\newwrite\contentsfile
-% This is called from \setfilename.
-\def\opencontents{\openout\contentsfile = \jobname.toc }
+% \def\appendixletter{\char\the\appendixno}
+% We do the following for the sake of pdftex, which needs the actual
+% letter in the expansion, not just typeset.
+\def\appendixletter{%
+  \ifnum\appendixno=`A A%
+  \else\ifnum\appendixno=`B B%
+  \else\ifnum\appendixno=`C C%
+  \else\ifnum\appendixno=`D D%
+  \else\ifnum\appendixno=`E E%
+  \else\ifnum\appendixno=`F F%
+  \else\ifnum\appendixno=`G G%
+  \else\ifnum\appendixno=`H H%
+  \else\ifnum\appendixno=`I I%
+  \else\ifnum\appendixno=`J J%
+  \else\ifnum\appendixno=`K K%
+  \else\ifnum\appendixno=`L L%
+  \else\ifnum\appendixno=`M M%
+  \else\ifnum\appendixno=`N N%
+  \else\ifnum\appendixno=`O O%
+  \else\ifnum\appendixno=`P P%
+  \else\ifnum\appendixno=`Q Q%
+  \else\ifnum\appendixno=`R R%
+  \else\ifnum\appendixno=`S S%
+  \else\ifnum\appendixno=`T T%
+  \else\ifnum\appendixno=`U U%
+  \else\ifnum\appendixno=`V V%
+  \else\ifnum\appendixno=`W W%
+  \else\ifnum\appendixno=`X X%
+  \else\ifnum\appendixno=`Y Y%
+  \else\ifnum\appendixno=`Z Z%
+  % The \the is necessary, despite appearances, because \appendixletter is
+  % expanded while writing the .toc file.  \char\appendixno is not
+  % expandable, thus it is written literally, thus all appendixes come out
+  % with the same letter (or @) in the toc without it.
+  \else\char\the\appendixno
+  \fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi
+  \fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi}
 
 % Each @chapter defines this as the name of the chapter.
-% page headings and footings can use it.  @section does likewise
-
-\def\thischapter{} \def\thissection{}
-\def\seccheck#1{\ifnum \pageno<0
-  \errmessage{@#1 not allowed after generating table of contents}%
-\fi}
-
-\def\chapternofonts{%
-\let\rawbackslash=\relax%
-\let\frenchspacing=\relax%
-\def\result{\realbackslash result}%
-\def\equiv{\realbackslash equiv}%
-\def\expansion{\realbackslash expansion}%
-\def\print{\realbackslash print}%
-\def\TeX{\realbackslash TeX}%
-\def\dots{\realbackslash dots}%
-\def\copyright{\realbackslash copyright}%
-\def\tt{\realbackslash tt}%
-\def\bf{\realbackslash bf}%
-\def\w{\realbackslash w}%
-\def\less{\realbackslash less}%
-\def\gtr{\realbackslash gtr}%
-\def\hat{\realbackslash hat}%
-\def\char{\realbackslash char}%
-\def\tclose##1{\realbackslash tclose{##1}}%
-\def\code##1{\realbackslash code{##1}}%
-\def\samp##1{\realbackslash samp{##1}}%
-\def\r##1{\realbackslash r{##1}}%
-\def\b##1{\realbackslash b{##1}}%
-\def\key##1{\realbackslash key{##1}}%
-\def\file##1{\realbackslash file{##1}}%
-\def\kbd##1{\realbackslash kbd{##1}}%
-% These are redefined because @smartitalic wouldn't work inside xdef.
-\def\i##1{\realbackslash i{##1}}%
-\def\cite##1{\realbackslash cite{##1}}%
-\def\var##1{\realbackslash var{##1}}%
-\def\emph##1{\realbackslash emph{##1}}%
-\def\dfn##1{\realbackslash dfn{##1}}%
-}
+% page headings and footings can use it.  @section does likewise.
+\def\thischapter{}
+\def\thissection{}
 
 \newcount\absseclevel % used to calculate proper heading level
 \newcount\secbase\secbase=0 % @raise/lowersections modify this count
@@ -2772,59 +3354,59 @@
 \fi
 }
 
-
+% @chapter, @appendix, @unnumbered.
 \def\thischaptername{No Chapter Title}
 \outer\def\chapter{\parsearg\chapteryyy}
 \def\chapteryyy #1{\numhead0{#1}} % normally numhead0 calls chapterzzz
-\def\chapterzzz #1{\seccheck{chapter}%
+\def\chapterzzz #1{%
 \secno=0 \subsecno=0 \subsubsecno=0
-\global\advance \chapno by 1 \message{\putwordChapter \the\chapno}%
+\global\advance \chapno by 1 \message{\putwordChapter\space \the\chapno}%
 \chapmacro {#1}{\the\chapno}%
 \gdef\thissection{#1}%
 \gdef\thischaptername{#1}%
 % We don't substitute the actual chapter name into \thischapter
 % because we don't want its macros evaluated now.
 \xdef\thischapter{\putwordChapter{} \the\chapno: \noexpand\thischaptername}%
-{\chapternofonts%
 \toks0 = {#1}%
-\edef\temp{{\realbackslash chapentry{\the\toks0}{\the\chapno}{\noexpand\folio}}}%
-\escapechar=`\\%
-\write \contentsfile \temp  %
-\donoderef %
+\edef\temp{\noexpand\writetocentry{\realbackslash chapentry{\the\toks0}%
+                                  {\the\chapno}}}%
+\temp
+\donoderef
 \global\let\section = \numberedsec
 \global\let\subsection = \numberedsubsec
 \global\let\subsubsection = \numberedsubsubsec
-}}
+}
 
 \outer\def\appendix{\parsearg\appendixyyy}
 \def\appendixyyy #1{\apphead0{#1}} % normally apphead0 calls appendixzzz
-\def\appendixzzz #1{\seccheck{appendix}%
+\def\appendixzzz #1{%
 \secno=0 \subsecno=0 \subsubsecno=0
-\global\advance \appendixno by 1 \message{Appendix \appendixletter}%
+\global\advance \appendixno by 1
+\message{\putwordAppendix\space \appendixletter}%
 \chapmacro {#1}{\putwordAppendix{} \appendixletter}%
 \gdef\thissection{#1}%
 \gdef\thischaptername{#1}%
 \xdef\thischapter{\putwordAppendix{} \appendixletter: \noexpand\thischaptername}%
-{\chapternofonts%
 \toks0 = {#1}%
-\edef\temp{{\realbackslash chapentry{\the\toks0}%
-  {\putwordAppendix{} \appendixletter}{\noexpand\folio}}}%
-\escapechar=`\\%
-\write \contentsfile \temp  %
-\appendixnoderef %
+\edef\temp{\noexpand\writetocentry{\realbackslash chapentry{\the\toks0}%
+                       {\putwordAppendix{} \appendixletter}}}%
+\temp
+\appendixnoderef
 \global\let\section = \appendixsec
 \global\let\subsection = \appendixsubsec
 \global\let\subsubsection = \appendixsubsubsec
-}}
+}
 
 % @centerchap is like @unnumbered, but the heading is centered.
 \outer\def\centerchap{\parsearg\centerchapyyy}
 \def\centerchapyyy #1{{\let\unnumbchapmacro=\centerchapmacro \unnumberedyyy{#1}}}
 
+% @top is like @unnumbered.
 \outer\def\top{\parsearg\unnumberedyyy}
+
 \outer\def\unnumbered{\parsearg\unnumberedyyy}
 \def\unnumberedyyy #1{\unnmhead0{#1}} % normally unnmhead0 calls unnumberedzzz
-\def\unnumberedzzz #1{\seccheck{unnumbered}%
+\def\unnumberedzzz #1{%
 \secno=0 \subsecno=0 \subsubsecno=0
 %
 % This used to be simply \message{#1}, but TeX fully expands the
@@ -2836,155 +3418,139 @@
 % Anyway, we don't want the fully-expanded definition of @cite to appear
 % as a result of the \message, we just want `@cite' itself.  We use
 % \the<toks register> to achieve this: TeX expands \the<toks> only once,
-% simply yielding the contents of the <toks register>.
+% simply yielding the contents of <toks register>.  (We also do this for
+% the toc entries.)
 \toks0 = {#1}\message{(\the\toks0)}%
 %
 \unnumbchapmacro {#1}%
 \gdef\thischapter{#1}\gdef\thissection{#1}%
-{\chapternofonts%
 \toks0 = {#1}%
-\edef\temp{{\realbackslash unnumbchapentry{\the\toks0}{\noexpand\folio}}}%
-\escapechar=`\\%
-\write \contentsfile \temp  %
-\unnumbnoderef %
+\edef\temp{\noexpand\writetocentry{\realbackslash unnumbchapentry{\the\toks0}}}%
+\temp
+\unnumbnoderef
 \global\let\section = \unnumberedsec
 \global\let\subsection = \unnumberedsubsec
 \global\let\subsubsection = \unnumberedsubsubsec
-}}
-
+}
+
+% Sections.
 \outer\def\numberedsec{\parsearg\secyyy}
 \def\secyyy #1{\numhead1{#1}} % normally calls seczzz
-\def\seczzz #1{\seccheck{section}%
+\def\seczzz #1{%
 \subsecno=0 \subsubsecno=0 \global\advance \secno by 1 %
 \gdef\thissection{#1}\secheading {#1}{\the\chapno}{\the\secno}%
-{\chapternofonts%
 \toks0 = {#1}%
-\edef\temp{{\realbackslash secentry %
-{\the\toks0}{\the\chapno}{\the\secno}{\noexpand\folio}}}%
-\escapechar=`\\%
-\write \contentsfile \temp %
-\donoderef %
-\penalty 10000 %
-}}
+\edef\temp{\noexpand\writetocentry{\realbackslash secentry{\the\toks0}%
+                                  {\the\chapno}{\the\secno}}}%
+\temp
+\donoderef
+\nobreak
+}
 
 \outer\def\appendixsection{\parsearg\appendixsecyyy}
 \outer\def\appendixsec{\parsearg\appendixsecyyy}
 \def\appendixsecyyy #1{\apphead1{#1}} % normally calls appendixsectionzzz
-\def\appendixsectionzzz #1{\seccheck{appendixsection}%
+\def\appendixsectionzzz #1{%
 \subsecno=0 \subsubsecno=0 \global\advance \secno by 1 %
 \gdef\thissection{#1}\secheading {#1}{\appendixletter}{\the\secno}%
-{\chapternofonts%
 \toks0 = {#1}%
-\edef\temp{{\realbackslash secentry %
-{\the\toks0}{\appendixletter}{\the\secno}{\noexpand\folio}}}%
-\escapechar=`\\%
-\write \contentsfile \temp %
-\appendixnoderef %
-\penalty 10000 %
-}}
+\edef\temp{\noexpand\writetocentry{\realbackslash secentry{\the\toks0}%
+                                  {\appendixletter}{\the\secno}}}%
+\temp
+\appendixnoderef
+\nobreak
+}
 
 \outer\def\unnumberedsec{\parsearg\unnumberedsecyyy}
 \def\unnumberedsecyyy #1{\unnmhead1{#1}} % normally calls unnumberedseczzz
-\def\unnumberedseczzz #1{\seccheck{unnumberedsec}%
+\def\unnumberedseczzz #1{%
 \plainsecheading {#1}\gdef\thissection{#1}%
-{\chapternofonts%
 \toks0 = {#1}%
-\edef\temp{{\realbackslash unnumbsecentry{\the\toks0}{\noexpand\folio}}}%
-\escapechar=`\\%
-\write \contentsfile \temp %
-\unnumbnoderef %
-\penalty 10000 %
-}}
-
+\edef\temp{\noexpand\writetocentry{\realbackslash unnumbsecentry{\the\toks0}}}%
+\temp
+\unnumbnoderef
+\nobreak
+}
+
+% Subsections.
 \outer\def\numberedsubsec{\parsearg\numberedsubsecyyy}
 \def\numberedsubsecyyy #1{\numhead2{#1}} % normally calls numberedsubseczzz
-\def\numberedsubseczzz #1{\seccheck{subsection}%
+\def\numberedsubseczzz #1{%
 \gdef\thissection{#1}\subsubsecno=0 \global\advance \subsecno by 1 %
 \subsecheading {#1}{\the\chapno}{\the\secno}{\the\subsecno}%
-{\chapternofonts%
 \toks0 = {#1}%
-\edef\temp{{\realbackslash subsecentry %
-{\the\toks0}{\the\chapno}{\the\secno}{\the\subsecno}{\noexpand\folio}}}%
-\escapechar=`\\%
-\write \contentsfile \temp %
-\donoderef %
-\penalty 10000 %
-}}
+\edef\temp{\noexpand\writetocentry{\realbackslash subsecentry{\the\toks0}%
+                                    {\the\chapno}{\the\secno}{\the\subsecno}}}%
+\temp
+\donoderef
+\nobreak
+}
 
