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annotate doc/interpreter/testfun.txi @ 19593:446c46af4b42 stable

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strip trailing whitespace from most source files * Makefile.am, NEWS, build-aux/common.mk, configure.ac, doc/Makefile.am, doc/doxyhtml/Makefile.am, doc/interpreter/Makefile.am, doc/interpreter/arith.txi, doc/interpreter/audio.txi, doc/interpreter/basics.txi, doc/interpreter/bugs.txi, doc/interpreter/container.txi, doc/interpreter/cp-idx.txi, doc/interpreter/data.txi, doc/interpreter/debug.txi, doc/interpreter/diagperm.txi, doc/interpreter/diffeq.txi, doc/interpreter/doccheck/README, doc/interpreter/doccheck/spellcheck, doc/interpreter/emacs.txi, doc/interpreter/errors.txi, doc/interpreter/eval.txi, doc/interpreter/expr.txi, doc/interpreter/external.txi, doc/interpreter/fn-idx.txi, doc/interpreter/func.txi, doc/interpreter/geometry.txi, doc/interpreter/geometryimages.m, doc/interpreter/gpl.txi, doc/interpreter/grammar.txi, doc/interpreter/gui.txi, doc/interpreter/image.txi, doc/interpreter/install.txi, doc/interpreter/interp.txi, doc/interpreter/interpimages.m, 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scripts/statistics/distributions/unifrnd.m, scripts/statistics/distributions/wblrnd.m, scripts/statistics/models/module.mk, scripts/statistics/tests/kruskal_wallis_test.m, scripts/strings/base2dec.m, scripts/strings/deblank.m, scripts/strings/dec2base.m, scripts/strings/dec2bin.m, scripts/strings/dec2hex.m, scripts/strings/mat2str.m, scripts/strings/ostrsplit.m, scripts/strings/regexptranslate.m, scripts/strings/str2num.m, scripts/strings/strcat.m, scripts/strings/strjoin.m, scripts/strings/strsplit.m, scripts/strings/strtok.m, scripts/strings/strtrim.m, scripts/strings/strtrunc.m, scripts/strings/substr.m, scripts/testfun/__run_test_suite__.m, scripts/testfun/speed.m, scripts/testfun/test.m, scripts/time/asctime.m, scripts/time/datenum.m, scripts/time/datevec.m, scripts/time/weekday.m, src/Makefile.am, test/Makefile.am, test/build-bc-overload-tests.sh, test/build-sparse-tests.sh, test/jit.tst, test/line-continue.tst: Strip trailing whitespace.
author John W. Eaton <jwe@octave.org>
date Tue, 20 Jan 2015 08:26:57 -0500
parents f51c1498b9f3
children 0e1f5a750d00
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d63878346099 maint: Update copyright notices for release.
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1 @c Copyright (C) 2005-2013 David Bateman
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2 @c Copyright (C) 2002-2005 Paul Kienzle
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3 @c
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4 @c This file is part of Octave.
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5 @c
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6 @c Octave is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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7 @c under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
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8 @c Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at
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9 @c your option) any later version.
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10 @c
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11 @c Octave is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
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12 @c ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
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13 @c FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
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14 @c for more details.
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15 @c
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16 @c You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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17 @c along with Octave; see the file COPYING. If not, see
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18 @c <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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19
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20 @node Test and Demo Functions
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21 @appendix Test and Demo Functions
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22 @cindex test functions
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23
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24 Octave includes a number of functions to allow the integration of testing
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25 and demonstration code in the source code of the functions themselves.
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26
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27 @menu
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28 * Test Functions::
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29 * Demonstration Functions::
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30 @end menu
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31
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32 @node Test Functions
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33 @section Test Functions
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34
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35 @DOCSTRING(test)
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36
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37 @code{test} scans the named script file looking for lines which start
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38 with the identifier @samp{%!}. The prefix is stripped off and the rest
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39 of the line is processed through the Octave interpreter. If the code
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40 generates an error, then the test is said to fail.
