annotate libinterp/corefcn/schur.cc @ 20939:b17fda023ca6

maint: Use new C++ archetype in more files. Place input validation first in files. Move declaration of retval down in function to be closer to point of usage. Eliminate else clause after if () error. Use "return ovl()" where it makes sense. * find.cc, gammainc.cc, gcd.cc, getgrent.cc, getpwent.cc, givens.cc, graphics.cc, help.cc, hess.cc, hex2num.cc, input.cc, kron.cc, load-path.cc, load-save.cc, lookup.cc, mappers.cc, matrix_type.cc, mgorth.cc, nproc.cc, ordschur.cc, pager.cc, pinv.cc, pr-output.cc, profiler.cc, psi.cc, quad.cc, rcond.cc, regexp.cc, schur.cc, sighandlers.cc, sparse.cc, str2double.cc, strfind.cc, strfns.cc, sub2ind.cc, svd.cc, sylvester.cc, symtab.cc, syscalls.cc, sysdep.cc, time.cc, toplev.cc, tril.cc, tsearch.cc, typecast.cc, urlwrite.cc, utils.cc, variables.cc, __delaunayn__.cc, __eigs__.cc, __glpk__.cc, __magick_read__.cc, __osmesa_print__.cc, __voronoi__.cc, amd.cc, audiodevinfo.cc, audioread.cc, chol.cc, colamd.cc, dmperm.cc, fftw.cc, qr.cc, symbfact.cc, symrcm.cc, ov-bool-mat.cc, ov-cell.cc, ov-class.cc, ov-classdef.cc, ov-fcn-handle.cc, ov-fcn-inline.cc, ov-flt-re-mat.cc, ov-java.cc, ov-null-mat.cc, ov-oncleanup.cc, ov-re-mat.cc, ov-struct.cc, ov-typeinfo.cc, ov-usr-fcn.cc, ov.cc, octave.cc: Use new C++ archetype in more files.
author Rik <rik@octave.org>
date Fri, 18 Dec 2015 15:37:22 -0800
parents 8da80da1ac37
children 48b2ad5ee801
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1 /*
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2
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3 Copyright (C) 1996-2015 John W. Eaton
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4
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5 This file is part of Octave.
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6
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7 Octave is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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8 under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
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9 Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at your
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10 option) any later version.
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11
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12 Octave is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
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13 ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
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14 FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
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15 for more details.
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16
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17 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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18 along with Octave; see the file COPYING. If not, see
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19 <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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20
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21 */
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22
295f037b4b3e [project @ 1997-05-05 05:32:33 by jwe]
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23 #ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
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24 #include <config.h>
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25 #endif
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26
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27 #include <string>
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28
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29 #include "CmplxSCHUR.h"
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30 #include "dbleSCHUR.h"
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31 #include "fCmplxSCHUR.h"
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32 #include "floatSCHUR.h"
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33
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34 #include "defun.h"
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35 #include "error.h"
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36 #include "gripes.h"
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37 #include "oct-obj.h"
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38 #include "utils.h"
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39
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40 template <class Matrix>
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41 static octave_value
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42 mark_upper_triangular (const Matrix& a)
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43 {
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44 octave_value retval = a;
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45
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46 octave_idx_type n = a.rows ();
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47 assert (a.columns () == n);
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48
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49 const typename Matrix::element_type zero = typename Matrix::element_type ();
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50
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51 for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < n; i++)
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52 if (a(i,i) == zero)
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53 return retval;
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54
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55 retval.matrix_type (MatrixType::Upper);
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56
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57 return retval;
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58 }
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59
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60 DEFUN (schur, args, nargout,
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61 "-*- texinfo -*-\n\
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62 @deftypefn {} {@var{S} =} schur (@var{A})\n\
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63 @deftypefnx {} {@var{S} =} schur (@var{A}, \"real\")\n\
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64 @deftypefnx {} {@var{S} =} schur (@var{A}, \"complex\")\n\
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65 @deftypefnx {} {@var{S} =} schur (@var{A}, @var{opt})\n\
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66 @deftypefnx {} {[@var{U}, @var{S}] =} schur (@dots{})\n\
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67 @cindex Schur decomposition\n\
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68 Compute the Schur@tie{}decomposition of @var{A}.\n\
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69 \n\
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70 The Schur@tie{}decomposition is defined as\n\
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71 @tex\n\
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72 $$\n\
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73 S = U^T A U\n\
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74 $$\n\
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75 @end tex\n\
