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1 @c Copyright (C) 1996, 1997 John W. Eaton |
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2 @c Written by Kurt Hornik <Kurt.Hornik@ci.tuwien.ac.at> on 1996/05/17. |
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3 @c Last updated by KH on 1997/07/31. |
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4 @c This is part of the Octave manual. |
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5 @c For copying conditions, see the file gpl.texi. |
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6 |
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7 @node Emacs |
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8 @chapter Emacs Octave Support |
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9 |
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10 The development of Octave code can greatly be facilitated using Emacs |
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11 with Octave mode |
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12 automatically indent the code, do some of the typing (with Abbrev mode) |
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13 and show keywords, comments, strings, etc.@: in different faces (with |
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14 Font-lock mode on devices that support it). |
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15 |
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16 It is also possible to run Octave from within Emacs, either by directly |
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17 entering commands at the prompt in a buffer in Inferior Octave mode, or |
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18 by interacting with Octave from within a file with Octave code. This is |
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19 useful in particular for debugging Octave code. |
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20 |
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21 Finally, you can convince Octave to use the Emacs info reader for |
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22 @kbd{help -i}. |
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23 |
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24 All functionality is provided by the Emacs Lisp package EOS (for ``Emacs |
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25 Octave Support''). This chapter describes how to set up and use this |
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26 package. |
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27 |
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28 Please contact <Kurt.Hornik@@ci.tuwien.ac.at> if you have any questions |
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29 or suggestions on using EOS. |
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30 |
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31 @menu |
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32 * Installing EOS:: |
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33 * Using Octave Mode:: |
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34 * Running Octave From Within Emacs:: |
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35 * Using the Emacs Info Reader for Octave:: |
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36 @end menu |
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37 |
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38 @node Installing EOS |
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39 @section Installing EOS |
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40 |
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41 The Emacs package EOS consists of the three files @file{octave-mod.el}, |
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42 @file{octave-inf.el}, and @file{octave-hlp.el}. These files, or better |
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43 yet their byte-compiled versions, should be somewhere in your Emacs |
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44 load-path. |
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45 |
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46 If you have GNU Emacs with a version number at least as high as 19.35, |
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47 you are all set up, because EOS is respectively will be part of GNU |
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48 Emacs as of version 19.35. |
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49 |
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50 Otherwise, copy the three files from the @file{emacs} subdirectory of |
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51 the Octave distribution to a place where Emacs can find them (this |
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52 depends on how your Emacs was installed). Byte-compile them for speed |
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53 if you want. |
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54 |
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55 @node Using Octave Mode |
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56 @section Using Octave Mode |
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57 |
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58 If you are lucky, your sysadmins have already arranged everything so |
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59 that Emacs automatically goes into Octave mode whenever you visit an |
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60 Octave code file as characterized by its extension @file{.m}. If not, |
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61 proceed as follows. |
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62 |
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63 @enumerate |
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64 @item |
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65 To begin using Octave mode for all @file{.m} files you visit, add the |
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66 following lines to a file loaded by Emacs at startup time, typically |
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67 your @file{~/.emacs} file: |
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68 |
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69 @lisp |
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70 (autoload 'octave-mode "octave-mod" nil t) |
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71 (setq auto-mode-alist |
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72 (cons '(\"\\\\.m$\" . octave-mode) auto-mode-alist)) |
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73 @end lisp |
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74 |
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75 @item |
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76 Finally, to turn on the abbrevs, auto-fill and font-lock features |
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77 automatically, also add the following lines to one of the Emacs startup |
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78 files: |
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79 @lisp |
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80 (add-hook 'octave-mode-hook |
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81 (lambda () |
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82 (abbrev-mode 1) |
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83 (auto-fill-mode 1) |
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84 (if (eq window-system 'x) |
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85 (font-lock-mode 1)))) |
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86 @end lisp |
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87 See the Emacs manual for more information about how to customize |
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88 Font-lock mode. |
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89 @end enumerate |
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90 |
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91 In Octave mode, the following special Emacs commands can be used in |
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92 addition to the standard Emacs commands. |
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93 |
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94 @table @kbd |
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95 @item C-h m |
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96 Describe the features of Octave mode. |
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97 |
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98 @item LFD |
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99 Reindent the current Octave line, insert a newline and indent the new |
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100 line (@code{octave-reindent-then-newline-and-indent}). An abbrev before |
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101 point is expanded if @code{abbrev-mode} is non-@code{nil}. |
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102 |
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103 @item TAB |
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104 Indents current Octave line based on its contents and on previous |
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105 lines (@code{indent-according-to-mode}). |
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106 |
