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1 % Copyright (C) 1996, 1997 John W. Eaton |
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2 % This is part of the Octave manual. |
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3 % For copying conditions, see the file gpl.texi. |
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4 |
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5 \input texinfo |
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6 @setfilename octave.info |
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7 |
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8 @c The following macro is used for the on-line help system, but we don't |
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9 @c want lots of `See also: foo, bar, and baz' strings cluttering the |
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10 @c printed manual (that information should be in the supporting text for |
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11 @c each group of functions and variables). |
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12 |
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13 @macro seealso {args} |
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14 @sp 1 |
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15 @noindent |
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16 See also: \args\. |
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17 @end macro |
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18 |
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19 @ifinfo |
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20 @format |
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21 START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY |
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22 * Octave: (octave). Interactive language for numerical computations. |
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23 END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY |
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24 @end format |
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25 @end ifinfo |
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26 |
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27 @c Settings for printing on 8-1/2 by 11 inch paper: |
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28 @c ----------------------------------------------- |
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29 |
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30 @setchapternewpage odd |
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31 |
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32 @c Settings for small book format: |
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33 @c ------------------------------ |
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34 |
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35 @ignore |
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36 @smallbook |
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37 @setchapternewpage odd |
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38 @finalout |
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39 @iftex |
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40 @cropmarks |
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41 @end iftex |
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42 @end ignore |
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43 |
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44 @defindex op |
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45 |
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46 @c Things like the Octave version number are defined in conf.texi. |
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47 @c This file doesn't include a chapter, so it must not be included |
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48 @c if you want to run the Emacs function texinfo-multiple-files-update. |
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49 |
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50 @include conf.texi |
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51 |
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52 @settitle GNU Octave |
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53 |
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54 @ifnottex |
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55 |
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56 Copyright (C) 1996, 1997 John W. Eaton. |
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57 |
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58 Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of |
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59 this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice |
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60 are preserved on all copies. |
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61 |
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62 @ignore |
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63 Permission is granted to process this file through Tex and print the |
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64 results, provided the printed document carries copying permission |
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65 notice identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph |
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66 (this paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual). |
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67 |
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68 @end ignore |
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69 Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of |
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70 this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that |
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71 the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of |
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72 a permission notice identical to this one. |
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73 |
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74 Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this |
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75 manual into another language, under the above conditions for |
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76 modified versions. |
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77 @end ifnottex |
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78 |
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79 @titlepage |
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80 @title GNU Octave |
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81 @subtitle A high-level interactive language for numerical computations |
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82 @subtitle Edition 3 for Octave version @value{VERSION} |
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83 @subtitle February 1997 |
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84 @author John W. Eaton |
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85 @page |
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86 @vskip 0pt plus 1filll |
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87 Copyright @copyright{} 1996, 1997 John W. Eaton. |
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88 |
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89 This is the third edition of the Octave documentation, and is consistent |
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90 with version @value{VERSION} of Octave. |
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91 |
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92 Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of |
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93 this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice |
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94 are preserved on all copies. |
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95 |
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96 Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this |
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97 manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire |
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98 resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission |
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99 notice identical to this one. |
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100 |
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101 Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual |
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102 into another language, under the same conditions as for modified versions. |
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103 |
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104 Portions of this document have been adapted from the @code{gawk}, |
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105 @code{readline}, @code{gcc}, and C library manuals, published by the Free |
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106 Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA |
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107 02110-1301--1307, USA. |
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108 @end titlepage |
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109 |
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110 @contents |
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111 |
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112 @ifnottex |
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113 @node Top |
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114 @top |
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115 |
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116 This manual documents how to run, install and port GNU Octave, as well |
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117 as its new features and incompatibilities, and how to report bugs. |
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118 It corresponds to GNU Octave version @value{VERSION}. |
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119 @end ifnottex |
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120 |
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121 @c ------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
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122 |
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123 @menu |
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124 * Preface:: |
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125 * Introduction:: A brief introduction to Octave. |
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126 * Getting Started:: |
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127 * Data Types:: |
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128 * Numeric Data Types:: |
