changeset 2305:5a3f1d00a474

[project @ 1996-07-09 16:20:40 by jwe]
author jwe
date Tue, 09 Jul 1996 16:20:40 +0000
parents 532542bd9493
children 2fbf9bb1cd7a
files src/arith-ops.cc src/balance.cc src/dassl.cc src/data.cc src/filter.cc src/find.cc src/fsolve.cc src/load-save.cc src/log.cc src/lsode.cc src/minmax.cc src/npsol.cc src/oct-stream.cc src/pr-output.cc src/pt-const.cc src/pt-fvc.cc src/pt-plot.cc src/quad.cc src/rand.cc src/sighandlers.cc src/sort.cc src/syscalls.cc src/xdiv.cc src/xpow.cc
diffstat 24 files changed, 402 insertions(+), 402 deletions(-) [+]
line wrap: on
line diff
--- a/src/arith-ops.cc	Mon Jun 24 19:44:01 1996 +0000
+++ b/src/arith-ops.cc	Tue Jul 09 16:20:40 1996 +0000
@@ -226,35 +226,35 @@
 	switch (op)
 	  {
 	  case Matrix_LT:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = s < a.elem (i,j);
+	    t (i,j) = s < a (i,j);
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_LE:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = s <= a.elem (i,j);
+	    t (i,j) = s <= a (i,j);
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_EQ:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = s == a.elem (i,j);
+	    t (i,j) = s == a (i,j);
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_GE:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = s >= a.elem (i,j);
+	    t (i,j) = s >= a (i,j);
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_GT:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = s > a.elem (i,j);
+	    t (i,j) = s > a (i,j);
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_NE:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = s != a.elem (i,j);
+	    t (i,j) = s != a (i,j);
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_AND:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = s && a.elem (i,j);
+	    t (i,j) = s && a (i,j);
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_OR:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = s || a.elem (i,j);
+	    t (i,j) = s || a (i,j);
 	    break;
 
 	  default:
@@ -289,35 +289,35 @@
 	switch (op)
 	  {
 	  case Matrix_LT:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = s < real (a.elem (i,j));
+	    t (i,j) = s < real (a (i,j));
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_LE:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = s <= real (a.elem (i,j));
+	    t (i,j) = s <= real (a (i,j));
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_EQ:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = s == a.elem (i,j);
+	    t (i,j) = s == a (i,j);
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_GE:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = s >= real (a.elem (i,j));
+	    t (i,j) = s >= real (a (i,j));
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_GT:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = s > real (a.elem (i,j));
+	    t (i,j) = s > real (a (i,j));
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_NE:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = s != a.elem (i,j);
+	    t (i,j) = s != a (i,j);
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_AND:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = s && (a.elem (i,j) != 0.0);
+	    t (i,j) = s && (a (i,j) != 0.0);
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_OR:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = s || (a.elem (i,j) != 0.0);
+	    t (i,j) = s || (a (i,j) != 0.0);
 	    break;
 
 	  default:
@@ -352,35 +352,35 @@
 	switch (op)
 	  {
 	  case Matrix_LT:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = a.elem (i,j) < s;
+	    t (i,j) = a (i,j) < s;
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_LE:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = a.elem (i,j) <= s;
+	    t (i,j) = a (i,j) <= s;
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_EQ:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = a.elem (i,j) == s;
+	    t (i,j) = a (i,j) == s;
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_GE:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = a.elem (i,j) >= s;
+	    t (i,j) = a (i,j) >= s;
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_GT:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = a.elem (i,j) > s;
+	    t (i,j) = a (i,j) > s;
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_NE:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = a.elem (i,j) != s;
+	    t (i,j) = a (i,j) != s;
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_AND:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = a.elem (i,j) && s;
+	    t (i,j) = a (i,j) && s;
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_OR:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = a.elem (i,j) || s;
+	    t (i,j) = a (i,j) || s;
 	    break;
 
 	  default:
@@ -415,35 +415,35 @@
 	switch (op)
 	  {
 	  case Matrix_LT:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = a.elem (i,j) < real (s);
+	    t (i,j) = a (i,j) < real (s);
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_LE:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = a.elem (i,j) <= real (s);
+	    t (i,j) = a (i,j) <= real (s);
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_EQ:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = a.elem (i,j) == s;
+	    t (i,j) = a (i,j) == s;
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_GE:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = a.elem (i,j) >= real (s);
+	    t (i,j) = a (i,j) >= real (s);
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_GT:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = a.elem (i,j) > real (s);
+	    t (i,j) = a (i,j) > real (s);
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_NE:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = a.elem (i,j) != s;
+	    t (i,j) = a (i,j) != s;
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_AND:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = a.elem (i,j) && (s != 0.0);
+	    t (i,j) = a (i,j) && (s != 0.0);
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_OR:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = a.elem (i,j) || (s != 0.0);
+	    t (i,j) = a (i,j) || (s != 0.0);
 	    break;
 
 	  default:
@@ -481,35 +481,35 @@
 	switch (op)
 	  {
 	  case Matrix_LT:
-	    c.elem (i, j) = a.elem (i, j) <  b.elem (i, j);
+	    c (i, j) = a (i, j) <  b (i, j);
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_LE:
-	    c.elem (i, j) = a.elem (i, j) <= b.elem (i, j);
+	    c (i, j) = a (i, j) <= b (i, j);
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_EQ:
-	    c.elem (i, j) = a.elem (i, j) == b.elem (i, j);
+	    c (i, j) = a (i, j) == b (i, j);
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_GE:
-	    c.elem (i, j) = a.elem (i, j) >= b.elem (i, j);
+	    c (i, j) = a (i, j) >= b (i, j);
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_GT:
-	    c.elem (i, j) = a.elem (i, j) >  b.elem (i, j);
+	    c (i, j) = a (i, j) >  b (i, j);
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_NE:
-	    c.elem (i, j) = a.elem (i, j) != b.elem (i, j);
+	    c (i, j) = a (i, j) != b (i, j);
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_AND:
-	    c.elem (i, j) = a.elem (i, j) && b.elem (i, j);
+	    c (i, j) = a (i, j) && b (i, j);
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_OR:
-	    c.elem (i, j) = a.elem (i, j) || b.elem (i, j);
+	    c (i, j) = a (i, j) || b (i, j);
 	    break;
 
 	  default:
@@ -547,35 +547,35 @@
 	switch (op)
 	  {
 	  case Matrix_LT:
-	    c.elem (i, j) = a.elem (i, j) <  real (b.elem (i, j));
+	    c (i, j) = a (i, j) <  real (b (i, j));
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_LE:
-	    c.elem (i, j) = a.elem (i, j) <= real (b.elem (i, j));
+	    c (i, j) = a (i, j) <= real (b (i, j));
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_EQ:
-	    c.elem (i, j) = a.elem (i, j) == b.elem (i, j);
+	    c (i, j) = a (i, j) == b (i, j);
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_GE:
-	    c.elem (i, j) = a.elem (i, j) >= real (b.elem (i, j));
+	    c (i, j) = a (i, j) >= real (b (i, j));
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_GT:
-	    c.elem (i, j) = a.elem (i, j) >  real (b.elem (i, j));
+	    c (i, j) = a (i, j) >  real (b (i, j));
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_NE:
-	    c.elem (i, j) = a.elem (i, j) != b.elem (i, j);
+	    c (i, j) = a (i, j) != b (i, j);
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_AND:
-	    c.elem (i, j) = a.elem (i, j) && (b.elem (i, j) != 0.0);
+	    c (i, j) = a (i, j) && (b (i, j) != 0.0);
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_OR:
-	    c.elem (i, j) = a.elem (i, j) || (b.elem (i, j) != 0.0);
+	    c (i, j) = a (i, j) || (b (i, j) != 0.0);
 	    break;
 
 	  default:
@@ -609,35 +609,35 @@
 	switch (op)
 	  {
 	  case Matrix_LT:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = real (s) < a.elem (i,j);
+	    t (i,j) = real (s) < a (i,j);
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_LE:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = real (s) <= a.elem (i,j);
+	    t (i,j) = real (s) <= a (i,j);
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_EQ:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = s == a.elem (i,j);
+	    t (i,j) = s == a (i,j);
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_GE:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = real (s) >= a.elem (i,j);
+	    t (i,j) = real (s) >= a (i,j);
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_GT:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = real (s) > a.elem (i,j);
+	    t (i,j) = real (s) > a (i,j);
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_NE:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = s != a.elem (i,j);
+	    t (i,j) = s != a (i,j);
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_AND:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = (s != 0.0) && a.elem (i,j);
+	    t (i,j) = (s != 0.0) && a (i,j);
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_OR:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = (s != 0.0) || a.elem (i,j);
+	    t (i,j) = (s != 0.0) || a (i,j);
 	    break;
 
 	  default:
@@ -672,35 +672,35 @@
 	switch (op)
 	  {
 	  case Matrix_LT:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = real (s) < real (a.elem (i,j));
+	    t (i,j) = real (s) < real (a (i,j));
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_LE:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = real (s) <= real (a.elem (i,j));
+	    t (i,j) = real (s) <= real (a (i,j));
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_EQ:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = s == a.elem (i,j);
+	    t (i,j) = s == a (i,j);
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_GE:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = real (s) >= real (a.elem (i,j));
+	    t (i,j) = real (s) >= real (a (i,j));
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_GT:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = real (s) > real (a.elem (i,j));
+	    t (i,j) = real (s) > real (a (i,j));
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_NE:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = s != a.elem (i,j);
+	    t (i,j) = s != a (i,j);
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_AND:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = (s != 0.0) && (a.elem (i,j) != 0.0);
+	    t (i,j) = (s != 0.0) && (a (i,j) != 0.0);
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_OR:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = (s != 0.0) || (a.elem (i,j) != 0.0);
+	    t (i,j) = (s != 0.0) || (a (i,j) != 0.0);
 	    break;
 
