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1 % Copyright (C) 1996, 1997 John W. Eaton |
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2 % This is part of the Octave manual. |
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3 % For copying conditions, see the file gpl.texi. |
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4 |
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5 \input texinfo |
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6 @setfilename octave.info |
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7 |
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8 @c The following macro is used for the on-line help system, but we don't |
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9 @c want lots of `See also: foo, bar, and baz' strings cluttering the |
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10 @c printed manual (that information should be in the supporting text for |
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11 @c each group of functions and variables). |
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12 |
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13 @macro seealso {args} |
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14 @end macro |
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15 |
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16 @ifinfo |
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17 @format |
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18 START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY |
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19 * Octave: (octave). Interactive language for numerical computations. |
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20 END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY |
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21 @end format |
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22 @end ifinfo |
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23 |
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24 @c Settings for printing on 8-1/2 by 11 inch paper: |
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25 @c ----------------------------------------------- |
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26 |
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27 @setchapternewpage odd |
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28 |
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29 @c Settings for small book format: |
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30 @c ------------------------------ |
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31 |
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32 @ignore |
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33 @smallbook |
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34 @setchapternewpage odd |
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35 @finalout |
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36 @iftex |
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37 @cropmarks |
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38 @end iftex |
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39 @end ignore |
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40 |
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41 @defindex op |
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42 |
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43 @c Things like the Octave version number are defined in conf.texi. |
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44 @c This file doesn't include a chapter, so it must not be included |
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45 @c if you want to run the Emacs function texinfo-multiple-files-update. |
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46 |
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47 @include conf.texi |
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48 |
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49 @settitle GNU Octave |
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50 |
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51 @ifnottex |
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52 |
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53 Copyright (C) 1996, 1997 John W. Eaton. |
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54 |
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55 Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of |
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56 this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice |
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57 are preserved on all copies. |
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58 |
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59 @ignore |
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60 Permission is granted to process this file through Tex and print the |
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61 results, provided the printed document carries copying permission |
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62 notice identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph |
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63 (this paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual). |
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64 |
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65 @end ignore |
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66 Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of |
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67 this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that |
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68 the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of |
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69 a permission notice identical to this one. |
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70 |
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71 Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this |
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72 manual into another language, under the above conditions for |
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73 modified versions. |
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74 @end ifnottex |
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75 |
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76 @titlepage |
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77 @title GNU Octave |
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78 @subtitle A high-level interactive language for numerical computations |
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79 @subtitle Edition 3 for Octave version @value{VERSION} |
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80 @subtitle February 1997 |
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81 @author John W. Eaton |
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82 @page |
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83 @vskip 0pt plus 1filll |
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84 Copyright @copyright{} 1996, 1997 John W. Eaton. |
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85 |
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86 This is the third edition of the Octave documentation, and is consistent |
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87 with version @value{VERSION} of Octave. |
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88 |
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89 Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of |
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90 this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice |
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91 are preserved on all copies. |
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92 |
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93 Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this |
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94 manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire |
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95 resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission |
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96 notice identical to this one. |
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97 |
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98 Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual |
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99 into another language, under the same conditions as for modified versions. |
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100 |
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101 Portions of this document have been adapted from the @code{gawk}, |
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102 @code{readline}, @code{gcc}, and C library manuals, published by the Free |
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103 Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA |
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104 02110-1301--1307, USA. |
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105 @end titlepage |
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106 |
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107 @contents |
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108 |
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109 @ifnottex |
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110 @node Top |
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111 @top |
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112 |
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113 This manual documents how to run, install and port GNU Octave, as well |
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114 as its new features and incompatibilities, and how to report bugs. |
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115 It corresponds to GNU Octave version @value{VERSION}. |
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116 @end ifnottex |
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117 |
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118 @c ------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
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119 |
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120 @menu |
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121 * Preface:: |
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122 * Introduction:: A brief introduction to Octave. |
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123 * Getting Started:: |
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124 * Data Types:: |
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125 * Numeric Data Types:: |
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126 * Strings:: |
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127 * Data Structures:: |
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128 * Containers:: |
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129 * I/O Streams:: |