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129 * Strings:: |
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130 * Data Structures:: |
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131 * Cell Arrays:: |
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132 * Variables:: |
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133 * Expressions:: Expressions. |
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134 * Evaluation:: |
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135 * Statements:: Looping and program flow control. |
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136 * Functions and Scripts:: |
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137 * Error Handling:: |
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138 * Debugging:: |
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139 * Input and Output:: |
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140 * Plotting:: |
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141 * Matrix Manipulation:: |
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142 * Arithmetic:: |
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143 * Linear Algebra:: |
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144 * Nonlinear Equations:: |
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145 * Sparse Matrices:: |
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146 * Quadrature:: |
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147 * Differential Equations:: |
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148 * Optimization:: |
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149 * Statistics:: |
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150 * Financial Functions:: |
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151 * Sets:: |
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152 * Polynomial Manipulations:: |
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153 * Control Theory:: |
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154 * Signal Processing:: |
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155 * Image Processing:: |
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156 * Audio Processing:: |
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157 * Quaternions:: |
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158 * System Utilities:: |
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159 * Packages:: |
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160 * Test and Demo Functions:: |
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161 * Tips:: |
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162 * Trouble:: If you have trouble installing Octave. |
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163 * Installation:: How to configure, compile and install Octave. |
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164 * Emacs:: |
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165 * Grammar:: |
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166 * Copying:: The GNU General Public License. |
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167 * Concept Index:: An item for each concept. |
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168 * Variable Index:: An item for each documented variable. |
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169 * Function Index:: An item for each documented function. |
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170 * Operator Index:: An item for each documented operator. |
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171 |
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172 @detailmenu |
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173 --- The Detailed Node Listing --- |
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174 |
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175 Preface |
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176 |
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177 * Acknowledgements:: |
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178 * How You Can Contribute to Octave:: |
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179 * Distribution:: |
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180 |
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181 A Brief Introduction to Octave |
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182 |
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183 * Running Octave:: |
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184 * Simple Examples:: |
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185 * Conventions:: |
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186 |
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187 Conventions |
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188 |
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189 * Fonts:: |
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190 * Evaluation Notation:: |
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191 * Printing Notation:: |
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192 * Error Messages:: |
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193 * Format of Descriptions:: |
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194 |
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195 Format of Descriptions |
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196 |
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197 * A Sample Function Description:: |
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198 * A Sample Command Description:: |
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199 * A Sample Variable Description:: |
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200 |
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201 Getting Started |
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202 |
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203 * Invoking Octave:: |
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204 * Quitting Octave:: |
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205 * Getting Help:: |
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206 * Command Line Editing:: |
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207 * Errors:: |
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208 * Executable Octave Programs:: |
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209 * Comments:: |
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210 |
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211 Invoking Octave |
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212 |
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213 * Command Line Options:: |
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214 * Startup Files:: |
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215 |
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216 Command Line Editing |
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217 |
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218 * Cursor Motion:: |
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219 * Killing and Yanking:: |
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220 * Commands For Text:: |
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221 * Commands For Completion:: |
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222 * Commands For History:: |
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223 * Customizing readline:: |
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224 * Customizing the Prompt:: |
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225 * Diary and Echo Commands:: |
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226 |
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227 Data Types |
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228 |
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229 * Built-in Data Types:: |
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230 * User-defined Data Types:: |
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231 * Object Sizes:: |
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232 |
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233 Built-in Data Types |
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234 |
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235 * Numeric Objects:: |
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236 * String Objects:: |
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237 * Data Structure Objects:: |
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238 |
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239 Numeric Data Types |
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240 |
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241 * Matrices:: |
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242 * Ranges:: |
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243 * Logical Values:: |
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244 * Predicates for Numeric Objects:: |
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245 |
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246 Matrices |
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247 |
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248 * Empty Matrices:: |
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249 |
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250 Strings |
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251 |
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252 * Creating Strings:: |
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253 * Searching and Replacing:: |
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254 * String Conversions:: |
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255 * Character Class Functions:: |
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256 |
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257 Cell Arrays |
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258 |
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259 * Creating Cell Arrays:: |
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260 * Indexing Cell Arrays:: |
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261 * Cell Arrays of Strings:: |
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262 * Processing Data in Cell Arrays:: |
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263 |
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264 Variables |
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265 |
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266 * Global Variables:: |
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267 * Status of Variables:: |
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268 * Summary of Built-in Variables:: |
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269 * Defaults from the Environment:: |
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270 |
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271 Expressions |
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272 |