 	  default:
@@ -735,35 +735,35 @@
 	switch (op)
 	  {
 	  case Matrix_LT:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = real (a.elem (i,j)) < s;
+	    t (i,j) = real (a (i,j)) < s;
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_LE:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = real (a.elem (i,j)) <= s;
+	    t (i,j) = real (a (i,j)) <= s;
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_EQ:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = a.elem (i,j) == s;
+	    t (i,j) = a (i,j) == s;
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_GE:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = real (a.elem (i,j)) >= s;
+	    t (i,j) = real (a (i,j)) >= s;
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_GT:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = real (a.elem (i,j)) > s;
+	    t (i,j) = real (a (i,j)) > s;
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_NE:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = a.elem (i,j) != s;
+	    t (i,j) = a (i,j) != s;
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_AND:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = (a.elem (i,j) != 0.0) && s;
+	    t (i,j) = (a (i,j) != 0.0) && s;
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_OR:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = (a.elem (i,j) != 0.0) || s;
+	    t (i,j) = (a (i,j) != 0.0) || s;
 	    break;
 
 	  default:
@@ -798,35 +798,35 @@
 	switch (op)
 	  {
 	  case Matrix_LT:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = real (a.elem (i,j)) < real (s);
+	    t (i,j) = real (a (i,j)) < real (s);
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_LE:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = real (a.elem (i,j)) <= real (s);
+	    t (i,j) = real (a (i,j)) <= real (s);
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_EQ:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = a.elem (i,j) == s;
+	    t (i,j) = a (i,j) == s;
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_GE:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = real (a.elem (i,j)) >= real (s);
+	    t (i,j) = real (a (i,j)) >= real (s);
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_GT:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = real (a.elem (i,j)) > real (s);
+	    t (i,j) = real (a (i,j)) > real (s);
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_NE:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = a.elem (i,j) != s;
+	    t (i,j) = a (i,j) != s;
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_AND:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = (a.elem (i,j) != 0.0) && (s != 0.0);
+	    t (i,j) = (a (i,j) != 0.0) && (s != 0.0);
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_OR:
-	    t.elem (i,j) = (a.elem (i,j) != 0.0) || (s != 0.0);
+	    t (i,j) = (a (i,j) != 0.0) || (s != 0.0);
 	    break;
 
 	  default:
@@ -864,35 +864,35 @@
 	switch (op)
 	  {
 	  case Matrix_LT:
-	    c.elem (i, j) = real (a.elem (i, j)) <  b.elem (i, j);
+	    c (i, j) = real (a (i, j)) <  b (i, j);
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_LE:
-	    c.elem (i, j) = real (a.elem (i, j)) <= b.elem (i, j);
+	    c (i, j) = real (a (i, j)) <= b (i, j);
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_EQ:
-	    c.elem (i, j) = a.elem (i, j) == b.elem (i, j);
+	    c (i, j) = a (i, j) == b (i, j);
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_GE:
-	    c.elem (i, j) = real (a.elem (i, j)) >= b.elem (i, j);
+	    c (i, j) = real (a (i, j)) >= b (i, j);
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_GT:
-	    c.elem (i, j) = real (a.elem (i, j)) >  b.elem (i, j);
+	    c (i, j) = real (a (i, j)) >  b (i, j);
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_NE:
-	    c.elem (i, j) = a.elem (i, j) != b.elem (i, j);
+	    c (i, j) = a (i, j) != b (i, j);
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_AND:
-	    c.elem (i, j) = (a.elem (i, j) != 0.0)  && b.elem (i, j);
+	    c (i, j) = (a (i, j) != 0.0)  && b (i, j);
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_OR:
-	    c.elem (i, j) = (a.elem (i, j) != 0.0) || b.elem (i, j);
+	    c (i, j) = (a (i, j) != 0.0) || b (i, j);
 	    break;
 
 	  default:
@@ -930,35 +930,35 @@
 	switch (op)
 	  {
 	  case Matrix_LT:
-	    c.elem (i, j) = real (a.elem (i, j)) <  real (b.elem (i, j));
+	    c (i, j) = real (a (i, j)) <  real (b (i, j));
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_LE:
-	    c.elem (i, j) = real (a.elem (i, j)) <= real (b.elem (i, j));
+	    c (i, j) = real (a (i, j)) <= real (b (i, j));
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_EQ:
-	    c.elem (i, j) = a.elem (i, j) == b.elem (i, j);
+	    c (i, j) = a (i, j) == b (i, j);
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_GE:
-	    c.elem (i, j) = real (a.elem (i, j)) >= real (b.elem (i, j));
+	    c (i, j) = real (a (i, j)) >= real (b (i, j));
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_GT:
-	    c.elem (i, j) = real (a.elem (i, j)) >  real (b.elem (i, j));
+	    c (i, j) = real (a (i, j)) >  real (b (i, j));
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_NE:
-	    c.elem (i, j) = a.elem (i, j) != b.elem (i, j);
+	    c (i, j) = a (i, j) != b (i, j);
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_AND:
-	    c.elem (i, j) = (a.elem (i, j) != 0.0) && (b.elem (i, j) != 0.0);
+	    c (i, j) = (a (i, j) != 0.0) && (b (i, j) != 0.0);
 	    break;
 
 	  case Matrix_OR:
-	    c.elem (i, j) = (a.elem (i, j) != 0.0) || (b.elem (i, j) != 0.0);
+	    c (i, j) = (a (i, j) != 0.0) || (b (i, j) != 0.0);
 	    break;
 
 	  default:
--- a/src/balance.cc	Mon Jun 24 19:44:01 1996 +0000
+++ b/src/balance.cc	Tue Jul 09 16:20:40 1996 +0000
@@ -201,8 +201,8 @@
 	    for (int i = 0; i < a_nr; i++)
 	      for (int j = 0; j < a_nc; j++)
 		{
-		  aa.elem (i, j) = abs (caa.elem (i, j));
-		  bb.elem (i, j) = abs (cbb.elem (i, j));
+		  aa (i, j) = abs (caa (i, j));
+		  bb (i, j) = abs (cbb (i, j));
 		}
 	  }
 
--- a/src/dassl.cc	Mon Jun 24 19:44:01 1996 +0000
+++ b/src/dassl.cc	Tue Jul 09 16:20:40 1996 +0000
@@ -62,8 +62,8 @@
       Matrix m2 (nstates, 1);
       for (int i = 0; i < nstates; i++)
 	{
-	  m1 (i, 0) = x.elem (i);
-	  m2 (i, 0) = xdot.elem (i);
+	  m1 (i, 0) = x (i);
+	  m2 (i, 0) = xdot (i);
 	}
       octave_value state (m1);
       octave_value deriv (m2);
@@ -72,8 +72,8 @@
     }
   else
     {
-      double d1 = x.elem (0);
-      double d2 = xdot.elem (0);
+      double d1 = x (0);
+      double d2 = xdot (0);
       octave_value state (d1);
       octave_value deriv (d2);
       args(1) = deriv;
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@
       return retval;
     }
 
-  double tzero = out_times.elem (0);
+  double tzero = out_times (0);
 
   DAEFunc func (dassl_user_function);
   DASSL dae (state, deriv, tzero, func);
--- a/src/data.cc	Mon Jun 24 19:44:01 1996 +0000
+++ b/src/data.cc	Tue Jul 09 16:20:40 1996 +0000
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@
 
   for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
     for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
-      retval.elem (i, j) = f (x, y.elem (i, j));
+      retval (i, j) = f (x, y (i, j));
 
   return retval;
 }
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@
 
   for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
     for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
-      retval.elem (i, j) = f (x.elem (i, j), y);
+      retval (i, j) = f (x (i, j), y);
 
   return retval;
 }
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@
 
   for (int j = 0; j < x_nc; j++)
     for (int i = 0; i < x_nr; i++)
-      retval.elem (i, j) = f (x.elem (i, j), y.elem (i, j));
+      retval (i, j) = f (x (i, j), y (i, j));
 
   return retval;
 }
@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@
       int n = nc + ABS (k);
       Matrix m (n, n, 0.0);
       for (int i = 0; i < nc; i++)
-	m.elem (i+roff, i+coff) = v.elem (0, i);
+	m (i+roff, i+coff) = v (0, i);
       retval = octave_value (m);
     }
   else
@@ -342,7 +342,7 @@
       int n = nr + ABS (k);
       Matrix m (n, n, 0.0);
       for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
-	m.elem (i+roff, i+coff) = v.elem (i, 0);
+	m (i+roff, i+coff) = v (i, 0);
       retval = octave_value (m);
     }
 
@@ -376,7 +376,7 @@
       int n = nc + ABS (k);
       ComplexMatrix m (n, n, 0.0);
       for (int i = 0; i < nc; i++)
-	m.elem (i+roff, i+coff) = v.elem (0, i);
+	m (i+roff, i+coff) = v (0, i);
       retval = octave_value (m);
     }
   else
@@ -384,7 +384,7 @@
       int n = nr + ABS (k);
       ComplexMatrix m (n, n, 0.0);
       for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
-	m.elem (i+roff, i+coff) = v.elem (i, 0);
+	m (i+roff, i+coff) = v (i, 0);
       retval = octave_value (m);
     }
 
@@ -475,13 +475,13 @@
 	  else if (k > 0)
 	    {
 	      Matrix m (n, n, 0.0);
-	      m.elem (0, k) = d;
+	      m (0, k) = d;
 	      retval = m;
 	    }
 	  else if (k < 0)
 	    {
 	      Matrix m (n, n, 0.0);
-	      m.elem (-k, 0) = d;
+	      m (-k, 0) = d;
 	      retval = m;
 	    }
 	}
@@ -516,13 +516,13 @@
 	  else if (k > 0)
 	    {
 	      ComplexMatrix m (n, n, 0.0);
-	      m.elem (0, k) = c;
+	      m (0, k) = c;
 	      retval = m;
 	    }
 	  else if (k < 0)
 	    {
 	      ComplexMatrix m (n, n, 0.0);
-	      m.elem (-k, 0) = c;
+	      m (-k, 0) = c;
 	      retval = m;
 	    }
 	}
@@ -626,8 +626,8 @@
       if (nargout == 0 || nargout == 1)
 	{
 	  Matrix m (1, 2);
-	  m.elem (0, 0) = nr;
-	  m.elem (0, 1) = nc;
+	  m (0, 0) = nr;
+	  m (0, 1) = nc;
 	  retval = m;
 	}
       else if (nargout == 2)
@@ -845,8 +845,8 @@
 	  if (error_state)
 	    return;
 