 \outer\def\appendixsubsec{\parsearg\appendixsubsecyyy}
 \def\appendixsubsecyyy #1{\apphead2{#1}} % normally calls appendixsubseczzz
-\def\appendixsubseczzz #1{\seccheck{appendixsubsec}%
+\def\appendixsubseczzz #1{%
 \gdef\thissection{#1}\subsubsecno=0 \global\advance \subsecno by 1 %
 \subsecheading {#1}{\appendixletter}{\the\secno}{\the\subsecno}%
-{\chapternofonts%
 \toks0 = {#1}%
-\edef\temp{{\realbackslash subsecentry %
-{\the\toks0}{\appendixletter}{\the\secno}{\the\subsecno}{\noexpand\folio}}}%
-\escapechar=`\\%
-\write \contentsfile \temp %
-\appendixnoderef %
-\penalty 10000 %
-}}
+\edef\temp{\noexpand\writetocentry{\realbackslash subsecentry{\the\toks0}%
+                                {\appendixletter}{\the\secno}{\the\subsecno}}}%
+\temp
+\appendixnoderef
+\nobreak
+}
 
 \outer\def\unnumberedsubsec{\parsearg\unnumberedsubsecyyy}
 \def\unnumberedsubsecyyy #1{\unnmhead2{#1}} %normally calls unnumberedsubseczzz
-\def\unnumberedsubseczzz #1{\seccheck{unnumberedsubsec}%
+\def\unnumberedsubseczzz #1{%
 \plainsubsecheading {#1}\gdef\thissection{#1}%
-{\chapternofonts%
 \toks0 = {#1}%
-\edef\temp{{\realbackslash unnumbsubsecentry{\the\toks0}{\noexpand\folio}}}%
-\escapechar=`\\%
-\write \contentsfile \temp %
-\unnumbnoderef %
-\penalty 10000 %
-}}
-
+\edef\temp{\noexpand\writetocentry{\realbackslash unnumbsubsecentry%
+                                    {\the\toks0}}}%
+\temp
+\unnumbnoderef
+\nobreak
+}
+
+% Subsubsections.
 \outer\def\numberedsubsubsec{\parsearg\numberedsubsubsecyyy}
 \def\numberedsubsubsecyyy #1{\numhead3{#1}} % normally numberedsubsubseczzz
-\def\numberedsubsubseczzz #1{\seccheck{subsubsection}%
+\def\numberedsubsubseczzz #1{%
 \gdef\thissection{#1}\global\advance \subsubsecno by 1 %
 \subsubsecheading {#1}
   {\the\chapno}{\the\secno}{\the\subsecno}{\the\subsubsecno}%
-{\chapternofonts%
 \toks0 = {#1}%
-\edef\temp{{\realbackslash subsubsecentry{\the\toks0}
-  {\the\chapno}{\the\secno}{\the\subsecno}{\the\subsubsecno}
-  {\noexpand\folio}}}%
-\escapechar=`\\%
-\write \contentsfile \temp %
-\donoderef %
-\penalty 10000 %
-}}
+\edef\temp{\noexpand\writetocentry{\realbackslash subsubsecentry{\the\toks0}%
+  {\the\chapno}{\the\secno}{\the\subsecno}{\the\subsubsecno}}}%
+\temp
+\donoderef
+\nobreak
+}
 
 \outer\def\appendixsubsubsec{\parsearg\appendixsubsubsecyyy}
 \def\appendixsubsubsecyyy #1{\apphead3{#1}} % normally appendixsubsubseczzz
-\def\appendixsubsubseczzz #1{\seccheck{appendixsubsubsec}%
+\def\appendixsubsubseczzz #1{%
 \gdef\thissection{#1}\global\advance \subsubsecno by 1 %
 \subsubsecheading {#1}
   {\appendixletter}{\the\secno}{\the\subsecno}{\the\subsubsecno}%
-{\chapternofonts%
 \toks0 = {#1}%
-\edef\temp{{\realbackslash subsubsecentry{\the\toks0}%
-  {\appendixletter}
-  {\the\secno}{\the\subsecno}{\the\subsubsecno}{\noexpand\folio}}}%
-\escapechar=`\\%
-\write \contentsfile \temp %
-\appendixnoderef %
-\penalty 10000 %
-}}
+\edef\temp{\noexpand\writetocentry{\realbackslash subsubsecentry{\the\toks0}%
+  {\appendixletter}{\the\secno}{\the\subsecno}{\the\subsubsecno}}}%
+\temp
+\appendixnoderef
+\nobreak
+}
 
 \outer\def\unnumberedsubsubsec{\parsearg\unnumberedsubsubsecyyy}
 \def\unnumberedsubsubsecyyy #1{\unnmhead3{#1}} %normally unnumberedsubsubseczzz
-\def\unnumberedsubsubseczzz #1{\seccheck{unnumberedsubsubsec}%
+\def\unnumberedsubsubseczzz #1{%
 \plainsubsubsecheading {#1}\gdef\thissection{#1}%
-{\chapternofonts%
 \toks0 = {#1}%
-\edef\temp{{\realbackslash unnumbsubsubsecentry{\the\toks0}{\noexpand\folio}}}%
-\escapechar=`\\%
-\write \contentsfile \temp %
-\unnumbnoderef %
-\penalty 10000 %
-}}
+\edef\temp{\noexpand\writetocentry{\realbackslash unnumbsubsubsecentry%
+                                    {\the\toks0}}}%
+\temp
+\unnumbnoderef
+\nobreak
+}
 
 % These are variants which are not "outer", so they can appear in @ifinfo.
 % Actually, they should now be obsolete; ordinary section commands should work.
@@ -3013,8 +3579,7 @@
 
 % Define @majorheading, @heading and @subheading
 
-% NOTE on use of \vbox for chapter headings, section headings, and
-% such:
+% NOTE on use of \vbox for chapter headings, section headings, and such:
 %       1) We use \vbox rather than the earlier \line to permit
 %          overlong headings to fold.
 %       2) \hyphenpenalty is set to 10000 because hyphenation in a
@@ -3061,12 +3626,12 @@
 
 \def\setchapternewpage #1 {\csname CHAPPAG#1\endcsname}
 
-\def\CHAPPAGoff{
+\def\CHAPPAGoff{%
 \global\let\contentsalignmacro = \chappager
 \global\let\pchapsepmacro=\chapbreak
 \global\let\pagealignmacro=\chappager}
 
-\def\CHAPPAGon{
+\def\CHAPPAGon{%
 \global\let\contentsalignmacro = \chappager
 \global\let\pchapsepmacro=\chappager
 \global\let\pagealignmacro=\chappager
@@ -3120,7 +3685,7 @@
 \def\unnchfopen #1{%
 \chapoddpage {\chapfonts \vbox{\hyphenpenalty=10000\tolerance=5000
                        \parindent=0pt\raggedright
-                       \rm #1\hfill}}\bigskip \par\penalty 10000 %
+                       \rm #1\hfill}}\bigskip \par\nobreak
 }
 
 \def\chfopen #1#2{\chapoddpage {\chapfonts
@@ -3131,7 +3696,7 @@
 \def\centerchfopen #1{%
 \chapoddpage {\chapfonts \vbox{\hyphenpenalty=10000\tolerance=5000
                        \parindent=0pt
-                       \hfill {\rm #1}\hfill}}\bigskip \par\penalty 10000 %
+                       \hfill {\rm #1}\hfill}}\bigskip \par\nobreak
 }
 
 \def\CHAPFopen{
@@ -3184,43 +3749,77 @@
 }
 
 
-\message{toc printing,}
-% Finish up the main text and prepare to read what we've written
-% to \contentsfile.
+\message{toc,}
+% Table of contents.
+\newwrite\tocfile
+
+% Write an entry to the toc file, opening it if necessary.
+% Called from @chapter, etc.  We supply {\folio} at the end of the
+% argument, which will end up as the last argument to the \...entry macro.
+%
+% We open the .toc file here instead of at @setfilename or any other
+% given time so that @contents can be put in the document anywhere.
+%
+\newif\iftocfileopened
+\def\writetocentry#1{%
+  \iftocfileopened\else
+    \immediate\openout\tocfile = \jobname.toc
+    \global\tocfileopenedtrue
+  \fi
+  \iflinks \write\tocfile{#1{\folio}}\fi
+}
 
 \newskip\contentsrightmargin \contentsrightmargin=1in
+\newcount\savepageno
+\newcount\lastnegativepageno \lastnegativepageno = -1
+
+% Finish up the main text and prepare to read what we've written
+% to \tocfile.
+%
 \def\startcontents#1{%
    % If @setchapternewpage on, and @headings double, the contents should
    % start on an odd page, unlike chapters.  Thus, we maintain
    % \contentsalignmacro in parallel with \pagealignmacro.
    % From: Torbjorn Granlund <tege@matematik.su.se>
    \contentsalignmacro
-   \immediate\closeout \contentsfile
-   \ifnum \pageno>0
-      \pageno = -1              % Request roman numbered pages.
-   \fi
+   \immediate\closeout\tocfile
+   %
    % Don't need to put `Contents' or `Short Contents' in the headline.
    % It is abundantly clear what they are.
    \unnumbchapmacro{#1}\def\thischapter{}%
+   \savepageno = \pageno
    \begingroup                  % Set up to handle contents files properly.
       \catcode`\\=0  \catcode`\{=1  \catcode`\}=2  \catcode`\@=11
-      \catcode`\^=7 % to see ^^e4 as \"a etc. juha@piuha.ydi.vtt.fi
+      % We can't do this, because then an actual ^ in a section
+      % title fails, e.g., @chapter ^ -- exponentiation.  --karl, 9jul97.
+      %\catcode`\^=7 % to see ^^e4 as \"a etc. juha@piuha.ydi.vtt.fi
       \raggedbottom             % Worry more about breakpoints than the bottom.
       \advance\hsize by -\contentsrightmargin % Don't use the full line length.
+      %
+      % Roman numerals for page numbers.
+      \ifnum \pageno>0 \pageno = \lastnegativepageno \fi
 }
 
 
 % Normal (long) toc.
-\outer\def\contents{%
-   \startcontents{\putwordTableofContents}%
-      \input \jobname.toc
+\def\contents{%
+   \startcontents{\putwordTOC}%
+     \openin 1 \jobname.toc
+     \ifeof 1 \else
+       \closein 1
+       \input \jobname.toc
+     \fi
+     \vfill \eject
+     \contentsalignmacro % in case @setchapternewpage odd is in effect
+     \pdfmakeoutlines
    \endgroup
-   \vfill \eject
+   \lastnegativepageno = \pageno
+   \pageno = \savepageno
 }
 
 % And just the chapters.
-\outer\def\summarycontents{%
-   \startcontents{\putwordShortContents}%
+\def\summarycontents{%
+   \startcontents{\putwordShortTOC}%
       %
       \let\chapentry = \shortchapentry
       \let\unnumbchapentry = \shortunnumberedentry
@@ -3236,12 +3835,23 @@
       \def\unnumbsubsecentry ##1##2{}
       \def\subsubsecentry ##1##2##3##4##5##6{}
       \def\unnumbsubsubsecentry ##1##2{}
-      \input \jobname.toc
+      \openin 1 \jobname.toc
+      \ifeof 1 \else
+        \closein 1
+        \input \jobname.toc
+      \fi
+     \vfill \eject
+     \contentsalignmacro % in case @setchapternewpage odd is in effect
    \endgroup
-   \vfill \eject
+   \lastnegativepageno = \pageno
+   \pageno = \savepageno
 }
 \let\shortcontents = \summarycontents
 
+\ifpdf
+  \pdfcatalog{/PageMode /UseOutlines}%
+\fi
+
 % These macros generate individual entries in the table of contents.
 % The first argument is the chapter or section name.
 % The last argument is the page number.
@@ -3252,7 +3862,7 @@
 
 % See comments in \dochapentry re vbox and related settings
 \def\shortchapentry#1#2#3{%
-  \tocentry{\shortchaplabel{#2}\labelspace #1}{\doshortpageno{#3}}%
+  \tocentry{\shortchaplabel{#2}\labelspace #1}{\doshortpageno\bgroup#3\egroup}%
 }
 