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130 * Variables:: |
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131 * Expressions:: Expressions. |
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132 * Evaluation:: |
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133 * Statements:: Looping and program flow control. |
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134 * Functions and Scripts:: |
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135 * Error Handling:: |
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136 * Debugging:: |
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137 * Input and Output:: |
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138 * Plotting:: |
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139 * Matrix Manipulation:: |
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140 * Arithmetic:: |
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141 * Linear Algebra:: |
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142 * Nonlinear Equations:: |
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143 * Sparse Matrices:: |
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144 * Quadrature:: |
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145 * Differential Equations:: |
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146 * Optimization:: |
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147 * Statistics:: |
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148 * Financial Functions:: |
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149 * Sets:: |
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150 * Polynomial Manipulations:: |
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151 * Control Theory:: |
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152 * Signal Processing:: |
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153 * Image Processing:: |
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154 * Audio Processing:: |
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155 * Quaternions:: |
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156 * System Utilities:: |
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157 * Tips:: |
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158 * Trouble:: If you have trouble installing Octave. |
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159 * Installation:: How to configure, compile and install Octave. |
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160 * Emacs:: |
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161 * Grammar:: |
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162 * Copying:: The GNU General Public License. |
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163 * Concept Index:: An item for each concept. |
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164 * Variable Index:: An item for each documented variable. |
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165 * Function Index:: An item for each documented function. |
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166 * Operator Index:: An item for each documented operator. |
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167 |
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168 @detailmenu |
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169 --- The Detailed Node Listing --- |
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170 |
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171 Preface |
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172 |
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173 * Acknowledgements:: |
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174 * How You Can Contribute to Octave:: |
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175 * Distribution:: |
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176 |
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177 A Brief Introduction to Octave |
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178 |
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179 * Running Octave:: |
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180 * Simple Examples:: |
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181 * Conventions:: |
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182 |
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183 Conventions |
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184 |
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185 * Fonts:: |
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186 * Evaluation Notation:: |
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187 * Printing Notation:: |
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188 * Error Messages:: |
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189 * Format of Descriptions:: |
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190 |
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191 Format of Descriptions |
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192 |
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193 * A Sample Function Description:: |
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194 * A Sample Command Description:: |
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195 * A Sample Variable Description:: |
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196 |
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197 Getting Started |
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198 |
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199 * Invoking Octave:: |
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200 * Quitting Octave:: |
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201 * Getting Help:: |
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202 * Command Line Editing:: |
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203 * Errors:: |
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204 * Executable Octave Programs:: |
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205 * Comments:: |
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206 |
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207 Invoking Octave |
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208 |
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209 * Command Line Options:: |
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210 * Startup Files:: |
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211 |
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212 Command Line Editing |
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213 |
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214 * Cursor Motion:: |
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215 * Killing and Yanking:: |
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216 * Commands For Text:: |
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217 * Commands For Completion:: |
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218 * Commands For History:: |
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219 * Customizing readline:: |
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220 * Customizing the Prompt:: |
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221 * Diary and Echo Commands:: |
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222 |
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223 Data Types |
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224 |
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225 * Built-in Data Types:: |
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226 * User-defined Data Types:: |
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227 * Object Sizes:: |
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228 |
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229 Built-in Data Types |
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230 |
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231 * Numeric Objects:: |
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232 * String Objects:: |
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233 * Data Structure Objects:: |
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234 |
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235 Numeric Data Types |
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236 |
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237 * Matrices:: |
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238 * Ranges:: |
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239 * Logical Values:: |
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240 * Predicates for Numeric Objects:: |
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241 |
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242 Matrices |
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243 |
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244 * Empty Matrices:: |
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245 |
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246 Strings |
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247 |
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248 * Creating Strings:: |
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249 * Searching and Replacing:: |
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250 * String Conversions:: |
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251 * Character Class Functions:: |
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252 |
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253 Containers |
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254 |
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255 * Lists:: |
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256 * Cell Arrays:: |
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257 |
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258 Variables |
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259 |
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260 * Global Variables:: |
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261 * Status of Variables:: |
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262 * Summary of Built-in Variables:: |
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263 * Defaults from the Environment:: |
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264 |
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265 Expressions |
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266 |
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267 * Index Expressions:: |
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268 * Calling Functions:: |
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269 * Arithmetic Ops:: |
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270 * Comparison Ops:: |
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271 * Boolean Expressions:: |
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272 * Assignment Ops:: |
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273 * Increment Ops:: |
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274 * Operator Precedence:: |
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275 |