-	  nr = NINT (v.elem (0));
-	  nc = NINT (v.elem (1));
+	  nr = NINT (v (0));
+	  nc = NINT (v (1));
 	}
       else
 	warning ("%s (A): use %s (size (A)) instead", warn_for, warn_for);
@@ -970,7 +970,7 @@
     {
       int n = MIN (nr, nc);
       for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
-	m.elem (i, i) = 1.0;
+	m (i, i) = 1.0;
     }
 
   return m;
@@ -991,7 +991,7 @@
     {
       int n = MIN (nr, nc);
       for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
-	m.elem (i, i) = 1.0;
+	m (i, i) = 1.0;
     }
 
   return m;
--- a/src/filter.cc	Mon Jun 24 19:44:01 1996 +0000
+++ b/src/filter.cc	Tue Jul 09 16:20:40 1996 +0000
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@
       return y;
     }
 
-  T norm = a.elem (0);
+  T norm = a (0);
 
   if (norm == 0.0)
     {
@@ -87,41 +87,41 @@
 
       for (int i = 0; i < x_len; i++)
 	{
-	  y.elem (i) = si.elem (0) + b.elem (0) * x.elem (i);
+	  y (i) = si (0) + b (0) * x (i);
 
 	  if (si_len > 1)
 	    {
 	      for (int j = 0; j < si_len - 1; j++)
-		si.elem (j) = si.elem (j+1) - a.elem (j+1) * y.elem (i)
-		  + b.elem (j+1) * x.elem (i);
+		si (j) = si (j+1) - a (j+1) * y (i)
+		  + b (j+1) * x (i);
 
-	      si.elem (si_len-1) = b.elem (si_len) * x.elem (i)
-		- a.elem (si_len) * y.elem (i);
+	      si (si_len-1) = b (si_len) * x (i)
+		- a (si_len) * y (i);
 	    }
 	  else
-	    si.elem (0) = b.elem (si_len) * x.elem (i)
-	      - a.elem (si_len) * y.elem (i);
+	    si (0) = b (si_len) * x (i)
+	      - a (si_len) * y (i);
 	}
     }
   else if (si_len > 0)
     {
       for (int i = 0; i < x_len; i++)
 	{
-	  y.elem (i) = si.elem (0) + b.elem (0) * x.elem (i);
+	  y (i) = si (0) + b (0) * x (i);
 
 	  if (si_len > 1)
 	    {
 	      for (int j = 0; j < si_len - 1; j++)
-		si.elem (j) = si.elem (j+1) + b.elem (j+1) * x.elem (i);
+		si (j) = si (j+1) + b (j+1) * x (i);
 
-	      si.elem (si_len-1) = b.elem (si_len) * x.elem (i);
+	      si (si_len-1) = b (si_len) * x (i);
 	    }
 	  else
-	    si.elem (0) = b.elem (1) * x.elem (i);
+	    si (0) = b (1) * x (i);
 	}
     }
   else
-    y = b.elem (0) * x;
+    y = b (0) * x;
 
   return y;
 }
--- a/src/find.cc	Mon Jun 24 19:44:01 1996 +0000
+++ b/src/find.cc	Tue Jul 09 16:20:40 1996 +0000
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@
   int i, j;
   for (j = 0; j < m_nc; j++)
     for (i = 0; i < m_nr; i++)
-      if (m.elem (i, j) != 0.0)
+      if (m (i, j) != 0.0)
 	count++;
 
   octave_value_list retval (((nargout == 0) ? 1 : nargout), Matrix ());
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@
   for (j = 0; j < m_nc; j++)
     for (i = 0; i < m_nr; i++)
       {
-	double d = m.elem (i, j);
+	double d = m (i, j);
 	if (d != 0.0)
 	  {
 	    i_idx (count) = i + 1;
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@
   int i, j;
   for (j = 0; j < m_nc; j++)
     for (i = 0; i < m_nr; i++)
-      if (m.elem (i, j) != 0.0)
+      if (m (i, j) != 0.0)
 	count++;
 
   octave_value_list retval (((nargout == 0) ? 1 : nargout), Matrix ());
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@
   for (j = 0; j < m_nc; j++)
     for (i = 0; i < m_nr; i++)
       {
-	Complex c = m.elem (i, j);
+	Complex c = m (i, j);
 	if (c != 0.0)
 	  {
 	    i_idx (count) = i + 1;
--- a/src/fsolve.cc	Mon Jun 24 19:44:01 1996 +0000
+++ b/src/fsolve.cc	Tue Jul 09 16:20:40 1996 +0000
@@ -92,13 +92,13 @@
     {
       Matrix m (n, 1);
       for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
-	m (i, 0) = x.elem (i);
+	m (i, 0) = x (i);
       octave_value vars (m);
       args(0) = vars;
     }
   else
     {
-      double d = x.elem (0);
+      double d = x (0);
       octave_value vars (d);
       args(0) = vars;
     }
--- a/src/load-save.cc	Mon Jun 24 19:44:01 1996 +0000
+++ b/src/load-save.cc	Tue Jul 09 16:20:40 1996 +0000
@@ -1145,7 +1145,7 @@
 
       for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
 	for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
-	  ctmp.elem (i, j) = Complex (re.elem (i, j), im.elem (i, j));
+	  ctmp (i, j) = Complex (re (i, j), im (i, j));
 
       tc = ctmp;
     }
@@ -1823,11 +1823,11 @@
     {
       for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
 	{
-	  double d = m.elem (i, j);
+	  double d = m (i, j);
 	  if (xisnan (d))
 	    goto next_row;
 	  else
-	    retval.elem (k, j) = xisinf (d) ? (d > 0 ? OCT_RBV : -OCT_RBV) : d;
+	    retval (k, j) = xisinf (d) ? (d > 0 ? OCT_RBV : -OCT_RBV) : d;
 	}
       k++;
 
@@ -1854,7 +1854,7 @@
     {
       for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
 	{
-	  Complex c = m.elem (i, j);
+	  Complex c = m (i, j);
 	  if (xisnan (c))
 	    goto next_row;
 	  else
@@ -1865,7 +1865,7 @@
 	      re = xisinf (re) ? (re > 0 ? OCT_RBV : -OCT_RBV) : re;
 	      im = xisinf (im) ? (im > 0 ? OCT_RBV : -OCT_RBV) : im;
 
-	      retval.elem (k, j) = Complex (re, im);
+	      retval (k, j) = Complex (re, im);
 	    }
 	}
       k++;
--- a/src/log.cc	Mon Jun 24 19:44:01 1996 +0000
+++ b/src/log.cc	Tue Jul 09 16:20:40 1996 +0000
@@ -93,11 +93,11 @@
 
 	      for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
 		{
-		  Complex elt = lambda.elem (i);
+		  Complex elt = lambda (i);
 		  if (imag (elt) == 0.0 && real (elt) > 0.0)
-		    lambda.elem (i) = log (real (elt));
+		    lambda (i) = log (real (elt));
 		  else
-		    lambda.elem (i) = log (elt);
+		    lambda (i) = log (elt);
 		}
 
 	      ComplexDiagMatrix D (lambda);
@@ -126,11 +126,11 @@
 
 	      for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
 		{
-		  Complex elt = lambda.elem (i);
+		  Complex elt = lambda (i);
 		  if (imag (elt) == 0.0 && real (elt) > 0.0)
-		    lambda.elem (i) = log (real (elt));
+		    lambda (i) = log (real (elt));
 		  else
-		    lambda.elem (i) = log (elt);
+		    lambda (i) = log (elt);
 		}
 
 	      ComplexDiagMatrix D (lambda);
@@ -205,11 +205,11 @@
 
 	      for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
 		{
-		  Complex elt = lambda.elem (i);
+		  Complex elt = lambda (i);
 		  if (imag (elt) == 0.0 && real (elt) > 0.0)
-		    lambda.elem (i) = sqrt (real (elt));
+		    lambda (i) = sqrt (real (elt));
 		  else
-		    lambda.elem (i) = sqrt (elt);
+		    lambda (i) = sqrt (elt);
 		}
 
 	      ComplexDiagMatrix D (lambda);
@@ -238,11 +238,11 @@
 
 	      for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
 		{
-		  Complex elt = lambda.elem (i);
+		  Complex elt = lambda (i);
 		  if (imag (elt) == 0.0 && real (elt) > 0.0)
-		    lambda.elem (i) = sqrt (real (elt));
+		    lambda (i) = sqrt (real (elt));
 		  else
-		    lambda.elem (i) = sqrt (elt);
+		    lambda (i) = sqrt (elt);
 		}
 
 	      ComplexDiagMatrix D (lambda);
--- a/src/lsode.cc	Mon Jun 24 19:44:01 1996 +0000
+++ b/src/lsode.cc	Tue Jul 09 16:20:40 1996 +0000
@@ -58,13 +58,13 @@
     {
       Matrix m (nstates, 1);
       for (int i = 0; i < nstates; i++)
-	m (i, 0) = x.elem (i);
+	m (i, 0) = x (i);
       octave_value state (m);
       args(0) = state;
     }
   else
     {
-      double d = x.elem (0);
+      double d = x (0);
       octave_value state (d);
       args(0) = state;
     }
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@
       crit_times_set = 1;
     }
 
-  double tzero = out_times.elem (0);
+  double tzero = out_times (0);
   int nsteps = out_times.capacity ();
 