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76 @ifnottex\n\
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77 \n\
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78 @example\n\
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79 @code{@var{S} = @var{U}' * @var{A} * @var{U}}\n\
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80 @end example\n\
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81 \n\
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82 @end ifnottex\n\
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83 where @var{U} is a unitary matrix\n\
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84 @tex\n\
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85 ($U^T U$ is identity)\n\
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86 @end tex\n\
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87 @ifnottex\n\
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88 (@code{@var{U}'* @var{U}} is identity)\n\
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89 @end ifnottex\n\
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90 and @var{S} is upper triangular. The eigenvalues of @var{A} (and @var{S})\n\
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91 are the diagonal elements of @var{S}. If the matrix @var{A} is real, then\n\
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92 the real Schur@tie{}decomposition is computed, in which the matrix @var{U}\n\
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93 is orthogonal and @var{S} is block upper triangular with blocks of size at\n\
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94 most\n\
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95 @tex\n\
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96 $2 \\times 2$\n\
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97 @end tex\n\
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98 @ifnottex\n\
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99 @code{2 x 2}\n\
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100 @end ifnottex\n\
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101 along the diagonal. The diagonal elements of @var{S}\n\
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102 (or the eigenvalues of the\n\
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103 @tex\n\
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104 $2 \\times 2$\n\
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105 @end tex\n\
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106 @ifnottex\n\
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107 @code{2 x 2}\n\
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108 @end ifnottex\n\
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109 blocks, when appropriate) are the eigenvalues of @var{A} and @var{S}.\n\
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110 \n\
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111 The default for real matrices is a real Schur@tie{}decomposition.\n\
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112 A complex decomposition may be forced by passing the flag\n\
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113 @qcode{\"complex\"}.\n\
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114 \n\
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115 The eigenvalues are optionally ordered along the diagonal according to the\n\
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116 value of @var{opt}. @code{@var{opt} = \"a\"} indicates that all eigenvalues\n\
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117 with negative real parts should be moved to the leading block of @var{S}\n\
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118 (used in @code{are}), @code{@var{opt} = \"d\"} indicates that all\n\
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119 eigenvalues with magnitude less than one should be moved to the leading\n\
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120 block of @var{S} (used in @code{dare}), and @code{@var{opt} = \"u\"}, the\n\
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121 default, indicates that no ordering of eigenvalues should occur. The\n\
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122 leading @var{k} columns of @var{U} always span the @var{A}-invariant\n\
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123 subspace corresponding to the @var{k} leading eigenvalues of @var{S}.\n\
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124 \n\
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125 The Schur@tie{}decomposition is used to compute eigenvalues of a square\n\
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126 matrix, and has applications in the solution of algebraic Riccati equations\n\
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127 in control (see @code{are} and @code{dare}).\n\
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128 @seealso{rsf2csf, ordschur, lu, chol, hess, qr, qz, svd}\n\
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129 @end deftypefn")
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130 {
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131 int nargin = args.length ();
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132
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133 if (nargin < 1 || nargin > 2 || nargout > 2)
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134 print_usage ();
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135
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136 octave_value arg = args(0);
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137
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138 std::string ord;
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139 if (nargin == 2)
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140 ord = args(1).xstring_value ("schur: second argument must be a string");
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141
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142 bool force_complex = false;
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143
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144 if (ord == "real")
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145 {
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146 ord = std::string ();
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147 }
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148 else if (ord == "complex")
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149 {
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150 force_complex = true;
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151 ord = std::string ();
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152 }
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153 else
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154 {
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155 char ord_char = ord.empty () ? 'U' : ord[0];
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156
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157 if (ord_char != 'U' && ord_char != 'A' && ord_char != 'D'
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158 && ord_char != 'u' && ord_char != 'a' && ord_char != 'd')
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159 {
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160 warning ("schur: incorrect ordered schur argument '%s'",
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161 ord.c_str ());