 % Typeset the label for a chapter or appendix for the short contents.
@@ -3260,10 +3870,14 @@
 % We could simplify the code here by writing out an \appendixentry
 % command in the toc file for appendices, instead of using \chapentry
 % for both, but it doesn't seem worth it.
-\setbox0 = \hbox{\shortcontrm \putwordAppendix }
-\newdimen\shortappendixwidth \shortappendixwidth = \wd0
-
+%
+\newdimen\shortappendixwidth
+%
 \def\shortchaplabel#1{%
+  % Compute width of word "Appendix", may change with language.
+  \setbox0 = \hbox{\shortcontrm \putwordAppendix}%
+  \shortappendixwidth = \wd0
+  %
   % We typeset #1 in a box of constant width, regardless of the text of
   % #1, so the chapter titles will come out aligned.
   \setbox0 = \hbox{#1}%
@@ -3278,7 +3892,7 @@
 }
 
 \def\unnumbchapentry#1#2{\dochapentry{#1}{#2}}
-\def\shortunnumberedentry#1#2{\tocentry{#1}{\doshortpageno{#2}}}
+\def\shortunnumberedentry#1#2{\tocentry{#1}{\doshortpageno\bgroup#2\egroup}}
 
 % Sections.
 \def\secentry#1#2#3#4{\dosecentry{#2.#3\labelspace#1}{#4}}
@@ -3305,35 +3919,36 @@
    \penalty-300 \vskip1\baselineskip plus.33\baselineskip minus.25\baselineskip
    \begingroup
      \chapentryfonts
-     \tocentry{#1}{\dopageno{#2}}%
+     \tocentry{#1}{\dopageno\bgroup#2\egroup}%
    \endgroup
    \nobreak\vskip .25\baselineskip plus.1\baselineskip
 }
 
 \def\dosecentry#1#2{\begingroup
   \secentryfonts \leftskip=\tocindent
-  \tocentry{#1}{\dopageno{#2}}%
+  \tocentry{#1}{\dopageno\bgroup#2\egroup}%
 \endgroup}
 
 \def\dosubsecentry#1#2{\begingroup
   \subsecentryfonts \leftskip=2\tocindent
-  \tocentry{#1}{\dopageno{#2}}%
+  \tocentry{#1}{\dopageno\bgroup#2\egroup}%
 \endgroup}
 
 \def\dosubsubsecentry#1#2{\begingroup
   \subsubsecentryfonts \leftskip=3\tocindent
-  \tocentry{#1}{\dopageno{#2}}%
+  \tocentry{#1}{\dopageno\bgroup#2\egroup}%
 \endgroup}
 
 % Final typesetting of a toc entry; we use the same \entry macro as for
 % the index entries, but we want to suppress hyphenation here.  (We
 % can't do that in the \entry macro, since index entries might consist
 % of hyphenated-identifiers-that-do-not-fit-on-a-line-and-nothing-else.)
-%
-% \turnoffactive is for the sake of @" used for umlauts.
 \def\tocentry#1#2{\begingroup
   \vskip 0pt plus1pt % allow a little stretch for the sake of nice page breaks
-  \entry{\turnoffactive #1}{\turnoffactive #2}%
+  % Do not use \turnoffactive in these arguments.  Since the toc is
+  % typeset in cmr, so characters such as _ would come out wrong; we
+  % have to do the usual translation tricks.
+  \entry{#1}{#2}%
 \endgroup}
 
 % Space between chapter (or whatever) number and the title.
@@ -3349,6 +3964,7 @@
 
 
 \message{environments,}
+% @foo ... @end foo.
 
 % Since these characters are used in examples, it should be an even number of
 % \tt widths. Each \tt character is 1en, so two makes it 1em.
@@ -3399,30 +4015,36 @@
 % But \@ or @@ will get a plain tex @ character.
 
 \def\tex{\begingroup
-\catcode `\\=0 \catcode `\{=1 \catcode `\}=2
-\catcode `\$=3 \catcode `\&=4 \catcode `\#=6
-\catcode `\^=7 \catcode `\_=8 \catcode `\~=13 \let~=\tie
-\catcode `\%=14
-\catcode 43=12 % plus
-\catcode`\"=12
-\catcode`\==12
-\catcode`\|=12
-\catcode`\<=12
-\catcode`\>=12
-\escapechar=`\\
-%
-\let\,=\ptexcomma
-\let\{=\ptexlbrace
-\let\}=\ptexrbrace
-\let\.=\ptexdot
-\let\*=\ptexstar
-\let\dots=\ptexdots
-\def\endldots{\mathinner{\ldots\ldots\ldots\ldots}}%
-\def\enddots{\relax\ifmmode\endldots\else$\mathsurround=0pt \endldots\,$\fi}%
-\def\@{@}%
-\let\bullet=\ptexbullet
-\let\b=\ptexb \let\c=\ptexc \let\i=\ptexi \let\t=\ptext
-%
+  \catcode `\\=0 \catcode `\{=1 \catcode `\}=2
+  \catcode `\$=3 \catcode `\&=4 \catcode `\#=6
+  \catcode `\^=7 \catcode `\_=8 \catcode `\~=13 \let~=\tie
+  \catcode `\%=14
+  \catcode 43=12 % plus
+  \catcode`\"=12
+  \catcode`\==12
+  \catcode`\|=12
+  \catcode`\<=12
+  \catcode`\>=12
+  \escapechar=`\\
+  %
+  \let\b=\ptexb
+  \let\bullet=\ptexbullet
+  \let\c=\ptexc
+  \let\,=\ptexcomma
+  \let\.=\ptexdot
+  \let\dots=\ptexdots
+  \let\equiv=\ptexequiv
+  \let\!=\ptexexclam
+  \let\i=\ptexi
+  \let\{=\ptexlbrace
+  \let\+=\tabalign
+  \let\}=\ptexrbrace
+  \let\*=\ptexstar
+  \let\t=\ptext
+  %
+  \def\endldots{\mathinner{\ldots\ldots\ldots\ldots}}%
+  \def\enddots{\relax\ifmmode\endldots\else$\mathsurround=0pt \endldots\,$\fi}%
+  \def\@{@}%
 \let\Etex=\endgroup}
 
 % Define @lisp ... @endlisp.
@@ -3467,8 +4089,8 @@
 % \nonarrowing is a flag.  If "set", @lisp etc don't narrow margins.
 \let\nonarrowing=\relax
 
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-% \cartouche: draw rectangle w/rounded corners around argument
+% @cartouche ... @end cartouche: draw rectangle w/rounded corners around
+% environment contents.
 \font\circle=lcircle10
 \newdimen\circthick
 \newdimen\cartouter\newdimen\cartinner
@@ -3495,9 +4117,9 @@
         \cartinner=\hsize \advance\cartinner by-\lskip
                           \advance\cartinner by-\rskip
         \cartouter=\hsize
-        \advance\cartouter by 18pt % allow for 3pt kerns on either
+        \advance\cartouter by 18.4pt % allow for 3pt kerns on either
 %                                    side, and for 6pt waste from
-%                                    each corner char
+%                                    each corner char, and rule thickness
         \normbskip=\baselineskip \normpskip=\parskip \normlskip=\lineskip
         % Flag to tell @lisp, etc., not to narrow margin.
         \let\nonarrowing=\comment
@@ -3551,48 +4173,52 @@
   \fi
 }
 
-% To ending an @example-like environment, we first end the paragraph
-% (via \afterenvbreak's vertical glue), and then the group.  That way we
-% keep the zero \parskip that the environments set -- \parskip glue
-% will be inserted at the beginning of the next paragraph in the
-% document, after the environment.
+% Define the \E... control sequence only if we are inside the particular
+% environment, so the error checking in \end will work.
 %
-\def\nonfillfinish{\afterenvbreak\endgroup}%
-
-% This macro is
+% To end an @example-like environment, we first end the paragraph (via
+% \afterenvbreak's vertical glue), and then the group.  That way we keep
+% the zero \parskip that the environments set -- \parskip glue will be
+% inserted at the beginning of the next paragraph in the document, after
+% the environment.
+%
+\def\nonfillfinish{\afterenvbreak\endgroup}
+
+% @lisp: indented, narrowed, typewriter font.
 \def\lisp{\begingroup
   \nonfillstart
   \let\Elisp = \nonfillfinish
   \tt
-  \rawbackslash % have \ input char produce \ char from current font
-  \gobble
+  \let\kbdfont = \kbdexamplefont % Allow @kbd to do something special.
+  \gobble       % eat return
 }
 
-% Define the \E... control sequence only if we are inside the
-% environment, so the error checking in \end will work.
-%
-% We must call \lisp last in the definition, since it reads the
-% return following the @example (or whatever) command.
-%
+% @example: Same as @lisp.
 \def\example{\begingroup \def\Eexample{\nonfillfinish\endgroup}\lisp}
-\def\smallexample{\begingroup \def\Esmallexample{\nonfillfinish\endgroup}\lisp}
-\def\smalllisp{\begingroup \def\Esmalllisp{\nonfillfinish\endgroup}\lisp}
-
-% @smallexample and @smalllisp.  This is not used unless the @smallbook
-% command is given.  Originally contributed by Pavel@xerox.
+
+% @small... is usually equivalent to the non-small (@smallbook
+% redefines).  We must call \example (or whatever) last in the
+% definition, since it reads the return following the @example (or
+% whatever) command.
 %
+% This actually allows (for example) @end display inside an
+% @smalldisplay.  Too bad, but makeinfo will catch the error anyway.
+%
+\def\smalldisplay{\begingroup\def\Esmalldisplay{\nonfillfinish\endgroup}\display}
+\def\smallexample{\begingroup\def\Esmallexample{\nonfillfinish\endgroup}\lisp}
+\def\smallformat{\begingroup\def\Esmallformat{\nonfillfinish\endgroup}\format}
+\def\smalllisp{\begingroup\def\Esmalllisp{\nonfillfinish\endgroup}\lisp}
+
+% Real @smallexample and @smalllisp (when @smallbook): use smaller fonts.
+% Originally contributed by Pavel@xerox.
 \def\smalllispx{\begingroup
-  \nonfillstart
-  \let\Esmalllisp = \nonfillfinish
-  \let\Esmallexample = \nonfillfinish
-  %
-  % Smaller fonts for small examples.
-  \indexfonts \tt
-  \rawbackslash % make \ output the \ character from the current font (tt)
-  \gobble
+  \def\Esmalllisp{\nonfillfinish\endgroup}%
+  \def\Esmallexample{\nonfillfinish\endgroup}%
+  \smallfonts
+  \lisp
 }
 
-% This is @display; same as @lisp except use roman font.
+% @display: same as @lisp except keep current font.
 %
 \def\display{\begingroup
   \nonfillstart
@@ -3600,7 +4226,15 @@
   \gobble
 }
 
-% This is @format; same as @display except don't narrow margins.
+% @smalldisplay (when @smallbook): @display plus smaller fonts.
+%
+\def\smalldisplayx{\begingroup
+  \def\Esmalldisplay{\nonfillfinish\endgroup}%
+  \smallfonts \rm
+  \display
+}
+
+% @format: same as @display except don't narrow margins.
 %
 \def\format{\begingroup
   \let\nonarrowing = t
@@ -3609,20 +4243,27 @@
   \gobble
 }
 
-% @flushleft (same as @format) and @flushright.
+% @smallformat (when @smallbook): @format plus smaller fonts.
 %
-\def\flushleft{\begingroup
-  \let\nonarrowing = t
-  \nonfillstart
-  \let\Eflushleft = \nonfillfinish
-  \gobble
+\def\smallformatx{\begingroup
+  \def\Esmallformat{\nonfillfinish\endgroup}%
+  \smallfonts \rm
+  \format
 }
+
+% @flushleft (same as @format).
+%
+\def\flushleft{\begingroup \def\Eflushleft{\nonfillfinish\endgroup}\format}
+
+% @flushright.
+%
 \def\flushright{\begingroup
   \let\nonarrowing = t
   \nonfillstart
   \let\Eflushright = \nonfillfinish
   \advance\leftskip by 0pt plus 1fill
-  \gobble}
+  \gobble
+}
 
 % @quotation does normal linebreaking (hence we can't use \nonfillstart)
 % and narrows the margins.
@@ -3645,9 +4286,11 @@
   \fi
 }
 
+
 \message{defuns,}
-% Define formatter for defuns
-% First, allow user to change definition object font (\df) internally
+% @defun etc.
+
+% Allow user to change definition object font (\df) internally
 \def\setdeffont #1 {\csname DEF#1\endcsname}
 