   ODEFunc func (lsode_user_function);
--- a/src/minmax.cc	Mon Jun 24 19:44:01 1996 +0000
+++ b/src/minmax.cc	Tue Jul 09 16:20:40 1996 +0000
@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@
   for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
     for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
       {
-	double m_elem = m.elem (i, j);
-	result.elem (i, j) = MIN (d, m_elem);
+	double m_elem = m (i, j);
+	result (i, j) = MIN (d, m_elem);
       }
 
   return result;
@@ -72,8 +72,8 @@
   for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
     for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
       {
-	double m_elem = m.elem (i, j);
-	result.elem (i, j) = MIN (m_elem, d);
+	double m_elem = m (i, j);
+	result (i, j) = MIN (m_elem, d);
       }
 
   return result;
@@ -93,11 +93,11 @@
     {
       for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
 	{
-	  double abs_m_elem = abs (m.elem (i, j));
+	  double abs_m_elem = abs (m (i, j));
 	  if (abs_c < abs_m_elem)
-	    result.elem (i, j) = c;
+	    result (i, j) = c;
 	  else
-	    result.elem (i, j) = m.elem (i, j);
+	    result (i, j) = m (i, j);
 	}
     }
 
@@ -117,11 +117,11 @@
   for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
     for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
       {
-	double abs_m_elem = abs (m.elem (i, j));
+	double abs_m_elem = abs (m (i, j));
 	if (abs_m_elem < abs_c)
-	  result.elem (i, j) = m.elem (i, j);
+	  result (i, j) = m (i, j);
 	else
-	  result.elem (i, j) = c;
+	  result (i, j) = c;
       }
 
   return result;
@@ -143,9 +143,9 @@
   for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
     for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
       {
-	double a_elem = a.elem (i, j);
-	double b_elem = b.elem (i, j);
-	result.elem (i, j) = MIN (a_elem, b_elem);
+	double a_elem = a (i, j);
+	double b_elem = b (i, j);
+	result (i, j) = MIN (a_elem, b_elem);
       }
 
   return result;
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@
     {
       int columns_are_real_only = 1;
       for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
-	if (imag (a.elem (i, j)) != 0.0 && imag (b.elem (i, j)) != 0.0)
+	if (imag (a (i, j)) != 0.0 && imag (b (i, j)) != 0.0)
 	  {
 	    columns_are_real_only = 0;
 	    break;
@@ -178,24 +178,24 @@
 	{
 	  for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
 	    {
-	      double a_elem = real (a.elem (i, j));
-	      double b_elem = real (b.elem (i, j));
+	      double a_elem = real (a (i, j));
+	      double b_elem = real (b (i, j));
 	      if (a_elem < b_elem)
-		result.elem (i, j) = a_elem;
+		result (i, j) = a_elem;
 	      else
-		result.elem (i, j) = b_elem;
+		result (i, j) = b_elem;
 	    }
 	}
       else
 	{
 	  for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
 	    {
-	      double abs_a_elem = abs (a.elem (i, j));
-	      double abs_b_elem = abs (b.elem (i, j));
+	      double abs_a_elem = abs (a (i, j));
+	      double abs_b_elem = abs (b (i, j));
 	      if (abs_a_elem < abs_b_elem)
-		result.elem (i, j) = a.elem (i, j);
+		result (i, j) = a (i, j);
 	      else
-		result.elem (i, j) = b.elem (i, j);
+		result (i, j) = b (i, j);
 	    }
 	}
     }
@@ -214,8 +214,8 @@
   for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
     for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
       {
-	double m_elem = m.elem (i, j);
-	result.elem (i, j) = MAX (d, m_elem);
+	double m_elem = m (i, j);
+	result (i, j) = MAX (d, m_elem);
       }
 
   return result;
@@ -232,8 +232,8 @@
   for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
     for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
       {
-	double m_elem = m.elem (i, j);
-	result.elem (i, j) = MAX (m_elem, d);
+	double m_elem = m (i, j);
+	result (i, j) = MAX (m_elem, d);
       }
 
   return result;
@@ -252,11 +252,11 @@
   for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
     for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
       {
-	double abs_m_elem = abs (m.elem (i, j));
+	double abs_m_elem = abs (m (i, j));
 	if (abs_c > abs_m_elem)
-	  result.elem (i, j) = c;
+	  result (i, j) = c;
 	else
-	  result.elem (i, j) = m.elem (i, j);
+	  result (i, j) = m (i, j);
       }
 
   return result;
@@ -275,11 +275,11 @@
   for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
     for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
       {
-	double abs_m_elem = abs (m.elem (i, j));
+	double abs_m_elem = abs (m (i, j));
 	if (abs_m_elem > abs_c)
-	  result.elem (i, j) = m.elem (i, j);
+	  result (i, j) = m (i, j);
 	else
-	  result.elem (i, j) = c;
+	  result (i, j) = c;
       }
 
   return result;
@@ -301,9 +301,9 @@
   for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
     for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
       {
-	double a_elem = a.elem (i, j);
-	double b_elem = b.elem (i, j);
-	result.elem (i, j) = MAX (a_elem, b_elem);
+	double a_elem = a (i, j);
+	double b_elem = b (i, j);
+	result (i, j) = MAX (a_elem, b_elem);
       }
 
   return result;
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@
     {
       int columns_are_real_only = 1;
       for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
-	if (imag (a.elem (i, j)) != 0.0 && imag (b.elem (i, j)) != 0.0)
+	if (imag (a (i, j)) != 0.0 && imag (b (i, j)) != 0.0)
 	  {
 	    columns_are_real_only = 0;
 	    break;
@@ -336,24 +336,24 @@
 	{
 	  for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
 	    {
-	      double a_elem = real (a.elem (i, j));
-	      double b_elem = real (b.elem (i, j));
+	      double a_elem = real (a (i, j));
+	      double b_elem = real (b (i, j));
 	      if (a_elem > b_elem)
-		result.elem (i, j) = a_elem;
+		result (i, j) = a_elem;
 	      else
-		result.elem (i, j) = b_elem;
+		result (i, j) = b_elem;
 	    }
 	}
       else
 	{
 	  for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
 	    {
-	      double abs_a_elem = abs (a.elem (i, j));
-	      double abs_b_elem = abs (b.elem (i, j));
+	      double abs_a_elem = abs (a (i, j));
+	      double abs_b_elem = abs (b (i, j));
 	      if (abs_a_elem > abs_b_elem)
-		result.elem (i, j) = a.elem (i, j);
+		result (i, j) = a (i, j);
 	      else
-		result.elem (i, j) = b.elem (i, j);
+		result (i, j) = b (i, j);
 	    }
 	}
     }
--- a/src/npsol.cc	Mon Jun 24 19:44:01 1996 +0000
+++ b/src/npsol.cc	Tue Jul 09 16:20:40 1996 +0000
@@ -58,12 +58,12 @@
     {
       Matrix m (n, 1);
       for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
-	m (i, 0) = x.elem (i);
+	m (i, 0) = x (i);
       decision_vars = m;
     }
   else
     {
-      double d = x.elem (0);
+      double d = x (0);
       decision_vars = d;
     }
 
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@
     {
       Matrix m = objective_value.matrix_value ();
       if (m.rows () == 1 && m.columns () == 1)
-	retval = m.elem (0, 0);
+	retval = m (0, 0);
       else
 	{
 	  gripe_user_returned_invalid ("npsol_objective");
@@ -131,12 +131,12 @@
     {
       Matrix m (n, 1);
       for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
-	m (i, 0) = x.elem (i);
+	m (i, 0) = x (i);
       decision_vars = m;
     }
   else
     {
-      double d = x.elem (0);
+      double d = x (0);
       decision_vars = d;
     }
 
--- a/src/oct-stream.cc	Mon Jun 24 19:44:01 1996 +0000
+++ b/src/oct-stream.cc	Tue Jul 09 16:20:40 1996 +0000
@@ -114,19 +114,19 @@
 
   if (size.rows () == 1 && size.cols () > 0)
     {
-      dnr = size.elem (0, 0);
+      dnr = size (0, 0);
 
       if (size.cols () == 2)
-	dnc = size.elem (0, 1);
+	dnc = size (0, 1);
       else if (size.cols () > 2)
 	::error ("%s: invalid size specification", warn_for);
     }
   else if (size.cols () == 1 && size.rows () > 0)
     {
-      dnr = size.elem (0, 0);
+      dnr = size (0, 0);
 
       if (size.rows () == 2)
-	dnc = size.elem (1, 0);
+	dnc = size (1, 0);
       else if (size.rows () > 2)
 	::error ("%s: invalid size specification", warn_for);
     }
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@
 
   for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
     {
-      scanf_format_elt *elt = list.elem (i);
+      scanf_format_elt *elt = list (i);
       delete elt;
     }	
 }
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@
 	      if (num_elts == list.length ())
 		list.resize (2 * num_elts);
 
-	      list.elem (num_elts++) = elt;
+	      list (num_elts++) = elt;
 	    }
 	  else
 	    delete [] text;
@@ -395,7 +395,7 @@
 
   for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
     {
-      scanf_format_elt *elt = list.elem (i);
+      scanf_format_elt *elt = list (i);
 
       cerr << elt->width << "\t"
 	   << elt->discard << "\t"
@@ -414,7 +414,7 @@
     {
       for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
 	{
-	  scanf_format_elt *elt = list.elem (i);
+	  scanf_format_elt *elt = list (i);
 
 	  switch (elt->type)
 	    {
@@ -442,7 +442,7 @@
     {
       for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
 	{
-	  scanf_format_elt *elt = list.elem (i);
+	  scanf_format_elt *elt = list (i);
 
 	  switch (elt->type)
 	    {
@@ -522,7 +522,7 @@
 
   for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
     {
-      printf_format_elt *elt = list.elem (i);
+      printf_format_elt *elt = list (i);
       delete elt;
     }	
 }
@@ -547,7 +547,7 @@
 	      if (num_elts == list.length ())
 		list.resize (2 * num_elts);
 