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162 return octave_value_list ();
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163 }
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164 }
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165
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166 octave_idx_type nr = arg.rows ();
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167 octave_idx_type nc = arg.columns ();
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168
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169 if (nr != nc)
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170 {
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171 gripe_square_matrix_required ("schur");
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172 return octave_value_list ();
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173 }
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174
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175 octave_value_list retval;
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176
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177 if (! arg.is_numeric_type ())
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178 gripe_wrong_type_arg ("schur", arg);
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179 else if (arg.is_single_type ())
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180 {
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181 if (! force_complex && arg.is_real_type ())
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182 {
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183 FloatMatrix tmp = arg.float_matrix_value ();
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184
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185 if (nargout <= 1)
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186 {
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187 FloatSCHUR result (tmp, ord, false);
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188 retval = ovl (result.schur_matrix ());
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189 }
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190 else
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191 {
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192 FloatSCHUR result (tmp, ord, true);
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193 retval = ovl (result.unitary_matrix (),
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194 result.schur_matrix ());
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195 }
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196 }
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197 else
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198 {
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199 FloatComplexMatrix ctmp = arg.float_complex_matrix_value ();
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200
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201 if (nargout <= 1)
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202 {
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203 FloatComplexSCHUR result (ctmp, ord, false);
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204 retval = ovl (mark_upper_triangular (result.schur_matrix ()));
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205 }
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206 else
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207 {
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208 FloatComplexSCHUR result (ctmp, ord, true);
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209 retval = ovl (result.unitary_matrix (),
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210 mark_upper_triangular (result.schur_matrix ()));
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211 }
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212 }
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213 }
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214 else
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215 {
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216 if (! force_complex && arg.is_real_type ())
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217 {
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218 Matrix tmp = arg.matrix_value ();
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219
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220 if (nargout <= 1)
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221 {
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222 SCHUR result (tmp, ord, false);
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223 retval = ovl (result.schur_matrix ());
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224 }
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225 else
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226 {
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227 SCHUR result (tmp, ord, true);
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228 retval = ovl (result.unitary_matrix (),
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229 result.schur_matrix ());
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230 }
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231 }
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232 else
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233 {
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234 ComplexMatrix ctmp = arg.complex_matrix_value ();
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235
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236 if (nargout <= 1)
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237 {
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238 ComplexSCHUR result (ctmp, ord, false);
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239 retval = ovl (mark_upper_triangular (result.schur_matrix ()));
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240 }
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241 else
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242 {
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243 ComplexSCHUR result (ctmp, ord, true);
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244 retval = ovl (result.unitary_matrix (),
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245 mark_upper_triangular (result.schur_matrix ()));
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246 }
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247 }
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248 }
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249
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250 return retval;
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251 }
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252
295f037b4b3e [project @ 1997-05-05 05:32:33 by jwe]
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253 /*
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254 %!test
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255 %! a = [1, 2, 3; 4, 5, 9; 7, 8, 6];
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256 %! [u, s] = schur (a);
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diff changeset
257 %! assert (u' * a * u, s, sqrt (eps));
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258
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259 %!test
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260 %! a = single ([1, 2, 3; 4, 5, 9; 7, 8, 6]);