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107 @item ; |
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108 Insert an ``electric'' semicolon (@code{octave-electric-semi}). If |
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109 @code{octave-auto-indent} is non-@code{nil}, reindent the current line. |
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110 If @code{octave-auto-newline} is non-@code{nil}, automagically insert a |
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111 newline and indent the new line. |
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112 |
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113 @item ` |
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114 Start entering an abbreviation (@code{octave-abbrev-start}). If Abbrev |
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115 mode is turned on, typing @kbd{`C-h} or @kbd{`?} lists all abbrevs. |
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116 Any other key combination is executed normally. Note that all Octave |
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117 abbrevs start with a grave accent. |
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118 |
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119 @item M-LFD |
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120 Break line at point and insert continuation marker and alignment |
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121 (@code{octave-split-line}). |
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122 |
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123 @item M-TAB |
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124 Perform completion on Octave symbol preceding point, comparing that |
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125 symbol against Octave's reserved words and builtin variables |
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126 (@code{octave-complete-symbol}). |
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127 |
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128 @item M-C-a |
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129 Move backward to the beginning of a function |
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130 (@code{octave-beginning-of-defun}). |
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131 With prefix argument @var{N}, do it that many times if @var{N} is |
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132 positive; otherwise, move forward to the @var{N}-th following beginning |
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133 of a function. |
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134 |
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135 @item M-C-e |
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136 Move forward to the end of a function (@code{octave-end-of-defun}). |
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137 With prefix argument @var{N}, do it that many times if @var{N} is |
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138 positive; otherwise, move back to the @var{N}-th preceding end of a |
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139 function. |
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140 |
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141 @item M-C-h |
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142 Puts point at beginning and mark at the end of the current Octave |
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143 function, i.e., the one containing point or following point |
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144 (@code{octave-mark-defun}). |
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145 |
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146 @item M-C-q |
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147 Properly indents the Octave function which contains point |
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148 (@code{octave-indent-defun}). |
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149 |
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150 @item M-; |
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151 If there is no comment already on this line, create a code-level comment |
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152 (started by two comment characters) if the line is empty, or an in-line |
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153 comment (started by one comment character) otherwise |
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154 (@code{octave-indent-for-comment}). |
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155 Point is left after the start of the comment which is properly aligned. |
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156 |
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157 @item C-c ; |
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158 Puts the comment character @samp{#} (more precisely, the string value of |
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159 @code{octave-comment-start}) at the beginning of every line in the |
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160 region (@code{octave-comment-region}). With just @kbd{C-u} prefix |
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161 argument, uncomment each line in the region. A numeric prefix argument |
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162 @var{N} means use @var{N} comment characters. |
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163 |
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164 @item C-c : |
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165 Uncomments every line in the region (@code{octave-uncomment-region}). |
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166 |
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167 @item C-c C-p |
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168 Move one line of Octave code backward, skipping empty and comment lines |
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169 (@code{octave-previous-code-line}). With numeric prefix argument |
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170 @var{N}, move that many code lines backward (forward if @var{N} is |
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171 negative). |
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172 |
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173 @item C-c C-n |
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174 Move one line of Octave code forward, skipping empty and comment lines |
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175 (@code{octave-next-code-line}). With numeric prefix argument @var{N}, |
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176 move that many code lines forward (backward if @var{N} is negative). |
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177 |
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178 @item C-c C-a |
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179 Move to the `real' beginning of the current line |
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180 (@code{octave-beginning-of-line}). If point is in an empty or comment |
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181 line, simply go to its beginning; otherwise, move backwards to the |
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182 beginning of the first code line which is not inside a continuation |
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183 statement, i.e., which does not follow a code line ending in @samp{...} |
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184 or @samp{\}, or is inside an open parenthesis list. |
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185 |
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186 @item C-c C-e |
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187 Move to the `real' end of the current line (@code{octave-end-of-line}). |
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188 If point is in a code line, move forward to the end of the first Octave |
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189 code line which does not end in @samp{...} or @samp{\} or is inside an |
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190 open parenthesis list. Otherwise, simply go to the end of the current |
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191 line. |
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192 |
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193 @item C-c M-C-n |
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194 Move forward across one balanced begin-end block of Octave code |
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195 (@code{octave-forward-block}). With numeric prefix argument @var{N}, |
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196 move forward across @var{n} such blocks (backward if @var{N} is |
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197 negative). |
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198 |
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199 @item C-c M-C-p |
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200 Move back across one balanced begin-end block of Octave code |
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201 (@code{octave-backward-block}). With numeric prefix argument @var{N}, |
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202 move backward across @var{N} such blocks (forward if @var{N} is |
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203 negative). |