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273 * Index Expressions:: |
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274 * Calling Functions:: |
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275 * Arithmetic Ops:: |
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276 * Comparison Ops:: |
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277 * Boolean Expressions:: |
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278 * Assignment Ops:: |
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279 * Increment Ops:: |
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280 * Operator Precedence:: |
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281 |
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282 Calling Functions |
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283 |
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284 * Call by Value:: |
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285 * Recursion:: |
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286 |
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287 Boolean Expressions |
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288 |
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289 * Element-by-element Boolean Operators:: |
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290 * Short-circuit Boolean Operators:: |
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291 |
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292 Statements |
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293 |
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294 * The if Statement:: |
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295 * The switch Statement:: |
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296 * The while Statement:: |
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297 * The do-until Statement:: |
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298 * The for Statement:: |
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299 * The break Statement:: |
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300 * The continue Statement:: |
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301 * The unwind_protect Statement:: |
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302 * The try Statement:: |
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303 * Continuation Lines:: |
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304 |
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305 The @code{for} Statement |
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306 |
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307 * Looping Over Structure Elements:: |
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308 |
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309 Functions and Script Files |
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310 |
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311 * Defining Functions:: |
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312 * Multiple Return Values:: |
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313 * Variable-length Argument Lists:: |
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314 * Variable-length Return Lists:: |
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315 * Returning From a Function:: |
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316 * Function Files:: |
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317 * Script Files:: |
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318 * Dynamically Linked Functions:: |
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319 * Organization of Functions:: |
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320 |
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321 Error Handling |
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322 |
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323 Debugging |
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324 |
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325 Input and Output |
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326 |
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327 * Basic Input and Output:: |
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328 * C-Style I/O Functions:: |
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329 |
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330 Basic Input and Output |
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331 |
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332 * Terminal Output:: |
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333 * Terminal Input:: |
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334 * Simple File I/O:: |
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335 |
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336 C-Style I/O Functions |
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337 |
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338 * Opening and Closing Files:: |
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339 * Simple Output:: |
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340 * Line-Oriented Input:: |
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341 * Formatted Output:: |
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342 * Output Conversion for Matrices:: |
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343 * Output Conversion Syntax:: |
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344 * Table of Output Conversions:: |
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345 * Integer Conversions:: |
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346 * Floating-Point Conversions:: Other Output Conversions:: |
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347 * Other Output Conversions:: |
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348 * Formatted Input:: |
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349 * Input Conversion Syntax:: |
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350 * Table of Input Conversions:: |
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351 * Numeric Input Conversions:: |
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352 * String Input Conversions:: |
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353 * Binary I/O:: |
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354 * Temporary Files:: |
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355 * EOF and Errors:: |
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356 * File Positioning:: |
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357 |
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358 Plotting |
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359 |
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360 * Two-Dimensional Plotting:: |
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361 * Specialized Two-Dimensional Plots:: |
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362 * Three-Dimensional Plotting:: |
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363 * Plot Annotations:: |
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364 * Multiple Plots on One Page:: |
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365 * Multiple Plot Windows:: |
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366 * Interaction with gnuplot:: |
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367 |
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368 Matrix Manipulation |
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369 |
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370 * Finding Elements and Checking Conditions:: |
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371 * Rearranging Matrices:: |
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372 * Special Utility Matrices:: |
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373 * Famous Matrices:: |
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374 |
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375 Arithmetic |
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376 |
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377 * Utility Functions:: |
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378 * Complex Arithmetic:: |
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379 * Trigonometry:: |
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380 * Sums and Products:: |
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381 * Special Functions:: |
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382 * Mathematical Constants:: |
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383 |
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384 Linear Algebra |
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385 |
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386 * Techniques used for Linear Algebra:: |
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387 * Basic Matrix Functions:: |
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388 * Matrix Factorizations:: |
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389 * Functions of a Matrix:: |
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390 |
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391 Sparse Matrices |
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392 |
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393 * Basics:: |
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394 * Sparse Linear Algebra:: |
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395 * Iterative Techniques:: |
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396 * Real Life Example:: |
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397 * Oct-Files:: |
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398 * Function Reference:: |
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399 |
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400 Quadrature |
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401 |
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402 * Functions of One Variable:: |
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403 * Orthogonal Collocation:: |
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404 |
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405 Differential Equations |
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406 |
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407 * Ordinary Differential Equations:: |
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408 * Differential-Algebraic Equations:: |
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409 |
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410 Optimization |
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411 |
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412 * Quadratic Programming:: |
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413 * Nonlinear Programming:: |
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414 * Linear Least Squares:: |
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415 |