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261 %! [u, s] = schur (a);
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262 %! assert (u' * a * u, s, sqrt (eps ("single")));
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263
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diff changeset
264 %!error schur ()
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265 %!error schur (1,2,3)
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266 %!error [a,b,c] = schur (1)
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267 %!error <argument must be a square matrix> schur ([1, 2, 3; 4, 5, 6])
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268 %!error <wrong type argument 'cell'> schur ({1})
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269 %!warning <incorrect ordered schur argument> schur ([1, 2; 3, 4], "bad_opt");
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270
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271 */
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272
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273 DEFUN (rsf2csf, args, nargout,
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274 "-*- texinfo -*-\n\
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275 @deftypefn {} {[@var{U}, @var{T}] =} rsf2csf (@var{UR}, @var{TR})\n\
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276 Convert a real, upper quasi-triangular Schur@tie{}form @var{TR} to a complex,\n\
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277 upper triangular Schur@tie{}form @var{T}.\n\
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278 \n\
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279 Note that the following relations hold:\n\
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280 \n\
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281 @tex\n\
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282 $UR \\cdot TR \\cdot {UR}^T = U T U^{\\dagger}$ and\n\
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283 $U^{\\dagger} U$ is the identity matrix I.\n\
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284 @end tex\n\
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285 @ifnottex\n\
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286 @tcode{@var{UR} * @var{TR} * @var{UR}' = @var{U} * @var{T} * @var{U}'} and\n\
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287 @code{@var{U}' * @var{U}} is the identity matrix I.\n\
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288 @end ifnottex\n\
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289 \n\
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290 Note also that @var{U} and @var{T} are not unique.\n\
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291 @seealso{schur}\n\
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292 @end deftypefn")
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293 {
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294 if (args.length () != 2 || nargout > 2)
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295 print_usage ();
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296
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297 octave_value_list retval;
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298
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299 if (! args(0).is_numeric_type ())
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300 gripe_wrong_type_arg ("rsf2csf", args(0));
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301 else if (! args(1).is_numeric_type ())
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302 gripe_wrong_type_arg ("rsf2csf", args(1));
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303 else if (args(0).is_complex_type () || args(1).is_complex_type ())
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304 error ("rsf2csf: UR and TR must be real matrices");
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305 else
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306 {
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307
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308 if (args(0).is_single_type () || args(1).is_single_type ())
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309 {
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310 FloatMatrix u = args(0).float_matrix_value ();
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311 FloatMatrix t = args(1).float_matrix_value ();
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312
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313 FloatComplexSCHUR cs (FloatSCHUR (t, u));
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314
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315 retval = ovl (cs.unitary_matrix (), cs.schur_matrix ());
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316 }
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317 else
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318 {
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319 Matrix u = args(0).matrix_value ();
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320 Matrix t = args(1).matrix_value ();
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321
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322 ComplexSCHUR cs (SCHUR (t, u));
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323
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324 retval = ovl (cs.unitary_matrix (), cs.schur_matrix ());
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325 }
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326 }
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327
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328 return retval;
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329 }
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330
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331 /*
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332 %!test
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333 %! A = [1, 1, 1, 2; 1, 2, 1, 1; 1, 1, 3, 1; -2, 1, 1, 1];
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334 %! [u, t] = schur (A);
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335 %! [U, T] = rsf2csf (u, t);
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336 %! assert (norm (u * t * u' - U * T * U'), 0, 1e-12);
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337 %! assert (norm (A - U * T * U'), 0, 1e-12);
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338
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339 %!test
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340 %! A = rand (10);
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341 %! [u, t] = schur (A);
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342 %! [U, T] = rsf2csf (u, t);
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343 %! assert (norm (tril (T, -1)), 0);
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344 %! assert (norm (U * U'), 1, 1e-14);
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345
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346 %!test
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347 %! A = [0, 1;-1, 0];
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348 %! [u, t] = schur (A);
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349 %! [U, T] = rsf2csf (u,t);
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350 %! assert (U * T * U', A, 1e-14);
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351 */