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276 Calling Functions |
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277 |
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278 * Call by Value:: |
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279 * Recursion:: |
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280 |
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281 Boolean Expressions |
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282 |
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283 * Element-by-element Boolean Operators:: |
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284 * Short-circuit Boolean Operators:: |
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285 |
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286 Statements |
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287 |
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288 * The if Statement:: |
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289 * The switch Statement:: |
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290 * The while Statement:: |
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291 * The do-until Statement:: |
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292 * The for Statement:: |
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293 * The break Statement:: |
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294 * The continue Statement:: |
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295 * The unwind_protect Statement:: |
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296 * The try Statement:: |
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297 * Continuation Lines:: |
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298 |
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299 The @code{for} Statement |
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300 |
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301 * Looping Over Structure Elements:: |
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302 |
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303 Functions and Script Files |
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304 |
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305 * Defining Functions:: |
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306 * Multiple Return Values:: |
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307 * Variable-length Argument Lists:: |
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308 * Variable-length Return Lists:: |
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309 * Returning From a Function:: |
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310 * Function Files:: |
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311 * Script Files:: |
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312 * Dynamically Linked Functions:: |
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313 * Organization of Functions:: |
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314 |
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315 Error Handling |
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316 |
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317 Debugging |
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318 |
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319 Input and Output |
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320 |
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321 * Basic Input and Output:: |
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322 * C-Style I/O Functions:: |
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323 |
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324 Basic Input and Output |
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325 |
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326 * Terminal Output:: |
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327 * Terminal Input:: |
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328 * Simple File I/O:: |
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329 |
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330 C-Style I/O Functions |
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331 |
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332 * Opening and Closing Files:: |
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333 * Simple Output:: |
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334 * Line-Oriented Input:: |
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335 * Formatted Output:: |
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336 * Output Conversion for Matrices:: |
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337 * Output Conversion Syntax:: |
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338 * Table of Output Conversions:: |
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339 * Integer Conversions:: |
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340 * Floating-Point Conversions:: Other Output Conversions:: |
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341 * Other Output Conversions:: |
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342 * Formatted Input:: |
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343 * Input Conversion Syntax:: |
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344 * Table of Input Conversions:: |
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345 * Numeric Input Conversions:: |
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346 * String Input Conversions:: |
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347 * Binary I/O:: |
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348 * Temporary Files:: |
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349 * EOF and Errors:: |
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350 * File Positioning:: |
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351 |
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352 Plotting |
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353 |
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354 * Two-Dimensional Plotting:: |
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355 * Specialized Two-Dimensional Plots:: |
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356 * Three-Dimensional Plotting:: |
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357 * Plot Annotations:: |
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358 * Multiple Plots on One Page:: |
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359 * Multiple Plot Windows:: |
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360 * Interaction with gnuplot:: |
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361 |
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362 Matrix Manipulation |
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363 |
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364 * Finding Elements and Checking Conditions:: |
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365 * Rearranging Matrices:: |
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366 * Special Utility Matrices:: |
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367 * Famous Matrices:: |
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368 |
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369 Arithmetic |
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370 |
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371 * Utility Functions:: |
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372 * Complex Arithmetic:: |
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373 * Trigonometry:: |
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374 * Sums and Products:: |
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375 * Special Functions:: |
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376 * Mathematical Constants:: |
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377 |
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378 Linear Algebra |
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379 |
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380 * Basic Matrix Functions:: |
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381 * Matrix Factorizations:: |
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382 * Functions of a Matrix:: |
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383 |
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384 Sparse Matrices |
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385 |
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386 * Basics:: |
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387 * Graph Theory:: |
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388 * Sparse Linear Algebra:: |
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389 * Iterative Techniques:: |
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390 * Oct-Files:: |
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391 * License:: |
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392 * Function Reference:: |
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393 |
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394 Quadrature |
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395 |
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396 * Functions of One Variable:: |
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397 * Orthogonal Collocation:: |
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398 |
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399 Differential Equations |
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400 |
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401 * Ordinary Differential Equations:: |
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402 * Differential-Algebraic Equations:: |
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403 |
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404 Optimization |
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405 |
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406 * Quadratic Programming:: |
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407 * Nonlinear Programming:: |
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408 * Linear Least Squares:: |
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409 |
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410 Statistics |
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411 |
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412 * Basic Statistical Functions:: |
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413 * Tests:: |
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414 * Models:: |
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415 * Distributions:: |
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416 |
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417 Control Theory |
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418 |
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419 * sysstruct:: |
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420 * sysinterface:: |
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421 * sysdisp:: |