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416 Statistics |
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417 |
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418 * Basic Statistical Functions:: |
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419 * Tests:: |
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420 * Models:: |
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421 * Distributions:: |
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422 |
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423 Control Theory |
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424 |
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425 * sysstruct:: |
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426 * sysinterface:: |
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427 * sysdisp:: |
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428 * blockdiag:: |
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429 * numerical:: |
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430 * sysprop:: |
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431 * systime:: |
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432 * sysfreq:: |
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433 * cacsd:: |
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434 * misc:: |
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435 |
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436 System Data Structure |
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437 |
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438 * sysstructvars:: |
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439 * sysstructtf:: |
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440 * sysstructzp:: |
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441 * sysstructss:: |
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442 |
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443 System Construction and Interface Functions |
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444 |
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445 * fir2sys:: |
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446 * ss2sys:: |
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447 * tf2sys:: |
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448 * zp2sys:: |
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449 * structaccess:: |
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450 * structintern:: |
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451 |
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452 Image Processing |
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453 |
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454 * Loading and Saving Images:: |
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455 * Displaying Images:: |
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456 * Representing Images:: |
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457 * Plotting on top of Images:: |
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458 * Color Conversion:: |
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459 |
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460 System Utilities |
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461 |
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462 * Timing Utilities:: |
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463 * Filesystem Utilities:: |
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464 * Controlling Subprocesses:: |
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465 * Process ID Information:: |
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466 * Environment Variables:: |
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467 * Current Working Directory:: |
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468 * Password Database Functions:: |
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469 * Group Database Functions:: |
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470 * System Information:: |
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471 |
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472 Packages |
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473 |
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474 * Installing and Removing Packages:: |
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475 * Using Packages:: |
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476 * Administrating Packages:: |
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477 * Creating Packages:: |
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478 * The DESCRIPTION File:: |
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479 * The INDEX file:: |
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480 * PKG_ADD and PKG_DEL directives:: |
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481 |
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482 Test and Demo Functions |
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483 |
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484 * Test Functions:: |
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485 * Demonstration Functions:: |
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486 |
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487 Tips and Standards |
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488 |
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489 * Style Tips:: Writing clean and robust programs. |
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490 * Coding Tips:: Making code run faster. |
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491 * Documentation Tips:: Writing readable documentation strings. |
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492 * Comment Tips:: Conventions for writing comments. |
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493 * Function Headers:: Standard headers for functions. |
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494 |
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495 Known Causes of Trouble with Octave |
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496 |
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497 * Actual Bugs:: Bugs we will fix later. |
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498 * Reporting Bugs:: |
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499 * Bug Criteria:: |
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500 * Bug Lists:: |
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501 * Bug Reporting:: |
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502 * Sending Patches:: |
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503 * Service:: |
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504 |
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505 Reporting Bugs |
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506 |
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507 * Bug Criteria:: |
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508 * Where: Bug Lists. Where to send your bug report. |
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509 * Reporting: Bug Reporting. How to report a bug effectively. |
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510 * Patches: Sending Patches. How to send a patch for Octave. |
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511 |
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512 Installing Octave |
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513 |
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514 * Installation Problems:: |
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515 |
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516 Emacs Octave Support |
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517 |
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518 * Installing EOS:: |
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519 * Using Octave Mode:: |
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520 * Running Octave From Within Emacs:: |
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521 * Using the Emacs Info Reader for Octave:: |
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522 |
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523 Grammar |
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524 |
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525 * Keywords:: |
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526 |
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527 @end detailmenu |
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|
528 @end menu |
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529 |
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530 @c ------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
|
|
531 |
|
3403
|
532 @include preface.texi |
|
|
533 @include intro.texi |
|
|
534 @include basics.texi |
|
|
535 @include data.texi |
|
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536 @include numbers.texi |
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537 @include strings.texi |
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538 @include struct.texi |
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3439
|
539 @include container.texi |
|
3403
|
540 @include var.texi |
|
|
541 @include expr.texi |
|
|
542 @include eval.texi |
|
|
543 @include stmt.texi |
|
|
544 @include func.texi |
|
|
545 @include errors.texi |
|
4167
|
546 @include debug.texi |
|
3403
|
547 @include io.texi |
|
|
548 @include plot.texi |
|
|
549 @include matrix.texi |
|
|
550 @include arith.texi |
|
|
551 @include linalg.texi |
|
|
552 @include nonlin.texi |
|
5164
|
553 @include sparse.texi |
|
3403
|
554 @include quad.texi |
|
|
555 @include diffeq.texi |
|
|
556 @include optim.texi |
|
|
557 @include stats.texi |
|
3439
|
558 @include finance.texi |
|
3403
|
559 @include set.texi |
|
|
560 @include poly.texi |
|
|
561 @include control.texi |
|
|
562 @include signal.texi |
|
|
563 @include image.texi |
|
|
564 @include audio.texi |
|
3452
|
565 @include quaternion.texi |
|
3403
|
566 @include system.texi |
|
6537
|
567 @include package.texi |
|
3403
|
568 |
|
|
569 @c maybe add again later, if anyone every writes any really interesting |
|
|
570 @c fun stuff for Octave. |
|
|
571 @c |
|
|
572 @c @include amuse.texi |
|
|
573 |
|
|
574 @c Appendices start here. Installation and bugs have to go before the |
|
|
575 @c readline and Info appendices because we want to have separate indices |
|
|
576 @c for them, and there appears to be no way to go back to the original |
|
|
577 @c set of indices once a redirection has taken place. |
|
|
578 |
|
5582
|
579 @include testfun.texi |
|
3403
|
580 @include tips.texi |
|
|
581 @include bugs.texi |
|
|
582 @include install.texi |
|
|
583 @include emacs.texi |
|
|
584 @include grammar.texi |
|
|
585 @include gpl.texi |
|
|
586 |
|
|
587 @include cp-idx.texi |
|
|
588 @include vr-idx.texi |
|
|
589 @include fn-idx.texi |
|
|
590 @include op-idx.texi |
|
|
591 |
|
|
592 @bye |