-	      list.elem (num_elts++) = elt;
+	      list (num_elts++) = elt;
 	    }
 	  else
 	    delete [] text;
@@ -706,7 +706,7 @@
 
   for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
     {
-      printf_format_elt *elt = list.elem (i);
+      printf_format_elt *elt = list (i);
 
       cerr << elt->args<< "\t"
 	   << elt->type << "\t"
@@ -2669,11 +2669,11 @@
 
       for (int i = 0; i < curr_len; i++)
 	{
-	  octave_stream *tmp = list.elem (i);
+	  octave_stream *tmp = list (i);
 
 	  if (! tmp)
 	    {
-	      list.elem (i) = os;
+	      list (i) = os;
 	      retval = i;
 	      break;
 	    }
@@ -2686,7 +2686,7 @@
 	  if (curr_len == total_len)
 	    list.resize (total_len * 2);
 
-	  list.elem (curr_len) = os;
+	  list (curr_len) = os;
 	  retval = curr_len;
 	  curr_len++;
 	}
@@ -2719,7 +2719,7 @@
   octave_stream *retval = 0;
 
   if (fid >= 0 && fid < curr_len)
-    retval = list.elem (fid);
+    retval = list (fid);
 
   return retval;
 }
@@ -2768,12 +2768,12 @@
 
   if (fid > 2 && fid < curr_len)
     {
-      octave_stream *os = list.elem (fid);
+      octave_stream *os = list (fid);
 
       if (os)
 	{
 	  delete os;
-	  list.elem (fid) = 0;
+	  list (fid) = 0;
 	  retval = 0;
 	}
     }
@@ -2821,18 +2821,18 @@
 {
   // Do flush stdout and stderr.
 
-  list.elem (0) -> flush ();
-  list.elem (1) -> flush ();
+  list (0) -> flush ();
+  list (1) -> flush ();
 
   // But don't delete them or stdin.
 
   for (int i = 3; i < curr_len; i++)
     {
-      octave_stream *os = list.elem (i);
+      octave_stream *os = list (i);
 
       delete os;
 
-      list.elem (i) = 0;
+      list (i) = 0;
     }
 }
 
@@ -2918,7 +2918,7 @@
 
   for (int i = 0; i < curr_len; i++)
     {
-      octave_stream *os = list.elem (i);
+      octave_stream *os = list (i);
 
       if (os)
 	{
@@ -2964,7 +2964,7 @@
 
   for (int i = 3; i < curr_len; i++)
     {
-      if (list.elem (i))
+      if (list (i))
 	retval (0, num_open++) = i;
     }
 
@@ -2997,7 +2997,7 @@
 
       for (int i = 3; i < curr_len; i++)
 	{
-	  octave_stream *os = list.elem (i);
+	  octave_stream *os = list (i);
 
 	  if (os && os->name () == nm)
 	    {
--- a/src/pr-output.cc	Mon Jun 24 19:44:01 1996 +0000
+++ b/src/pr-output.cc	Tue Jul 09 16:20:40 1996 +0000
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@
   int nc = a.columns ();
   for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
     for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
-      if (a.elem (i, j) < 0.0)
+      if (a (i, j) < 0.0)
 	return 1;
   return 0;
 }
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@
   for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
     for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
       {
-	double val = a.elem (i, j);
+	double val = a (i, j);
 	if (xisinf (val) || xisnan (val))
 	  return 1;
       }
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@
   for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
     for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
       {
-	Complex val = a.elem (i, j);
+	Complex val = a (i, j);
 	if (xisinf (val) || xisnan (val))
 	  return 1;
       }
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@
   for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
     for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
       {
-	double val = a.elem (i, j);
+	double val = a (i, j);
 	if (xisnan (val) || D_NINT (val) == val)
 	  continue;
 	else
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@
   Matrix retval (nr, nc);
   for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
     for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
-      retval.elem (i, j) = fabs (a.elem (i, j));
+      retval (i, j) = fabs (a (i, j));
   return retval;
 }
 
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@
   for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
     for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
       {
-	double val = m.elem (i, j);
+	double val = m (i, j);
 	if (xisinf (val) || xisnan (val))
 	  continue;
 
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@
   for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
     for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
       {
-	double val = m.elem (i, j);
+	double val = m (i, j);
 	if (xisinf (val) || xisnan (val))
 	  continue;
 
@@ -1191,7 +1191,7 @@
 	      if (j == 0)
 		os << "  ";
 
-	      if (m.elem (i, j) == 0.0)
+	      if (m (i, j) == 0.0)
 		os << " ";
 	      else
 		os << "+";
@@ -1257,7 +1257,7 @@
 			    os << "  ";
 			}
 
-		      pr_float (os, m.elem (i, j));
+		      pr_float (os, m (i, j));
 		    }
 
 		  col += inc;
@@ -1291,7 +1291,7 @@
 		    {
 		      os << "  ";
 
-		      pr_float (os, m.elem (i, j), fw);
+		      pr_float (os, m (i, j), fw);
 		    }
 
 		  os << "\n";
@@ -1343,7 +1343,7 @@
 	      if (j == 0)
 		os << "  ";
 
-	      if (cm.elem (i, j) == 0.0)
+	      if (cm (i, j) == 0.0)
 		os << " ";
 	      else
 		os << "+";
@@ -1410,7 +1410,7 @@
 			    os << "  ";
 			}
 
-		      pr_complex (os, cm.elem (i, j));
+		      pr_complex (os, cm (i, j));
 		    }
 
 		  col += inc;
@@ -1444,7 +1444,7 @@
 		    {
 		      os << "  ";
 
-		      pr_complex (os, cm.elem (i, j));
+		      pr_complex (os, cm (i, j));
 		    }
 		  os << "\n";
 		}
--- a/src/pt-const.cc	Mon Jun 24 19:44:01 1996 +0000
+++ b/src/pt-const.cc	Tue Jul 09 16:20:40 1996 +0000
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@
 
   for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
     for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
-      if (imag (a.elem (i, j)) != 0.0)
+      if (imag (a (i, j)) != 0.0)
 	return true;
 
   return false;
@@ -485,7 +485,7 @@
 {
   if (m.rows () == 1 && m.columns () == 1)
     {
-      scalar = m.elem (0, 0);
+      scalar = m (0, 0);
       type_tag = scalar_constant;
     }
   else
@@ -499,7 +499,7 @@
 {
   if (d.rows () == 1 && d.columns () == 1)
     {
-      scalar = d.elem (0, 0);
+      scalar = d (0, 0);
       type_tag = scalar_constant;
     }
   else
@@ -514,7 +514,7 @@
   int len = v.capacity ();
   if (len == 1)
     {
-      scalar = v.elem (0);
+      scalar = v (0);
       type_tag = scalar_constant;
     }
   else
@@ -527,7 +527,7 @@
 	{
 	  Matrix m (len, 1);
 	  for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
-	    m.elem (i, 0) = v.elem (i);
+	    m (i, 0) = v (i);
 	  matrix = new Matrix (m);
 	  type_tag = matrix_constant;
 	}
@@ -535,7 +535,7 @@
 	{
 	  Matrix m (1, len);
 	  for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
-	    m.elem (0, i) = v.elem (i);
+	    m (0, i) = v (i);
 	  matrix = new Matrix (m);
 	  type_tag = matrix_constant;
 	}
@@ -547,7 +547,7 @@
   int len = v.capacity ();
   if (len == 1)
     {
-      scalar = v.elem (0);
+      scalar = v (0);
       type_tag = scalar_constant;
     }
   else
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
 	{
 	  Matrix m (len, 1);
 	  for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
-	    m.elem (i, 0) = v.elem (i);
+	    m (i, 0) = v (i);
 	  matrix = new Matrix (m);
 	  type_tag = matrix_constant;
 	}
@@ -568,7 +568,7 @@
 	{
 	  Matrix m (1, len);
 	  for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
-	    m.elem (0, i) = v.elem (i);
+	    m (0, i) = v (i);
 	  matrix = new Matrix (m);
 	  type_tag = matrix_constant;
 	}
@@ -593,7 +593,7 @@
 {
   if (m.rows () == 1 && m.columns () == 1)
     {
-      Complex c = m.elem (0, 0);
+      Complex c = m (0, 0);
 
       if (::imag (c) == 0.0)
 	{
@@ -617,7 +617,7 @@
 {
   if (d.rows () == 1 && d.columns () == 1)
     {
-      Complex c = d.elem (0, 0);
+      Complex c = d (0, 0);
 
       if (::imag (c) == 0.0)
 	{
@@ -643,7 +643,7 @@
   int len = v.capacity ();
   if (len == 1)
     {
-      Complex c = v.elem (0);
+      Complex c = v (0);
 
       if (::imag (c) == 0.0)
 	{
@@ -666,7 +666,7 @@
 	{
 	  ComplexMatrix m (len, 1);
 	  for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
-	    m.elem (i, 0) = v.elem (i);
+	    m (i, 0) = v (i);
 	  complex_matrix = new ComplexMatrix (m);
 	  type_tag = complex_matrix_constant;
 	}
@@ -674,7 +674,7 @@
 	{
 	  ComplexMatrix m (1, len);
 	  for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
-	    m.elem (0, i) = v.elem (i);
+	    m (0, i) = v (i);
 	  complex_matrix = new ComplexMatrix (m);
 	  type_tag = complex_matrix_constant;
 	}
@@ -687,7 +687,7 @@
   int len = v.capacity ();
   if (len == 1)
     {
-      Complex c = v.elem (0);
+      Complex c = v (0);
 
       if (::imag (c) == 0.0)
 	{
@@ -710,7 +710,7 @@
 	{
 	  ComplexMatrix m (len, 1);
 	  for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
-	    m.elem (i, 0) = v.elem (i);
+	    m (i, 0) = v (i);
 	  complex_matrix = new ComplexMatrix (m);
 	  type_tag = complex_matrix_constant;
 	}
@@ -718,7 +718,7 @@
 	{
 	  ComplexMatrix m (1, len);
 	  for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
-	    m.elem (0, i) = v.elem (i);
+	    m (0, i) = v (i);
 	  complex_matrix = new ComplexMatrix (m);
 	  type_tag = complex_matrix_constant;
 	}
@@ -746,7 +746,7 @@
     {
       nc = s[i].length ();
       for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
-	char_matrix->elem (i, j) = s[i][j];
+	(*char_matrix) (i, j) = s[i][j];
     }
   type_tag = char_matrix_constant_str;
 }
@@ -1161,7 +1161,7 @@
 	Matrix m = (matrix->all ()) . all ();
 	retval = (m.rows () == 1
 		  && m.columns () == 1
-		  && m.elem (0, 0) != 0.0);
+		  && m (0, 0) != 0.0);
       }
       break;
 