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204 |
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205 @item C-c M-C-d |
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206 Move forward down one begin-end block level of Octave code |
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207 (@code{octave-down-block}). With numeric prefix argument, do it that |
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208 many times; a negative argument means move backward, but still go down |
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209 one level. |
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210 |
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211 @item C-c M-C-u |
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212 Move backward out of one begin-end block level of Octave code |
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213 (@code{octave-backward-up-block}). With numeric prefix argument, do it |
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214 that many times; a negative argument means move forward, but still to a |
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215 less deep spot. |
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216 |
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217 @item C-c M-C-h |
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218 Put point at the beginning of this block, mark at the end |
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219 (@code{octave-mark-block}). |
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220 The block marked is the one that contains point or follows point. |
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221 |
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222 @item C-c ] |
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223 Close the current block on a separate line (@code{octave-close-block}). |
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224 An error is signaled if no block to close is found. |
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225 |
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226 @item C-c f |
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227 Insert a function skeleton, prompting for the function's name, arguments |
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228 and return values which have to be entered without parens |
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229 (@code{octave-insert-defun}). |
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230 |
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231 @item C-c C-h |
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232 Search the function, operator and variable indices of all info files |
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233 with documentation for Octave for entries (@code{octave-help}). If used |
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234 interactively, the entry is prompted for with completion. If multiple |
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235 matches are found, one can cycle through them using the standard |
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236 @samp{,} (@code{Info-index-next}) command of the Info reader. |
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237 |
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238 The variable @code{octave-help-files} is a list of files to search |
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239 through and defaults to @code{'("octave")}. If there is also an Octave |
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240 Local Guide with corresponding info file, say, @file{octave-LG}, you can |
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241 have @code{octave-help} search both files by |
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242 @lisp |
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243 (setq octave-help-files '("octave" "octave-LG")) |
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244 @end lisp |
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245 @noindent |
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246 in one of your Emacs startup files. |
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247 |
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248 @end table |
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249 |
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250 A common problem is that the @key{RET} key does @emph{not} indent the |
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251 line to where the new text should go after inserting the newline. This |
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252 is because the standard Emacs convention is that @key{RET} (aka |
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253 @kbd{C-m}) just adds a newline, whereas @key{LFD} (aka @kbd{C-j}) adds a |
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254 newline and indents it. This is particularly inconvenient for users with |
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255 keyboards which do not have a special @key{LFD} key at all; in such |
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256 cases, it is typically more convenient to use @key{RET} as the @key{LFD} |
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257 key (rather than typing @kbd{C-j}). |
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258 |
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259 You can make @key{RET} do this by adding |
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260 @lisp |
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261 (define-key octave-mode-map "\C-m" |
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262 'octave-reindent-then-newline-and-indent) |
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263 @end lisp |
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264 @noindent |
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265 to one of your Emacs startup files. Another, more generally applicable |
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266 solution is |
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267 @lisp |
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268 (defun RET-behaves-as-LFD () |
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269 (let ((x (key-binding "\C-j"))) |
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270 (local-set-key "\C-m" x))) |
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271 (add-hook 'octave-mode-hook 'RET-behaves-as-LFD) |
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272 @end lisp |
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273 @noindent |
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274 (this works for all modes by adding to the startup hooks, without having |
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275 to know the particular binding of @key{RET} in that mode!). Similar |
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276 considerations apply for using @key{M-RET} as @key{M-LFD}. As Barry |
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277 A. Warsaw <bwarsaw@@cnri.reston.va.us> says in the documentation for his |
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278 @code{cc-mode}, ``This is a very common question. @code{:-)} If you want |
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279 this to be the default behavior, don't lobby me, lobby RMS!'' |
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280 |
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281 The following variables can be used to customize Octave mode. |
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282 |
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283 @table @code |
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284 @item octave-auto-indent |
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285 Non-@code{nil} means auto-indent the current line after a semicolon or |
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286 space. Default is @code{nil}. |
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287 |
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288 @item octave-auto-newline |
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289 Non-@code{nil} means auto-insert a newline and indent after semicolons |
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290 are typed. The default value is @code{nil}. |
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291 |
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292 @item octave-blink-matching-block |
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293 Non-@code{nil} means show matching begin of block when inserting a space, |
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294 newline or @samp{;} after an else or end keyword. Default is @code{t}. |
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295 This is an extremely useful feature for automatically verifying that the |
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296 keywords match---if they don't, an error message is displayed. |
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297 |
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298 @item octave-block-offset |
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299 Extra indentation applied to statements in block structures. |
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300 Default is 2. |
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301 |
