annotate main/optim/inst/nmsmax.m @ 9930:d30cfca46e8a octave-forge

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1 %% Copyright (C) 2002 N.J.Higham
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2 %% Copyright (C) 2003 Andy Adler <adler@ncf.ca>
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3 %%
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4 %% This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
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5 %% the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
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6 %% Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
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7 %% version.
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8 %%
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9 %% This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
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10 %% ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
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11 %% FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more
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12 %% details.
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13 %%
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14 %% You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
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15 %% this program; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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16
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17 %%NMSMAX Nelder-Mead simplex method for direct search optimization.
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18 %% [x, fmax, nf] = NMSMAX(FUN, x0, STOPIT, SAVIT) attempts to
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19 %% maximize the function FUN, using the starting vector x0.
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20 %% The Nelder-Mead direct search method is used.
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21 %% Output arguments:
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22 %% x = vector yielding largest function value found,
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23 %% fmax = function value at x,
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24 %% nf = number of function evaluations.
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25 %% The iteration is terminated when either
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26 %% - the relative size of the simplex is <= STOPIT(1)
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27 %% (default 1e-3),
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28 %% - STOPIT(2) function evaluations have been performed
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29 %% (default inf, i.e., no limit), or
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30 %% - a function value equals or exceeds STOPIT(3)
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31 %% (default inf, i.e., no test on function values).
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32 %% The form of the initial simplex is determined by STOPIT(4):
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33 %% STOPIT(4) = 0: regular simplex (sides of equal length, the default)
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34 %% STOPIT(4) = 1: right-angled simplex.
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35 %% Progress of the iteration is not shown if STOPIT(5) = 0 (default 1).
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36 %% STOPIT(6) indicates the direction (ie. minimization or
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37 %% maximization.) Default is 1, maximization.
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38 %% set STOPIT(6)=-1 for minimization
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39 %% If a non-empty fourth parameter string SAVIT is present, then
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40 %% `SAVE SAVIT x fmax nf' is executed after each inner iteration.
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41 %% NB: x0 can be a matrix. In the output argument, in SAVIT saves,
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42 %% and in function calls, x has the same shape as x0.
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43 %% NMSMAX(fun, x0, STOPIT, SAVIT, P1, P2,...) allows additional
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44 %% arguments to be passed to fun, via feval(fun,x,P1,P2,...).
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45 %% References:
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46 %% N. J. Higham, Optimization by direct search in matrix computations,
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47 %% SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl, 14(2): 317-333, 1993.
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48 %% C. T. Kelley, Iterative Methods for Optimization, Society for Industrial
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49 %% and Applied Mathematics, Philadelphia, PA, 1999.
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50
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51 % From Matrix Toolbox
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52 % Copyright (C) 2002 N.J.Higham
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53 % www.maths.man.ac.uk/~higham/mctoolbox
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54 % Modifications for octave by A.Adler 2003
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55
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56 function [x, fmax, nf] = nmsmax(fun, x, stopit, savit, varargin)
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57
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58 x0 = x(:); % Work with column vector internally.
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59 n = length(x0);
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60
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61 % Set up convergence parameters etc.
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62 if (nargin < 3 || isempty(stopit))
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63 stopit(1) = 1e-3;
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64 end
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65 tol = stopit(1); % Tolerance for cgce test based on relative size of simplex.
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66 if length(stopit) == 1, stopit(2) = inf; end % Max no. of f-evaluations.
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67 if length(stopit) == 2, stopit(3) = inf; end % Default target for f-values.
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68 if length(stopit) == 3, stopit(4) = 0; end % Default initial simplex.
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69 if length(stopit) == 4, stopit(5) = 1; end % Default: show progress.
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70 trace = stopit(5);
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71 if length(stopit) == 5, stopit(6) = 1; end % Default: maximize
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72 dirn= stopit(6);
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73 if nargin < 4, savit = []; end % File name for snapshots.
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74
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75 V = [zeros(n,1) eye(n)];
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76 f = zeros(n+1,1);
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77 V(:,1) = x0;
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78 f(1) = dirn*feval(fun,x,varargin{:});
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79 fmax_old = f(1);
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80
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81 if trace, fprintf('f(x0) = %9.4e\n', f(1)), end
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82
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83 k = 0; m = 0;
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84
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85 % Set up initial simplex.
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86 scale = max(norm(x0,inf),1);
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87 if stopit(4) == 0
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88 % Regular simplex - all edges have same length.
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89 % Generated from construction given in reference [18, pp. 80-81] of [1].