@@ -1174,7 +1174,7 @@
 	Matrix m = (complex_matrix->all ()) . all ();
 	retval = (m.rows () == 1
 		  && m.columns () == 1
-		  && m.elem (0, 0) != 0.0);
+		  && m (0, 0) != 0.0);
       }
       break;
 
@@ -1208,7 +1208,7 @@
     case matrix_constant:
       {
 	if (Vdo_fortran_indexing && rows () > 0 && columns () > 0)
-	  retval = matrix->elem (0, 0);
+	  retval = (*matrix) (0, 0);
 	else
 	  gripe_invalid_conversion ("real matrix", "real scalar");
       }
@@ -1230,7 +1230,7 @@
 	      {
 		if (Vdo_fortran_indexing
 		    && rows () > 0 && columns () > 0)
-		  retval = ::real (complex_matrix->elem (0, 0));
+		  retval = ::real ((*complex_matrix) (0, 0));
 		else
 		  gripe_invalid_conversion ("complex matrix", "real scalar");
 	      }
@@ -1247,7 +1247,7 @@
 	int len = char_matrix->rows ();
 	if ((char_matrix->rows () == 1 && len == 1)
 	    || (len > 1 && Vdo_fortran_indexing))
-	  retval = toascii ((int) char_matrix->elem (0, 0));
+	  retval = toascii ((int) (*char_matrix) (0, 0));
 	else
 	  gripe_invalid_conversion ("char matrix", "real scalar");
       }
@@ -1266,7 +1266,7 @@
 	if (flag
 	    && ((char_matrix->rows () == 1 && len == 1)
 		|| (len > 1 && Vdo_fortran_indexing)))
-	  retval = toascii ((int) char_matrix->elem (0, 0));
+	  retval = toascii ((int) (*char_matrix) (0, 0));
 	else
 	  gripe_invalid_conversion ("string", "real scalar");
       }
@@ -1379,9 +1379,9 @@
 	if (Vdo_fortran_indexing && rows () > 0 && columns () > 0)
 	  {
 	    if (type_tag == complex_matrix_constant)
-	      retval = complex_matrix->elem (0, 0);
+	      retval = (*complex_matrix) (0, 0);
 	    else
-	      retval = matrix->elem (0, 0);
+	      retval = (*matrix) (0, 0);
 	  }
 	else
 	  gripe_invalid_conversion ("real matrix", "real scalar");
@@ -1393,7 +1393,7 @@
 	int len = char_matrix->cols ();
 	if ((char_matrix->rows () == 1 && len == 1)
 	    || (len > 1 && Vdo_fortran_indexing))
-	  retval = toascii ((int) char_matrix->elem (0, 0));
+	  retval = toascii ((int) (*char_matrix) (0, 0));
 	else
 	  gripe_invalid_conversion ("char matrix", "complex scalar");
       }
@@ -1412,7 +1412,7 @@
 	if (flag
 	    && ((char_matrix->rows () == 1 && len == 1)
 		|| (len > 1 && Vdo_fortran_indexing)))
-	  retval = toascii ((int) char_matrix->elem (0, 0));
+	  retval = toascii ((int) (*char_matrix) (0, 0));
 	else
 	  gripe_invalid_conversion ("string", "complex scalar");
       }
@@ -1599,13 +1599,13 @@
     {
       retval.resize (nc);
       for (int i = 0; i < nc; i++)
-	retval.elem (i) = m (0, i);
+	retval (i) = m (0, i);
     }
   else if (nc == 1)
     {
       retval.resize (nr);
       for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
-	retval.elem (i) = m.elem (i, 0);
+	retval (i) = m (i, 0);
     }
   else if (nr > 0 && nc > 0
 	   && (Vdo_fortran_indexing || force_vector_conversion))
@@ -1614,7 +1614,7 @@
       int k = 0;
       for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
 	for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
-	  retval.elem (k++) = m.elem (i, j);
+	  retval (k++) = m (i, j);
     }
   else
     gripe_invalid_conversion ("real matrix", "real vector");
@@ -1643,13 +1643,13 @@
     {
       retval.resize (nc);
       for (int i = 0; i < nc; i++)
-	retval.elem (i) = m (0, i);
+	retval (i) = m (0, i);
     }
   else if (nc == 1)
     {
       retval.resize (nr);
       for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
-	retval.elem (i) = m.elem (i, 0);
+	retval (i) = m (i, 0);
     }
   else if (nr > 0 && nc > 0
 	   && (Vdo_fortran_indexing || force_vector_conversion))
@@ -1658,7 +1658,7 @@
       int k = 0;
       for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
 	for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
-	  retval.elem (k++) = m.elem (i, j);
+	  retval (k++) = m (i, j);
     }
   else
     gripe_invalid_conversion ("complex matrix", "complex vector");
@@ -1724,7 +1724,7 @@
 		  {
 		    for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
 		      {
-			double d = m.elem (i, j);
+			double d = m (i, j);
 
 			if (xisnan (d))
 			  {
@@ -1737,7 +1737,7 @@
 			    // range conversions?
 
 			    int ival = NINT (d);
-			    chm.elem (i, j) = (char) ival;
+			    chm (i, j) = (char) ival;
 			  }
 		      }
 		  }
@@ -1828,9 +1828,9 @@
       for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
 	{
 	  if (new_nr == 1)
-	    m->elem (0, i) = *cop_out++;
+	    (*m) (0, i) = *cop_out++;
 	  else
-	    m->elem (i, 0) = *cop_out++;
+	    (*m) (i, 0) = *cop_out++;
 	}
 
       delete matrix;
@@ -1845,9 +1845,9 @@
       for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
 	{
 	  if (new_nr == 1)
-	    cm->elem (0, i) = *cop_out++;
+	    (*cm) (0, i) = *cop_out++;
 	  else
-	    cm->elem (i, 0) = *cop_out++;
+	    (*cm) (i, 0) = *cop_out++;
 	}
 
       delete complex_matrix;
@@ -1951,7 +1951,7 @@
 	if (nr == 1 && nc == 1)
 	  {
 	    type_tag = scalar_constant;
-	    double tmp = toascii ((int) char_matrix->elem (0, 0));
+	    double tmp = toascii ((int) (*char_matrix) (0, 0));
 	    delete char_matrix;
 	    scalar = tmp;
 	  }
@@ -1971,8 +1971,8 @@
 	      {
 		for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
 		  {
-		    int c = (int) char_matrix->elem (i, j);
-		    tm->elem (i, j) = toascii (c);
+		    int c = (int) (*char_matrix) (i, j);
+		    (*tm) (i, j) = toascii (c);
 		  }
 	      }
 	    delete char_matrix;
@@ -1993,7 +1993,7 @@
 	    double b = range->base ();
 	    double increment = range->inc ();
 	    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
-	      tm->elem (0, i) = b + i * increment;
+	      (*tm) (0, i) = b + i * increment;
 	    delete range;
 	    matrix = tm;
 	  }
@@ -2223,7 +2223,7 @@
     case matrix_constant:
       if (nr == 1 && nc == 1)
 	{
-	  double d = matrix->elem (0, 0);
+	  double d = (*matrix) (0, 0);
 	  delete matrix;
 	  scalar = d;
 	  type_tag = scalar_constant;
@@ -2233,7 +2233,7 @@
     case complex_matrix_constant:
       if (nr == 1 && nc == 1)
 	{
-	  Complex c = complex_matrix->elem (0, 0);
+	  Complex c = (*complex_matrix) (0, 0);
 	  delete complex_matrix;
 	  complex_scalar = new Complex (c);
 	  type_tag = complex_scalar_constant;
--- a/src/pt-fvc.cc	Mon Jun 24 19:44:01 1996 +0000
+++ b/src/pt-fvc.cc	Tue Jul 09 16:20:40 1996 +0000
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
 
   for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
     for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
-      if (a.elem (i, j) < val)
+      if (a (i, j) < val)
 	return true;
 
   return false;
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@
 
   for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
     for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
-      if (a.elem (i, j) > val)
+      if (a (i, j) > val)
 	return true;
 
   return false;
@@ -669,8 +669,8 @@
 
 		    for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
 		      for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
-			result.elem (i, j)
-			  = (*m_fcn.ch_mapper) (chm.elem (i, j)) ? 1 : 0;
+			result (i, j)
+			  = (*m_fcn.ch_mapper) (chm (i, j)) ? 1 : 0;
 
 		    retval = result;
 		  }
@@ -682,8 +682,8 @@
 
 		    for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
 		      for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
-			result.elem (i, j)
-			  = (*m_fcn.ch_mapper) (chm.elem (i, j));
+			result (i, j)
+			  = (*m_fcn.ch_mapper) (chm (i, j));
 
 		    retval = result;
 		  }
@@ -695,8 +695,8 @@
 
 		    for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
 		      for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
-			result.elem (i, j)
-			  = (*m_fcn.ch_mapper) (chm.elem (i, j));
+			result (i, j)
+			  = (*m_fcn.ch_mapper) (chm (i, j));
 
 		    retval = octave_value (result, true);
 		  }
--- a/src/pt-plot.cc	Mon Jun 24 19:44:01 1996 +0000
+++ b/src/pt-plot.cc	Tue Jul 09 16:20:40 1996 +0000
@@ -479,7 +479,7 @@
 		  return -1;
 		}
 	      else
-		val.elem (i) = n;
+		val (i) = n;
 	    }
 	  else
 	    return -1;
@@ -520,7 +520,7 @@
       else
 	plot_buf << ":";
 