 \newskip\defbodyindent \defbodyindent=.4in
@@ -3681,16 +4324,17 @@
 
 % Definitions of (, ) and & used in args for functions.
 % This is the definition of ( outside of all parentheses.
-\gdef\oprm#1 {{\rm\char`\(}#1 \bf \let(=\opnested %
-\global\advance\parencount by 1 }
+\gdef\oprm#1 {{\rm\char`\(}#1 \bf \let(=\opnested
+  \global\advance\parencount by 1
+}
 %
 % This is the definition of ( when already inside a level of parens.
 \gdef\opnested{\char`\(\global\advance\parencount by 1 }
 %
 \gdef\clrm{% Print a paren in roman if it is taking us back to depth of 0.
-% also in that case restore the outer-level definition of (.
-\ifnum \parencount=1 {\rm \char `\)}\sl \let(=\oprm \else \char `\) \fi
-\global\advance \parencount by -1 }
+  % also in that case restore the outer-level definition of (.
+  \ifnum \parencount=1 {\rm \char `\)}\sl \let(=\oprm \else \char `\) \fi
+  \global\advance \parencount by -1 }
 % If we encounter &foo, then turn on ()-hacking afterwards
 \gdef\amprm#1 {{\rm\&#1}\let(=\oprm \let)=\clrm\ }
 %
@@ -3698,8 +4342,17 @@
 } % End of definition inside \activeparens
 %% These parens (in \boldbrax) actually are a little bolder than the
 %% contained text.  This is especially needed for [ and ]
-\def\opnr{{\sf\char`\(}} \def\clnr{{\sf\char`\)}} \def\ampnr{\&}
-\def\lbrb{{\bf\char`\[}} \def\rbrb{{\bf\char`\]}}
+\def\opnr{{\sf\char`\(}\global\advance\parencount by 1 }
+\def\clnr{{\sf\char`\)}\global\advance\parencount by -1 }
+\let\ampnr = \&
+\def\lbrb{{\bf\char`\[}}
+\def\rbrb{{\bf\char`\]}}
+
+% Active &'s sneak into the index arguments, so make sure it's defined.
+{
+  \catcode`& = 13
+  \global\let& = \ampnr
+}
 
 % First, defname, which formats the header line itself.
 % #1 should be the function name.
@@ -3710,20 +4363,18 @@
 % outside the @def...
 \dimen2=\leftskip
 \advance\dimen2 by -\defbodyindent
-\dimen3=\rightskip
-\advance\dimen3 by -\defbodyindent
-\noindent        %
+\noindent
 \setbox0=\hbox{\hskip \deflastargmargin{\rm #2}\hskip \deftypemargin}%
 \dimen0=\hsize \advance \dimen0 by -\wd0 % compute size for first line
 \dimen1=\hsize \advance \dimen1 by -\defargsindent %size for continuations
-\parshape 2 0in \dimen0 \defargsindent \dimen1     %
+\parshape 2 0in \dimen0 \defargsindent \dimen1
 % Now output arg 2 ("Function" or some such)
 % ending at \deftypemargin from the right margin,
 % but stuck inside a box of width 0 so it does not interfere with linebreaking
 {% Adjust \hsize to exclude the ambient margins,
 % so that \rightline will obey them.
-\advance \hsize by -\dimen2 \advance \hsize by -\dimen3
-\rlap{\rightline{{\rm #2}\hskip \deftypemargin}}}%
+\advance \hsize by -\dimen2
+\rlap{\rightline{{\rm #2}\hskip -1.25pc }}}%
 % Make all lines underfull and no complaints:
 \tolerance=10000 \hbadness=10000
 \advance\leftskip by -\defbodyindent
@@ -3744,23 +4395,62 @@
 \def#1{\endgraf\endgroup\medbreak}%
 \def#2{\begingroup\obeylines\activeparens\spacesplit#3}%
 \parindent=0in
-\advance\leftskip by \defbodyindent \advance \rightskip by \defbodyindent
+\advance\leftskip by \defbodyindent
 \exdentamount=\defbodyindent
 \begingroup %
 \catcode 61=\active % 61 is `='
 \obeylines\activeparens\spacesplit#3}
 
-\def\defmethparsebody #1#2#3#4 {\begingroup\inENV %
+% #1 is the \E... control sequence to end the definition (which we define).
+% #2 is the \...x control sequence for consecutive fns (which we define).
+% #3 is the control sequence to call to resume processing.
+% #4, delimited by the space, is the class name.
+%
+\def\defmethparsebody#1#2#3#4 {\begingroup\inENV %
 \medbreak %
 % Define the end token that this defining construct specifies
 % so that it will exit this group.
 \def#1{\endgraf\endgroup\medbreak}%
 \def#2##1 {\begingroup\obeylines\activeparens\spacesplit{#3{##1}}}%
 \parindent=0in
-\advance\leftskip by \defbodyindent \advance \rightskip by \defbodyindent
+\advance\leftskip by \defbodyindent
 \exdentamount=\defbodyindent
 \begingroup\obeylines\activeparens\spacesplit{#3{#4}}}
 
+% Used for @deftypemethod and @deftypeivar.
+% #1 is the \E... control sequence to end the definition (which we define).
+% #2 is the \...x control sequence for consecutive fns (which we define).
+% #3 is the control sequence to call to resume processing.
+% #4, delimited by a space, is the class name.
+% #5 is the method's return type.
+%
+\def\deftypemethparsebody#1#2#3#4 #5 {\begingroup\inENV
+  \medbreak
+  \def#1{\endgraf\endgroup\medbreak}%
+  \def#2##1 ##2 {\begingroup\obeylines\activeparens\spacesplit{#3{##1}{##2}}}%
+  \parindent=0in
+  \advance\leftskip by \defbodyindent
+  \exdentamount=\defbodyindent
+  \begingroup\obeylines\activeparens\spacesplit{#3{#4}{#5}}}
+
+% Used for @deftypeop.  The change from \deftypemethparsebody is an
+% extra argument at the beginning which is the `category', instead of it
+% being the hardwired string `Method' or `Instance Variable'.  We have
+% to account for this both in the \...x definition and in parsing the
+% input at hand.  Thus also need a control sequence (passed as #5) for
+% the \E... definition to assign the category name to.
+% 
+\def\deftypeopparsebody#1#2#3#4#5 #6 {\begingroup\inENV
+  \medbreak
+  \def#1{\endgraf\endgroup\medbreak}%
+  \def#2##1 ##2 ##3 {%
+    \def#4{##1}%
+    \begingroup\obeylines\activeparens\spacesplit{#3{##2}{##3}}}%
+  \parindent=0in
+  \advance\leftskip by \defbodyindent
+  \exdentamount=\defbodyindent
+  \begingroup\obeylines\activeparens\spacesplit{#3{#5}{#6}}}
+
 \def\defopparsebody #1#2#3#4#5 {\begingroup\inENV %
 \medbreak %
 % Define the end token that this defining construct specifies
@@ -3769,7 +4459,7 @@
 \def#2##1 ##2 {\def#4{##1}%
 \begingroup\obeylines\activeparens\spacesplit{#3{##2}}}%
 \parindent=0in
-\advance\leftskip by \defbodyindent \advance \rightskip by \defbodyindent
+\advance\leftskip by \defbodyindent
 \exdentamount=\defbodyindent
 \begingroup\obeylines\activeparens\spacesplit{#3{#5}}}
 
@@ -3784,7 +4474,7 @@
 \def#1{\endgraf\endgroup\medbreak}%
 \def#2{\begingroup\obeylines\spacesplit#3}%
 \parindent=0in
-\advance\leftskip by \defbodyindent \advance \rightskip by \defbodyindent
+\advance\leftskip by \defbodyindent
 \exdentamount=\defbodyindent
 \begingroup %
 \catcode 61=\active %
@@ -3801,7 +4491,7 @@
   \def#1{\endgraf\endgroup\medbreak}%
   \def#2##1 {\begingroup\obeylines\spacesplit{#3{##1}}}%
   \parindent=0in
-  \advance\leftskip by \defbodyindent \advance \rightskip by \defbodyindent
+  \advance\leftskip by \defbodyindent
   \exdentamount=\defbodyindent
   \begingroup\obeylines
 }
@@ -3846,7 +4536,7 @@
 \def#2##1 ##2 {\def#4{##1}%
 \begingroup\obeylines\spacesplit{#3{##2}}}%
 \parindent=0in
-\advance\leftskip by \defbodyindent \advance \rightskip by \defbodyindent
+\advance\leftskip by \defbodyindent
 \exdentamount=\defbodyindent
 \begingroup\obeylines\spacesplit{#3{#5}}}
 
@@ -3870,16 +4560,17 @@
 % First, define the processing that is wanted for arguments of \defun
 % Use this to expand the args and terminate the paragraph they make up
 
-\def\defunargs #1{\functionparens \sl
+\def\defunargs#1{\functionparens \sl
 % Expand, preventing hyphenation at `-' chars.
 % Note that groups don't affect changes in \hyphenchar.
-\hyphenchar\tensl=0
+% Set the font temporarily and use \font in case \setfont made \tensl a macro.
+{\tensl\hyphenchar\font=0}%
 #1%
-\hyphenchar\tensl=45
-\ifnum\parencount=0 \else \errmessage{unbalanced parens in @def arguments}\fi%
+{\tensl\hyphenchar\font=45}%
+\ifnum\parencount=0 \else \errmessage{Unbalanced parentheses in @def}\fi%
 \interlinepenalty=10000
 \advance\rightskip by 0pt plus 1fil
-\endgraf\penalty 10000\vskip -\parskip\penalty 10000%
+\endgraf\nobreak\vskip -\parskip\nobreak
 }
 
 \def\deftypefunargs #1{%
@@ -3890,7 +4581,7 @@
 \tclose{#1}% avoid \code because of side effects on active chars
 \interlinepenalty=10000
 \advance\rightskip by 0pt plus 1fil
-\endgraf\penalty 10000\vskip -\parskip\penalty 10000%
+\endgraf\nobreak\vskip -\parskip\nobreak
 }
 
 % Do complete processing of one @defun or @defunx line already parsed.
@@ -3909,7 +4600,7 @@
 \def\defun{\defparsebody\Edefun\defunx\defunheader}
 
 \def\defunheader #1#2{\doind {fn}{\code{#1}}% Make entry in function index
-\begingroup\defname {#1}{Function}%
+\begingroup\defname {#1}{\putwordDeffunc}%
 \defunargs {#2}\endgroup %
 \catcode 61=\other % Turn off change made in \defparsebody
 }
@@ -3923,7 +4614,7 @@
 % #1 is the data type, #2 the name, #3 the args.
 \def\deftypefunheaderx #1#2 #3\relax{%
 \doind {fn}{\code{#2}}% Make entry in function index
-\begingroup\defname {\defheaderxcond#1\relax$$$#2}{Function}%
+\begingroup\defname {\defheaderxcond#1\relax$$$#2}{\putwordDeftypefun}%
 \deftypefunargs {#3}\endgroup %
 \catcode 61=\other % Turn off change made in \defparsebody
 }
@@ -3954,7 +4645,7 @@
 \def\defmac{\defparsebody\Edefmac\defmacx\defmacheader}
 
 \def\defmacheader #1#2{\doind {fn}{\code{#1}}% Make entry in function index
-\begingroup\defname {#1}{Macro}%
+\begingroup\defname {#1}{\putwordDefmac}%
 \defunargs {#2}\endgroup %
 \catcode 61=\other % Turn off change made in \defparsebody
 }
@@ -3964,42 +4655,77 @@
 \def\defspec{\defparsebody\Edefspec\defspecx\defspecheader}
 
 \def\defspecheader #1#2{\doind {fn}{\code{#1}}% Make entry in function index
-\begingroup\defname {#1}{Special Form}%
+\begingroup\defname {#1}{\putwordDefspec}%
 \defunargs {#2}\endgroup %
 \catcode 61=\other % Turn off change made in \defparsebody
 }
 
-% This definition is run if you use @defunx
-% anywhere other than immediately after a @defun or @defunx.
-
-\def\deffnx #1 {\errmessage{@deffnx in invalid context}}
-\def\defunx #1 {\errmessage{@defunx in invalid context}}
-\def\defmacx #1 {\errmessage{@defmacx in invalid context}}
-\def\defspecx #1 {\errmessage{@defspecx in invalid context}}
-\def\deftypefnx #1 {\errmessage{@deftypefnx in invalid context}}
-\def\deftypeunx #1 {\errmessage{@deftypeunx in invalid context}}
-
-% @defmethod, and so on
-
-% @defop {Funny Method} foo-class frobnicate argument
-
+% @defop CATEGORY CLASS OPERATION ARG...
+%
 \def\defop #1 {\def\defoptype{#1}%
 \defopparsebody\Edefop\defopx\defopheader\defoptype}
-
-\def\defopheader #1#2#3{%
-\dosubind {fn}{\code{#2}}{on #1}% Make entry in function index
-\begingroup\defname {#2}{\defoptype{} on #1}%
+%
+\def\defopheader#1#2#3{%
+\dosubind {fn}{\code{#2}}{\putwordon\ #1}% Make entry in function index
+\begingroup\defname {#2}{\defoptype\ \putwordon\ #1}%
 \defunargs {#3}\endgroup %
 }
 