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422 * blockdiag:: |
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423 * numerical:: |
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424 * sysprop:: |
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425 * systime:: |
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426 * sysfreq:: |
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427 * cacsd:: |
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428 * misc:: |
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429 |
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430 System Data Structure |
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431 |
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432 * sysstructvars:: |
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433 * sysstructtf:: |
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434 * sysstructzp:: |
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435 * sysstructss:: |
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436 |
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437 System Construction and Interface Functions |
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438 |
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439 * fir2sys:: |
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440 * ss2sys:: |
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441 * tf2sys:: |
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442 * zp2sys:: |
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443 * structaccess:: |
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444 * structintern:: |
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445 |
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446 System Utilities |
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447 |
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448 * Timing Utilities:: |
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449 * Filesystem Utilities:: |
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450 * Controlling Subprocesses:: |
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451 * Process ID Information:: |
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452 * Environment Variables:: |
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453 * Current Working Directory:: |
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454 * Password Database Functions:: |
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455 * Group Database Functions:: |
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456 * System Information:: |
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457 |
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458 Tips and Standards |
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459 |
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460 * Style Tips:: Writing clean and robust programs. |
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461 * Coding Tips:: Making code run faster. |
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462 * Documentation Tips:: Writing readable documentation strings. |
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463 * Comment Tips:: Conventions for writing comments. |
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464 * Function Headers:: Standard headers for functions. |
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465 |
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466 Known Causes of Trouble with Octave |
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467 |
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468 * Actual Bugs:: Bugs we will fix later. |
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469 * Reporting Bugs:: |
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470 * Bug Criteria:: |
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471 * Bug Lists:: |
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472 * Bug Reporting:: |
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473 * Sending Patches:: |
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474 * Service:: |
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475 |
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476 Reporting Bugs |
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477 |
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478 * Bug Criteria:: |
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479 * Where: Bug Lists. Where to send your bug report. |
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480 * Reporting: Bug Reporting. How to report a bug effectively. |
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481 * Patches: Sending Patches. How to send a patch for Octave. |
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482 |
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483 Installing Octave |
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484 |
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485 * Installation Problems:: |
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486 |
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487 Emacs Octave Support |
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488 |
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489 * Installing EOS:: |
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490 * Using Octave Mode:: |
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491 * Running Octave From Within Emacs:: |
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492 * Using the Emacs Info Reader for Octave:: |
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493 |
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494 Grammar |
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495 |
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496 * Keywords:: |
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497 |
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498 @end detailmenu |
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499 @end menu |
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500 |
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501 @c ------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
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502 |
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503 @include preface.texi |
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504 @include intro.texi |
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505 @include basics.texi |
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506 @include data.texi |
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507 @include numbers.texi |
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508 @include strings.texi |
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509 @include struct.texi |
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510 @include container.texi |
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511 @include stream.texi |
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512 @include var.texi |
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513 @include expr.texi |
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514 @include eval.texi |
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515 @include stmt.texi |
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516 @include func.texi |
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517 @include errors.texi |
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518 @include debug.texi |
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519 @include io.texi |
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520 @include plot.texi |
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521 @include matrix.texi |
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522 @include arith.texi |
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523 @include linalg.texi |
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524 @include nonlin.texi |
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525 @include sparse.texi |
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526 @include quad.texi |
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527 @include diffeq.texi |
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528 @include optim.texi |
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529 @include stats.texi |
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530 @include finance.texi |
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531 @include set.texi |
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532 @include poly.texi |
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533 @include control.texi |
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534 @include signal.texi |
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535 @include image.texi |
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536 @include audio.texi |
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537 @include quaternion.texi |
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538 @include system.texi |
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539 |
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540 @c maybe add again later, if anyone every writes any really interesting |
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541 @c fun stuff for Octave. |
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542 @c |
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543 @c @include amuse.texi |
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544 |
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545 @c Appendices start here. Installation and bugs have to go before the |
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546 @c readline and Info appendices because we want to have separate indices |
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547 @c for them, and there appears to be no way to go back to the original |
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548 @c set of indices once a redirection has taken place. |
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549 |
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550 @include tips.texi |
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551 @include bugs.texi |
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552 @include install.texi |
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553 @include emacs.texi |
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554 @include grammar.texi |
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555 @include gpl.texi |
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556 |
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557 @include cp-idx.texi |
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558 @include vr-idx.texi |
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559 @include fn-idx.texi |
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560 @include op-idx.texi |
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561 |
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562 @bye |