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302 @item octave-continuation-offset |
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303 Extra indentation applied to Octave continuation lines. |
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304 Default is 4. |
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305 |
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306 @item octave-continuation-string |
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307 String used for Octave continuation lines. |
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308 Normally @samp{\}. |
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309 |
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310 @item octave-mode-startup-message |
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311 If @code{t} (default), a startup message is displayed when Octave mode |
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312 is called. |
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313 |
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314 @end table |
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315 |
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316 If Font Lock mode is enabled, Octave mode will display |
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317 @itemize @bullet |
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318 @item |
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319 strings in @code{font-lock-string-face} |
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320 @item |
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321 comments in @code{font-lock-comment-face} |
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322 @item |
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323 the Octave reserved words (such as all block keywords) and the text |
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324 functions (such as @samp{cd} or @samp{who}) which are also reserved |
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325 using @code{font-lock-keyword-face} |
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326 @item |
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327 the builtin operators (@samp{&&}, @samp{<>}, @dots{}) using |
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328 @code{font-lock-reference-face} |
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329 @item |
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330 the builtin variables (such as @samp{warn_fortran_indexing}, @samp{NaN} |
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331 or @samp{LOADPATH}) in @code{font-lock-variable-name-face} |
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332 @item |
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333 and the function names in function declarations in |
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334 @code{font-lock-function-name-face}. |
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335 @end itemize |
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336 |
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337 There is also rudimentary support for Imenu (currently, function names |
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338 can be indexed). |
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339 |
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340 Customization of Octave mode can be performed by modification of the |
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341 variable @code{octave-mode-hook}. It the value of this variable is |
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342 non-@code{nil}, turning on Octave mode calls its value. |
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343 |
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344 If you discover a problem with Octave mode, you can conveniently send a |
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345 bug report using @kbd{C-c C-b} (@code{octave-submit-bug-report}). This |
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346 automatically sets up a mail buffer with version information already |
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347 added. You just need to add a description of the problem, including a |
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348 reproducible test case and send the message. |
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349 |
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350 @node Running Octave From Within Emacs |
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351 @section Running Octave From Within Emacs |
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352 |
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353 The package @file{octave} provides commands for running an inferior |
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354 Octave process in a special Emacs buffer. Use |
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355 @lisp |
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356 M-x run-octave |
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357 @end lisp |
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358 @noindent |
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359 to directly start an inferior Octave process. If Emacs does not know |
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360 about this command, add the line |
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361 @lisp |
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362 (autoload 'run-octave "octave-inf" nil t) |
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363 @end lisp |
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364 @noindent |
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365 to your @file{.emacs} file. |
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366 |
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367 This will start Octave in a special buffer the name of which is |
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368 specified by the variable @code{inferior-octave-buffer} and defaults to |
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369 @code{"*Inferior Octave*"}. From within this buffer, you can |
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370 interact with the inferior Octave process `as usual', i.e., by entering |
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371 Octave commands at the prompt. The buffer is in Inferior Octave mode, |
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372 which is derived from the standard Comint mode, a major mode for |
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373 interacting with an inferior interpreter. See the documentation for |
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374 @code{comint-mode} for more details, and use @kbd{C-h b} to find out |
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375 about available special keybindings. |
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376 |
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377 You can also communicate with an inferior Octave process from within |
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378 files with Octave code (i.e., buffers in Octave mode), using the |
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379 following commands. |
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380 |
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381 @table @kbd |
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382 @item C-c i l |
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383 Send the current line to the inferior Octave process |
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384 (@code{octave-send-line}). |
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385 With positive prefix argument @var{N}, send that many lines. |
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386 If @code{octave-send-line-auto-forward} is non-@code{nil}, go to the |
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387 next unsent code line. |
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388 @item C-c i b |
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389 Send the current block to the inferior Octave process |
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390 (@code{octave-send-block}). |
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391 @item C-c i f |
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392 Send the current function to the inferior Octave process |
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393 (@code{octave-send-defun}). |
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394 @item C-c i r |
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395 Send the region to the inferior Octave process |
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396 (@code{octave-send-region}). |
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397 @item C-c i s |
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398 Make sure that `inferior-octave-buffer' is displayed |
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399 (@code{octave-show-process-buffer}). |
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400 @item C-c i h |
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401 Delete all windows that display the inferior Octave buffer |
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402 (@code{octave-hide-process-buffer}). |