-      plot_buf << val.elem (i);
+      plot_buf << val (i);
     }
 
   return 0;
--- a/src/quad.cc	Mon Jun 24 19:44:01 1996 +0000
+++ b/src/quad.cc	Tue Jul 09 16:20:40 1996 +0000
@@ -196,10 +196,10 @@
       switch (tol.capacity ())
 	{
 	case 2:
-	  reltol = tol.elem (1);
+	  reltol = tol (1);
 
 	case 1:
-	  abstol = tol.elem (0);
+	  abstol = tol (0);
 	  break;
 
 	default:
--- a/src/rand.cc	Mon Jun 24 19:44:01 1996 +0000
+++ b/src/rand.cc	Tue Jul 09 16:20:40 1996 +0000
@@ -234,13 +234,13 @@
 
 	  if (n == 1 && m == 2)
 	    {
-	      n = NINT (a.elem (0, 0));
-	      m = NINT (a.elem (0, 1));
+	      n = NINT (a (0, 0));
+	      m = NINT (a (0, 1));
 	    }
 	  else if (n == 2 && m == 1)
 	    {
-	      n = NINT (a.elem (0, 0));
-	      m = NINT (a.elem (1, 0));
+	      n = NINT (a (0, 0));
+	      m = NINT (a (1, 0));
 	    }
 	  else
 	    warning ("rand (A): use rand (size (A)) instead");
@@ -308,12 +308,12 @@
 	      {
 	      case uniform_dist:
 		F77_FCN (dgenunf, DGENUNF) (0.0, 1.0, val);
-		rand_mat.elem (i, j) = val;
+		rand_mat (i, j) = val;
 		break;
 
 	      case normal_dist:
 		F77_FCN (dgennor, DGENNOR) (0.0, 1.0, val);
-		rand_mat.elem (i, j) = val;
+		rand_mat (i, j) = val;
 		break;
 
 	      default:
--- a/src/sighandlers.cc	Mon Jun 24 19:44:01 1996 +0000
+++ b/src/sighandlers.cc	Tue Jul 09 16:20:40 1996 +0000
@@ -464,11 +464,11 @@
 
   for (int i = 0; i < curr_len; i++)
     {
-      octave_child& tmp = list.elem (i);
+      octave_child& tmp = list (i);
 
       if (tmp.pid < 0)
 	{
-	  list.elem (i) = octave_child (pid, f);
+	  list (i) = octave_child (pid, f);
 	  enlarge = false;
 	  break;
 	}
@@ -486,7 +486,7 @@
 	    list.resize (total_len * 2);
 	}
 
-      list.elem (curr_len) = octave_child (pid, f);
+      list (curr_len) = octave_child (pid, f);
       curr_len++;
     }
 }
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@
 
   for (int i = 0; i < curr_len; i++)
     {
-      octave_child& tmp = list.elem (i);
+      octave_child& tmp = list (i);
 
       if (tmp.pid == pid)
 	{
--- a/src/sort.cc	Mon Jun 24 19:44:01 1996 +0000
+++ b/src/sort.cc	Tue Jul 09 16:20:40 1996 +0000
@@ -43,14 +43,14 @@
 {
   Array<int> l (n+2);
 
-  l.elem (0) = 1;
+  l (0) = 1;
 
   for (int i = 1; i < n - 1; i++)
-    l.elem (i) = -(i+2);
+    l (i) = -(i+2);
 
-  l.elem (n-1) = 0;
-  l.elem (n) = 0;
-  l.elem (n+1) = 2;
+  l (n-1) = 0;
+  l (n) = 0;
+  l (n+1) = 2;
 
   return l;
 }
@@ -58,8 +58,8 @@
 #define SORT_INIT_PHASE(n) \
   int s = 0; \
   int t = n + 1; \
-  int p = l.elem (s); \
-  int q = l.elem (t); \
+  int p = l (s); \
+  int q = l (t); \
   if (q == 0) \
      break
 
@@ -68,46 +68,46 @@
   q = -q; \
   if (q == 0) \
     { \
-      l.elem (s) = (l.elem (s) < 0) \
+      l (s) = (l (s) < 0) \
 	? ((p < 0) ? p : -p) \
 	  : ((p >= 0) ? p : -p); \
-      l.elem (t) = 0; \
+      l (t) = 0; \
       break; \
     } \
 
 #define SORT_REORDER_PHASE_ONE \
-  l.elem (s) = (l.elem (s) < 0) \
+  l (s) = (l (s) < 0) \
     ? ((q < 0) ? q : -q) \
       : ((q >= 0) ? q : -q); \
   s = q; \
-  q = l.elem (q); \
+  q = l (q); \
   if (q <= 0) \
     { \
-      l.elem (s) = p; \
+      l (s) = p; \
       s = t; \
       do \
 	{ \
 	  t = p; \
-	  p = l.elem (p); \
+	  p = l (p); \
 	} \
       while (p > 0); \
       SORT_COMMON_CODE; \
     } \
 
 #define SORT_REORDER_PHASE_TWO \
-  l.elem (s) = (l.elem (s) < 0) \
+  l (s) = (l (s) < 0) \
     ? ((p < 0) ? p : -p) \
       : ((p >= 0) ? p : -p); \
   s = p; \
-  p = l.elem (p); \
+  p = l (p); \
   if (p <= 0) \
     { \
-      l.elem (s) = q; \
+      l (s) = q; \
       s = t; \
       do \
 	{ \
 	  t = q; \
-	  q = l.elem (q); \
+	  q = l (q); \
 	} \
       while (q > 0); \
       SORT_COMMON_CODE; \
@@ -131,25 +131,25 @@
     }
 
 #define VECTOR_CREATE_RETURN_VALUES(vs, v) \
-  int k = l.elem (0); \
-  idx.elem (0) = k; \
-  vs.elem (0) = v.elem (k-1); \
+  int k = l (0); \
+  idx (0) = k; \
+  vs (0) = v (k-1); \
   for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) \
     { \
-      k = l.elem ((int) idx.elem (i-1)); \
-      idx.elem (i) = k; \
-      vs.elem (i) = v.elem (k-1); \
+      k = l ((int) idx (i-1)); \
+      idx (i) = k; \
+      vs (i) = v (k-1); \
     }
 
 #define MATRIX_CREATE_RETURN_VALUES(ms, m) \
-  int k = l.elem (0); \
-  idx.elem (0, j) = k; \
-  ms.elem (0, j) = m.elem (k-1, j); \
+  int k = l (0); \
+  idx (0, j) = k; \
+  ms (0, j) = m (k-1, j); \
   for (int i = 1; i < nr; i++) \
     { \
-      k = l.elem ((int) idx.elem (i-1, j)); \
-      idx.elem (i, j) = k; \
-      ms.elem (i, j) = m.elem (k-1, j); \
+      k = l ((int) idx (i-1, j)); \
+      idx (i, j) = k; \
+      ms (i, j) = m (k-1, j); \
     }
 
 static octave_value_list
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@
 	{
 	  Array<int> l = create_index_array (nr);
 
-	  DO_SORT (nr, (m.elem (p-1, j) > m.elem (q-1, j)));
+	  DO_SORT (nr, (m (p-1, j) > m (q-1, j)));
 
 	  MATRIX_CREATE_RETURN_VALUES (ms, m);
 	}
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@
     {
       Array<int> l = create_index_array (n);
 
-      DO_SORT (n, (v.elem (p-1) > v.elem (q-1)));
+      DO_SORT (n, (v (p-1) > v (q-1)));
 
       VECTOR_CREATE_RETURN_VALUES (vs, v);
     }
@@ -246,15 +246,15 @@
 
 	  int all_elts_real = 1;
 	  for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
-	    if (imag (cm.elem (i, j)) != 0.0)
+	    if (imag (cm (i, j)) != 0.0)
 	      {
 		all_elts_real = 0;
 		break;
 	      }
 
 	  DO_SORT (nr, ((all_elts_real
-			 && real (cm.elem (p-1, j)) > real (cm.elem (q-1, j)))
-			|| abs (cm.elem (p-1, j)) > abs (cm.elem (q-1, j))));
+			 && real (cm (p-1, j)) > real (cm (q-1, j)))
+			|| abs (cm (p-1, j)) > abs (cm (q-1, j))));
 
 	  MATRIX_CREATE_RETURN_VALUES (cms, cm);
 	}
@@ -289,15 +289,15 @@
 
       int all_elts_real = 1;
       for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
-	if (imag (cv.elem (i)) != 0.0)
+	if (imag (cv (i)) != 0.0)
 	  {
 	    all_elts_real = 0;
 	    break;
 	  }
 
       DO_SORT (n, ((all_elts_real
-		    && real (cv.elem (p-1)) > real (cv.elem (q-1)))
-		   || abs (cv.elem (p-1)) > abs (cv.elem (q-1))));
+		    && real (cv (p-1)) > real (cv (q-1)))
+		   || abs (cv (p-1)) > abs (cv (q-1))));
 
       VECTOR_CREATE_RETURN_VALUES (cvs, cv);
     }
@@ -342,7 +342,7 @@
 	      int nc = m.columns ();
 	      RowVector v (nc);
 	      for (int i = 0; i < nc; i++)
-		v.elem (i) = m.elem (0, i);
+		v (i) = m (0, i);
 
 	      retval = mx_sort (v);
 	    }
@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@
 	      int nc = cm.columns ();
 	      ComplexRowVector cv (nc);
 	      for (int i = 0; i < nc; i++)
-		cv.elem (i) = cm.elem (0, i);
+		cv (i) = cm (0, i);
 
 	      retval = mx_sort (cv);
 	    }
--- a/src/syscalls.cc	Mon Jun 24 19:44:01 1996 +0000
+++ b/src/syscalls.cc	Tue Jul 09 16:20:40 1996 +0000
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@
 		      exec_args[i+1] = new char [nc+1];
 
 		      for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
-			exec_args[i+1][j] = chm.elem (i, j);
+			exec_args[i+1][j] = chm (i, j);
 
 		      exec_args[i+1][nc] = '\0';
 		    }
@@ -407,8 +407,8 @@
 
 	  Matrix file_ids (1, 2);
 