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41
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42 Since @code{eval()} will stop at the first error it encounters, you must
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43 divide your tests up into blocks, with anything in a separate
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44 block evaluated separately. Blocks are introduced by valid keywords like
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45 @code{test}, @code{function}, or @code{assert} immediately following @samp{%!}.
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46 A block is defined by indentation as in Python. Lines beginning with
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47 @samp{%!<whitespace>} are part of the preceeding block.
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48
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49 For example:
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50
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51 @example
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52 @group
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53 %!test error ("this test fails!");
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54 %!test "test doesn't fail. it doesn't generate an error";
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55 @end group
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56 @end example
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57
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58 When a test fails, you will see something like:
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59
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60 @example
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61 @group
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62 ***** test error ("this test fails!")
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63 !!!!! test failed
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64 this test fails!
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65 @end group
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66 @end example
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67
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68 Generally, to test if something works, you want to assert that it
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69 produces a correct value. A real test might look something like
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70
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71 @example
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72 @group
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73 %!test
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74 %! @var{a} = [1, 2, 3; 4, 5, 6]; B = [1; 2];
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75 %! expect = [ @var{a} ; 2*@var{a} ];
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76 %! get = kron (@var{b}, @var{a});
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77 %! if (any (size (expect) != size (get)))
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78 %! error ("wrong size: expected %d,%d but got %d,%d",
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79 %! size (expect), size (get));
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80 %! elseif (any (any (expect != get)))
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81 %! error ("didn't get what was expected.");
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82 %! endif
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83 @end group
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84 @end example
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85
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86 To make the process easier, use the @code{assert} function. For example,
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87 with @code{assert} the previous test is reduced to:
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88
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89 @example
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90 @group
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91 %!test
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92 %! @var{a} = [1, 2, 3; 4, 5, 6]; @var{b} = [1; 2];
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93 %! assert (kron (@var{b}, @var{a}), [ @var{a}; 2*@var{a} ]);
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94 @end group
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95 @end example
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96
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97 @code{assert} can accept a tolerance so that you can compare results
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98 absolutely or relatively. For example, the following all succeed:
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99
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100 @example
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101 @group
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102 %!test assert (1+eps, 1, 2*eps) # absolute error
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103 %!test assert (100+100*eps, 100, -2*eps) # relative error
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104 @end group
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105 @end example
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106
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107 You can also do the comparison yourself, but still have assert
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108 generate the error:
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109
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110 @example
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111 @group
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112 %!test assert (isempty ([]))
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113 %!test assert ([1, 2; 3, 4] > 0)
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114 @end group
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115 @end example
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116
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117 Because @code{assert} is so frequently used alone in a test block, there
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118 is a shorthand form:
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119
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120 @example
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121 %!assert (@dots{})
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122 @end example
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123
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124 @noindent
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125 which is equivalent to:
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126
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127 @example
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128 %!test assert (@dots{})
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129 @end example
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130
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131 Occasionally a block of tests will depend on having optional
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132 functionality in Octave. Before testing such blocks the availability of
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133 the required functionality must be checked. A @code{%!testif HAVE_XXX}
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134 block will only be run if Octave was compiled with functionality
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135 @samp{HAVE_XXX}. For example, the sparse single value decomposition,
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136 @code{svds()}, depends on having the @sc{arpack} library. All of the tests
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137 for @code{svds} begin with
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138
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139 @example
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140 %!testif HAVE_ARPACK
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141 @end example
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142
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143 @noindent
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144 Review @file{config.h} or @code{octave_config_info ("features")} to see some
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145 of the possible values to check.
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146
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147 Sometimes during development there is a test that should work but is
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148 known to fail. You still want to leave the test in because when the
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149 final code is ready the test should pass, but you may not be able to
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150 fix it immediately. To avoid unnecessary bug reports for these known
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151 failures, mark the block with @code{xtest} rather than @code{test}:
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152
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153 @example
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154 @group
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155 %!xtest assert (1==0)
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156 %!xtest fail ("success=1", "error")
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157 @end group
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158 @end example
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159
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160 @noindent
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161 In this case, the test will run and any failure will be reported.