+% @deftypeop CATEGORY CLASS TYPE OPERATION ARG...
+%
+\def\deftypeop #1 {\def\deftypeopcategory{#1}%
+  \deftypeopparsebody\Edeftypeop\deftypeopx\deftypeopheader
+                       \deftypeopcategory}
+%
+% #1 is the class name, #2 the data type, #3 the operation name, #4 the args.
+\def\deftypeopheader#1#2#3#4{%
+  \dosubind{fn}{\code{#3}}{\putwordon\ \code{#1}}% entry in function index
+  \begingroup
+    \defname{\defheaderxcond#2\relax$$$#3}
+            {\deftypeopcategory\ \putwordon\ \code{#1}}%
+    \deftypefunargs{#4}%
+  \endgroup
+}
+
+% @deftypemethod CLASS TYPE METHOD ARG...
+%
+\def\deftypemethod{%
+  \deftypemethparsebody\Edeftypemethod\deftypemethodx\deftypemethodheader}
+%
+% #1 is the class name, #2 the data type, #3 the method name, #4 the args.
+\def\deftypemethodheader#1#2#3#4{%
+  \dosubind{fn}{\code{#3}}{\putwordon\ \code{#1}}% entry in function index
+  \begingroup
+    \defname{\defheaderxcond#2\relax$$$#3}{\putwordMethodon\ \code{#1}}%
+    \deftypefunargs{#4}%
+  \endgroup
+}
+
+% @deftypeivar CLASS TYPE VARNAME
+%
+\def\deftypeivar{%
+  \deftypemethparsebody\Edeftypeivar\deftypeivarx\deftypeivarheader}
+%
+% #1 is the class name, #2 the data type, #3 the variable name.
+\def\deftypeivarheader#1#2#3{%
+  \dosubind{vr}{\code{#3}}{\putwordof\ \code{#1}}% entry in variable index
+  \begingroup
+    \defname{#3}{\putwordInstanceVariableof\ \code{#1}}%
+    \defvarargs{#3}%
+  \endgroup
+}
+
 % @defmethod == @defop Method
-
+%
 \def\defmethod{\defmethparsebody\Edefmethod\defmethodx\defmethodheader}
-
-\def\defmethodheader #1#2#3{%
-\dosubind {fn}{\code{#2}}{on #1}% entry in function index
-\begingroup\defname {#2}{Method on #1}%
-\defunargs {#3}\endgroup %
+%
+% #1 is the class name, #2 the method name, #3 the args.
+\def\defmethodheader#1#2#3{%
+  \dosubind{fn}{\code{#2}}{\putwordon\ \code{#1}}% entry in function index
+  \begingroup
+    \defname{#2}{\putwordMethodon\ \code{#1}}%
+    \defunargs{#3}%
+  \endgroup
 }
 
 % @defcv {Class Option} foo-class foo-flag
@@ -4008,37 +4734,30 @@
 \defopvarparsebody\Edefcv\defcvx\defcvarheader\defcvtype}
 
 \def\defcvarheader #1#2#3{%
-\dosubind {vr}{\code{#2}}{of #1}% Make entry in var index
-\begingroup\defname {#2}{\defcvtype{} of #1}%
+\dosubind {vr}{\code{#2}}{\putwordof\ #1}% Make entry in var index
+\begingroup\defname {#2}{\defcvtype\ \putwordof\ #1}%
 \defvarargs {#3}\endgroup %
 }
 
-% @defivar == @defcv {Instance Variable}
-
+% @defivar CLASS VARNAME == @defcv {Instance Variable} CLASS VARNAME
+%
 \def\defivar{\defvrparsebody\Edefivar\defivarx\defivarheader}
-
-\def\defivarheader #1#2#3{%
-\dosubind {vr}{\code{#2}}{of #1}% Make entry in var index
-\begingroup\defname {#2}{Instance Variable of #1}%
-\defvarargs {#3}\endgroup %
+%
+\def\defivarheader#1#2#3{%
+  \dosubind {vr}{\code{#2}}{\putwordof\ #1}% entry in var index
+  \begingroup
+    \defname{#2}{\putwordInstanceVariableof\ #1}%
+    \defvarargs{#3}%
+  \endgroup
 }
 
-% These definitions are run if you use @defmethodx, etc.,
-% anywhere other than immediately after a @defmethod, etc.
-
-\def\defopx #1 {\errmessage{@defopx in invalid context}}
-\def\defmethodx #1 {\errmessage{@defmethodx in invalid context}}
-\def\defcvx #1 {\errmessage{@defcvx in invalid context}}
-\def\defivarx #1 {\errmessage{@defivarx in invalid context}}
-
-% Now @defvar
-
+% @defvar
 % First, define the processing that is wanted for arguments of @defvar.
 % This is actually simple: just print them in roman.
 % This must expand the args and terminate the paragraph they make up
 \def\defvarargs #1{\normalparens #1%
 \interlinepenalty=10000
-\endgraf\penalty 10000\vskip -\parskip\penalty 10000}
+\endgraf\nobreak\vskip -\parskip\nobreak}
 
 % @defvr Counter foo-count
 
@@ -4052,7 +4771,7 @@
 \def\defvar{\defvarparsebody\Edefvar\defvarx\defvarheader}
 
 \def\defvarheader #1#2{\doind {vr}{\code{#1}}% Make entry in var index
-\begingroup\defname {#1}{Variable}%
+\begingroup\defname {#1}{\putwordDefvar}%
 \defvarargs {#2}\endgroup %
 }
 
@@ -4061,7 +4780,7 @@
 \def\defopt{\defvarparsebody\Edefopt\defoptx\defoptheader}
 
 \def\defoptheader #1#2{\doind {vr}{\code{#1}}% Make entry in var index
-\begingroup\defname {#1}{User Option}%
+\begingroup\defname {#1}{\putwordDefopt}%
 \defvarargs {#2}\endgroup %
 }
 
@@ -4073,9 +4792,9 @@
 % is actually part of the data type, which should not be put into the index.
 \def\deftypevarheader #1#2{%
 \dovarind#2 \relax% Make entry in variables index
-\begingroup\defname {\defheaderxcond#1\relax$$$#2}{Variable}%
+\begingroup\defname {\defheaderxcond#1\relax$$$#2}{\putwordDeftypevar}%
 \interlinepenalty=10000
-\endgraf\penalty 10000\vskip -\parskip\penalty 10000
+\endgraf\nobreak\vskip -\parskip\nobreak
 \endgroup}
 \def\dovarind#1 #2\relax{\doind{vr}{\code{#1}}}
 
@@ -4086,18 +4805,9 @@
 \def\deftypevrheader #1#2#3{\dovarind#3 \relax%
 \begingroup\defname {\defheaderxcond#2\relax$$$#3}{#1}
 \interlinepenalty=10000
-\endgraf\penalty 10000\vskip -\parskip\penalty 10000
+\endgraf\nobreak\vskip -\parskip\nobreak
 \endgroup}
 
-% This definition is run if you use @defvarx
-% anywhere other than immediately after a @defvar or @defvarx.
-
-\def\defvrx #1 {\errmessage{@defvrx in invalid context}}
-\def\defvarx #1 {\errmessage{@defvarx in invalid context}}
-\def\defoptx #1 {\errmessage{@defoptx in invalid context}}
-\def\deftypevarx #1 {\errmessage{@deftypevarx in invalid context}}
-\def\deftypevrx #1 {\errmessage{@deftypevrx in invalid context}}
-
 % Now define @deftp
 % Args are printed in bold, a slight difference from @defvar.
 
@@ -4110,51 +4820,394 @@
 \def\deftpheader #1#2#3{\doind {tp}{\code{#2}}%
 \begingroup\defname {#2}{#1}\deftpargs{#3}\endgroup}
 