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403 @item C-c i k |
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404 Kill the inferior Octave process and its buffer |
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405 (@code{octave-kill-process}). |
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406 @end table |
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407 |
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408 The effect of the commands which send code to the Octave process can be |
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409 customized by the following variables. |
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410 @table @code |
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411 @item octave-send-echo-input |
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412 Non-@code{nil} means echo input sent to the inferior Octave process. |
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413 Default is @code{t}. |
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414 |
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415 @item octave-send-show-buffer |
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416 Non-@code{nil} means display the buffer running the Octave process after |
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417 sending a command (but without selecting it). |
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418 Default is @code{t}. |
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419 @end table |
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420 |
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421 If you send code and there is no inferior Octave process yet, it will be |
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422 started automatically. |
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423 |
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424 The startup of the inferior Octave process is highly customizable. |
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425 The variable @code{inferior-octave-startup-args} can be used for |
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426 specifying command lines arguments to be passed to Octave on startup |
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427 as a list of strings. For example, to suppress the startup message and |
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428 use `traditional' mode, set this to @code{'("-q" "--traditional")}. |
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429 You can also specify a startup file of Octave commands to be loaded on |
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430 startup; note that these commands will not produce any visible output |
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431 in the process buffer. Which file to use is controlled by the variable |
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432 @code{inferior-octave-startup-file}. If this is @code{nil}, the file |
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433 @file{~/.emacs-octave} is used if it exists. |
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434 |
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435 And finally, @code{inferior-octave-mode-hook} is run after starting the |
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436 process and putting its buffer into Inferior Octave mode. Hence, if you |
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437 like the up and down arrow keys to behave in the interaction buffer as |
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438 in the shell, and you want this buffer to use nice colors, add |
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439 @lisp |
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440 (add-hook 'inferior-octave-mode-hook |
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441 (lambda () |
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442 (turn-on-font-lock) |
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443 (define-key inferior-octave-mode-map [up] |
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444 'comint-previous-input) |
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445 (define-key inferior-octave-mode-map [down] |
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446 'comint-next-input))) |
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447 @end lisp |
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448 @noindent |
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449 to your @file{.emacs} file. You could also swap the roles of @kbd{C-a} |
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450 (@code{beginning-of-line}) and @code{C-c C-a} (@code{comint-bol}) using |
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451 this hook. |
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452 |
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453 @quotation |
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454 @strong{Note:} |
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455 If you set your Octave prompts to something different from the defaults, |
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456 make sure that @code{inferior-octave-prompt} matches them. |
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457 Otherwise, @emph{nothing} will work, because Emacs will have no idea |
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458 when Octave is waiting for input, or done sending output. |
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459 @end quotation |
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460 |
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4167
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461 @node Using the Emacs Info Reader for Octave |
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3294
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462 @section Using the Emacs Info Reader for Octave |
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463 |
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464 You can also set up the Emacs Info reader for dealing with the results |
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465 of Octave's @samp{help -i}. For this, the package @file{gnuserv} needs |
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466 to be installed, which unfortunately still does not come with GNU Emacs |
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467 (it does with XEmacs). It can be retrieved from any GNU Emacs Lisp Code |
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468 Directory archive, e.g.@: |
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469 @url{ftp://ftp.cis.ohio-state.edu/pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive}, |
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470 in the @file{packages} subdirectory. The alpha version of an enhanced |
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471 version of gnuserv is available at |
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472 @url{ftp://ftp.wellfleet.com/netman/psmith/emacs/gnuserv-2.1alpha.tar.gz}. |
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473 |
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474 If @file{gnuserv} is installed, add the lines |
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475 @lisp |
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476 (autoload 'octave-help "octave-hlp" nil t) |
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477 (require 'gnuserv) |
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478 (gnuserv-start) |
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479 @end lisp |
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480 @noindent |
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481 to your @file{.emacs} file. |
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482 |
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483 You can use either `plain' Emacs Info or the function @code{octave-help} |
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484 as your Octave info reader (for @samp{help -i}). In the former case, |
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485 set the Octave variable @code{INFO_PROGRAM} to @code{"info-emacs-info"}. |
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486 The latter is perhaps more attractive because it allows to look up keys |
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487 in the indices of @emph{several} info files related to Octave (provided |
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488 that the Emacs variable @code{octave-help-files} is set correctly). In |
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489 this case, set @code{INFO_PROGRAM} to @code{"info-emacs-octave-help"}. |
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490 |
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491 If you use Octave from within Emacs, these settings are best done in the |
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492 @file{~/.emacs-octave} startup file (or the file pointed to by the Emacs |
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493 variable @code{inferior-octave-startup-file}). |
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494 |
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495 @c Local Variables: |
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496 @c TeX-command-default: "Texinfo" |
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497 @c End: |