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90 alpha = scale / (n*sqrt(2)) * [ sqrt(n+1)-1+n sqrt(n+1)-1 ];
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91 V(:,2:n+1) = (x0 + alpha(2)*ones(n,1)) * ones(1,n);
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92 for j=2:n+1
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93 V(j-1,j) = x0(j-1) + alpha(1);
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94 x(:) = V(:,j);
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95 f(j) = dirn*feval(fun,x,varargin{:});
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96 end
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97 else
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98 % Right-angled simplex based on co-ordinate axes.
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99 alpha = scale*ones(n+1,1);
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100 for j=2:n+1
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101 V(:,j) = x0 + alpha(j)*V(:,j);
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102 x(:) = V(:,j);
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103 f(j) = dirn*feval(fun,x,varargin{:});
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104 end
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105 end
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106 nf = n+1;
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107 how = 'initial ';
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108
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109 [temp,j] = sort(f);
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110 j = j(n+1:-1:1);
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111 f = f(j); V = V(:,j);
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112
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113 alpha = 1; beta = 1/2; gamma = 2;
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114
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115 while 1 %%%%%% Outer (and only) loop.
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116 k = k+1;
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117
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118 fmax = f(1);
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119 if fmax > fmax_old
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120 if ~isempty(savit)
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121 x(:) = V(:,1); eval(['save ' savit ' x fmax nf'])
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122 end
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123 end
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124 if trace
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125 fprintf('Iter. %2.0f,', k)
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126 fprintf([' how = ' how ' ']);
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127 fprintf('nf = %3.0f, f = %9.4e (%2.1f%%)\n', nf, fmax, ...
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128 100*(fmax-fmax_old)/(abs(fmax_old)+eps))
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129 end
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130 fmax_old = fmax;
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131
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132 %%% Three stopping tests from MDSMAX.M
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133
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134 % Stopping Test 1 - f reached target value?
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135 if fmax >= stopit(3)
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136 msg = ['Exceeded target...quitting\n'];
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137 break % Quit.
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138 end
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139
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140 % Stopping Test 2 - too many f-evals?
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141 if nf >= stopit(2)
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142 msg = ['Max no. of function evaluations exceeded...quitting\n'];
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143 break % Quit.
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144 end
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145
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146 % Stopping Test 3 - converged? This is test (4.3) in [1].
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147 v1 = V(:,1);
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148 size_simplex = norm(V(:,2:n+1)-v1(:,ones(1,n)),1) / max(1, norm(v1,1));
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149 if size_simplex <= tol
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150 msg = sprintf('Simplex size %9.4e <= %9.4e...quitting\n', ...
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151 size_simplex, tol);
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152 break % Quit.
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153 end
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154
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155 % One step of the Nelder-Mead simplex algorithm
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156 % NJH: Altered function calls and changed CNT to NF.
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157 % Changed each `fr < f(1)' type test to `>' for maximization
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158 % and re-ordered function values after sort.
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159
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160 vbar = (sum(V(:,1:n)')/n)'; % Mean value
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161 vr = (1 + alpha)*vbar - alpha*V(:,n+1);
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162 x(:) = vr;
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163 fr = dirn*feval(fun,x,varargin{:});
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164 nf = nf + 1;
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165 vk = vr; fk = fr; how = 'reflect, ';
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166 if fr > f(n)
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167 if fr > f(1)
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168 ve = gamma*vr + (1-gamma)*vbar;
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169 x(:) = ve;
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170 fe = dirn*feval(fun,x,varargin{:});
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171 nf = nf + 1;
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172 if fe > f(1)
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173 vk = ve; fk = fe;
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174 how = 'expand, ';
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175 end
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176 end
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177 else
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178 vt = V(:,n+1); ft = f(n+1);
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179 if fr > ft
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180 vt = vr; ft = fr;
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181 end
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182 vc = beta*vt + (1-beta)*vbar;
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183 x(:) = vc;
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184 fc = dirn*feval(fun,x,varargin{:});
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185 nf = nf + 1;
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186 if fc > f(n)
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187 vk = vc; fk = fc;
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188 how = 'contract,';
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189 else
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190 for j = 2:n
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191 V(:,j) = (V(:,1) + V(:,j))/2;
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192 x(:) = V(:,j);
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193 f(j) = dirn*feval(fun,x,varargin{:});
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194 end
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195 nf = nf + n-1;
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196 vk = (V(:,1) + V(:,n+1))/2;
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197 x(:) = vk;
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198 fk = dirn*feval(fun,x,varargin{:});
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199 nf = nf + 1;
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200 how = 'shrink, ';
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201 end
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202 end
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203 V(:,n+1) = vk;
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204 f(n+1) = fk;
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205 [temp,j] = sort(f);
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206 j = j(n+1:-1:1);
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207 f = f(j); V = V(:,j);
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208
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209 end %%%%%% End of outer (and only) loop.
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210
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211 % Finished.
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212 if trace, fprintf(msg), end
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213 x(:) = V(:,1);