-% This definition is run if you use @deftpx, etc
-% anywhere other than immediately after a @deftp, etc.
-
-\def\deftpx #1 {\errmessage{@deftpx in invalid context}}
-
-
-\message{cross reference,}
-% Define cross-reference macros
-\newwrite \auxfile
-
-\newif\ifhavexrefs  % True if xref values are known.
+% These definitions are used if you use @defunx (etc.)
+% anywhere other than immediately after a @defun or @defunx.
+% 
+\def\defcvx#1 {\errmessage{@defcvx in invalid context}}
+\def\deffnx#1 {\errmessage{@deffnx in invalid context}}
+\def\defivarx#1 {\errmessage{@defivarx in invalid context}}
+\def\defmacx#1 {\errmessage{@defmacx in invalid context}}
+\def\defmethodx#1 {\errmessage{@defmethodx in invalid context}}
+\def\defoptx #1 {\errmessage{@defoptx in invalid context}}
+\def\defopx#1 {\errmessage{@defopx in invalid context}}
+\def\defspecx#1 {\errmessage{@defspecx in invalid context}}
+\def\deftpx#1 {\errmessage{@deftpx in invalid context}}
+\def\deftypefnx#1 {\errmessage{@deftypefnx in invalid context}}
+\def\deftypefunx#1 {\errmessage{@deftypefunx in invalid context}}
+\def\deftypeivarx#1 {\errmessage{@deftypeivarx in invalid context}}
+\def\deftypemethodx#1 {\errmessage{@deftypemethodx in invalid context}}
+\def\deftypeopx#1 {\errmessage{@deftypeopx in invalid context}}
+\def\deftypevarx#1 {\errmessage{@deftypevarx in invalid context}}
+\def\deftypevrx#1 {\errmessage{@deftypevrx in invalid context}}
+\def\defunx#1 {\errmessage{@defunx in invalid context}}
+\def\defvarx#1 {\errmessage{@defvarx in invalid context}}
+\def\defvrx#1 {\errmessage{@defvrx in invalid context}}
+
+
+\message{macros,}
+% @macro.
+
+% To do this right we need a feature of e-TeX, \scantokens,
+% which we arrange to emulate with a temporary file in ordinary TeX.
+\ifx\eTeXversion\undefined
+ \newwrite\macscribble
+ \def\scanmacro#1{%
+   \begingroup \newlinechar`\^^M
+   % Undo catcode changes of \startcontents and \doprintindex
+   \catcode`\@=0 \catcode`\\=12 \escapechar=`\@
+   % Append \endinput to make sure that TeX does not see the ending newline.
+   \toks0={#1\endinput}%
+   \immediate\openout\macscribble=\jobname.tmp
+   \immediate\write\macscribble{\the\toks0}%
+   \immediate\closeout\macscribble
+   \let\xeatspaces\eatspaces
+   \input \jobname.tmp
+   \endgroup
+}
+\else
+\def\scanmacro#1{%
+\begingroup \newlinechar`\^^M
+% Undo catcode changes of \startcontents and \doprintindex
+\catcode`\@=0 \catcode`\\=12 \escapechar=`\@
+\let\xeatspaces\eatspaces\scantokens{#1\endinput}\endgroup}
+\fi
+
+\newcount\paramno   % Count of parameters
+\newtoks\macname    % Macro name
+\newif\ifrecursive  % Is it recursive?
+\def\macrolist{}    % List of all defined macros in the form
+                    % \do\macro1\do\macro2...
+
+% Utility routines.
+% Thisdoes \let #1 = #2, except with \csnames.
+\def\cslet#1#2{%
+\expandafter\expandafter
+\expandafter\let
+\expandafter\expandafter
+\csname#1\endcsname
+\csname#2\endcsname}
+
+% Trim leading and trailing spaces off a string.
+% Concepts from aro-bend problem 15 (see CTAN).
+{\catcode`\@=11
+\gdef\eatspaces #1{\expandafter\trim@\expandafter{#1 }}
+\gdef\trim@ #1{\trim@@ @#1 @ #1 @ @@}
+\gdef\trim@@ #1@ #2@ #3@@{\trim@@@\empty #2 @}
+\def\unbrace#1{#1}
+\unbrace{\gdef\trim@@@ #1 } #2@{#1}
+}
+
+% Trim a single trailing ^^M off a string.
+{\catcode`\^^M=12\catcode`\Q=3%
+\gdef\eatcr #1{\eatcra #1Q^^MQ}%
+\gdef\eatcra#1^^MQ{\eatcrb#1Q}%
+\gdef\eatcrb#1Q#2Q{#1}%
+}
+
+% Macro bodies are absorbed as an argument in a context where
+% all characters are catcode 10, 11 or 12, except \ which is active
+% (as in normal texinfo). It is necessary to change the definition of \.
+
+% It's necessary to have hard CRs when the macro is executed. This is
+% done by  making ^^M (\endlinechar) catcode 12 when reading the macro
+% body, and then making it the \newlinechar in \scanmacro.
+
+\def\macrobodyctxt{%
+  \catcode`\~=12
+  \catcode`\^=12
+  \catcode`\_=12
+  \catcode`\|=12
+  \catcode`\<=12
+  \catcode`\>=12
+  \catcode`\+=12
+  \catcode`\{=12
+  \catcode`\}=12
+  \catcode`\@=12
+  \catcode`\^^M=12
+  \usembodybackslash}
+
+\def\macroargctxt{%
+  \catcode`\~=12
+  \catcode`\^=12
+  \catcode`\_=12
+  \catcode`\|=12
+  \catcode`\<=12
+  \catcode`\>=12
+  \catcode`\+=12
+  \catcode`\@=12
+  \catcode`\\=12}
+
+% \mbodybackslash is the definition of \ in @macro bodies.
+% It maps \foo\ => \csname macarg.foo\endcsname => #N
+% where N is the macro parameter number.
+% We define \csname macarg.\endcsname to be \realbackslash, so
+% \\ in macro replacement text gets you a backslash.
+
+{\catcode`@=0 @catcode`@\=@active
+ @gdef@usembodybackslash{@let\=@mbodybackslash}
+ @gdef@mbodybackslash#1\{@csname macarg.#1@endcsname}
+}
+\expandafter\def\csname macarg.\endcsname{\realbackslash}
+
+\def\macro{\recursivefalse\parsearg\macroxxx}
+\def\rmacro{\recursivetrue\parsearg\macroxxx}
+
+\def\macroxxx#1{%
+  \getargs{#1}%           now \macname is the macname and \argl the arglist
+  \ifx\argl\empty       % no arguments
+     \paramno=0%
+  \else
+     \expandafter\parsemargdef \argl;%
+  \fi
+  \if1\csname ismacro.\the\macname\endcsname
+     \message{Warning: redefining \the\macname}%
+  \else
+     \expandafter\ifx\csname \the\macname\endcsname \relax
+     \else \errmessage{The name \the\macname\space is reserved}\fi
+     \global\cslet{macsave.\the\macname}{\the\macname}%
+     \global\expandafter\let\csname ismacro.\the\macname\endcsname=1%
+     % Add the macroname to \macrolist
+     \toks0 = \expandafter{\macrolist\do}%
+     \xdef\macrolist{\the\toks0
+       \expandafter\noexpand\csname\the\macname\endcsname}%
+  \fi
+  \begingroup \macrobodyctxt
+  \ifrecursive \expandafter\parsermacbody
+  \else \expandafter\parsemacbody
+  \fi}
+
+\def\unmacro{\parsearg\unmacroxxx}
+\def\unmacroxxx#1{%
+  \if1\csname ismacro.#1\endcsname
+    \global\cslet{#1}{macsave.#1}%
+    \global\expandafter\let \csname ismacro.#1\endcsname=0%
+    % Remove the macro name from \macrolist
+    \begingroup
+      \edef\tempa{\expandafter\noexpand\csname#1\endcsname}%
+      \def\do##1{%
+        \def\tempb{##1}%
+        \ifx\tempa\tempb
+          % remove this
+        \else
+          \toks0 = \expandafter{\newmacrolist\do}%
+          \edef\newmacrolist{\the\toks0\expandafter\noexpand\tempa}%
+        \fi}%
+      \def\newmacrolist{}%
+      % Execute macro list to define \newmacrolist
+      \macrolist
+      \global\let\macrolist\newmacrolist
+    \endgroup
+  \else
+    \errmessage{Macro #1 not defined}%
+  \fi
+}
+
+% This makes use of the obscure feature that if the last token of a
+% <parameter list> is #, then the preceding argument is delimited by
+% an opening brace, and that opening brace is not consumed.
+\def\getargs#1{\getargsxxx#1{}}
+\def\getargsxxx#1#{\getmacname #1 \relax\getmacargs}
+\def\getmacname #1 #2\relax{\macname={#1}}
+\def\getmacargs#1{\def\argl{#1}}
+
+% Parse the optional {params} list.  Set up \paramno and \paramlist
+% so \defmacro knows what to do.  Define \macarg.blah for each blah
+% in the params list, to be ##N where N is the position in that list.
+% That gets used by \mbodybackslash (above).
+
+% We need to get `macro parameter char #' into several definitions.
+% The technique used is stolen from LaTeX:  let \hash be something
+% unexpandable, insert that wherever you need a #, and then redefine
+% it to # just before using the token list produced.
+%
+% The same technique is used to protect \eatspaces till just before
+% the macro is used.
+
+\def\parsemargdef#1;{\paramno=0\def\paramlist{}%
+        \let\hash\relax\let\xeatspaces\relax\parsemargdefxxx#1,;,}
+\def\parsemargdefxxx#1,{%
+  \if#1;\let\next=\relax
+  \else \let\next=\parsemargdefxxx
+    \advance\paramno by 1%
+    \expandafter\edef\csname macarg.\eatspaces{#1}\endcsname
+        {\xeatspaces{\hash\the\paramno}}%
+    \edef\paramlist{\paramlist\hash\the\paramno,}%
+  \fi\next}
+
+% These two commands read recursive and nonrecursive macro bodies.
+% (They're different since rec and nonrec macros end differently.)
+
+\long\def\parsemacbody#1@end macro%
+{\xdef\temp{\eatcr{#1}}\endgroup\defmacro}%
+\long\def\parsermacbody#1@end rmacro%
+{\xdef\temp{\eatcr{#1}}\endgroup\defmacro}%
+
+% This defines the macro itself. There are six cases: recursive and
+% nonrecursive macros of zero, one, and many arguments.
+% Much magic with \expandafter here.
+% \xdef is used so that macro definitions will survive the file
+% they're defined in; @include reads the file inside a group.
+\def\defmacro{%
+  \let\hash=##% convert placeholders to macro parameter chars
+  \ifrecursive
+    \ifcase\paramno
+    % 0
+      \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname\endcsname{%
+        \noexpand\scanmacro{\temp}}%
+    \or % 1
+      \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname\endcsname{%
+         \bgroup\noexpand\macroargctxt
+         \noexpand\braceorline
+         \expandafter\noexpand\csname\the\macname xxx\endcsname}%
+      \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname xxx\endcsname##1{%
+         \egroup\noexpand\scanmacro{\temp}}%
+    \else % many
+      \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname\endcsname{%
+         \bgroup\noexpand\macroargctxt
+         \noexpand\csname\the\macname xx\endcsname}%
+      \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname xx\endcsname##1{%
+          \expandafter\noexpand\csname\the\macname xxx\endcsname ##1,}%
+      \expandafter\expandafter
+      \expandafter\xdef
+      \expandafter\expandafter
+        \csname\the\macname xxx\endcsname
+          \paramlist{\egroup\noexpand\scanmacro{\temp}}%
+    \fi
+  \else
+    \ifcase\paramno
+    % 0
+      \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname\endcsname{%
+        \noexpand\norecurse{\the\macname}%
+        \noexpand\scanmacro{\temp}\egroup}%
+    \or % 1
+      \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname\endcsname{%
+         \bgroup\noexpand\macroargctxt
+         \noexpand\braceorline
+         \expandafter\noexpand\csname\the\macname xxx\endcsname}%
+      \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname xxx\endcsname##1{%
+        \egroup
+        \noexpand\norecurse{\the\macname}%
+        \noexpand\scanmacro{\temp}\egroup}%
+    \else % many
+      \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname\endcsname{%
+         \bgroup\noexpand\macroargctxt
+         \expandafter\noexpand\csname\the\macname xx\endcsname}%
+      \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname xx\endcsname##1{%
+          \expandafter\noexpand\csname\the\macname xxx\endcsname ##1,}%
+      \expandafter\expandafter
+      \expandafter\xdef
+      \expandafter\expandafter
+      \csname\the\macname xxx\endcsname
+      \paramlist{%
+          \egroup
+          \noexpand\norecurse{\the\macname}%
+          \noexpand\scanmacro{\temp}\egroup}%
+    \fi
+  \fi}
+
+\def\norecurse#1{\bgroup\cslet{#1}{macsave.#1}}
+
+% \braceorline decides whether the next nonwhitespace character is a
+% {.  If so it reads up to the closing }, if not, it reads the whole
+% line.  Whatever was read is then fed to the next control sequence
+% as an argument (by \parsebrace or \parsearg)
+\def\braceorline#1{\let\next=#1\futurelet\nchar\braceorlinexxx}
+\def\braceorlinexxx{%
+  \ifx\nchar\bgroup\else
+    \expandafter\parsearg
+  \fi \next}
+
+% We mant to disable all macros during \shipout so that they are not
+% expanded by \write.
+\def\turnoffmacros{\begingroup \def\do##1{\let\noexpand##1=\relax}%
+  \edef\next{\macrolist}\expandafter\endgroup\next}
+
+
+% @alias.
+% We need some trickery to remove the optional spaces around the equal
+% sign.  Just make them active and then expand them all to nothing.
+\def\alias{\begingroup\obeyspaces\parsearg\aliasxxx}
+\def\aliasxxx #1{\aliasyyy#1\relax}
+\def\aliasyyy #1=#2\relax{\ignoreactivespaces
+\edef\next{\global\let\expandafter\noexpand\csname#1\endcsname=%
+           \expandafter\noexpand\csname#2\endcsname}%
+\expandafter\endgroup\next}
+
+
+\message{cross references,}
+% @xref etc.
+
+\newwrite\auxfile
+
+\newif\ifhavexrefs    % True if xref values are known.
 \newif\ifwarnedxrefs  % True if we warned once that they aren't known.
 
-% @inforef is simple.
+% @inforef is relatively simple.
 \def\inforef #1{\inforefzzz #1,,,,**}
 \def\inforefzzz #1,#2,#3,#4**{\putwordSee{} \putwordInfo{} \putwordfile{} \file{\ignorespaces #3{}},
   node \samp{\ignorespaces#1{}}}
 
-% \setref{foo} defines a cross-reference point named foo.
-
-\def\setref#1{%
-\dosetq{#1-title}{Ytitle}%
-\dosetq{#1-pg}{Ypagenumber}%
-\dosetq{#1-snt}{Ysectionnumberandtype}}
-
-\def\unnumbsetref#1{%
-\dosetq{#1-title}{Ytitle}%
-\dosetq{#1-pg}{Ypagenumber}%
-\dosetq{#1-snt}{Ynothing}}
-
-\def\appendixsetref#1{%
-\dosetq{#1-title}{Ytitle}%
-\dosetq{#1-pg}{Ypagenumber}%
-\dosetq{#1-snt}{Yappendixletterandtype}}
-
-% \xref, \pxref, and \ref generate cross-references to specified points.
-% For \xrefX, #1 is the node name, #2 the name of the Info
-% cross-reference, #3 the printed node name, #4 the name of the Info
-% file, #5 the name of the printed manual.  All but the node name can be
-% omitted.
+% @node's job is to define \lastnode.
+\def\node{\ENVcheck\parsearg\nodezzz}
+\def\nodezzz#1{\nodexxx [#1,]}
+\def\nodexxx[#1,#2]{\gdef\lastnode{#1}}
+\let\nwnode=\node
+\let\lastnode=\relax
+
+% The sectioning commands (@chapter, etc.) call these.
+\def\donoderef{%
+  \ifx\lastnode\relax\else
+    \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\setref{\lastnode}%
+      {Ysectionnumberandtype}%
+    \global\let\lastnode=\relax
+  \fi
+}
+\def\unnumbnoderef{%
+  \ifx\lastnode\relax\else
+    \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\setref{\lastnode}{Ynothing}%
+    \global\let\lastnode=\relax
+  \fi
+}
+\def\appendixnoderef{%
+  \ifx\lastnode\relax\else
+    \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\setref{\lastnode}%
+      {Yappendixletterandtype}%
+    \global\let\lastnode=\relax
+  \fi
+}
+
+
+% @anchor{NAME} -- define xref target at arbitrary point.
+%
+\newcount\savesfregister
+\gdef\savesf{\relax \ifhmode \savesfregister=\spacefactor \fi}
+\gdef\restoresf{\relax \ifhmode \spacefactor=\savesfregister \fi}
+\gdef\anchor#1{\savesf \setref{#1}{Ynothing}\restoresf \ignorespaces}
+
+% \setref{NAME}{SNT} defines a cross-reference point NAME, namely
+% NAME-title, NAME-pg, and NAME-SNT.  Called from \foonoderef.  We have
+% to set \indexdummies so commands such as @code in a section title
+% aren't expanded.  It would be nicer not to expand the titles in the
+% first place, but there's so many layers that that is hard to do.
+%
+\def\setref#1#2{{%
+  \indexdummies
+  \pdfmkdest{#1}%
+  \dosetq{#1-title}{Ytitle}%
+  \dosetq{#1-pg}{Ypagenumber}%
+  \dosetq{#1-snt}{#2}%
+}}
+
+% @xref, @pxref, and @ref generate cross-references.  For \xrefX, #1 is
+% the node name, #2 the name of the Info cross-reference, #3 the printed
+% node name, #4 the name of the Info file, #5 the name of the printed
+% manual.  All but the node name can be omitted.
 %
 \def\pxref#1{\putwordsee{} \xrefX[#1,,,,,,,]}
 \def\xref#1{\putwordSee{} \xrefX[#1,,,,,,,]}
 \def\ref#1{\xrefX[#1,,,,,,,]}
 \def\xrefX[#1,#2,#3,#4,#5,#6]{\begingroup
+  \unsepspaces
   \def\printedmanual{\ignorespaces #5}%
   \def\printednodename{\ignorespaces #3}%
   \setbox1=\hbox{\printedmanual}%
@@ -4167,7 +5220,7 @@
     \else
       % Use the actual chapter/section title appear inside
       % the square brackets.  Use the real section title if we have it.
-      \ifdim \wd1>0pt%
+      \ifdim \wd1 > 0pt
         % It is in another manual, so we don't have it.
         \def\printednodename{\ignorespaces #1}%
       \else
@@ -4188,27 +5241,54 @@
   % are best written with fairly long node names, containing hyphens, this
   % is a loss.  Therefore, we give the text of the node name again, so it
   % is as if TeX is seeing it for the first time.
+  \ifpdf
+    \leavevmode
+    \getfilename{#4}%
+    \ifnum\filenamelength>0
+      \startlink attr{/Border [0 0 0]}%
+        goto file{\the\filename.pdf} name{#1@}%
+    \else
+      \startlink attr{/Border [0 0 0]}%
+        goto name{#1@}%
+    \fi
+    \linkcolor
+  \fi
+  %
   \ifdim \wd1 > 0pt
-    \putwordsection{} ``\printednodename'' in \cite{\printedmanual}%
+    \putwordsection{} ``\printednodename'' \putwordin{} \cite{\printedmanual}%
   \else
     % _ (for example) has to be the character _ for the purposes of the
     % control sequence corresponding to the node, but it has to expand
     % into the usual \leavevmode...\vrule stuff for purposes of
     % printing. So we \turnoffactive for the \refx-snt, back on for the
     % printing, back off for the \refx-pg.
-    {\turnoffactive \refx{#1-snt}{}}%
-    \space [\printednodename],\space
+    {\normalturnoffactive
+     % Only output a following space if the -snt ref is nonempty; for
+     % @unnumbered and @anchor, it won't be.
+     \setbox2 = \hbox{\ignorespaces \refx{#1-snt}{}}%
+     \ifdim \wd2 > 0pt \refx{#1-snt}\space\fi
+    }%
+    % [mynode],
+    [\printednodename],\space
+    % page 3
     \turnoffactive \putwordpage\tie\refx{#1-pg}{}%
   \fi
+  \endlink
 \endgroup}
 