-	  file_ids.elem (0, 0) = octave_stream_list::insert (is);
-	  file_ids.elem (0, 1) = octave_stream_list::insert (os);
+	  file_ids (0, 0) = octave_stream_list::insert (is);
+	  file_ids (0, 1) = octave_stream_list::insert (os);
 
           retval(0) = file_ids;
 	  retval(1) = 0.0;
--- a/src/xdiv.cc	Mon Jun 24 19:44:01 1996 +0000
+++ b/src/xdiv.cc	Tue Jul 09 16:20:40 1996 +0000
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@
 
   for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
     for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
-      result.elem (i, j) = a / b.elem (i, j);
+      result (i, j) = a / b (i, j);
 
   return result;
 }
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@
 
   for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
     for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
-      result.elem (i, j) = a / b.elem (i, j);
+      result (i, j) = a / b (i, j);
 
   return result;
 }
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@
 
   for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
     for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
-      result.elem (i, j) = a / b.elem (i, j);
+      result (i, j) = a / b (i, j);
 
   return result;
 }
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@
 
   for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
     for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
-      result.elem (i, j) = a / b.elem (i, j);
+      result (i, j) = a / b (i, j);
 
   return result;
 }
--- a/src/xpow.cc	Mon Jun 24 19:44:01 1996 +0000
+++ b/src/xpow.cc	Tue Jul 09 16:20:40 1996 +0000
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
   int nc = a.columns ();
   for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
     for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
-      if (a.elem (i, j) < 0.0)
+      if (a (i, j) < 0.0)
 	return 1;
   return 0;
 }
@@ -110,11 +110,11 @@
 
       for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
 	{
-	  Complex elt = lambda.elem (i);
+	  Complex elt = lambda (i);
 	  if (imag (elt) == 0.0)
-	    lambda.elem (i) = pow (a, real (elt));
+	    lambda (i) = pow (a, real (elt));
 	  else
-	    lambda.elem (i) = pow (a, elt);
+	    lambda (i) = pow (a, elt);
 	}
       ComplexDiagMatrix D (lambda);
 
@@ -155,11 +155,11 @@
 
       for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
 	{
-	  Complex elt = lambda.elem (i);
+	  Complex elt = lambda (i);
 	  if (imag (elt) == 0.0)
-	    lambda.elem (i) = pow (a, real (elt));
+	    lambda (i) = pow (a, real (elt));
 	  else
-	    lambda.elem (i) = pow (a, elt);
+	    lambda (i) = pow (a, elt);
 	}
       ComplexDiagMatrix D (lambda);
 
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@
 	  ComplexMatrix Q (a_eig.eigenvectors ());
 
 	  for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
-	    lambda.elem (i) = pow (lambda.elem (i), b);
+	    lambda (i) = pow (lambda (i), b);
 
 	  ComplexDiagMatrix D (lambda);
 
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@
       ComplexMatrix Q (a_eig.eigenvectors ());
 
       for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
-	lambda.elem (i) = pow (lambda.elem (i), b);
+	lambda (i) = pow (lambda (i), b);
 
       ComplexDiagMatrix D (lambda);
 
@@ -304,11 +304,11 @@
 
       for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
 	{
-	  Complex elt = lambda.elem (i);
+	  Complex elt = lambda (i);
 	  if (imag (elt) == 0.0)
-	    lambda.elem (i) = pow (a, real (elt));
+	    lambda (i) = pow (a, real (elt));
 	  else
-	    lambda.elem (i) = pow (a, elt);
+	    lambda (i) = pow (a, elt);
 	}
       ComplexDiagMatrix D (lambda);
 
@@ -348,11 +348,11 @@
 
       for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
 	{
-	  Complex elt = lambda.elem (i);
+	  Complex elt = lambda (i);
 	  if (imag (elt) == 0.0)
-	    lambda.elem (i) = pow (a, real (elt));
+	    lambda (i) = pow (a, real (elt));
 	  else
-	    lambda.elem (i) = pow (a, elt);
+	    lambda (i) = pow (a, elt);
 	}
       ComplexDiagMatrix D (lambda);
 
@@ -421,7 +421,7 @@
 	  ComplexMatrix Q (a_eig.eigenvectors ());
 
 	  for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
-	    lambda.elem (i) = pow (lambda.elem (i), b);
+	    lambda (i) = pow (lambda (i), b);
 
 	  ComplexDiagMatrix D (lambda);
 
@@ -452,7 +452,7 @@
       ComplexMatrix Q (a_eig.eigenvectors ());
 
       for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
-	lambda.elem (i) = pow (lambda.elem (i), b);
+	lambda (i) = pow (lambda (i), b);
 
       ComplexDiagMatrix D (lambda);
 
@@ -494,7 +494,7 @@
       ComplexMatrix result (nr, nc);
       for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
 	for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
-	  result.elem (i, j) = pow (atmp, b.elem (i, j));
+	  result (i, j) = pow (atmp, b (i, j));
 
       retval = result;
     }
@@ -503,7 +503,7 @@
       Matrix result (nr, nc);
       for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
 	for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
-	  result.elem (i, j) = pow (a, b.elem (i, j)); 
+	  result (i, j) = pow (a, b (i, j)); 
 
       retval = result;
     }
@@ -521,7 +521,7 @@
   ComplexMatrix result (nr, nc);
   for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
     for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
-      result.elem (i, j) = pow (a, b.elem (i, j));
+      result (i, j) = pow (a, b (i, j));
 
   return result;
 }
@@ -541,8 +541,8 @@
       for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
 	for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
 	  {
-	    Complex atmp (a.elem (i, j));
-	    result.elem (i, j) = pow (atmp, b);
+	    Complex atmp (a (i, j));
+	    result (i, j) = pow (atmp, b);
 	  }
 
       retval = result;
@@ -552,7 +552,7 @@
       Matrix result (nr, nc);
       for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
 	for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
-	  result.elem (i, j) = pow (a.elem (i, j), b);
+	  result (i, j) = pow (a (i, j), b);
 
       retval = result;
     }
@@ -575,8 +575,8 @@
   for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
     for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
       {
-	double atmp = a.elem (i, j);
-	double btmp = b.elem (i, j);
+	double atmp = a (i, j);
+	double btmp = b (i, j);
 	if (atmp < 0.0 && (int) btmp != btmp)
 	  {
 	    convert_to_complex = 1;
@@ -593,9 +593,9 @@
       for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
 	for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
 	  {
-	    Complex atmp (a.elem (i, j));
-	    Complex btmp (b.elem (i, j));
-	    complex_result.elem (i, j) = pow (atmp, btmp);
+	    Complex atmp (a (i, j));
+	    Complex btmp (b (i, j));
+	    complex_result (i, j) = pow (atmp, btmp);
 	  }
 
       retval = complex_result;
@@ -606,7 +606,7 @@
 
       for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
 	for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
-	  result.elem (i, j) = pow (a.elem (i, j), b.elem (i, j));
+	  result (i, j) = pow (a (i, j), b (i, j));
 
       retval = result;
     }
@@ -624,7 +624,7 @@
   ComplexMatrix result (nr, nc);
   for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
     for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
-      result.elem (i, j) = pow (a.elem (i, j), b);
+      result (i, j) = pow (a (i, j), b);
 
   return result;
 }
@@ -641,7 +641,7 @@
   ComplexMatrix result (nr, nc);
   for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
     for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
-      result.elem (i, j) = pow (a.elem (i, j), b.elem (i, j));
+      result (i, j) = pow (a (i, j), b (i, j));
 
   return result;
 }
@@ -657,11 +657,11 @@
   for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
     for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
       {
-	double btmp = b.elem (i, j);
+	double btmp = b (i, j);
 	if (xisint (btmp))
-	  result.elem (i, j) = pow (a, (int) btmp);
+	  result (i, j) = pow (a, (int) btmp);
 	else
-	  result.elem (i, j) = pow (a, btmp);
+	  result (i, j) = pow (a, btmp);
       }
 
   return result;
@@ -677,7 +677,7 @@
   ComplexMatrix result (nr, nc);
   for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
     for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
-      result.elem (i, j) = pow (a, b.elem (i, j));
+      result (i, j) = pow (a, b (i, j));
 
   return result;
 }
@@ -695,13 +695,13 @@
     {
       for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
 	for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
-	  result.elem (i, j) = pow (a.elem (i, j), (int) b);
+	  result (i, j) = pow (a (i, j), (int) b);
     }
   else
     {
       for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
 	for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
-	  result.elem (i, j) = pow (a.elem (i, j), b);
+	  result (i, j) = pow (a (i, j), b);
     }
 
   return result;
@@ -720,11 +720,11 @@
   for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
     for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
       {
-	double btmp = b.elem (i, j);
+	double btmp = b (i, j);
 	if (xisint (btmp))
-	  result.elem (i, j) = pow (a.elem (i, j), (int) btmp);
+	  result (i, j) = pow (a (i, j), (int) btmp);
 	else
-	  result.elem (i, j) = pow (a.elem (i, j), btmp);
+	  result (i, j) = pow (a (i, j), btmp);
       }
 
   return result;
@@ -740,7 +740,7 @@
   ComplexMatrix result (nr, nc);
   for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
     for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
-      result.elem (i, j) = pow (a.elem (i, j), b);
+      result (i, j) = pow (a (i, j), b);
 
   return result;
 }
@@ -756,7 +756,7 @@
 
   for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
     for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
-      result.elem (i, j) = pow (a.elem (i, j), b.elem (i, j));
+      result (i, j) = pow (a (i, j), b (i, j));
 
   return result;
 }