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162 However, testing is not aborted and subsequent test blocks will be
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163 processed normally. Another use of @code{xtest} is for statistical
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164 tests which should pass most of the time but are known to fail
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165 occasionally.
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166
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167 Each block is evaluated in its own function environment, which means
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168 that variables defined in one block are not automatically shared
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169 with other blocks. If you do want to share variables, then you
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170 must declare them as @code{shared} before you use them. For example, the
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171 following declares the variable @var{a}, gives it an initial value (default
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172 is empty), and then uses it in several subsequent tests.
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173
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174 @example
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175 @group
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176 %!shared @var{a}
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177 %! @var{a} = [1, 2, 3; 4, 5, 6];
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178 %!assert (kron ([1; 2], @var{a}), [ @var{a}; 2*@var{a} ]);
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179 %!assert (kron ([1, 2], @var{a}), [ @var{a}, 2*@var{a} ]);
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180 %!assert (kron ([1,2; 3,4], @var{a}), [ @var{a},2*@var{a}; 3*@var{a},4*@var{a} ]);
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181 @end group
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182 @end example
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183
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184 You can share several variables at the same time:
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185
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186 @example
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187 %!shared @var{a}, @var{b}
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188 @end example
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189
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190 You can also share test functions:
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191
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192 @example
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193 @group
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194 %!function @var{a} = fn (@var{b})
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195 %! @var{a} = 2*@var{b};
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196 %!endfunction
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197 %!assert (fn(2), 4);
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198 @end group
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199 @end example
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200
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201 Note that all previous variables and values are lost when a new
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202 shared block is declared.
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203
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204 Remember that @code{%!function} begins a new block and that
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205 @code{%!endfunction} ends this block. Be aware that until a new block
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206 is started, lines starting with @samp{%!<space>} will be discarded as comments.
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207 The following is nearly identical to the example above, but does nothing.
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208
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209 @example
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210 @group
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211 %!function @var{a} = fn (@var{b})
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212 %! @var{a} = 2*@var{b};
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213 %!endfunction
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214 %! assert (fn(2), 4);
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215 @end group
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216 @end example
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217
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218 @noindent
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219 Because there is a space after @samp{%!} the @code{assert} statement does
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220 not begin a new block and this line is treated as a comment.
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221
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222 Error and warning blocks are like test blocks, but they only succeed
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223 if the code generates an error. You can check the text of the error
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224 is correct using an optional regular expression @code{<pattern>}.
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225 For example:
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226
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227 @example
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228 %!error <passes!> error ("this test passes!");
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229 @end example
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230
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231 If the code doesn't generate an error, the test fails. For example:
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232
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233 @example
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234 %!error "this is an error because it succeeds.";
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235 @end example
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236
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237 @noindent
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238 produces
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239
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240 @example
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241 @group
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242 ***** error "this is an error because it succeeds.";
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243 !!!!! test failed: no error
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244 @end group
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245 @end example
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246
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247 It is important to automate the tests as much as possible, however
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248 some tests require user interaction. These can be isolated into
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249 demo blocks, which if you are in batch mode, are only run when
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250 called with @code{demo} or the @code{verbose} option to @code{test}.
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251 The code is displayed before it is executed. For example,
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252
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253 @example
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254 @group
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255 %!demo
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256 %! @var{t} = [0:0.01:2*pi]; @var{x} = sin (@var{t});
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257 %! plot (@var{t}, @var{x});
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258 %! # you should now see a sine wave in your figure window
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259 @end group
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260 @end example
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261
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262 @noindent
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263 produces
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264
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265 @example
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266 @group
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267 funcname example 1:
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268 @var{t} = [0:0.01:2*pi]; @var{x} = sin (@var{t});
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269 plot (@var{t}, @var{x});
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270 # you should now see a sine wave in your figure window
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271
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272 Press <enter> to continue:
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273 @end group
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274 @end example
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275
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276 Note that demo blocks cannot use any shared variables. This is so
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277 that they can be executed by themselves, ignoring all other tests.