 % \dosetq is the interface for calls from other macros
 
-% Use \turnoffactive so that punctuation chars such as underscore
-% work in node names.
-\def\dosetq #1#2{{\let\folio=0 \turnoffactive
-\edef\next{\write\auxfile{\internalsetq {#1}{#2}}}%
-\next}}
+% Use \normalturnoffactive so that punctuation chars such as underscore
+% and backslash work in node names.  (\turnoffactive doesn't do \.)
+\def\dosetq#1#2{%
+  {\let\folio=0%
+   \normalturnoffactive
+   \edef\next{\write\auxfile{\internalsetq{#1}{#2}}}%
+   \iflinks
+     \next
+   \fi
+  }%
+}
 
 % \internalsetq {foo}{page} expands into
 % CHARACTERS 'xrdef {foo}{...expansion of \Ypage...}
@@ -4259,13 +5339,15 @@
 \def\refx#1#2{%
   \expandafter\ifx\csname X#1\endcsname\relax
     % If not defined, say something at least.
-    $\langle$un\-de\-fined$\rangle$%
-    \ifhavexrefs
-      \message{\linenumber Undefined cross reference `#1'.}%
-    \else
-      \ifwarnedxrefs\else
-        \global\warnedxrefstrue
-        \message{Cross reference values unknown; you must run TeX again.}%
+    \angleleft un\-de\-fined\angleright
+    \iflinks
+      \ifhavexrefs
+        \message{\linenumber Undefined cross reference `#1'.}%
+      \else
+        \ifwarnedxrefs\else
+          \global\warnedxrefstrue
+          \message{Cross reference values unknown; you must run TeX again.}%
+        \fi
       \fi
     \fi
   \else
@@ -4276,37 +5358,38 @@
 }
 
 % This is the macro invoked by entries in the aux file.
-\def\xrdef #1#2{{%
-  \catcode`\'=\other
-  \expandafter\gdef\csname X#1\endcsname{#2}%
-}}
+%
+\def\xrdef#1{\begingroup
+  % Reenable \ as an escape while reading the second argument.
+  \catcode`\\ = 0
+  \afterassignment\endgroup
+  \expandafter\gdef\csname X#1\endcsname
+}
 
 % Read the last existing aux file, if any.  No error if none exists.
 \def\readauxfile{\begingroup
   \catcode`\^^@=\other
-  \catcode`\
=\other
-  \catcode`\=\other
+  \catcode`\^^A=\other
+  \catcode`\^^B=\other
   \catcode`\^^C=\other
   \catcode`\^^D=\other
   \catcode`\^^E=\other
   \catcode`\^^F=\other
   \catcode`\^^G=\other
   \catcode`\^^H=\other
-  \catcode`\=\other
+  \catcode`\^^K=\other
   \catcode`\^^L=\other
-  \catcode`\=\other
-  \catcode`\=\other
-  \catcode`\=\other
-  \catcode`\=\other
-  \catcode`\=\other
-  \catcode`\=\other
-  \catcode`\=\other
-  \catcode`\=\other
-  \catcode`\=\other
-  \catcode`\=\other
-  \catcode`\=\other
-  \catcode`\=\other
-  \catcode26=\other
+  \catcode`\^^N=\other
+  \catcode`\^^P=\other
+  \catcode`\^^Q=\other
+  \catcode`\^^R=\other
+  \catcode`\^^S=\other
+  \catcode`\^^T=\other
+  \catcode`\^^U=\other
+  \catcode`\^^V=\other
+  \catcode`\^^W=\other
+  \catcode`\^^X=\other
+  \catcode`\^^Z=\other
   \catcode`\^^[=\other
   \catcode`\^^\=\other
   \catcode`\^^]=\other
@@ -4338,8 +5421,7 @@
   \catcode`\$=\other
   \catcode`\#=\other
   \catcode`\&=\other
-  % `\+ does not work, so use 43.
-  \catcode43=\other
+  \catcode`+=\other % avoid \+ for paranoia even though we've turned it off
   % Make the characters 128-255 be printing characters
   {%
     \count 1=128
@@ -4384,7 +5466,7 @@
 % space to prevent strange expansion errors.)
 \def\supereject{\par\penalty -20000\footnoteno =0 }
 
-% @footnotestyle is meaningful for info output only..
+% @footnotestyle is meaningful for info output only.
 \let\footnotestyle=\comment
 
 \let\ptexfootnote=\footnote
@@ -4428,6 +5510,8 @@
   \xspaceskip\z@skip
   \parindent\defaultparindent
   %
+  \smallfonts \rm
+  %
   % Hang the footnote text off the number.
   \hang
   \textindent{\thisfootno}%
@@ -4442,7 +5526,7 @@
   \else\let\next\f@t\fi \next}
 \def\f@@t{\bgroup\aftergroup\@foot\let\next}
 \def\f@t#1{#1\@foot}
-\def\@foot{\strut\egroup}
+\def\@foot{\strut\par\egroup}
 
 }%end \catcode `\@=11
 
@@ -4499,36 +5583,117 @@
 %
 \def\finalout{\overfullrule=0pt}
 
-
-% End of control word definitions.
-
-\message{and turning on texinfo input format.}
-
-\def\openindices{%
-   \newindex{cp}%
-   \newcodeindex{fn}%
-   \newcodeindex{vr}%
-   \newcodeindex{tp}%
-   \newcodeindex{ky}%
-   \newcodeindex{pg}%
+% @image.  We use the macros from epsf.tex to support this.
+% If epsf.tex is not installed and @image is used, we complain.
+%
+% Check for and read epsf.tex up front.  If we read it only at @image
+% time, we might be inside a group, and then its definitions would get
+% undone and the next image would fail.
+\openin 1 = epsf.tex
+\ifeof 1 \else
+  \closein 1
+  % Do not bother showing banner with post-v2.7 epsf.tex (available in
+  % doc/epsf.tex until it shows up on ctan).
+  \def\epsfannounce{\toks0 = }%
+  \input epsf.tex
+\fi
+%
+% We will only complain once about lack of epsf.tex.
+\newif\ifwarnednoepsf
+\newhelp\noepsfhelp{epsf.tex must be installed for images to
+  work.  It is also included in the Texinfo distribution, or you can get
+  it from ftp://tug.org/tex/epsf.tex.}
+%
+\def\image#1{%
+  \ifx\epsfbox\undefined
+    \ifwarnednoepsf \else
+      \errhelp = \noepsfhelp
+      \errmessage{epsf.tex not found, images will be ignored}%
+      \global\warnednoepsftrue
+    \fi
+  \else
+    \imagexxx #1,,,\finish
+  \fi
 }
-
-% Set some numeric style parameters, for 8.5 x 11 format.
-
-\hsize = 6in
-\hoffset = .25in
+%
+% Arguments to @image:
+% #1 is (mandatory) image filename; we tack on .eps extension.
+% #2 is (optional) width, #3 is (optional) height.
+% #4 is just the usual extra ignored arg for parsing this stuff.
+\def\imagexxx#1,#2,#3,#4\finish{%
+  \ifpdf
+    \centerline{\dopdfimage{#1}{#2}{#3}}%
+  \else
+    % \epsfbox itself resets \epsf?size at each figure.
+    \setbox0 = \hbox{\ignorespaces #2}\ifdim\wd0 > 0pt \epsfxsize=#2\relax \fi
+    \setbox0 = \hbox{\ignorespaces #3}\ifdim\wd0 > 0pt \epsfysize=#3\relax \fi
+    \begingroup
+      \catcode`\^^M = 5 % in case we're inside an example
+      % If the image is by itself, center it.
+      \ifvmode
+        \nobreak\bigskip
+        % Usually we'll have text after the image which will insert
+        % \parskip glue, so insert it here too to equalize the space
+        % above and below. 
+        \nobreak\vskip\parskip
+        \nobreak
+        \centerline{\epsfbox{#1.eps}}%
+        \bigbreak
+      \else
+        % In the middle of a paragraph, no extra space.
+        \epsfbox{#1.eps}%
+      \fi
+    \endgroup
+  \fi
+}
+
+
+\message{localization,}
+% and i18n.
+
+% @documentlanguage is usually given very early, just after
+% @setfilename.  If done too late, it may not override everything
+% properly.  Single argument is the language abbreviation.
+% It would be nice if we could set up a hyphenation file here.
+%
+\def\documentlanguage{\parsearg\dodocumentlanguage}
+\def\dodocumentlanguage#1{%
+  \tex % read txi-??.tex file in plain TeX.
+  % Read the file if it exists.
+  \openin 1 txi-#1.tex
+  \ifeof1
+    \errhelp = \nolanghelp
+    \errmessage{Cannot read language file txi-#1.tex}%
+    \let\temp = \relax
+  \else
+    \def\temp{\input txi-#1.tex }%
+  \fi
+  \temp
+  \endgroup
+}
+\newhelp\nolanghelp{The given language definition file cannot be found or
+is empty.  Maybe you need to install it?  In the current directory
+should work if nowhere else does.}
+
+
+% @documentencoding should change something in TeX eventually, most
+% likely, but for now just recognize it.
+\let\documentencoding = \comment
+
+
+% Page size parameters.
+%
 \newdimen\defaultparindent \defaultparindent = 15pt
-\parindent = \defaultparindent
-\parskip 3pt plus 2pt minus 1pt
-\setleading{13.2pt}
-\advance\topskip by 1.2cm
 
 \chapheadingskip = 15pt plus 4pt minus 2pt
 \secheadingskip = 12pt plus 3pt minus 2pt
 \subsecheadingskip = 9pt plus 2pt minus 2pt
 
 % Prevent underfull vbox error messages.
-\vbadness=10000
+\vbadness = 10000
+
+% Don't be so finicky about underfull hboxes, either.
+\hbadness = 2000
 
