annotate libinterp/corefcn/sqrtm.cc @ 22317:6ca3acf5fad8

move some new numeric classes to namespace octave::math * aepbalance.cc, aepbalance.h, chol.cc, chol.h, gepbalance.cc, gepbalance.h, hess.cc, hess.h, lu.cc, lu.h, qr.cc, qr.h, qrp.cc, qrp.h, schur.cc, schur.h, sparse-chol.cc, sparse-chol.h, sparse-dmsolve.cc,sparse-lu.cc, sparse-lu.h, sparse-qr.cc, sparse-qr.h, svd.cc, svd.h: Move classes to namespace octave::math. * __luinc__.cc, __qp__.cc, balance.cc, hess.cc, lu.cc, qz.cc, schur.cc, sqrtm.cc, svd.cc, chol.cc, dmperm.cc, qr.cc, lex.h, CMatrix.cc, CSparse.cc, dMatrix.cc, dSparse.cc, fCMatrix.cc, fMatrix.cc, eigs-base.cc, oct-norm.cc: Update for new namespaces.
author John W. Eaton <jwe@octave.org>
date Tue, 16 Aug 2016 15:48:22 -0400
parents 112b20240c87
children bac0d6f07a3e
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1 /*
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2
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4197fc428c7d maint: Update copyright notices for 2015.
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3 Copyright (C) 2001-2015 Ross Lippert and Paul Kienzle
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4 Copyright (C) 2010 VZLU Prague
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5
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6 This file is part of Octave.
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7
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8 Octave is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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9 under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
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10 Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at your
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11 option) any later version.
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12
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13 Octave is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
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14 ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
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15 FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
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16 for more details.
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17
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18 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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19 along with Octave; see the file COPYING. If not, see
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20 <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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21
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22 */
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23
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24 #if defined (HAVE_CONFIG_H)
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25 # include "config.h"
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26 #endif
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27
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28 #include "schur.h"
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29 #include "lo-ieee.h"
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30 #include "lo-mappers.h"
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31 #include "oct-norm.h"
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32
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33 #include "defun.h"
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34 #include "error.h"
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35 #include "errwarn.h"
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36 #include "utils.h"
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37 #include "xnorm.h"
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38
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39 template <typename Matrix>
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40 static void
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41 sqrtm_utri_inplace (Matrix& T)
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42 {
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43 typedef typename Matrix::element_type element_type;
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44
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45 const element_type zero = element_type ();
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46
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47 bool singular = false;
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48
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49 // The following code is equivalent to this triple loop:
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50 //
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51 // n = rows (T);
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52 // for j = 1:n
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53 // T(j,j) = sqrt (T(j,j));
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54 // for i = j-1:-1:1
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55 // T(i,j) /= (T(i,i) + T(j,j));
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56 // k = 1:i-1;
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57 // T(k,j) -= T(k,i) * T(i,j);
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58 // endfor
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59 // endfor
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60 //
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61 // this is an in-place, cache-aligned variant of the code
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62 // given in Higham's paper.
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63
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64 const octave_idx_type n = T.rows ();
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65 element_type *Tp = T.fortran_vec ();
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66 for (octave_idx_type j = 0; j < n; j++)
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67 {
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68 element_type *colj = Tp + n*j;
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69 if (colj[j] != zero)
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70 colj[j] = sqrt (colj[j]);
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71 else
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72 singular = true;
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73
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74 for (octave_idx_type i = j-1; i >= 0; i--)
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75 {
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76 const element_type *coli = Tp + n*i;
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77 const element_type colji = colj[i] /= (coli[i] + colj[j]);
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78 for (octave_idx_type k = 0; k < i; k++)
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79 colj[k] -= coli[k] * colji;
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80 }
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81 }
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82
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83 if (singular)
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84 warning_with_id ("Octave:sqrtm:SingularMatrix",
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85 "sqrtm: matrix is singular, may not have a square root");
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86 }
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87
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88 template <typename Matrix, typename ComplexMatrix, typename ComplexSCHUR>
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89 static octave_value
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90 do_sqrtm (const octave_value& arg)
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91 {
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92
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93 octave_value retval;
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94
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95 MatrixType mt = arg.matrix_type ();
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96
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97 bool iscomplex = arg.is_complex_type ();
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98
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99 typedef typename Matrix::element_type real_type;
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100
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101 real_type cutoff = 0;
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102 real_type one = 1;
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103 real_type eps = std::numeric_limits<real_type>::epsilon ();
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104
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105 if (! iscomplex)
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106 {
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107 Matrix x = octave_value_extract<Matrix> (arg);
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108
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109 if (mt.is_unknown ()) // if type is not known, compute it now.
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110 arg.matrix_type (mt = MatrixType (x));
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111
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112 switch (mt.type ())
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113 {
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114 case MatrixType::Upper:
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115 case MatrixType::Diagonal:
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116 if (! x.diag ().any_element_is_negative ())
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117 {
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118 // Do it in real arithmetic.
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119 sqrtm_utri_inplace (x);
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120 retval = x;
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121 retval.matrix_type (mt);
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122 }
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123 else
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124 iscomplex = true;
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125 break;
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126
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127 case MatrixType::Lower:
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128 if (! x.diag ().any_element_is_negative ())
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129 {
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130 x = x.transpose ();
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131 sqrtm_utri_inplace (x);
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132 retval = x.transpose ();
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133 retval.matrix_type (mt);
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134 }
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135 else
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136 iscomplex = true;
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137 break;
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138
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139 default:
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140 iscomplex = true;
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141 break;
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142 }
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143
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144 if (iscomplex)
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145 cutoff = 10 * x.rows () * eps * xnorm (x, one);
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146 }
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147
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148 if (iscomplex)
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149 {
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150 ComplexMatrix x = octave_value_extract<ComplexMatrix> (arg);
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151
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152 if (mt.is_unknown ()) // if type is not known, compute it now.
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153 arg.matrix_type (mt = MatrixType (x));
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154
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155 switch (mt.type ())
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156 {
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157 case MatrixType::Upper:
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158 case MatrixType::Diagonal:
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159 sqrtm_utri_inplace (x);
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160 retval = x;
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161 retval.matrix_type (mt);
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162 break;
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163
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164 case MatrixType::Lower:
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165 x = x.transpose ();
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166 sqrtm_utri_inplace (x);
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167 retval = x.transpose ();
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168 retval.matrix_type (mt);
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169 break;
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170
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171 default:
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172 {
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173 ComplexMatrix u;
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174
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175 do
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176 {
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177 ComplexSCHUR schur_fact (x, "", true);
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178 x = schur_fact.schur_matrix ();
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179 u = schur_fact.unitary_matrix ();
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180 }
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181 while (0); // schur no longer needed.
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182
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183 sqrtm_utri_inplace (x);
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184
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185 x = u * x; // original x no longer needed.
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186 ComplexMatrix res = xgemm (x, u, blas_no_trans, blas_conj_trans);
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187
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188 if (cutoff > 0 && xnorm (imag (res), one) <= cutoff)
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189 retval = real (res);
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190 else
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191 retval = res;
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192 }
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193 break;
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194 }
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195 }
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196
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197 return retval;
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198 }
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199
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200 DEFUN (sqrtm, args, nargout,
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201 doc: /* -*- texinfo -*-
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202 @deftypefn {} {@var{s} =} sqrtm (@var{A})
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203 @deftypefnx {} {[@var{s}, @var{error_estimate}] =} sqrtm (@var{A})
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204 Compute the matrix square root of the square matrix @var{A}.
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205
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206 Ref: @nospell{N.J. Higham}. @cite{A New sqrtm for @sc{matlab}}. Numerical
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207 Analysis Report No. 336, Manchester @nospell{Centre} for Computational
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208 Mathematics, Manchester, England, January 1999.
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209 @seealso{expm, logm}
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210 @end deftypefn */)
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211 {
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212 if (args.length () != 1)
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213 print_usage ();
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214
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215 octave_value arg = args(0);
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216
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217 octave_idx_type n = arg.rows ();
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218 octave_idx_type nc = arg.columns ();
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219
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220 if (n != nc || arg.ndims () > 2)
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221 err_square_matrix_required ("sqrtm", "A");
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222
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223 octave_value_list retval (nargout > 1 ? 3 : 1);
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224
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225 if (nargout > 1)
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226 {
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227 // FIXME: Octave does not calculate a condition number with respect to
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228 // sqrtm. Should this return NaN instead of -1?
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229 retval(2) = -1.0;
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230 }
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231
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232 if (arg.is_diag_matrix ())
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233 // sqrtm of a diagonal matrix is just sqrt.
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234 retval(0) = arg.sqrt ();
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235 else if (arg.is_single_type ())
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236 retval(0) = do_sqrtm<FloatMatrix, FloatComplexMatrix,
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237 octave::math::schur<FloatComplexMatrix> > (arg);
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238 else if (arg.is_numeric_type ())
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239 retval(0) = do_sqrtm<Matrix, ComplexMatrix,
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240 octave::math::schur<ComplexMatrix> > (arg);
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241
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242 if (nargout > 1)
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243 {
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244 // This corresponds to generic code
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245 //
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246 // norm (s*s - x, "fro") / norm (x, "fro");
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247
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248 octave_value s = retval(0);
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249 retval(1) = xfrobnorm (s*s - arg) / xfrobnorm (arg);
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250 }
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251
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252 return retval;
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253 }
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254
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255 /*
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256 %!assert (sqrtm (2*ones (2)), ones (2), 3*eps)
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257
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258 ## The following two tests are from the reference in the docstring above.
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259 %!test
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260 %! warning ("off", "Octave:sqrtm:SingularMatrix", "local");
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261 %! x = [0 1; 0 0];
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262 %! assert (any (isnan (sqrtm (x))(:)));
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263
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264 %!test
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265 %! x = eye (4); x(2,2) = x(3,3) = 2^-26; x(1,4) = 1;
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266 %! z = eye (4); z(2,2) = z(3,3) = 2^-13; z(1,4) = 0.5;
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267 %! [y, err] = sqrtm (x);
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268 %! assert (y, z);
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269 %! assert (err, 0); # Yes, this one has to hold exactly
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270 */