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278
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279 If you want to temporarily disable a test block, put @code{#} in place
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280 of the block type. This creates a comment block which is echoed
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281 in the log file but not executed. For example:
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282
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283 @example
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284 @group
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285 %!#demo
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286 %! @var{t} = [0:0.01:2*pi]; @var{x} = sin (@var{t});
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287 %! plot (@var{t}, @var{x});
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288 %! # you should now see a sine wave in your figure window
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289 @end group
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290 @end example
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291
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292 @noindent
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293 The following trivial code snippet provides examples for the use of
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294 fail, assert, error and xtest:
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295
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296 @example
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297 @group
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298 function output = must_be_zero (@var{input})
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299 if (@var{input} != 0)
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300 error ("Non-zero input!")
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301 endif
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302 output = input;
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303 endfunction
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304
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305 %!fail ("must_be_zero (1)");
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306 %!assert (must_be_zero (0), 0);
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307 %!error <Non-zero> must_be_zero (1);
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308 %!xtest error ("This code generates an error");
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309 @end group
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310 @end example
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311
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312 @noindent
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313 When putting this a file @file{must_be_zero.m}, and running the test, we see
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314
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315 @example
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316 @group
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317 test must_be_zero verbose
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318
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319 @result{}
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320 >>>>> /path/to/must_be_zero.m
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321 ***** fail ("must_be_zero (1)");
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322 ***** assert (must_be_zero (0), 0);
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323 ***** error <Non-zero> must_be_zero (1);
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324 ***** xtest error ("This code generates an error");
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325 !!!!! known failure
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326 This code generates an error
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327 PASSES 4 out of 4 tests (1 expected failures)
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328 @end group
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329 @end example
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330
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331 @subsubheading Block type summary:
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332
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333 @table @code
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334 @item %!test
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335 check that entire block is correct
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336
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337 @item %!testif HAVE_XXX
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338 check block only if Octave was compiled with feature HAVE_XXX.
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339
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340 @item %!xtest
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341 check block, report a test failure but do not abort testing.
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342
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343 @item %!error
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344 check for correct error message
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345
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346 @item %!warning
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347 check for correct warning message
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348
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349 @item %!demo
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350 demo only executes in interactive mode
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351
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352 @item %!#
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353 comment: ignore everything within the block
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354
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355 @item %!shared x,y,z
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356 declare variables for use in multiple tests
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357
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358 @item %!function
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359 define a function for use in multiple tests
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360
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361 @item %!endfunction
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362 close a function definition
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363
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364 @item %!assert (x, y, tol)
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365 shorthand for @code{%!test assert (x, y, tol)}
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366 @end table
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367
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368 You can also create test scripts for built-in functions and your own C++
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369 functions. To do so, put a file with the bare function name (no .m
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370 extension) in a directory in the load path and it will be discovered by
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371 the @code{test} function. Alternatively, you can embed tests directly in your
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372 C++ code:
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373
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374 @example
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375 @group
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376 /*
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377 %!test disp ("this is a test")
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378 */
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379 @end group
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380 @end example
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381
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382 @noindent
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383 or
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384
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385 @example
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386 @group
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387 #if 0
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388 %!test disp ("this is a test")
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389 #endif
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390 @end group
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391 @end example
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392
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393 @noindent
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394 However, in this case the raw source code will need to be on the load
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395 path and the user will have to remember to type
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396 @code{test ("funcname.cc")}.
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397
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398 @DOCSTRING(assert)
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399
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400 @DOCSTRING(fail)
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401
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402 @node Demonstration Functions
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403 @section Demonstration Functions
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404
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405 @DOCSTRING(demo)
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406
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407 @DOCSTRING(example)
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408
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409 @DOCSTRING(rundemos)
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410
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411 @DOCSTRING(runtests)
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412
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413 @DOCSTRING(speed)