 % Following George Bush, just get rid of widows and orphans.
 \widowpenalty=10000
@@ -4537,101 +5702,125 @@
 % Use TeX 3.0's \emergencystretch to help line breaking, but if we're
 % using an old version of TeX, don't do anything.  We want the amount of
 % stretch added to depend on the line length, hence the dependence on
-% \hsize.  This makes it come to about 9pt for the 8.5x11 format.
+% \hsize.  We call this whenever the paper size is set.
+%
+\def\setemergencystretch{%
+  \ifx\emergencystretch\thisisundefined
+    % Allow us to assign to \emergencystretch anyway.
+    \def\emergencystretch{\dimen0}%
+  \else
+    \emergencystretch = .15\hsize
+  \fi
+}
+
+% Parameters in order: 1) textheight; 2) textwidth; 3) voffset;
+% 4) hoffset; 5) binding offset; 6) topskip.  Then whoever calls us can
+% set \parskip and call \setleading for \baselineskip.
 %
-\ifx\emergencystretch\thisisundefined
-  % Allow us to assign to \emergencystretch anyway.
-  \def\emergencystretch{\dimen0}%
-\else
-  \emergencystretch = \hsize
-  \divide\emergencystretch by 45
-\fi
-
-% Use @smallbook to reset parameters for 7x9.5 format  (or else 7x9.25)
-\def\smallbook{
-  \global\chapheadingskip = 15pt plus 4pt minus 2pt
-  \global\secheadingskip = 12pt plus 3pt minus 2pt
-  \global\subsecheadingskip = 9pt plus 2pt minus 2pt
+\def\internalpagesizes#1#2#3#4#5#6{%
+  \voffset = #3\relax
+  \topskip = #6\relax
+  \splittopskip = \topskip
+  %
+  \vsize = #1\relax
+  \advance\vsize by \topskip
+  \outervsize = \vsize
+  \advance\outervsize by 2\topandbottommargin
+  \pageheight = \vsize
+  %
+  \hsize = #2\relax
+  \outerhsize = \hsize
+  \advance\outerhsize by 0.5in
+  \pagewidth = \hsize
   %
-  \global\lispnarrowing = 0.3in
-  \setleading{12pt}
-  \advance\topskip by -1cm
-  \global\parskip 2pt plus 1pt
-  \global\hsize = 5in
-  \global\vsize=7.5in
-  \global\tolerance=700
-  \global\hfuzz=1pt
-  \global\contentsrightmargin=0pt
-  \global\deftypemargin=0pt
-  \global\defbodyindent=.5cm
+  \normaloffset = #4\relax
+  \bindingoffset = #5\relax
+  %
+  \parindent = \defaultparindent
+  \setemergencystretch
+}
+
+% @letterpaper (the default).
+\def\letterpaper{{\globaldefs = 1
+  \parskip = 3pt plus 2pt minus 1pt
+  \setleading{13.2pt}%
   %
-  \global\pagewidth=\hsize
-  \global\pageheight=\vsize
+  % If page is nothing but text, make it come out even.
+  \internalpagesizes{46\baselineskip}{6in}{\voffset}{.25in}{\bindingoffset}{36pt}%
+}}
+
+% Use @smallbook to reset parameters for 7x9.5 (or so) format.
+\def\smallbook{{\globaldefs = 1
+  \parskip = 2pt plus 1pt
+  \setleading{12pt}%
+  %
+  \internalpagesizes{7.5in}{5.in}{\voffset}{.25in}{\bindingoffset}{16pt}%
   %
-  \global\let\smalllisp=\smalllispx
-  \global\let\smallexample=\smalllispx
-  \global\def\Esmallexample{\Esmalllisp}
-}
+  \lispnarrowing = 0.3in
+  \tolerance = 700
+  \hfuzz = 1pt
+  \contentsrightmargin = 0pt
+  \deftypemargin = 0pt
+  \defbodyindent = .5cm
+  %
+  \let\smalldisplay = \smalldisplayx
+  \let\smallexample = \smalllispx
+  \let\smallformat = \smallformatx
+  \let\smalllisp = \smalllispx
+}}
 
 % Use @afourpaper to print on European A4 paper.
-\def\afourpaper{
-\global\tolerance=700
-\global\hfuzz=1pt
-\setleading{12pt}
-\global\parskip 15pt plus 1pt
-
-\global\vsize= 53\baselineskip
-\advance\vsize by \topskip
-%\global\hsize=   5.85in     % A4 wide 10pt
-\global\hsize=  6.5in
-\global\outerhsize=\hsize
-\global\advance\outerhsize by 0.5in
-\global\outervsize=\vsize
-\global\advance\outervsize by 0.6in
-
-\global\pagewidth=\hsize
-\global\pageheight=\vsize
-}
-
-\bindingoffset=0pt
-\normaloffset=\hoffset
-\pagewidth=\hsize
-\pageheight=\vsize
-
-% Allow control of the text dimensions.  Parameters in order: textheight;
-% textwidth; voffset; hoffset; binding offset; topskip.
-% All require a dimension;
-% header is additional; added length extends the bottom of the page.
-
-\def\changepagesizes#1#2#3#4#5#6{
- \global\vsize= #1
- \global\topskip= #6
- \advance\vsize by \topskip
- \global\voffset= #3
- \global\hsize= #2
- \global\outerhsize=\hsize
- \global\advance\outerhsize by 0.5in
- \global\outervsize=\vsize
- \global\advance\outervsize by 0.6in
- \global\pagewidth=\hsize
- \global\pageheight=\vsize
- \global\normaloffset= #4
- \global\bindingoffset= #5}
+\def\afourpaper{{\globaldefs = 1
+  \setleading{12pt}%
+  \parskip = 3pt plus 2pt minus 1pt
+  %
+  \internalpagesizes{53\baselineskip}{160mm}{\voffset}{4mm}{\bindingoffset}{44pt}%
+  %
+  \tolerance = 700
+  \hfuzz = 1pt
+}}
 
 % A specific text layout, 24x15cm overall, intended for A4 paper.  Top margin
 % 29mm, hence bottom margin 28mm, nominal side margin 3cm.
-\def\afourlatex
-        {\global\tolerance=700
-        \global\hfuzz=1pt
-        \setleading{12pt}
-        \global\parskip 15pt plus 1pt
-        \advance\baselineskip by 1.6pt
-        \changepagesizes{237mm}{150mm}{3.6mm}{3.6mm}{3mm}{7mm}
-        }
+\def\afourlatex{{\globaldefs = 1
+  \setleading{13.6pt}%
+  %
+  \afourpaper
+  \internalpagesizes{237mm}{150mm}{3.6mm}{3.6mm}{3mm}{7mm}%
+  %
+  \globaldefs = 0
+}}
 
 % Use @afourwide to print on European A4 paper in wide format.
-\def\afourwide{\afourpaper
-\changepagesizes{9.5in}{6.5in}{\hoffset}{\normaloffset}{\bindingoffset}{7mm}}
+\def\afourwide{%
+  \afourpaper
+  \internalpagesizes{9.5in}{6.5in}{\hoffset}{\normaloffset}{\bindingoffset}{7mm}%
+  %
+  \globaldefs = 0
+}
+
+% @pagesizes TEXTHEIGHT[,TEXTWIDTH]
+% Perhaps we should allow setting the margins, \topskip, \parskip,
+% and/or leading, also. Or perhaps we should compute them somehow.
+%
+\def\pagesizes{\parsearg\pagesizesxxx}
+\def\pagesizesxxx#1{\pagesizesyyy #1,,\finish}
+\def\pagesizesyyy#1,#2,#3\finish{{%
+  \setbox0 = \hbox{\ignorespaces #2}\ifdim\wd0 > 0pt \hsize=#2\relax \fi
+  \globaldefs = 1
+  %
+  \parskip = 3pt plus 2pt minus 1pt
+  \setleading{13.2pt}%
+  %
+  \internalpagesizes{#1}{\hsize}{\voffset}{\normaloffset}{\bindingoffset}{44pt}%
+}}
+
+% Set default to letter.
+%
+\letterpaper
+
+
+\message{and turning on texinfo input format.}
 
 % Define macros to output various characters with catcode for normal text.
 \catcode`\"=\other
@@ -4642,6 +5831,7 @@
 \catcode`\<=\other
 \catcode`\>=\other
 \catcode`\+=\other
+\catcode`\$=\other
 \def\normaldoublequote{"}
 \def\normaltilde{~}
 \def\normalcaret{^}
@@ -4650,6 +5840,7 @@
 \def\normalless{<}
 \def\normalgreater{>}
 \def\normalplus{+}
+\def\normaldollar{$}
 
 % This macro is used to make a character print one way in ttfont
 % where it can probably just be output, and another way in other fonts,
@@ -4660,7 +5851,13 @@
 % interword stretch (and shrink), and it is reasonable to expect all
 % typewriter fonts to have this, we can check that font parameter.
 %
-\def\ifusingtt#1#2{\ifdim \fontdimen3\the\font=0pt #1\else #2\fi}
+\def\ifusingtt#1#2{\ifdim \fontdimen3\font=0pt #1\else #2\fi}
+
+% Same as above, but check for italic font.  Actually this also catches
+% non-italic slanted fonts since it is impossible to distinguish them from
+% italic fonts.  But since this is only used by $ and it uses \sl anyway
+% this is not a problem.
+\def\ifusingit#1#2{\ifdim \fontdimen1\font>0pt #1\else #2\fi}
 
 % Turn off all special characters except @
 % (and those which the user can use as if they were ordinary).
@@ -4668,10 +5865,10 @@
 % use math or other variants that look better in normal text.
 
 \catcode`\"=\active
-\def\activedoublequote{{\tt \char '042}}
+\def\activedoublequote{{\tt\char34}}
 \let"=\activedoublequote
 \catcode`\~=\active
-\def~{{\tt \char '176}}
+\def~{{\tt\char126}}
 \chardef\hat=`\^
 \catcode`\^=\active
 \def^{{\tt \hat}}
@@ -4682,7 +5879,7 @@
 \def\_{\leavevmode \kern.06em \vbox{\hrule width.3em height.1ex}}
 
 \catcode`\|=\active
-\def|{{\tt \char '174}}
+\def|{{\tt\char124}}
 \chardef \less=`\<
 \catcode`\<=\active
 \def<{{\tt \less}}
@@ -4691,6 +5888,8 @@
 \def>{{\tt \gtr}}
 \catcode`\+=\active
 \def+{{\tt \char 43}}
+\catcode`\$=\active
+\def${\ifusingit{{\sl\$}}\normaldollar}
 %\catcode 27=\active
 %\def^^[{$\diamondsuit$}
 
@@ -4721,9 +5920,6 @@
 % \normalbackslash outputs one backslash in fixed width font.
 \def\normalbackslash{{\tt\rawbackslashxx}}
 
-% Say @foo, not \foo, in error messages.
-\escapechar=`\@
-
 % \catcode 17=0   % Define control-q
 \catcode`\\=\active
 
@@ -4737,7 +5933,8 @@
 @let|=@normalverticalbar
 @let<=@normalless
 @let>=@normalgreater
-@let+=@normalplus}
+@let+=@normalplus
+@let$=@normaldollar}
 
 @def@normalturnoffactive{@let"=@normaldoublequote
 @let\=@normalbackslash
@@ -4747,7 +5944,8 @@
 @let|=@normalverticalbar
 @let<=@normalless
 @let>=@normalgreater
-@let+=@normalplus}
+@let+=@normalplus
+@let$=@normaldollar}
 
 % Make _ and + \other characters, temporarily.
 % This is canceled by @fixbackslash.
@@ -4766,16 +5964,29 @@
 % Also back turn on active characters that might appear in the input
 % file name, in case not using a pre-dumped format.
 %
-@gdef@fixbackslash{@ifx\@eatinput @let\ = @normalbackslash @fi
-  @catcode`+=@active @catcode`@_=@active}
-
-%% These look ok in all fonts, so just make them not special.  The @rm below
-%% makes sure that the current font starts out as the newly loaded cmr10
-@catcode`@$=@other @catcode`@%=@other @catcode`@&=@other @catcode`@#=@other
-
+@gdef@fixbackslash{%
+  @ifx\@eatinput @let\ = @normalbackslash @fi
+  @catcode`+=@active
+  @catcode`@_=@active
+}
+
+% Say @foo, not \foo, in error messages.
+@escapechar = `@@
+
+% These look ok in all fonts, so just make them not special.  
+@catcode`@& = @other
+@catcode`@# = @other
+@catcode`@% = @other
+
+@c Set initial fonts.
 @textfonts
 @rm
 
+
 @c Local variables:
+@c eval: (add-hook 'write-file-hooks 'time-stamp)
 @c page-delimiter: "^\\\\message"
+@c time-stamp-start: "def\\\\texinfoversion{"
+@c time-stamp-format: "%:y-%02m-%02d.%02H"
+@c time-stamp-end: "}"
 @c End: